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In this work, the effect of a soybean oil-based collector on the surface properties of spodumene, feldspar, quartz, and muscovite was characterized and evaluated. By means of gas chromatography, it was determined that the reagent was composed of a mixture of carboxylic acids: linoleic (48%), oleic (28%), palmitic (13.3%), stearic (3.6%), α-linolenic (3.4%), and elaidic (3.2%). The reagent contained ~14 ppm Ca (determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy – ICP-OES) and a critical micellar concentration (CMC) of 100 mg/L. At pH 6, the spodumene recovery was 50–60% higher than the other mineral recoveries, ascribed to chemical adsorption of the collector ionic-molecular species, which has high hydrophobicity power, on Al3+ sites on the spodumene surface. For pH values >10, the recoveries of feldspar and quartz were higher than spodumene, due to their activation by hydroxyl and hydroxide of Ca and subsequent adsorption of ionic specimen of the collector. The electrokinetic potential curves of spodumene, feldspar, and muscovite with collector were shifted toward more negative values compared to their electrokinetic potential curves without reagent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed chemical adsorption of the anionic species of the collector at pH 6 with the Al3+, Fe3+, and Ca sites on the surface of aluminosilicates and Ca for quartz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Minerals & Processing / Huagong Kuangwu yu Jiagong is the property of Industrial Minerals & Processing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lithium (Li), a leading cathode material in rechargeable Li-ion batteries, is vital to modern energy storage technology, establishing it as one of the most impactful and strategical elements. Given the surge in the electric car market, it is crucial to improve lithium recovery from its rich mineral deposits using the most effective extraction technique. In recent years, both industry and academia have shown significant interest in Li recovery from various Li-bearing minerals. Of these, only extraction from spodumene has established a reliable industrial production of Li salts. The current approaches for cracking of the naturally occurring, stable α-spodumene structure into a more open structure—β-spodumene—involve the so-called decrepitation process that takes place at extreme temperatures of ~1100 °C. This conversion is necessary, as β-spodumene is more susceptible to chemical attacks facilitating Li extraction. In the last several decades, many techniques have been demonstrated and patented to process hard-rock mineral spodumene. The objective of this review is to present a thorough analysis of significant findings and the enhancement of process flowsheets over time that can be useful for both research endeavors and industrial process improvements. The review focuses on the following techniques: acid methods, alkali methods, carbonate roasting/autoclaving methods, sulfuric acid roasting/autoclaving methods, chlorinating methods, and mechanochemical activation. Recently, microwaves (MWs), as an energy source, have been employed to transform α-spodumene into β-spodumene. Considering its energy-efficient and short-duration aspects, the review discusses the interaction mechanism of MWs with solids, MW-assisted decrepitation, and Li extraction efficiencies. Finally, the merits and/or disadvantages, challenges, and prospects of the processes are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nKEY POINTSStudies of lithogeochemical dispersion haloes of rare metal pegmatites, particularly those of economic interest, are known to display strong development of haloes of rare alkali elements (Li–Rb–Cs), in particular lithium, into country rocks. The use of these haloes in exploration for pegmatites has had apparently little application in an Australian context, where it has the potential to assist exploration undercover by expanding the known ‘footprint’ of these mineral systems. Dispersion haloes have two parts: proximal (typically of centimetres to metres thickness), characterised by visible changes to mineralogy relating to metasomatism, and distal, where there are typically cryptic geochemical changes, but no changes in host mineralogy. Collation of global data have shown that the lithogeochemical haloes of large rare metal pegmatites can extend laterally at least 200 m, with a few localities giving indications extending several kilometres along strike. Lithium displays the largest haloes, with Rb and Cs typically being less extensive; other elements are mostly localised close to the pegmatite wallrock interface. These haloes are more extensive in mafic host rocks than other host-rock types. Mafic host rocks also provide the best geochemical contrast for rare alkali elements. Of the 22 datasets reviewed here, many are simply ‘proof of concept’ studies based on single sample lines and may not have had their outer limits defined. The actual distribution of these haloes is likely to be controlled by anisotropies that control host-rock permeability in the host units, with fluids emanating from the rare metal pegmatites being commonly channelled into structures or exploiting foliation or bedding. Regional-scale structures are likely to control kilometre-scale haloes. Sheet silicates and amphiboles are the most important hosts for these elements, which consequently accumulate in units or structures rich in these minerals. The actual distributions of these elements are, in most cases, likely to be irregular and complex anomalies of varying three-dimensional shapes, and thus ‘vectoring’ based on systematic changes in concentration away from a source should be treated with caution. It is important to note that given anomaly types do not indicate the presence of particular minerals, such as spodumene. The presence of these haloes in Australian Archean cratons is supported by dispersion haloes in saprolite and saprock units in deep weathering profiles and is potentially applicable to lag sampling over near fresh or unweathered host-rock units in exposed terranes.Lithogeochemical haloes of Li–Rb–Cs represent a simple exploration tool that can be readily integrated into exploration workflows by assay of host rock units in proximity to LCT granitic pegmatites.Haloes extend laterally at least 200 m and show indications of kilometre-scale anomalies relating to structurally controlled fluid flow.Haloes are spatially more extensive and show greater geochemical contrast with backgrounds, in mafic host units.These rare alkali haloes may persist into weathered host-rock units such as saprolite in regolith profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A spodumene from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has a Li2O grade of 0.86%, classifying it as a low-grade and refractory lithium ore. To achieve efficient and comprehensive utilization of this spodumene, a joint flotation - magnetic separation test was conducted. The results indicate that under the conditions of grinding fineness of -0.074 mm accounting for 75.0%, the addition of 500 g/t sodium carbonate, 140 g/t calcium chloride, 700 g/t sodium hydroxide in the ball mill, and 200 g/t sodium hydroxide in the flotation cell, along with 1 650 g/t of reagent combination A (a mixture of oxidized paraffin soap and oleic acid in a mass ratio of 1:3), a closed-circuit test with roughing once, scavenging twice, cleaning three times, and magnetic separation once produced a non-magnetic product with a Li2O grade of 5.67% and a Li2O recovery rate of 77.71%. Additionally, a magnetic product with a Li2O grade of 4.51% and a Li2O recovery rate of 10.51% was obtained. The test results are favorable, providing a valuable reference for the comprehensive utilization of spodumene resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Lijiagou pegmatite-type lithium spodumene deposit is one of the typical deposits in the Ke'eryin ore field, located in the central part of the Songpan-Ganzi fold belt in Sichuan Province, China. Through recent explo-ration and assessment, the Lijiagou deposit has been identified as a super-large spodumene deposit, drawing significant attention from domestic and international scholars. The mineral processing characteristics of the Lijiagou deposit vary with elevation, necessitating an accurate evaluation of the industrial value of the ore. Based on detailed microscopic and hand specimen observations, this study employs various methods and techniques, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), chemical element analysis, chemical phase analysis, and the mineral liberation analyzer system (MLA). These methods and techniques are used to determine the composition of the ore, identify the types and occurrence states of beneficial and harmful elements, and clarify the ore's processing properties. The results will provide theoretical and technical support for the comprehensive utilization of rare metal resources in the region. The average grade of lithium ore is 0.94%, with approximately 84. 7% of Li derived from spodumene. The average grade of Rb2O is 0.13%, meeting the industrial-grade requirements for comprehensive recovery of associated elements. The spodumene exhibits a wide range of grain sizes and is highly heterogeneous, requiring multiple stages of grinding. Based on the liberation characteristics, it is recommended to grind the material to -0.075 mm before entering the final flotation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Extractive Metallurgy) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Spodumene (LiAlSi2O6) has gained attention due to its versatile applications, which include ionizing radiation dosimetry, observed in either monoclinic (α-spodumene) or tetragonal (β-spodumene) symmetries. β-spodumene has been produced by solid-state reactions and conventional sol–gel methods, which are challenging due to the need for high temperatures and costly reagents, respectively. Alternative routes like the Pechini method and proteic sol–gel methods are promising because they can reduce production costs and environmental pollution. This paper aims to synthesize and characterize β-spodumene using a new sol–gel route assisted by whey protein. In this method, proteins act as chelating agents, aiding in the formation of stable colloidal solutions (sol) containing inorganic precursors. These solutions undergo gelation processes to form a solid connected porous structure (gel), which can then be thermally treated to promote crystallization and obtain the desired material. The process involved subjecting the material to thermal treatments exceeding 800 °C, leading to the crystallization of β-spodumene structure at 1000 °C. Additionally, a thermal treatment at 1100 °C facilitated the elimination of residual sulfur (S) resulting from protein combustion. For sample characterizations, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements were performed. Preliminary results indicate that β-spodumene was successfully synthesized using the new sol–gel route assisted by whey protein. The potential of whey protein as an eco-friendly chelating agent is highlighted, suggesting possible environmental benefits and paving the way for future advancements in this research area. Highlights: β-spodumene was effectively synthesized by a new sol–gel route assisted by whey protein. Crystalline structure of β-spodumene formed at 1000 °C. Eco-friendly approach using whey protein as a chelating agent in the sol–gel method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an article in the field of mineral processing engineering. A pegmatitic lithium polymetallic mine in Xinjiang Province, in which the main target mineral is spodumene, accompanied by a small amount of niobium-tantalite, and the gangue minerals are mainly feldspar, quartz and mica. In this article, the DMS test is carried out for the spodumene ore firstly. The middling of DMS and the fine sample of -0.6 mm are combined as feed for flotation test. After grinding the feed, the systematic flotation tests were carried out. Finally, as to the raw ore containing Li2O 1.68%, by adopting the combined technology of DMS-Flotation, the dense medium concentrate obtained contains Li2O 6.5% and 51.58% of recovery, the flotation concentrate obtained contains Li2O 5.37%, and 31.94% of recovery. The total concentrate contains Li2O 6.02%, and the recovery is 83.52%. DMS for this spodumene ore can directly produce high-grade concentrate with a recovery of 50%, and discard tailings with a yield of 43%, which can greatly save the cost of crushing grinding.

This is an article in the field of mineral processing engineering. Lithium ore is an important strategic resource in China. At present, flotation is the most commonly used method for the separation of lithium ore. In this article, the crystal structure characteristics of spodumene and its interaction mechanism with flotation agent are discussed from the point of view of spodumene crystal structure. This article describes it from seven aspects: metal cationic activator, organic inhibitor, inorganic inhibitor, anionic collector, cationic collector, mixed collector and new collector. It is of great significance to understand the characteristics of the interaction between spodumene and reagents, to develop new and efficient flotation reagents and to optimize the mineral processing process.

Lithium contributes to development of high-tech industries around the globe. This article examines economic prospects of the Ukrainian lithium resources in the context of general trends existing on the world market. An overview and analysis of different aspects such as the world market specifics and current trends, size and ore quality of the European pegmatite deposits, economics of lithium-bearing minerals and commercial requirements to the quality of lithium concentrates are given. Pegmatite deposits prospects are categorized according to their estimated reserves. Main types of lithium-ion batteries are described and their preferences for a particular mineral lithium commodity is characterised. Separately, economic significance of the Ukrainian deposits is shown based on comparison between petalite and spodumene pegmatites. It is shown that under conditions of the same method of lithium processing and extraction, the production costs for one tonne of lithium carbonate from petalite concentrate are 1.7 times higher that from spodumene. At the same time, in terms of mineral grades and ore body extensions petalite deposits are comparable with those of many spodumene ones. The higher costs related to lower lithium content per tonne of concentrate are offset by the petalite’s superior purity during the hydrometallurgical processing stage and the requirement of less waste removal during physical concentration. Two important deposits for the Ukrainian industry, Shevchenkivske and Polokhivske, are compared in light of their economic framework. These deposits have been studied to relative detail and are most attractive for mining. Shevchenkivske deposits is localized in the Priazovskiy megablock, Polokhivske – in Ingulskiy megablock (accordingly, Western Priazovskiy and Central Ukrainian metallogenic districts). The ores of the specified deposits are suitable for production of monomineral concentrates with their further processing to lithium chemical products – lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide. Mineral resources of these deposits have been estimated to a depth of 500 m from the surface. Considerable prospects and challenges for lithium extraction from the Ukrainian deposits is shown.

