2,306 results on '"SPARK plugs"'
Search Results
2. Design and performance of a micro-pulsed plasma thruster used in miniaturized satellites.
- Author
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Ou, Yang, Wu, Jianjun, Cheng, Yuqiang, Zhang, Yu, and Che, Bixuan
- Subjects
- *
PULSED plasma thrusters , *SPARK plugs , *ELECTROMAGNETIC compatibility , *SPACE flight propulsion systems - Abstract
• A micro pulsed plasma thruster was developed and tested. • Specific impulse reaches 1600 s and efficiency greater than 10 %. • The designed thruster has been used in Hangsheng-1 Satellite. Pulsed plasma thrusters appeal to the propulsive tasks on miniaturized satellites because of the low volume and high specific impulse. However, further increasing efficiency and reducing the size of pulsed plasma thrusters still require more effort. In this paper, the thruster's spark plug, plate structure, ignition system, charging system, electromagnetic compatibility system, and propellant have been particularly designed to maximize its performance and miniaturize its dimension. With the conducted designs, the whole mass of the micro-pulsed plasma thruster is 450 g, and its dimension is 90 mm * 90 mm * 35 mm. According to the experimental results, the specific impulse reached 1600 s, and the efficiency was more significant than 9 %. Thanks to its excellent performance, we have used this thruster for attitude control and drag compensation tasks on the Hang-sheng-1 Satellite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Effective lifetime of Ni laser induced fluorescence excited at 336.9 nm during spark plug discharge.
- Author
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Bi, Ruike, Zhang, Kailun, Ehn, Andreas, and Richter, Mattias
- Subjects
- *
SPARK plugs , *PLASMA flow , *AIR pressure , *LASER pulses , *DENSITY of states - Abstract
In this study, the laser induced fluorescence lifetime of Ni atoms in ambient air with presence of a plasma discharge was measured for the first time. Free Ni atoms were generated in air at a pressure of 1 bar by spark plug discharges driven by an inductive coil. The Ni atoms were excited at the 336.957 nm absorption line by a 336.96 nm, 90 ps laser pulse and the resulting temporally resolved decaying fluorescence signals were captured by a PMT. An effective fluorescence lifetime of about 1.1 ns was observed for the fluorescence signal within a 7.4 nm detection window centered at 345 nm. Further analysis also revealed that the lifetime of the transition showed statistically insignificant change throughout the duration of the discharge. The peak intensity of the fluorescence signal was found to be proportional to the integrated signal intensities. This in turn suggests that the integrated fluorescence signals in the aforementioned spectral region are proportional to the population density of ground state Ni atoms in the detection volume. The number density of free Ni atoms in the spark gap was measured over time during the plasma discharge, showing an accumulating trend in the beginning phase of the discharge followed by a slow decrease until the termination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Selection of Diagnostic Parameters When Assessing the Technical Condition of Spark Plugs
- Author
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Baganov, Nikolai A., Zhevora, Yury I., Zubenko, Elena V., Isaev, Nikita I., Radchenko, Artyom E., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Samoylenko, Irina, editor, and Rajabov, Toshpulot, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. PRODUCTS.
- Subjects
EMULSION paint ,SPARK plugs - Abstract
This document is a compilation of various products related to Land Rover vehicles. It includes seat risers, fuse tweezers, HCPU arches, rear wings, a base camp chair, filler and drain plug tools, a Defender roof rack, rear light units, an oil filler cap, a paint dryer, a click and go adapter, a pneumatic brake and clutch bleeder, galvanized inner wings, a side load carrier, a model of a Discovery 3, aluminum window blocks, a spark plug thread chaser, a grill soaker, a mobile tool cabinet, a 90° angle drill adapter, Defender carpet, a camping knife, insulated mugs, a solvent cleaner, a dash cam package, a metric tap and drill kit, a brake caliper repair kit, and a Range Rover Sport roof rack. Each product is described briefly, along with its price and website for purchase. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
6. BUYER'S GUIDE: Porsche Cayman.
- Author
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Dredge, Richard
- Subjects
SPARK plugs ,TRAFFIC safety ,AUTOMOBILE industry ,AUTOMOBILE recall ,OIL filters - Abstract
The article provides a buyer's guide for the Porsche Cayman Mk2, a two-seat coupé from the German brand. The Cayman Mk2, introduced in 2012, offers impressive dynamics, build quality, and hatchback usability. It comes in various models, including the Cayman, Cayman S, Cayman GTS, and Cayman GT4, each with different engine options and performance capabilities. The article also includes information on the Cayman's popularity among owners, pricing, running costs, alternatives in the market, interior features, and recalls. Overall, the Cayman Mk2 is praised for its handling, pricing, and high-quality cabin. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
7. SQUARE: THE FINAL REVEAL.
- Author
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HAMILTON, CHRIS
- Subjects
SPARK plugs ,GAS as fuel - Abstract
Street Trucks Magazine is proud to unveil Sergeant Square, a 1985 Chevy Squarebody pickup truck that has been transformed into a masterpiece of modern engineering and timeless design. This project, dedicated to raising funds for Mission 22, a charity combating veteran suicide, features a 6.2-liter Chevy Connect and Cruise engine, a brand new chassis, and suspension components that make it a powerful vehicle. The truck also boasts a custom interior, a climate-control system, and eye-catching bodywork and paint. Sergeant Square made its debut at SEMA Show 2023 and will be auctioned at Barrett-Jackson, with all proceeds going to Mission 22. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
8. BUYER'S GUIDE: Audi e-tron.
- Author
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Dredge, Richard
- Subjects
ELECTRIC drives ,DIGITAL instrumentation ,BRAKE fluids ,SPARK plugs ,WATER leakage - Abstract
The article provides a buyer's guide for the Audi e-tron, a luxury electric SUV. It discusses the history of the e-tron, including different models and trims that have been released since its debut in 2019. The article also mentions the performance, running costs, interior features, and recalls of the e-tron. It suggests alternatives to the e-tron, such as the BMW iX, Jaguar I-Pace, Mercedes EQC, and Tesla Model X. The article concludes that the e-tron, despite being a few years old, is still a desirable option, especially considering its lower prices in the used car market. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