This article examines the distribution of minor and trace elements in colorless beryl from the Pashki deposit in Afghanistan. The study found that the lithium content in the beryl from this deposit is higher than in other pegmatites, making it a useful indicator for prospecting lithium-rich pegmatites in the region. The article also discusses the distribution of other elements in the crystal growth zones of beryl, suggesting the presence of sector zoning. This sector zoning may indicate differences in the growth mechanisms of different crystal faces. [Extracted from the article]

The Barroso–Alvão region is an excellent setting for studying Li mineralization associated with granitic pegmatites and developing Li exploration techniques. Among the distinguished pegmatite types in this pegmatite field, the spodumene-bearing dyke from Alijó is a representative example of an Iberian Li–Cs–Ta (LCT) pegmatite currently under exploitation. In this work, we examine the internal evolution of the Alijó dyke and its external metasomatic effect on the surrounding metasediments, contributing to lithium exploration techniques. Electron microprobe analyses provided clues about the crystallization conditions and the degree of differentiation of the pegmatitic melt, whereas the external metasomatism induced by the spodumene-bearing pegmatite was studied through whole-rock geochemistry. The obtained results indicate that the primary crystallization of the studied dyke likely occurred at temperatures between 450–500 °C, with emplacement at shallow crustal levels of about 2–3 kbar. The high concentrations of trace elements such as Li, Cs, Rb, Be, Sn, Nb, Ta, Ge, U, and Tl in the pegmatitic melt suggests high availability of these elements, allowing their partitioning into an early exsolved fluid phase. The exsolution of this fluid phase, subtracting components such as F and B, from the pegmatitic melt would cause a significant undercooling of the melt. Moreover, the interaction of this expelled fluid with the country rock generated a metasomatic overprint in the surrounding metasedimentary host rocks. The metasomatic effect in Alijó is strongly influenced by the nature of the host metasediments, with a significantly higher grade of metasomatism observed in pelitic (mica-rich) samples compared to psammitic (mica-poor) samples collected at same distances from the dyke. The greisen developed close to the pegmatite contact reflects this metasomatic signature, characterized by the mobilization of at least B, F, Li, Rb, Cs, Sn, Be, Nb, Ta, and Tl. We cautiously suggest that whole rock Li concentrations greater than 300 ppm, combined with a minimum value of 1000 ppm for the sum of B, F, Li, Rb, Cs, and Sn in pelitic metasediments of Barroso–Alvão, may be indicative of a mineralized pegmatite in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources / Kuangchan Zonghe Liyong is the property of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources / Kuangchan Zonghe Liyong is the property of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the rapid increase in lithium consumption for electric vehicle applications, its price soared during the past decade. To secure a reliable and cost-effective supply chain, it is critical to unlock alternative lithium extraction resources beyond conventional brine. In this study, we develop an electrochemical method to directly leach lithium from α-phase spodumene. We find the H2O2 promoter can significantly reduce the leaching potential by facilitating the electron transfer and changing the reaction path. Upon leaching, β-phase spodumene shows a typical phase transformation to HAlSi2O6, while leached α-phase remains its original crystal phase with a lattice shrinkage. To demonstrate the scale-up potential of electrochemical leaching, we design a catalyst-modified high-throughput current collector for high loading of suspended spodumene, achieving a leaching current of 18 mA and a leaching efficiency of 92.2%. Electrochemical leaching will revolutionize traditional leaching and recycling processes by minimizing the environmental footprint and energy consumption. Sustainable harvesting of lithium is critical to the success of the entire battery industry. Here, the authors report an electrochemical leaching method which can directly extract lithium from natural state spodumene ores with low energy consumption, environmental impact, and high efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Central Altun orogenic system is a result of the amalgamation of multiple micro-continental blocks and island arcs. This complex system originated from subduction–accretion–collision processes in the Proto-Tethys Ocean during the Early Paleozoic. Research has reported the discovery of several Li-Be granitic pegmatite deposits in the Central Altun Block, including the North Tugeman granitic pegmatite Li-Be deposit, Tugeman granitic pegmatite Be deposit, Tashisayi granitic pegmatite Li deposit, South Washixia granitic pegmatite Li deposit, and Tamuqie granitic pegmatite Li deposit. The Tashidaban granitic pegmatite Li deposit has been newly discovered along the northern margin of the Central Altun Block. Field and geochemical studies of the Tashidaban granitic pegmatite Li deposit indicate: (1) Spodumene pegmatites and elbaite pegmatites, as Li-bearing granitic pegmatites that form the Tashidaban granitic pegmatite Li deposit, intrude into the two-mica schist, and marble of the Muzisayi Formation of the Tashidaban Group. (2) Columbite–tantalite group minerals and zircon U-Pb dating results indicate that the mineralization age of Tashidaban Li granitic pegmatites is 450.2 ± 2.4 Ma with a superimposed magmatic event at around 418–422 Ma later. (3) Whole-rock geochemical results indicate that the Kumudaban rock sequence belongs to the S-type high-K to calc-alkaline granites and the Tashidaban Li granitic pegmatites originated from the extreme differentiation by fractional crystallization of the Kumdaban granite pluton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium contributes to development of high-tech industries around the globe. This article examines economic prospects of the Ukrainian lithium resources in the context of general trends existing on the world market. An overview and analysis of different aspects such as the world market specifics and current trends, size and ore quality of the European pegmatite deposits, economics of lithium-bearing minerals and commercial requirements to the quality of lithium concentrates are given. Pegmatite deposits prospects are categorized according to their estimated reserves. Main types of lithium-ion batteries are described and their preferences for a particular mineral lithium commodity is characterised. Separately, economic significance of the Ukrainian deposits is shown based on comparison between petalite and spodumene pegmatites. It is shown that under