9. How to service your outboard engine.
- Author
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Davies, Stu
- Subjects
ENGINES ,SPARK plugs ,MAGNETS ,TWO-stroke cycle engines ,METAL bonding - Abstract
This article provides maintenance tips for servicing both 2-stroke and 4-stroke outboard engines. It explains the history and features of 2-stroke engines, as well as the steps for servicing the spark plug, transmission oil, water pump impeller, and carburetor. The article also discusses the differences and additional considerations for servicing 4-stroke engines. The author, Stu Davies, has extensive experience in mechanical maintenance and sailing. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
10. A VALUABLE DIAGNOSTIC TOOL.
- Author
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Garbe, Eric
- Subjects
SPARK plugs ,OXYGEN detectors ,HIGH voltages ,ELECTRICAL energy ,ELECTROMAGNETS - Abstract
This article discusses the value and benefits of using an oscilloscope as a diagnostic tool in automotive repair. The author explains that while electricity can be a difficult subject to understand, oscilloscopes are valuable tools that can provide detailed visual representations of voltage waveforms over time. By using an oscilloscope regularly and comparing readings before and after repairs, technicians can gain familiarity with waveforms and easily identify problems in ignition systems and other components. The article emphasizes the importance of practice and familiarity with oscilloscopes to maximize their diagnostic capabilities. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
11. Application of NH 3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NO x Emissions.
- Author
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Hu, Jinyi, Liu, Yongbao, He, Xing, Zhao, Jianfeng, and Xia, Shaojun
- Subjects
- *
EXHAUST gas recirculation , *GREENHOUSE gases , *GAS turbines , *FLAME , *SPARK plugs , *LITERATURE reviews , *ENERGY consumption - Abstract
Due to high greenhouse gas emissions, countries worldwide are stepping up their emission reduction efforts, and the global demand for new, carbon-free fuels is growing. Ammonia (NH3) fuels are popular due to their high production volume, high energy efficiency, ease of storage and transportation, and increased application in power equipment. However, their physical characteristics (e.g., unstable combustion, slow flame speed, and difficult ignition) limit their use in power equipment. Based on the structural properties of the power equipment, NH3 fuel application and emissions characteristics were analyzed in detail. Combustion of NH3 fuels and reduction measures for NOx emissions (spark plug ignition, compression ignition, and gas turbines) were analyzed from various aspects of operating conditions (e.g., mixed fuel, fuel-to-exhaust ratio, and equivalence ratio), structure and strategy (e.g., number of spark plugs, compression ratio (CR), fuel injection, and ignition mode), and auxiliary combustion techniques (e.g., preheating, humidification, exhaust gas recirculation, and secondary air supply). The performance of various NH3 fuel cell (FC) types was analyzed, with a focus on the maximum power achievable for different electrolyte systems. Additionally, the application and NOx emissions of indirect NH3 FCs were evaluated under flame and catalytic combustion conditions. The system efficiency of providing heat sources by burning pure NH3, anode tail gas, and NH3 decomposition gas was also compared. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the key factors influencing the performance and emissions of NH3-powered equipment were identified. The challenges and limitations of NH3-powered equipment were summarized, and potential strategies for improving efficiency and reducing emissions were proposed. These findings provide valuable insights for the future development and application of NH3 FCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Study on the effects of hydrogen nozzle diameter on the combustion and emission characteristics of hydrogen-blended methanol engines.
- Author
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Fu, Laibin, Zhu, Jianjun, Liu, Zhisheng, Liu, Xiaolei, Chen, Jinbing, Guo, Lianmei, Li, Zhixin, and Wang, Zilin
- Subjects
- *
METHANOL as fuel , *HEAT release rates , *NOZZLES , *COMBUSTION , *HYDROGEN , *SPARK plugs - Abstract
In this study, three-dimensional modelling and simulation of a high-power six-cylinder hydrogen-blended methanol engine with direct hydrogen injection and methanol port injection were conducted using the simulation software CONVERGE. The control variable method was used to study the effects of hydrogen nozzle diameters of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm on the in-cylinder airflow movement, hydrogen distribution, combustion, and emission characteristics of the hydrogen-blended methanol engine. The results showed that, with an increase in the hydrogen nozzle diameter, the injection duration was shortened, the distribution of hydrogen in the cylinder tended to be uniform, and the speed of flame propagation in the cylinder decreased. When the nozzle diameter was small, noticeable hydrogen accumulation occurred near the spark plug at the time of ignition, which accelerated flame propagation. Compared with increasing the diameter of the hydrogen nozzle, reducing the diameter of the nozzle caused the peak cylinder pressure and peak heat release rate to increase significantly; the ignition delay period was shortened; the mean indicated pressure and indicated thermal efficiency increased; and the emissions of CO, HC, and unburned methanol decreased, but the NO x emissions increased. Compared with pure methanol engines, hydrogen blending can optimise the combustion of methanol engines to a certain extent, improve power performance, and reduce the emissions of unburned methanol and formaldehyde. Therefore, a hydrogen nozzle diameter of 2 mm is considered the best solution for a hydrogen-blended methanol engine. • Hydrogen direct injection and methanol port injection. • Hydrogen-blended methanol engine has better combustion characteristics. • The hydrogen distribution under different hydrogen nozzle diameters was compared. • The engine with a hydrogen nozzle diameter of 2 mm has the best overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Experimental Pressure Gain Analysis of Pulsed Detonation Engine.
- Author
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Bogoi, Alina, Cuciuc, Tudor, Cojocea, Andrei Vlad, Gall, Mihnea, Porumbel, Ionuț, and Hrițcu, Constantin Eusebiu
- Subjects
SPARK plugs ,STATIC pressure ,PRESSURE sensors ,SUPERSONIC aerodynamics ,PRESSURE ,ENGINES - Abstract
A pulsed detonation chamber (PDC) equipped with Hartmann–Sprenger resonators has been designed and tested for both Hydrogen/air and Hydrogen/Oxygen mixtures. A full-factorial experimental campaign employing four factors with four levels each has been carried out for both mixtures. Instantaneous static pressure has been measured at two locations on the exhaust pipe of the PDC, and the signal has been processed to extract the average and maximum cycle pressures and the operating frequency of the spark plug. The PDC has been shown to be able to reach sustained detonation cycles over a length below 200 mm, measured from the spark plug to the first pressure sensor. The optimal regimes for both air and Oxygen operation have been determined, and the influence of the four factors on the responses is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Experimental Study of the Performance of Turbo-Charged Gasoline Direct-Injection Engine Based on Different Pre-Chamber Structures.
- Author
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Zhao, Xiaowei, Sun, Yuedong, Zhang, Zhendong, and Yin, Congbo
- Subjects
- *
SPARK plugs , *SPARK ignition engines , *GASOLINE , *LEAN combustion , *TURBULENT jets (Fluid dynamics) , *INFORMAL sector - Abstract
In this paper, in order to improve the fuel economy of the actual application of the engine under multi-operating conditions, an experimental study is carried out on a turbo-charged direct-injection engine based on different pre-chamber structures. The engine used for the study is a four-cylinder turbo-charged direct-injection gasoline engine with different structures of pre-chamber spark plugs. The operating conditions in this study include load characteristics at 2000 r/min and characteristic loads at different speeds, including 3000 r/min, 3200 r/min, and 3600 r/min. With stable BMEP or fully open throttle and pedal, the experiment was conducted by the spark angle scanning method to collect data of engine power, economy, and emission under each condition. It was found that the pre-chamber structure has a direct effect on engine performance, with a clear load demarcation line for its effect. Under the WOT condition, the power of pre-chamber ignition is 1.6% higher than that of conventional spark plugs; at the low load of 2 bar, the economy of pre-chamber ignition is degraded by 6%; at the medium load of 8 bar, the economy of the two is comparable; at the large load of 16 bar, the fuel economy proves advantageous. Compared with conventional spark plugs, the pre-chamber spark angle can be advanced by 2~3 °CA, and the pre-chamber ignition with separate ground electrodes is highly reliable. The emission levels of the pre-chamber spark plugs and conventional spark plugs are comparable at all loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Analysis of Hydrogen Combustion in a Spark Ignition Research Engine with a Barrier Discharge Igniter.
- Author
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Ricci, Federico, Zembi, Jacopo, Avana, Massimiliano, Grimaldi, Carlo Nazareno, Battistoni, Michele, and Papi, Stefano
- Subjects
- *
HYDROGEN plasmas , *SPARK ignition engines , *HYDROGEN analysis , *FLAME , *INTERNAL combustion engines , *LEAN combustion , *COMBUSTION , *SPARK plugs - Abstract
Hydrogen fuel is gaining particular attention in internal combustion engines. In addition to zero-carbon emissions, major advantages relate to its combustion characteristics, which allow a significant increase in thermal efficiency under ultra-lean operation and with very low NOx levels. The ignition system is one of the main technology enablers, as it determines the capability to control ultra-lean operations, avoid backfire phenomena, and/or reduce the risks of abnormal combustions. The latter results from hydrogen's low ignition energy and it is associated with factors like high-temperature residuals, hot spots, and irregular spark plug discharge. The ACIS gen 2-Barrier Discharge Igniter excels in accelerating the initial flame growth speed by the generation of non-equilibrium low-temperature plasma, a strong ignition promoter for the combined action of kinetic and thermal effects. Moreover, its volumetric discharge facilitates combustion initiation on a wide region, in contrast to the localized ignition of traditional spark systems. In this work we present for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, experimental results showing the performance of a hydrogen engine with a low-temperature plasma discharge. Tests were conducted on a single-cylinder research engine, achieving ultra-lean conditions with cycle-to-cycle variability results below 2.5%. The analysis indicates that the H2-BDI combined solution is capable of accelerating the evolution of the flame front compared to traditional spark plugs, leading to a significant reduction in the cycle-to-cycle variability. A meticulous adjustment of the BDI control parameters further enhances igniter performance and contributes to a deeper understanding of the innovative approach proposed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Effect of multi-injection strategy on characteristics of methanol-fueled direct injection spark ignition engine.
- Author
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Ahamad, Javed, Kumar, Parmod, and Dhar, Atul
- Subjects
- *
SPARK ignition engines , *METHANOL as fuel , *SPARK plugs , *ENERGY consumption , *THERMAL efficiency , *CARBON monoxide - Abstract
Present paper numerically investigates the effect of injection strategy and start of injection (SOI) timing on in-cylinder flow, air–fuel mixing, fuel distribution near spark plug, engine performance, and exhaust emissions for highly stratified methanol-fueled, multi-injection, direct injection spark ignition engine having high compression ratio. SOI is kept constant at −23° crank angle (CA) after top dead center (ATDC) with a spark timing (ST) of −2° crank angle (CA) ATDC. Mass of fuel is divided into pilot and main injection ports having pilot to main fuel injection mass ratio of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 at 0° and 2° dwell times between main and pilot injections. As the quantity of fuel in main injection increases, pressure rise rate increases, which results in higher in-cylinder pressure and higher rate of burning that gives higher apparent heat release. Due to higher peak pressure rise rate and faster burning in the case of 2° crank angle (CA) dwell time, shorter combustion duration is achieved compared to 0° crank angle (CA) dwell time. In the case of multi-injection, faster burning rate enhanced in-cylinder temperature; therefore, nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions are higher. Pilot to main fuel mass ratio of 1:3 has resulted highest indicated thermal efficiency, lowest specific fuel consumption, lowest soot, and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. BEST BUYS: FAST FORDS.
- Author
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JENKINS, SAM
- Subjects
SPARK plugs ,SPORTS cars ,EXHAUST systems ,VALUE (Economics) ,AIR filters ,TURBOCHARGERS - Abstract
This article discusses four top used Ford performance cars: the Ford Focus RS500, Ford Focus ST Edition, Ford GT, and Ford Racing Puma. The Ford Focus RS500 is a hyperhatch with impressive power and performance, limited to 500 cars worldwide. The Ford Focus ST Edition is a hot hatch with chassis and design tweaks that improve its performance and capabilities. The Ford GT is a remarkable supercar with a mid-mounted V8 engine and classic design. The Ford Racing Puma is an underappreciated gem with a well-balanced chassis and unique bodywork. Each car has its own unique features and strengths, making them desirable options for performance car enthusiasts. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