conditions of the same method of lithium processing and extraction, the production costs for one tonne of lithium carbonate from petalite concentrate are 1.7 times higher that from spodumene. At the same time, in terms of mineral grades and ore body extensions petalite deposits are comparable with those of many spodumene ones. The higher costs related to lower lithium content per tonne of concentrate are offset by the petalite's superior purity during the hydrometallurgical processing stage and the requirement of less waste removal during physical concentration. Two important deposits for the Ukrainian industry, Shevchenkivske and Polokhivske, are compared in light of their economic framework. These deposits have been studied to relative detail and are most attractive for mining. Shevchenkivske deposits is localized in the Priazovskiy megablock, Polokhivske -- in Ingulskiy megablock (accordingly, Western Priazovskiy and Central Ukrainian metallogenic districts). The ores of the specified deposits are suitable for production of monomineral concentrates with their further processing to lithium chemical products -- lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide. Mineral resources of these deposits have been estimated to a depth of 500 m from the surface. Considerable prospects and challenges for lithium extraction from the Ukrainian deposits is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to enhance the utilisation efficiency of lithium slag (LS) in cement-based materials, calcification and thermal activation of LS were conducted, and the activation mechanism was analysed. Results showed that gypsum and spodumene in LS decomposed at high temperature by way of calcification and thermal activation, and spodumene as well as limestone calcination decomposed at high temperature, to generate more CS, CA and other mineral phases. Calcification and thermal activation could enhance the activity of LS to participate in pozzolanic reaction, and generate the formation of more hydration products. After calcification and thermal activation of LS, the hydration exothermic peak, the total amount of hydration heat and the hydration production of LS composite binder were significantly increased. The hardened matrix was more compact with less porosity. Compared with cement mortar incorporating raw LS, the incorporation of calcified and thermally activated LS enhanced the compressive strength of cement mortar at 3, 7 and 28 days by 25.8, 13.4 and 20.5%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Minerals & Processing / Huagong Kuangwu yu Jiagong is the property of Industrial Minerals & Processing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The widespread Cenozoic Himalayan leucogranites (HLs) are representative rocks evolving from relatively pure crust-derived melts with few mantle material inputs and are believed to be highly fractionated and rare-metal mineralization developed. Over the past several decades, high-quality geochronological and geochemical analyses for the HLs have facilitated exploring the metamorphism, deformation, anatexis, and tectonic settings, enabling us to decipher the evolution process of the Himalayan orogen. In this study, we collected a large amount of geochronological, geochemical, and thermodynamic data from previous studies. Generally, the HLs exhibit (strongly) peraluminous (1.06–1.22) features and are characterized by high SiO2 (70.95–75.08 wt. %) and Al2O3 (14.18–15.85 wt. %) and low TiO2 (0.02–0.26 wt. %), MgO (0.07–0.73 wt. %), MnO (0.01–0.07 wt. %), and total iron (FeOT = 0.44–1.71 wt. %) contents, and are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (e.g. K, Rb, Pb, U). Moreover, rare-metal elements (Li, Be, Ta, W, Sn) also show their enrichments in the HLs; and the deviations of K/Rb (72.16–190.45), Zr/Hf (15.00–35.19), Nb/Ta (2.65–12.75), and Y/Ho (26.07–36.75) ratios from the chondritic values are also notable. All these geochemical structures above suggest that the HLs are (highly) fractionated. Considering the diverging whole-rock isotopic Sr and Nd compositions of the HLs, with the (87Sr/86Sr)t ratios and εNd(t) values mostly ranging from 0.7159 to 0.8052 and −16.78 to −10.43, respectively, the source rocks of the HLs should be multiplex. Additionally, different melting mechanisms (including fluid-absent/present partial melting of muscovite, biotite, and hornblende) can be identified in the HL productions. The occurrences of beryl (Be), columbite (Nb and Ta), spodumene (Li), and many other rare-metal minerals have been frequently reported recently, suggesting the enrichment of rare-metal elements associated with the HLs. To provide a comprehensive and meticulous summary of these HLs (1593 leucogranite samples), we divide them into five stages based on different tectonic backgrounds. After comparing them, we propose that: (1) from Stage I to V, the HL emplacements were strongly related to the tectonic backgrounds: thickened crust from ca. 49 to 40 Ma (I), transition from compression to N-S extension (onset of the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS)) from ca. 39 to 30 Ma (II), large-scale N-S extension (active movement of the STDS) from ca. 29 to 15 Ma (III), N-S extension to E-W extension tectonic transition (construction of N-S trending rifts (NSTRs)) from ca. 14 to 7 Ma (IV) and rapid uplift of two Himalayan syntaxes from ca. 6 to 2 Ma (V), respectively; (2) the coeval leucogranites emplaced in the Tethyan Himalayas (THLs) and Greater Himalayas (GHLs) had many similarities (particularly in Stages III and IV) in: geochemical compositions, peak emplacement ages, tectonic backgrounds, melting mechanisms, source domains, and fractional crystallization degrees; (3) materials from the Lesser Himalayan Sequence were increasingly significant in producing the HLs from the Eocene to the Pleistocene temporally, and from the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence to the Greater Himalayan Crystalline Complex spatially; (4) owing to the depleted abundances of rare-metal elements in mafic source rocks (e.g. amphibolites) and relatively lower fractional crystallization degrees of the Eocene leucogranites, rare-metal mineralization was rarely reported; (5) excessive fractional crystallization may be the dominant driving force for enriching rare-metal elements (Li-Be-Nb-Ta-W-Sn) of the HLs, making the Himalayas a new potential global orogen scale of polymetallic ore belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the negative impact of temperature on spodumene flotation from the perspective of the gas–liquid interface of sodium oleate (NaOL) solutions. Micro-flotation tests revealed a significant decrease in the flotation recovery of spodumene when NaOL was employed as a collector, dropping from 55.3% at 305.4 K to 5.1% at 277.3 K as the temperature decreased. A strong linear correlation between the surface tension of the NaOL solution and temperature was established. As the temperature decreased, the surface tension of 6 × 10−5 mol/L NaOL increased from 37.88 mN/m at 294.9 K to 40.71 mN/m at 281.9 K, while its critical micelle concentration decreased from 9.49 × 10−4 mol/L at 305.0 K to 6.85 × 10−4 mol/L at 288.0 K. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicated that a decrease in temperature resulted in an enhancement of intermolecular action forces, a more compacted interfacial structure, and weakened molecular thermal motion at the gas–liquid interface of the NaOL solution. These variations were found to be the main reason for the rise in the surface tension of the NaOL solution as the temperature decreased, which in turn lowered its efficiency, resulting in a decrease in the flotation efficiency of spodumene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mining industry plays a pivotal role in the global transition towards clean energy, driven by the escalating demand for critical elements like lithium. However, this growth raises profound environmental concerns, particularly regarding land use, global warming potential, water consumption, acidification, eutrophication, and toxicity. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has historically relied on approximations and theoretical methods, resulting in systematic underestimations of these impacts. This study begins to address part of this discrepancy by leveraging remote sensing technologies to gather empirical evidence. Focusing on the Greenbushes mining site in Australia, a comprehensive investigation was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the direct land use impact from satellite imagery over the life of the project. Comparative analyses were performed against various mid-point Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) methods. The findings unequivocally reveal a substantial under-reporting of the land use impact, highlighting the critical need for more accurate assessments in the context of mining activities. This research underscores the importance of empirical data in refining our understanding of the environmental footprint associated with mining operations, particularly in the critical context of clean energy transition. The study emphasises the imperative to reevaluate and adjust existing approaches to accurately account for the full scope of environmental impacts associated with mining operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spodumene flotation stands as the most commonly used method to concentrate lithium minerals. However, it faces significant challenges related to low collector recoveries and similarity in the surface characteristics of the minerals, which make the effective separation of this valuable mineral difficult. For this reason, numerous researchers have conducted studies to address and confront this problem. In this work, an exhaustive bibliographic search was carried out using keywords and search queries, and the results were structured in three sections according to temporal, methodological, and thematic criteria. The first section covers the period from 1950 to 2004, focusing on experimental tests. The second section covers from 2004 to the present and focuses on flotation tests and measurement analysis. Simultaneously, the third section spans from 2011 to the present and is based on molecular dynamics simulations. Topics covered include spodumene surface properties, the influence of metal ions, pre-treatment techniques, and the use of collectors. Ultimately, molecular dynamics simulations are positioned as a tool that accurately represents experimental phenomena. In this context, specialized software such as Materials Studio or Gromacs prove to be reliable instruments that allow a detailed study of mineral surfaces and other elements to be carried out, which justifies their consideration for future research in this scientific field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Brown Derby pegmatite group in Gunnison County, Colorado is known for its unique pegmatites that contain rare minerals, including tourmaline and beryl. The article provides a historical overview of mining activities in the area, as well as recent leasing and mining activities for lithium extraction. The geology of the pegmatite field is described, with a focus on the Brown Derby No. 1 pegmatite, which is a source of various minerals such as lepidolite, tourmaline, beryl, and columbite-tantalite. The pegmatite is of interest to collectors and scientists, but permission is required to visit due to current claims on the area. [Extracted from the article]

Lithium isotope measurement in spodumene by femtosecond LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS was investigated and the influence of plasma operating conditions and data reduction strategy on accuracy and precision was studied. It was found that "hot" plasma conditions led to an unstable baseline signal and substantial variations in the Li isotope ratios. By adding a constant amount of water to the carrier gas, a stable baseline was achieved and isotope ratios became reproducible and were consistent with data from solution‐based MC‐ICP‐MS. The resulting biases were within ± 0.51‰ and the reproducibility was better than 0.09‰. Comparison of Li isotope ratios resulting from different data evaluation schemes showed that the mean of the transient intensity ratios, integration of the entire or a user‐defined period of the ion signals resulted in good agreement with solution‐based data, while linear regression underestimated the Li isotope ratios. It was also found that "cool" plasma operation produced a stable baseline signal, but the Li isotope results were biased by up to ‐4.3%, irrespective of water introduction and the data evaluation scheme. With the optimised "hot‐wet" conditions, the Li isotope ratios in eleven spodumene materials were determined which successfully allowed distinguishing regional deposits and partially veins of the available samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium recovery from β-spodumene was conducted using a hydrometallurgical process consisting of water leaching and calcination. Water leaching experiments were conducted using a mixture of β-spodumene and CaO. The effect of experimental parameters such as the particle size of β-spodumene, reaction temperature, reaction time, and mass ratio of CaO to β-spodumene on the lithium leaching efficiency was investigated. The Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 in the leach residue were converted to CaO by calcination at 900°C. The calcined product was recycled into in the leaching process to recover additional lithium. Four leaching stages based on a 75-μm particle undersize, reaction temperature of 100°C, 3:1 mass ratio of CaO to β-spodumene, and overall reaction time of 9 h resulted in 97% lithium yield from spodumene. The process