18. HOW DOES STEEL AND RUBBER CHANGE HOW ADAS SYSTEMS PERFORM?
- Author
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Markel, Andrew
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE seats ,RUBBER plantations ,INTERNAL combustion engines ,SPARK plugs ,DRIVER assistance systems ,TRAFFIC safety ,MELT spinning - Abstract
This article explores the impact of steel and rubber components on the performance of automatic driver assistance systems (ADAS). It emphasizes the crucial role of brakes and steering in ADAS systems, with ABS and ESC systems playing a key role in making corrections. The article also highlights the significance of sensors in ABS and ESC systems, as they inform the ADAS system about the driver's intentions and the vehicle's behavior. It stresses the importance of proper calibration and inspection of ADAS components, as well as the potential challenges that may arise with aging brake systems. The article concludes by discussing the role of brake inspection in ensuring the effectiveness of ADAS systems and preventing accidents. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of maintaining high-quality brakes in vehicles, as the ABS, ESC, and ADAS systems rely on brakes that perform as expected for proper functioning. The text underscores the role of friction in controlling vehicle dynamics and emphasizes the need for correct friction levels for effective corrections. It reminds readers that even advanced systems like cameras and radar sensors cannot reach their full potential without properly functioning brakes. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
19. DIRTFIEND RACING YAMAHA YFZ450R.
- Author
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Baumsteiger, Rob
- Subjects
RACE ,SPARK plugs ,THERMAL shielding - Abstract
This article from Dirt Wheels magazine discusses the process of building a Yamaha YFZ450R Special Edition ATV for motocross racing. The build was done by DirtFiend Racing (DFR) in Mesa, Arizona, and involved modifications to the motor, suspension, handling, and aesthetics of the ATV. The team used various aftermarket parts from companies like RP Race Performance, 38 Motorsports, Walsh Race Craft, and Factory 43. The article highlights the improved performance and handling of the ATV after the modifications were made. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
20. DUNCAN RACING/PAUL TURNER NATIONAL 1985 ATC250R.
- Subjects
BRAKE fluids ,MACHINE parts ,SAND blasting ,SPARK plugs ,AIR filters - Abstract
This article from Dirt Wheels magazine discusses the ground-up restoration and build of a 1985 Honda ATC250R by Duncan Racing International for desert racer Craig Christy. The restoration included various upgrades and modifications to the chassis, engine, drive system, and other components. The resulting replica of the Team Honda ATC250R from the 1980s provides a thrilling ride with excellent acceleration, smooth suspension, and strong brakes. The build took over 200 hours and is estimated to be worth $25,000. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
21. Only the BRAVE.
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE museums ,MECHANICAL engineers ,AUTOMOBILE industry ,RACING automobiles ,SPARK plugs ,LEVERS - Abstract
The article discusses the history and significance of the 1907 Fiat 130HP Corsa, a racing car that was driven to victory by Felice Nazzaro in the 1907 French Grand Prix. The Fiat brand was known for its state-of-the-art engineering and craftsmanship, and their success in racing enhanced their status as a roadgoing status symbol in the early 1900s. The 130HP Corsa was a powerful and innovative car, featuring a bi-block four-cylinder engine and reaching a top speed of 160km/h. The car has been preserved and restored, and it is now on display at the National Car Museum of Turin, Italy. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
22. RIDLER.
- Author
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GORDON, PHIL
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE seats ,AUTOMOBILE travel ,SUEDE leather ,HOT rods ,SPARK plugs - Abstract
This article from Street Trucks features Jim Fox's 1955 Chevy Cameo, which is a rare and historic Chevy truck. The Chevy Cameo was only available for three years and was designed with a one-piece cab/bed body using fiberglass panels. Jim Fox purchased the truck and had it customized by M&L Customs, including lowering the suspension, upgrading the engine, changing the paint, and modifying the interior. The truck has become Jim's passion and he enjoys showcasing it at car and truck shows. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
23. STILL STRANGIN’.
- Author
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SELF, MIKE
- Subjects
CARPETS ,DASHBOARDS (Management information systems) ,SPARK plugs ,USED cars - Abstract
This article from Street Trucks magazine tells the story of Brett Hunsaker, who unexpectedly became the owner of an iconic Ford Ranger known as the "Stranger." Brett, who was initially looking for a different type of truck, was convinced by a friend to check out the Ranger. After seeing pictures and talking to the original owner, Brett decided to purchase the truck and bring it back to Las Vegas. He made some updates to the truck, including LED lighting, custom sheetmetal work, and a polished steering rod. The Ranger has since gained recognition at truck shows and Brett now appreciates the truck's historical significance. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
24. High-pressure injection or low-pressure injection for a direct injection hydrogen engine?
- Author
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Hu, Zhen, Yuan, Shuang, Wei, Hong, Huang, Zeyuan, Wei, Haiqiao, Chan, Siew Hwa, and Zhou, Lei
- Subjects
- *
COMBUSTION efficiency , *SPARK plugs , *SPARK ignition engines , *DIESEL motors , *HYDROGEN , *ENGINES , *COMBUSTION - Abstract
The study delves into the potential application of the direct injection (DI) hydrogen engine as a carbon-neutral power source, exploring mixing and combustion dynamics across varied injection pressures. This research identifies an optimal injection strategy based on a 3-cylinder 4-stroke cycle turbocharged DI hydrogen engine crucial for enhancing the combustion behavior, significantly influenced by mixture formation. Numerical simulation results for a single cylinder show that rapid flame propagation hinges on a relatively rich mixture surrounding the spark plug. Surprisingly, low-pressure injection demonstrates superior combustion performance under the late-injection strategy, emphasizing the importance of an adjusted nozzle diameter to compensate for reduced flow rates. Furthermore, increasing the nozzle diameter from 0.8 mm to 3.0 mm with an optimal injection timing approaches the same combustion performance under the same injection pressure of 15 MPa. Moreover, low-pressure injection not only augments nozzle sealing and durability but also exhibits promising combustion efficiency and power generation under specific conditions. The study underscores the need for forthcoming research in low-pressure DI hydrogen engines, stressing the significance of high-performance injectors, emission mitigation technologies, and evolved combustion theories. • Mixing and combustion dynamics across varied injection pressures were explored for H 2 ICE. • Rapid flame propagation hinges on a relatively rich mixture surrounding the spark plug. • Low-pressure injection exhibits superior combustion performance and power generation. • An adjusted nozzle diameter was emphasized to compensate for reduced flow rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. An experimental investigation on the lean-burn characteristics of a novel hydrogen fueled spark ignition engine: Hydrogen injection via a micro-hole on the spark plug.
- Author
-
Li, Xiaoyan, Zhuang, Yuan, Wang, Yifeng, Zhu, Zhongwen, Qian, Yejian, and Zhai, Rui
- Subjects
- *
SPARK ignition engines , *SPARK plugs , *HYDROGEN as fuel , *JETS (Fluid dynamics) , *THERMAL efficiency , *HYDROGEN - Abstract
Hydrogen addition in SI engines has been a subject of extensive research over the years, primarily owing to its environmentally friendly attributes and its potential to optimize combustion, especially in lean-burn conditions. However, the use of hydrogen as a gaseous fuel presents challenges due to its high mass-to-volume ratio, which can substantially reduce engine power density, whether in direct injection (DI) or port injection PI conditions. Thus, how to maximum hydrogen's benefits on combustion while minimizing its consumption has become a topic worthy to be studied. In this research, a novel concept where hydrogen direct injected through an aperture on edge of the spark plug (SHDI) was proposed and experimentally investigated on a 1.5 L turbocharged gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine under lean-burn condition. Experiments were conducted at 1600 rpm and medium load conditions with hydrogen injection ratios φ H 2 varying from 0 % to 5.5 % and excess air coefficients (λ) up to 1.5. Hydrogen port injection (HPI) strategy was also employed as a reference to gauge the performance enhancement achieved through SHDI. The experimental results reveal that, in comparison to HPI, SHDI exhibited more pronounced effects in enhancing initial flame propagation and assisting to formation of stable flame nucleus which, in turn, extended the lean-burn limit substantially. Moreover, SHDI strategy also resulted in a more substantial improvement in mean effective pressure (IMEP) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) compared to the HPI. However, emissions of NO X , HC and CO were higher in the SHDI mode as opposed to the HPI mode This disparity may be attributed to the elevated local temperatures in the vicinity of the spark plug and the interference caused by the hydrogen jet flow, which disrupted the in-cylinder flow pattern, consequently leading to increased levels of unburnt mixture. • A novel idea with hydrogen direct injected through a small hole on the spark plug edge (SHDI) was proposed. • An experimental study with the SDHI mode under lean-burn conditions was carried out on a GDI engine. • SDHI significantly improves BTE and reduces NO X emissions. • The effects of HPI and SHDI on GDI engines were analyzed comparatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Effect of hydrogen injection coupled with high-energy ignition on the combustion stability of a lean-burn gasoline engine.
- Author
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Fan, Guangtao, Zheng, Zhaolei, and Li, Lezhen
- Subjects
- *
SPARK ignition engines , *LEAN combustion , *ELECTRIC vehicles , *SPARK plugs , *COMBUSTION , *THERMAL efficiency , *INTERNAL combustion engines , *GASOLINE , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
The shortage of fossil energy and the aggravation of environmental pollution have led to stricter requirements for energy conservation and environmental protection of automobiles. The development of new energy vehicles still needs time and space. The internal combustion engine is still the power source that automobiles will need to rely on in the future. Lean combustion is one of the key research directions for efficient and clean combustion technology for gasoline engines. In this paper, the effects of high-energy ignition coupling hydrogen blending on the combustion stability of lean-burn gasoline engines were studied by means of multi-point high-energy ignition and gasoline/hydrogen double direct injection. Through the combination of gasoline and hydrogen injection timing, a suitable stratified mixture can be formed in the cylinder. Combined with high-energy ignition, the fire core can be formed smoothly, and the flame spreads rapidly. The introduction of hydrogen increases the concentration of H in the reaction system, enhances the activity of the reaction system, and accelerates the oxidation process of fuel molecules. Compared with a pure gasoline engine, hydrogen blending can expand the lean burn limit by 66.2% and increase ITE (Indicated Thermal Efficiency) by 6.5%. NO x emission increases first and then decreases with the increase in excess air ratio, but when λ > 1.6, NO x emission is much lower than that of the equivalence ratio condition. HC (Hydrocarbons), CO, and CO 2 emissions are also lower than the equivalent ratio conditions. • Multi-point high-energy ignition with three spark plugs. • Gasoline and hydrogen double direct injection to achieve lean combustion. • Effects on combustion and emission of lean burn gasoline engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. MEMBER ACTIVITY - Q&A.
- Author
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Griffin, Jim "Doc Griff", Jones, Mike, stimko, and C., H. George
- Subjects
VORTEX generators ,METAL bonding ,ROTOR bearings ,SPARK plugs ,FUEL pumps ,SCREWS - Published
- 2024
28. SOLD!
- Subjects
SPARK plugs ,EMPLOYEE bonuses ,PRICES ,VALUE (Economics) ,AUCTIONS - Abstract
This article provides a summary of noteworthy reported transactions in the past month in the world of hockey collectibles. It highlights the sale of Esa Tikkanen's 1994 New York Rangers Stanley Cup ring for $139,444, making it one of the few rings to surpass six figures. Other notable sales include Reijo Ruotsalainen's game-worn jerseys, a game-worn jersey from Roger Crozier of the Buffalo Sabres, Connor Bedard and Wayne Gretzky's game-used sticks, and various trading cards featuring players like Connor McDavid and Sidney Crosby. These transactions demonstrate the continued demand for hockey memorabilia among collectors. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
29. Spark Plug Rethread.
- Subjects
SPARK plugs ,MECHANICAL ability - Abstract
The article focuses on the process of repairing stripped spark plug threads, highlighting the simplicity of working on old bikes and the importance of patience in handling such tasks. Topics include the potential risks involved in cutting new threads, the tools required for the job, and step-by-step instructions for inserting and staking a new thread insert to fix damaged spark plug threads, illustrated with detailed photographs.