developed in this work succeeded in reducing the overall amount of chemicals used relative to the conventional spodumene treatment process, allowing for the effective leaching of lithium through a simple hydrometallurgical process. In addition, given that the final leach residue consisted of Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3, it could be reused in the water leaching process following calcination, further contributing to the sustainability of the proposed process [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spodumene, a significant lithium extraction source, is primarily extracted from gangue minerals such as feldspar and quartz through flotation. Flotation is a process that relies on the difference in physicochemical properties of mineral surfaces. Therefore, it can be utilized to enhance the floatability of spodumene by means of surface pretreatment. Based on the crystal structure characteristics of spodumene and its associated gangue minerals, the main pretreatment methods and their effects on spodumene flotation were summarized in this paper. In the process of grinding, various grinding methods, media, and regulators have an impact on the spodumene flotation by influencing the generation of cleavage planes and the relative contents of Al on the surface. In addition, the pretreatment conducted prior to flotation can also influence the spodumene flotation by means of selective dissolution. Currently, the most widely used pretreatment method prior to spodumene flotation is high-intensity scrubbing, which influenced by various factors, including the type of pulp environment, scrubbing speed, and duration. Notably, scrubbing under high alkali conditions has become a common practice in industrial flotation processes. However, the presence of a high alkali condition poses significant challenges for the subsequent treatment of tailings and the reuse of wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for lithium in energy storage systems has risen dramatically due to the development of renewable energy technology, portable devices, and electric cars. The current review focuses on the existing worldwide resources of lithium ore, along with the production, demand, and mineralogy of lithium-bearing minerals, in addition to lithium recovery from hard pegmatite ore using different beneficiation techniques. Lithium ore is beneficiated using various methods, including magnetic separation, gravity concentration, electrostatic separation, and flotation to separate gangue minerals. Flotation is the most frequently utilized beneficiation technique. It is found that gravity concentration and flotation are the main beneficiation methods used in many plants around the world. In flotation, reagent chemistry, surface properties, and water quality were critical in spodumene's efficient recovery. A summary of several reagent regimes, surface properties, flotation conditions, and prospective future studies for technical viability are provided. The current review paper also discusses the beneficiation flowsheet widely used to recover spodumene, lepidolite, and petalite from pegmatite ore. Also, it is tried to discuss the key future research areas along with the cost economics aspect of processing such ore deposits to recover lithium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracting lithium from spodumene by sulfuric acid roasting is the largest commercialized way at present, which not only consumes a large amount of energy but also produces massive waste residue that will cause environmental problems. In this work, a new process for extracting lithium by directly decomposing α‐spodumene through alkali calcination is designed. The reaction of α‐spodumene with Na2CO3 at 750 °C for 2 h can decompose it and form nepheline and lithium silicate/sodium silicate. The nepheline and soluble lithium silicate/sodium silicate are separated by water leaching, and 93.9 % of lithium can be leached under optimal conditions. In addition, the synthesis of nano‐kaolinite is investigated with nitric acid solutions. Conversions of 98.7 % were obtained with 0.4 M nitric acid at 250 °C and an L/S ratio of 17.5 L/kg. The water leachate can precipitate Li2CO3 with a purity of 99.0 % by CO2 after desilicated by CaO. The final yields of Li2CO3 and kaolinite relative to the Li and Si content of the starting minerals are 91.4 % and 48.5 %, respectively. This new method achieves the full utilization of spodumene with lower energy consumption and demonstrates great potential for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the history and significance of gem mining in southern California, specifically focusing on the pegmatite deposits in San Diego County and southern Riverside County. The region was once a leading source of gem tourmaline and spodumene in the early 20th century, but was later surpassed by discoveries in other parts of the world. However, commercial gem mining has experienced a resurgence in the past two decades, particularly in San Diego County. The article also highlights the production of other gems such as beryl, topaz, garnet, quartz, and apatite in the region. The author emphasizes that gem mining in southern California is still ongoing and new discoveries are being made. [Extracted from the article]

The Lijiagou pegmatite spodumene deposit, located in the middle of the Songpan–Garze Fold Belt and southeast of the Ke'eryin ore field, is a newly discovered super-large deposit. In order to reveal the metallogenic tectonic environment and evolution process of pegmatite, based on the study of the geological characteristics of pegmatite, we carried out a whole-rock geochemical analysis of Ke'eryin two-mica granite and Lijiagou pegmatite and carried out a detailed electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) analysis of mica minerals in each zonal pegmatite. The results show that the Ke'eryin two-mica granite is mainly formed in the transition period from syn-collision to post-collision. After the end of the continental collision, the crust is squeezed and thickened in the post-collision extensional transition tectonic environment. Mica from the microcline pegmatite zone (MP) to the albite spodumene pegmatite zone (ASP) in pegmatite show different compositions and structural characteristics, with the evolution trend in the direction from muscovite to Li-bearing mica. The type of mica from MP to AP is mainly muscovite, and Li-bearing mica appears in ASP, which is secondary and metasomatic at the edge of primary muscovite. From MP to ASP, there was a negative correlation between Nb/Ta, K/Rb and the Li, Rb, and Cs contents of mica, while the contents of Li, Rb, Cs, and F in the Li-bearing mica of ASP increased sharply. This evidence illustrates that the favorable tectonic environment contributed to the formation of the Lijiagou pegmatitic spodumene deposit. Lijiagou pegmatite experienced