- Published
- 2024
30. Smart spark plug cleaning system.
- Author
-
Khan, A. Sameer Ahamed, Basha, B. Ibrahim, Karthick, M., Sreeharan, B. N., and Reddy, C. Vijaya Bhaskar
- Subjects
- *
SPARK plugs , *SPARK ignition engines , *ELECTRIC spark , *DATA envelopment analysis , *FOSSIL fuels - Abstract
In automotives, specifically in SI engines, a spark plug is a device to produce an electric spark which plays a vital role in the combustion of the air-fuel mixture inside the cylinder. In lieu of this, continuous burning of the mixture happens. During the running of an engine, due to the presence of carbon in fossil fuels, carbon gets deposited on the tip of the spark plug electrode. The problem that has been identified is that carbon that gets deposited between the central electrode and the ground electrode, which results in an improper spark and leads to incomplete combustion. Through the improper cleaning method of the spark plug, the gap in the discharge part of the plug will increase because of wear that happens during cleaning. To overcome this difficulty, an attempt is made in this work to design and fabricate a cleaning system which cleans only the carbon deposit so that the efficiency and life of the spark plug are increased. To achieve the objective, the cleaning process of the plug is carried out with the help of a wire brush. An extensive literature survey is carried out with respect to the spark plug types and their various carbon cleaning methods, along with brush materials. A Data Envelopment Analysis based Ranking (DEAR) algorithm is applied for the selection of the best material for brush. Conceptual modelling of the entire system design was done. The model is then fabricated, tested, and validated for the required performance and improved efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The Risk Concept in the New Merger Guidelines: Treating a Proposed Merger Like Schrödinger's Cat.
- Author
-
WERDEN, GREGORY J.
- Subjects
- *
MERGERS & acquisitions , *MERGER agreements , *ANTITRUST law , *CONGLOMERATE corporations , *CATASTROPHE bonds , *SPARK plugs , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *LEGAL judgments - Abstract
The article discusses the new Merger Guidelines (MGs) issued by the U.S. Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission. It focuses on the concept of "risk" in the MGs and how it differs from the previous Horizontal Merger Guidelines (HMGs). The MGs use the term "risk" more than 40 times and suggest that it encompasses the idea of a merger substantially lessening competition. However, the article raises questions about how "risk" compares to the previous standard of "reasonable probability" and how the Agencies assess the risk without predicting the future. The MGs also introduce a quantum antitrust approach, where a merger can both substantially lessen competition and not substantially lessen competition. The article provides insights into the historical context of Section 7 of the Clayton Act and the Supreme Court's interpretation of the reasonable probability standard. It highlights the differences between the MGs and the HMGs in terms of avoiding unnecessary interference with mergers that are competitively beneficial or neutral and the predictive nature of Section 7 enforcement. The MGs focus on scenarios where mergers violate Section 7, but they do not provide conditions for making a substantial lessening of competition likely. The article concludes by discussing the presumption of substantial competition under a unilateral effects theory and the use of quantitative tools and impressionistic evidence in assessing the significance of pre-merger competition. The text discusses the new Merger Guidelines (MGs) issued by the U.S. Department of Justice and the Federal [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
32. DETECTING A LEAKING EXHAUST VALVE: What Your A&P Can Do To Fix It.
- Author
-
Shipe, Jacqueline
- Subjects
VALVES ,SPIN valves ,SPARK plugs ,HERMETIC sealing ,COMBUSTION gases - Published
- 2024
33. TUNING OPTIMIZED.
- Author
-
BANISH, GREG
- Subjects
SPARK plugs ,SUPERCHARGERS - Abstract
This article discusses the importance of tuning fuel injectors for optimal engine performance. It explains that fuel injectors have evolved over time, becoming smaller in size and offering higher flow rates. The article emphasizes the need to calculate the correct injector flow rate based on the desired horsepower and fuel consumption. It also highlights the importance of considering variables such as injector size, impedance, and nonlinearity when selecting and tuning fuel injectors. The article suggests using complete injector data provided by manufacturers or generating accurate data using specialized equipment to ensure accurate tuning. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
34. BAYWATCH.
- Subjects
SPARE parts ,AUTOMATIC automobile transmissions ,WIRELESS power transmission ,AUTOMOBILE industry ,SPARK plugs - Abstract
This article from Jobber News provides information on several new products in the automotive industry. Milwaukee Tool has launched the M12 Auto Technician Borescope, a diagnosis tool with high-definition cameras and a 4.3-inch display. The Coats Company has introduced the Maxx Tire Changer line, which includes models with flexible power options and a dual nozzle inflation system. Liqui Moly has developed the Dual Clutch Gear Oil 8100, which can be used in most wet dual-clutch transmissions. OTC has released the S012 12-Ton Steel Jack Stands, which offer increased strength and safety. ZF Aftermarket has added new brake and lift support options to its portfolio. Dana has introduced Victor Reinz Victor-Lock reusable differential gaskets for severe-duty applications. OTC has announced the release of heavy-duty bottle jacks suitable for up to 12 and 30-ton capacities. Dana Incorporated has added Ultimate Dana 80 bracketless crate axles that allow for easy installation on various applications. K-Tool International has added a wireless inductive charging kit for auto professionals. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
35. Big Cubes Big Power.
- Author
-
KLUCZYK, BARRY
- Subjects
CUBES ,AUTOMATIC automobile transmissions ,NODULAR iron ,THERMAL expansion ,SPARK plugs ,AIR flow - Abstract
Barna chose a single carburetor rather than dual quads because the single carburetor is easier to tune for street performance. The engine's foundation is an Indy Maxx aluminum block that was resleeved for the build with Darton ductile iron sleeves, mostly because the originals weren't quite round enough or straight enough when Valley Performance machined them. "It will feel really strong down low, which is something a dedicated racing engine would not", says Barna, who adds the custom CNC-ported heads from Ray Barton Racing Engines complement the cam, because "offthe-shelf heads just weren't going to deliver the airflow needed for the power target." That's exactly what the Michigan-based Mopar engine specialists at Valley Performance delivered when customer Honda Joe Fuentes (yes, that's his legal name) brought them a truckload of parts, including an aluminum Indy Maxx block, and asked them for some big street/strip power. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
36. TORQUE BACK.
- Author
-
Farrington, Rich, Beck, Graham, Gosnay..FN.Danny, Anthony, Robinson, Denby, Rich, Chew, David, Carlson, Tony, and Wyatt, Anthony
- Subjects
SPARK plugs ,THERMAL shielding ,ENERGY consumption ,HYBRID power ,DISCOVERY (Law) - Abstract
This article from Land Rover Monthly provides expert advice and readers' tips on various Land Rover-related issues. The topics covered include dealing with rusted bolt heads, pinion leaking in a Defender TDCi, LED concerns in a 2012 L322 Range Rover, lumpy running in a classic Range Rover, vibration after a new clutch installation, vanishing clutch fluid in a Td5 90, off-road preparation for a Discovery 300Tdi, and choosing a replacement for a Discovery 4. The article offers practical solutions and suggestions for each issue, providing valuable information for Land Rover owners. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
37. Integrated QSS-RS plans based on the process yield index for lot acceptance determination.
- Author
-
Banihashemi, Atefe, Nezhad, Mohammad Saber Fallah, Amiri, Amirhossein, and Khoo, Michael B. C.
- Subjects
- *
ACCEPTANCE sampling , *SPARK plugs , *PRODUCTION planning , *SAMPLING (Process) , *PRODUCT quality - Abstract
Acceptance sampling plans based on the process yield indices have been adopted in the inspection of outgoing and incoming lots when the required fraction defective is very low. To achieve this aim and increase their overall efficiency and flexibility, various sampling plans have been constructed for different purposes using numerous methods. In practice, resubmitted sampling (RS) plan encourages suppliers to work harder to produce better quality products that pass the first inspection. Besides, the concept of switching inspection rules, which can provide a flexible sampling procedure and reducing the required sample size for inspection, is especially useful when the inspection is costly or destructive. This paper proposes integrated sampling plans by considering the merits of the process yield index Spk, RS, and switching inspection rules for controlling lot fraction nonconforming when the quality characteristic is normally distributed with two specification limits. The performance of the proposed plans is investigated and the results indicate a satisfactory performance of the proposed plans. Besides, the advantages of the proposed plans over the existing plans are discussed. Finally, real data from the spark plug industry are used to illustrate the implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Investigation of propane direct injection performance in a rapid compression and expansion machine: Pathways to diesel marine engine efficiency parity with spark discharge duration strategies.
- Author
-
Windarto, Cahyani, Setiawan, Ardika, Duy, Nguyen Ho Xuan, and Lim, Ocktaeck
- Subjects
- *
PROPANE , *DIESEL motors , *SPARK ignition engines , *MARINE engines , *COMBUSTION efficiency , *CETANE number , *SPARK plugs , *LIQUID fuels - Abstract
This paper explores pathways to achieve marine diesel-like, high-efficiency combustion fueled with propane in a RCEM research engine. Analyzing the novel technique of liquid propane injection is worthwhile given the potential for using propane in high-efficiency compression ignition engines. Since propane has a low cetane number, spark plug operating is provided to achieve reliable ignition. Investigations into combustion and the effect of spark discharge energy on propane direct injection were done through experiments on a modified head large bore RCEM with three spark ignition strategies and simulations. The findings demonstrate that the simultaneous ignition strategy had the greatest total released energy (roughly 190 mJ/s). When the SOI of the direct injection propane was set at 20oCA BTDC, diesel more efficiently than propane (on average, 3.46%). The benefits of the chosen strategy for achieving diesel efficiency parity were shown by the increasing of combustion efficiency when the spark period was lengthened. • In-cylinder combustion, performance characteristics and spark discharge energy were investigated. • Spark ignition was applied on RCEM research engine fueled with liquid propane direct injection. • Investigating the in-cylinder flow and velocity distribution around spark plug. • Spark plug ignition duration was investigated to achieve reliable ignition and reasonable ignition delays. • RCEM with spark produces high in-cylinder pressure when the SOI of liquid propane direct injection was set at 20 oCA BTDC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. An experimental study of a strategy to improve the combustion process of a hydrogen-blended ammonia engine under lean and WOT conditions.
- Author
-
Hong, Chen, Ji, Changwei, Wang, Shuofeng, Xin, Gu, Meng, Hao, Yang, Jinxin, and Ma, Tianfang
- Subjects
- *
LEAN combustion , *COMBUSTION , *SPARK plugs , *AMMONIA , *ALTERNATIVE fuels , *ENGINES , *FLAME - Abstract
Ammonia and hydrogen are two carbon-free alternative fuels for engines. Considering that there are few studies on improving an ammonia-hydrogen engine's lean combustion performance, this investigation based on an engine with the Miller cycle employs hydrogen direct injection (HDI) and NH 3 port injection and then proposes an adjustment strategy to vary the start of injection (SOI) of HDI for affecting the engine combustion process. When ammonia volume share (AVS) is greater than 50%, the engine shows poor performance. Nevertheless, the stratification effect of hydrogen jets may be used to elevate the hydrogen concentration around spark plug by properly delaying SOI and then creating the locally rich mixture with a high hydrogen share, which prominently promotes the flame kernel formation, shortens CA0-90, reduces C o V P m a x , and enables the engine to reach approximately 36% BTE. It is notable that very late SOI can slightly deteriorate the heat release process and lower engine performance. • Ammonia-hydrogen engines have poor combustion process under lean conditions. • A strategy to improve the lean combustion performance of the engine is proposed. • Effects of NH 3 –H 2 premixing and H 2 stratification effect on the engine are balanced. • Properly delaying SOI enhances the ignition and combustion process of the engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Numerical Investigation on Effect of Spark Plug Configuration on Performance in an Engine Cylinder.
- Author
-
Mehul, Bakhshi, Ranjan, Pritanshu, and Shukla, Anuj Kumar
- Subjects
ENGINE cylinders ,SPARK plugs ,SPARK ignition engines ,TRANSPORT equation ,FLAME ,AUTOMOBILE industry ,COMBUSTION - Abstract
Copyright of FME Transactions is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Experimental identification of the electrical discharge on a surface gap spark plug.
- Author
-
SZWAJCA, Filip and WISŁOCKI, Krzysztof
- Subjects
SPARK plugs ,ELECTRODES ,ELECTRIC arc ,GEOMETRY ,AUTOMOBILE ignition - Abstract
The main objective of the research is to assess the influence of the spark plug electrodes geometry on the structure of the electric arc. This issue is increasingly important in modern gas-fueled engines with lean and stratified air-gas mixtures. To explain the influence of electrode geometry on selected spark discharge indicators, optical tests were conducted, and the parameters of the test history, together with the movies of the discharging process, were recorded and analyzed. The tests were carried out comparatively for two types of spark plugs on the test stand: conventional spark plug and spark plug with a flat ground electrode. It has been found that using flat plug electrodes allows a larger spark area covered by the electric arc without losing the intensity of radiation. More, using an unconventional spark plug results in a shorter discharge time relative to the conventional spark plug, while the geometry of the conventional spark plug allows for maintaining a stable electric arc with a minimum tendency for creeping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Build and Trust Your Diagnostic Process.