the magmatic–hydrothermal evolution process and has a high degree of differentiation and evolution from MP to ASP, which gradually increased. Combined with the change in mica type, it is considered that ASP formed from the stage of magmatic transition to hydrothermal and was a hydrothermal environment, and Li, Rb, and Cs mainly began to enrich at the stage of magmatic–hydrothermal transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: The fifth part of the publication "Lithium in the depths of Ukraine" is devoted to the mineralogy of lithium — silicates and phosphates, but without lithium micas, which, together with other micas, are described in Part 4. Here, the following lithium minerals are characterized in varying detail (the Li2O content of the mineral (mas. %) is given in parentheses after the formula): eucryptite — LiAl[SiO4] (11.80), elbaite Na(Al,Li)3Al6(BO3)3(F,OH)4[Si6O18] (1.1—1.4); spodumene — LiAl[Si2O6] (5.9—7.6); holmquistite Li3Mg3Al2(OH)2[Si8O22] (2.1—3.5); petalite — Li[AlSi4O10] (2.0—4.1); margarite — CaAl2(OH)2[Si2Al2O10]-(Li,Be) (1.82); donbasite — Al2[(Si3Al)O10](OH)2·Al2.33(OH)6 (0.1—3.0); cukeite (Al,Li)3Al2[(Si,,Al)4O10](OH)8 (0.8—4.3); triphillite — Li(Fe2+,Mn2+)[PO4] (5.51—8.62); lithiophyllite — Li(Mn2+,Fe2+)[PO4] (5.50—8.60); amblygonite LiAl(F)[PO4] (6.4—9.0); montebrasite — LiAl(OH)[PO4] (10.7—11.1); simferite — Li(Mg,Fe3+,Mn3+)2.0[PO4] (5.35—5.45). The description of these minerals is supplemented by a summary table of the mineral composition of rare metal pegmatites, selected according to the quantitative ratio of the main ore minerals — spodumene and petalite. The latter are not the first phases of crystallization of the pegmatite melt, so their distribution in space is close to the following pattern: the highest content of ore minerals is concentrated between the peripheral zones and cores of pegmatites. Spodumene and petalite of Ukrainian pegmatites, in comparison with similar minerals of large global lithium deposits, differ in the following features: 1) smaller sizes of mineral individuals; 2) greater xenomorphism of mineral individuals; 3) a weaker manifestation of isomorphic substitutions of atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This review presents a preliminary account of the Lithium exploration sector in the Paleoproterozoic rocks of West Africa, a relatively new field of research, and assesses its future prospects in light of the green transition-driven demand for the metal. The deposits in Ghana, Mali, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, and Niger form the basis of this study. The WAC predominantly possesses LCT pegmatites while a few with hybrid LCT + NYF characteristics have been reported, such as the Mangodara pegmatite district in southeastern Burkina Faso. The terrane'sanalysed pegmatite deposits contain 1.11--2.0% Li2O. The pegmatites may form as a swarm of dykes in peraluminous granites of varied composition formed from Eburnean continent -- continent collision. They typically contain spodumene, quartz, feldspar, muscovite, lepidolite, beryl, tourmaline, and fluorite. Spodumene is the most prevalent lithium-bearing mineral in the deposits, with the occurence of rare secondary lepidolite and zinnwaldite. Dyke thickness, ranging from 10 to 80 metres, may affect the pegmatites' lithium-bearing potential. Hydrothermal alteration albitizes and greisenizes pegmatitic structures. Despite the pegmatites' varied genetic features, the Goulamina and Issia deposits in La Cote d'Ivoire have an inferred genetic link with their host granites. The WAC's Paleoproterozoic lithium-bearing pegmatites share certain traits that make them easier to extract. Lithium exploration in West Africa depends on geological investigations, technological improvements, investor funding, and environmental concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium is an essential element in the current energy paradigm shift. Therefore, Li extraction from mineral sources has become a scientific and technological priority. Industrially, the mineral α-spodumene is heated to 1100 °C to obtain phase β and then digested with concentrated sulfuric acid at 250 °C. As an alternative, the extraction of Li from α-spodumene with molten NH 4 HF 2 has been proposed as an efficient alternative method at low temperature (∼160 °C). However, the LiF obtained requires an acid leaching step to be solubilized and to separate the Li from other products. This research presents the modeling and optimization of the acid leaching operating parameters of the LiF/(NH 4) 3 AlF 6 mixture. This mixture was obtained by processing α-spodumene with NH 4 HF 2 at low temperatures. The solids were characterized by XRD, SEM/EDS, and the Rietveld method. The leaching operating parameters investigated were solid/liquid ratio, sulfuric acid concentration, and leaching time. (NH 4) 3 AlF 6 dissolution and Li extraction were analyzed and modeled separately using artificial neural networks and least squares, respectively. The optimization stage of the process leads to (NH 4) 3 AlF 6 dissolution of 99% and Li extractions of 93%, working with 6% (v/v) sulfuric acid solution and an S/L ratio of 30 g/L for 24 min [Display omitted] • The LiF/(NH 4) 3 AlF 6 mixture is obtained by processing spodumene with NH 4 HF 2. • The LiF/(NH 4) 3 AlF 6 dissolution is analyzed in an acid medium. • Predictive models for LiF and (NH 4) 3 AlF 6 dissolution are presented. • Leaching time, S/L ratio, and acid concentration are analyzed. • The optimal conditions tested led to Li extractions of 93%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of lithium from spodumene ores generates huge amounts of residues mainly composed of aluminosilicates. The main objective of the present study was to synthesize NaX zeolites with good ion-exchange capacity from these aluminosilicate residues, without using the fusion step or chemically modifying their initial Si/Al ratio. A physico-chemical (chemical composition, sorption capacity) and mineralogical (XRD, SEM) characterization of the zeolite synthesized using the conventional hydrothermal process (Process_1) was performed and compared with zeolite produced using a fusion step followed by a hydrothermal treatment process (Process_2) and commercial zeolite 13X. Then, the effect of operating parameters such as aging time and temperature, crystallization time and solid/liquid ratio on the sorption capacities of the synthesized zeolites using the conventional hydrothermal process was assessed. Initial aluminosilicate residues were mainly composed of Al2O3 (24.6%) and SiO2 (74.0%), while containing low amounts of potential contaminants (<1.6%). Based on its chemical composition, the fine fraction (<53 µm) was identified as the most suitable fraction to produce zeolites, while coarser fractions which contained higher Li content can be used to produce glass and ceramics. Physico-chemical and mineralogical characterization results show that zeolite produced using the conventional hydrothermal process (Process_1) had similar properties compared to zeolites 13X. Therefore, Process_1 was identified as the most performant while reducing operating costs related to alkaline fusion pre-treatments, which did not significantly improve zeolite properties. Finally, the optimum conditions for converting the residues into zeolite NaX, which had an ion-exchange capacity of 58 mg Ca/g were 8 h of aging at 75 °C and 16 h of crystallization at 100 °C, with a solid/liquid ratio of 1/10 (w/v). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study of a newly discovered pollucite-lepidolite-albite granite (PLAG) in the Himalayan leucogranite belt, which marks the first occurrence of pollucite, a major cesium silicate mineral, in the Himalayan orogenic belt (China). The rock appears at the northern part of the Gyirong pluton, coexisting with the tourmaline-bearing two-mica granite (TMG). Primary rare-metal minerals include lepidolite (Li), spodumene (Li), pollucite (Cs), cassiterite (Sn), and microlite (Ta). Micas, mainly lithian muscovite to lepidolite, contain 4.07 wt.% Li2O and 0.76 wt.% Rb2O on average. The average Li2O content of the spodumene is 7.95 wt.%. Pollucite not only has an average Cs2O content of 34 wt.%, but also has an elevated Rb2O content of about 0.16 wt.%. Notably, this granite attains industrial grades for rare metals, specifically with Li2O, Rb2O, and Cs2O contents of 0.49–1.19 wt.%, 0.12–0.24 wt.%, and 0.69–2.33 wt.%, respectively. Dating results of magmatic accessory cassiterite and monazite indicated that the PLAG was formed at 19–18 Ma, slightly later than the TMG (22–20 Ma) of the Gyirong pluton. Thus, these two types of granites may form within the same magmatic system considering their pulsating intrusive contact, formation ages, and whole-rock and mineral chemical compositions. Furthermore, the abundant presence of pollucite suggests that the PLAG experienced high degrees of magmatic fractionation. In comparison to the Pusila spodumene pegmatite in the Himalaya and the Yashan topaz-lepidolite granite in Jiangxi, South China, the Gyirong PLAG exhibits different whole-rock and mineral compositions, resulting from differences in source materials and fractionation processes. Notably, the difference in fluorine (F) content may determine the degree of rare-metal element enrichment. The discovery of Gyirong PLAG highlights multiple stages and types of rare-metal mineralization in the Himalayan leucogranite belt, which is controlled by the South Tibetan Detachment System. The Cs-bearing geyserite deposit exposed along the Yarlung-Zangbo River, together with Himalayan leucogranites, constitutes two systems of rare-metal elements migration and enrichment. These two systems reflect the interaction among Earth systems across time and space, emphasizing how the Himalayan orogeny controls mineralization. As a result, the Himalayan leucogranite belt has considerable prospecting potential for cesium and rubidium resources and may be a crucial area for future exploration and resource utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kenticha pegmatite field comprises suites of barren to fertile pegmatite swarms. It shows textural, mineralogical, and geochemical variations. The pegmatites are structurally controlled and emplaced in mafic–ultramafic belts during the Neoproterozoic. This study aims to constrain the genetic and tectonic setting of the Kenticha rare-metal (RM) pegmatite and the associated granite. The presence of minerals such as biotite, muscovite, spodumene, spessartine-almandine garnet, gahnite, beryl, tourmaline, cordierite, and topaz indicate the peraluminous nature of the granite and associated pegmatites. The Kenticha rare-metal granite-pegmatite shows ASI > 1.1, low V, Y, very low Sr, Ba, Th, Zr and REE, very high Be, Li, Rb, Cs, Ga, Nb, and Ta than the upper continental crust. The parental two-mica granite has higher Co, Rb, Ba, and Ce and lower V, Zr, Y, Nb, Ni, La, Pb, Sr, and Th than the upper continental crust. The Ta/Nb value in the two-mica granite is nearly equal to the average upper crustal value. In both parental granite and pegmatites, the normative corundum (C) is greater than 1%. The P2O5 content is low in the assumed parental granite. However, in the main ore body, the P2O5 content increases towards the more fractionated pegmatite. Due to its peraluminous character and high content of Be, Cs, Li, Ta, and Rb, we can categorise the granite-pegmatite under the LCT subclass of the rare-element pegmatite. It's associated with S-type granite. HFSE and LIL elements show characteristics of bulk continental crust composition and syn-collisional felsic magmatism. Biotite composition suggests partial melting of the metasedimentary protolith as the source of the two-mica granite. The plots of Y vs. SO2, P2O5 vs. SiO2, % normative C vs. Rb, Y vs. Rb, and Th vs. Rb support the S-type magma source. Geochemical and mineralogical data show a nearly vertical evolutional trend of the granite-pegmatite. It varies from the basal granitic unit to the pegmatite core unit. The mineralization of rare metals in the granite-pegmatite was mainly controlled by genetic (processes). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global need for lithium (Li) is increasing due to its use in batteries which are used to make electric vehicles, wind turbines and fuel cells to facilitate the world’s ‘green transition’ to low carbon economies. The mining of Li, like that of other Earth materials, produces large volumes of waste such as tailings and processing chemicals. A growing body of research is addressing the resource potential and environmental impacts of wastes from mining of Li-bearing granites and pegmatites that produce around 40% of the world’s Li. The wastes are dominated by SiO2 and Al2O3, with lesser Na2O, K2O and Fe2O3, that are hosted in quartz, feldspar and micas. They can contain around 1 wt% Li2O that is found in residual spodumene, lepidolite and zinnwaldite, and trace (

This is an eassay in the field of process mineralogy. Using optical microscope, chemical multi-element analysis, chemical phase analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy spectrometer and other comprehensive methods, the process mineralogical characteristics of a pegmatite lithium beryllium ore were studied. The mineral composition, chemical properties, symbiosis relationship of minerals, particle size distribution of main minerals and connection growth characteristics in the ore were ascertained. On this basis, the occurrence state of valuable elements such as lithium and beryllium in the ore and the mineralogical factors affecting the recovery of valuable elements such as lithium and beryllium in the ore are described, which provides a basis for the beneficiation work of the mine.