- Author
-
MARTINO, CHRIS
- Subjects
FUEL pumps ,SIMPLE machines ,TESTING equipment ,SPARK plugs - Abstract
The article offers practical guidance for automotive service professionals. Topics discussed include the recommended practice of installing new tires on the rear axle for better traction, tips for accurately ordering replacement mirrors given various options, and troubleshooting advice for common issues such as oil consumption, low oil pressure warnings, and exhaust gas leaks in vehicle cabins.
- Published
- 2024
43. REBUILDING HONDA'S K-SERIES ENGINES.
- Author
-
JONES, GREG
- Subjects
NODULAR iron ,CHROMIUM-cobalt-nickel-molybdenum alloys ,AIR speed ,TOOL-steel ,SPARK plugs ,VALVES - Abstract
This article provides an overview of Honda's K-series engines, specifically the K20, K24, and K20C1, and their popularity in the import market. The engines are known for their affordability, aftermarket support, and ability to produce high horsepower. The article discusses the importance of upgrading components for increased performance and durability, as well as the VTEC variable lift system used in these engines. It also highlights the rebuilding and modification process, including adjusting the camshaft centerline and upgrading certain components. The article focuses on the K20C1 engine found in the Civic Type R and its potential for high horsepower, as well as modifications that can be made to increase power. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding customer needs when building and modifying engines. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
44. THE NEWEST IN NITROUS.
- Author
-
JONES, GREG
- Subjects
MECHANICAL shock ,INTERNAL combustion engines ,FUEL systems ,GEAR pumps ,SPARK plugs - Abstract
This article provides an overview of nitrous oxide systems and their advancements in increasing engine power in performance vehicles. It discusses the technology behind nitrous systems, including electronic progressive delivery units and nitrous controllers, which have revolutionized the delivery of horsepower. The article also explores the different options available for Late Model EFI vehicles, such as nozzle systems, throttle body plate systems, and intake manifold setups. It emphasizes the importance of choosing the right nitrous system for specific intake manifold designs and provides recommendations for fuel delivery systems. The article concludes by mentioning potential upgrades and modifications needed for higher levels of nitrous horsepower and the future focus of manufacturers on developing easy-to-install and visually appealing nitrous products. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
45. TOPSIS Approach for Selecting the Most Appropriate Brand of Spark Plug
- Author
-
Pal, Kiran, Garg, Naveen Kumar, Jha, Rajan Kumar, Khan, Mumtaz Ahmad, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Haddar, Mohamed, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Jinyang, Editorial Board Member, Kumar, Anil, editor, Zunaid, Mohammad, editor, Subramanian, K. A., editor, and Lim, Heechang, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Valve Clearances and Hydraulic Lifters.
- Author
-
Shipe, Jacqueline
- Subjects
VALVES ,CHECK valves ,ENGINE cylinders ,SPARK plugs ,SPARK ignition engines - Abstract
This article from Pipers Magazine, written by Jacqueline Shipe, discusses valve clearances and hydraulic lifters in engines. It explains that most engine problems are caused by fuel or ignition issues, but sometimes internal engine parts are at fault. The article provides instructions on how to check valve clearances using feeler gauges and emphasizes the importance of accurate readings. It also explains the function of hydraulic lifters and the potential issues that can arise with them. The article concludes by mentioning the importance of checking valve wear and the potential need for valve seat replacement. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
47. CLEANING YOUR ENGINE.
- Author
-
GARBE, ERIC
- Subjects
ENGINES ,PRESSURE washing ,SPARK plugs ,LATEX gloves - Abstract
The article discusses the decline in engine colors and aesthetics in modern cars compared to older models. While older engines had distinctive colors and finishes, modern engines are mostly covered in plastic and lack visual appeal. The article argues that cleaning the engine is still important to prevent leaks and remove debris that can cause damage. It provides a step-by-step guide on how to clean an engine, including using compressed air, degreaser, and water. The article concludes by suggesting that cleaning the engine should be a regular maintenance practice. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
48. OHV, SOHC, DOHC: WHAT'S THE DIFF?
- Author
-
GARBE, ERIC
- Subjects
SPARK plugs ,COMPACT cars ,COMBUSTION chambers - Abstract
This article discusses the differences between three types of valvetrains found in engines: overhead valve (OHV), single overhead cam (SOHC), and double overhead cam (DOHC). It explains that OHV engines were popular in the early 1900s due to their low cost and simplicity, but they were inefficient and limited in power. The SOHC design eliminated pushrods and rocker arms, resulting in improved valve control and fuel economy for smaller engines. The DOHC design, with its four valves per cylinder, offered even greater performance and the ability to control camshaft timing separately. The article concludes that the DOHC design is now common in both performance and economy cars. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
49. Ploughing ITS OWN FURROW.
- Author
-
BUCKLEY, MARTIN
- Subjects
MUSCULAR sense ,ANTIQUE & classic cars ,HELICAL springs ,SPARK plugs ,FUEL pumps - Published
- 2023
50. ALFA ROMEO BRERA & SPIDER.
- Author
-
MCKAY, MALCOLM
- Subjects
HELICAL springs ,SPARK plugs ,WATER leakage - Abstract
But Alfa wanted to sell cars, hence offering both Brera and Spider in front-drive with 2.2 four-cylinder petrol and 2.4 five-pot turbodiesel engines as well as the flagship V6. THE MARKET PLACE Giorgetto Giugiaro's stunning styling exercise, unveiled at the Geneva Salon in 2002 with a Maserati V8, was just what Alfa Romeo needed - and when the production BrerawasunveiledatGeneva three years later, there was an equally showstopping Spider version, too. I've always loved Italian cars - I've had a Fiat X1/9 and an Alfa Romeo 145 Cloverleaf in the past - but I have never before owned a car about which people come over to me and say, 'What a beautiful car, what is it?. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
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