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Purpose: To investigate how well an implant stability quotient (ISQ) represents resonance frequency. Materials and Methods: Benchtop experiments on standardized samples that replicated a mandibular premolar site were conducted to correlate an ISQ value and a resonance frequency to synthetic bone density and an incremental insertion torque; then, a frequency spectrum analysis was performed to check the validity of the resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Brånemark Mk III implants (4 × 11.5 mm; Nobel Biocare) were placed in Sawbones test models of five different densities (40, 30, 40/20, 20, and 15 PCF). An incremental insertion torque was recorded during implant placement. To perform stability measurements, the test models were partially clamped in a vise (unclamped volume: 10 × 20 × 34 mm). A MulTipeg (Integration Diagnostics) was attached to the implants, and a Penguin (Integration Diagnostics) RFA measured ISQ. Simultaneously, the MulTipeg motion was monitored via a laser Doppler vibrometer and processed by a spectrum analyzer to obtain the resonance frequency. Tightness of the clamp was adjusted to vary the resonance frequency. A statistical analysis produced a linear correlation coefficient (R) among the measured ISQ, resonance frequency, and incremental insertion torque. Results: The resonance frequency had high correlation to the incremental insertion torque (R = 0.978), confirming the validity of using RFA for this study. Measured ISQ data were scattered and had low correlation to the resonance frequency (R = 0.214) and the incremental insertion torque (R = 0.386). The spectrum analysis revealed the simultaneous presence of multiple resonance frequencies. Conclusions: For the designed benchtop tests, resonance frequency does indicate implant stability in view of Sawbones density and incremental insertion torque. However, ISQ measurements do not correlate to the resonance frequency and may not reflect the stability when multiple resonance frequencies are present simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premature life exposure, meaning an immature central nervous system, presents a significant challenge for the development of postural control and, in turn, overall motor development. Preventing motor delay thus requires identifying, characterizing, and quantifying deficit in postural control as early as possible. In our study, we reviewed the procedures used in past studies to assess postural control among individuals born preterm, specifically the characterization of participants, the instruments and motor tasks involved, the types of data collected and analyzed, and the outcomes. To that end, we performed a literature search on PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, and Scopus using Boolean logic and assessed the quality of the studies with a standardized assessment based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Of 35 potential studies, 24 were included; all evaluated infants born preterm, but six did not include a control group of full-term infants. Although the heterogeneity of measurements, variability of instruments, and divergence in motor tasks examined limit definitive conclusions based on quantitative synthesis and the generalization of the results, most studies revealed dysfunctional postural control among individuals born preterm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease that causes balance deficits, even in early stages. Evidence suggests that people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) rely more on vision to maintain balance, and challenging balance with optical flow perturbations may be a practical screening for balance deficits. Whether these perturbations affect standing balance in PwMS is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine how optical flow perturbations affect standing balance in PwMS. We hypothesized that perturbations would cause higher variability in PwMS compared with matched controls during standing and that standing balance would be more susceptible to anterior–posterior (A–P) perturbations than medial–lateral (M–L) perturbations. Thirteen PwMS and 13 controls stood under 3 conditions: unperturbed, M–L perturbation, and A–P perturbations. A–P perturbations caused significantly higher A–P trunk sway variability in PwMS than controls, although both groups had similar center-of-pressure variability. Both perturbations increased variability in A–P trunk sway and center of pressure. Trunk variability data supported the hypothesis that PwMS were more susceptible to optical flow perturbations than controls. However, the hypothesis that A–P perturbations would affect balance more than M–L perturbations was partially supported. These results suggest potential for optical flow perturbations to identify balance deficits in PwMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work introduces a simplified deposition procedure for multidimensional (2D/3D) perovskite thin films, integrating a phenethylammonium chloride (PEACl)-treatment into the antisolvent step when forming the 3D perovskite. This simultaneous deposition and passivation strategy reduces the number of synthesis steps while simultaneously stabilizing the halide perovskite film and improving the photovoltaic performance of resulting solar cell devices to 20.8%. Using a combination of multimodal in situ and additional ex situ characterizations, it is demonstrated that the introduction of PEACl during the perovskite film formation slows down the crystal growth process, which leads to a larger average grain size and narrower grain size distribution, thus reducing carrier recombination at grain boundaries and improving the device's performance and stability. The data suggests that during annealing of the wet film, the PEACl diffuses to the surface of the film, forming hydrophobic (quasi-)2D structures that protect the bulk of the perovskite film from humidity-induced degradation.

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are infamous for their batch-to-batch and lab-to-lab irreproducibility in terms of stability and performance. Reproducible fabrication of PSCs is a critical requirement for market viability and practical commercialization. PSC irreproducibility plagues all levels of the community; from institutional research laboratories, start-up companies, to large established corporations. In this work, the critical function of atmospheric humidity to regulate the crystallization and stabilization of formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskites is unraveled. It is demonstrated that the humidity content during processing induces profound variations in perovskite stoichiometry, thermodynamic stability, and optoelectronic quality. Almost counterintuitively, it is shown that the presence of humidity is perhaps indispensable to reproduce phase-stable and efficient FAPbI3-based PSCs.

Despite being one of the oldest data structures in computer science, hash tables continue to be the focus of a great deal of both theoretical and empirical research. A central reason for this is that many of the fundamental properties that one desires from a hash table are difficult to achieve simultaneously; thus many variants offering different trade-offs have been proposed. This article introduces Iceberg hashing, a hash table that simultaneously offers the strongest known guarantees on a large number of core properties. Iceberg hashing supports constant-time operationswhile improving on the state of the art for space efficiency, cache efficiency, and low failure probability. Iceberg hashing is also the first hash table to support a load factor of up to 1-o(1) while being stable, meaning that the positionwhere an element is stored only ever changes when resizes occur. In fact, in the setting where keys are T(logn) bits, the space guarantees that Iceberg hashing offers, namely that it uses at most log x |U | n x +O(n log logn) bits to store n items froma universeU, matches a lower bound by Demaine et al. that applies to any stable hash table. Iceberg hashing introduces new general-purpose techniques for some of the most basic aspects of hashtable design. Notably, our indirection-free technique for dynamic resizing, which we call waterfall addressing, and our techniques for achieving stability and very-high probability guarantees, can be applied to any hash table that makes use of the front-yard/backyard paradigm for hash table design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While shifts in gut microbiota have been studied in diseased states, the temporal variability of the microbiome in cats has not been widely studied. This study investigated the temporal variability of the feline dysbiosis index (DI) and the abundance of core bacterial groups in healthy adult cats. The secondary aim was to evaluate the relationship between the fecal abundance of Clostridium hiranonis and the fecal concentrations of unconjugated bile acids. A total of 142 fecal samples collected from 17 healthy cats were prospectively included: nine cats with weekly collection over 3 weeks (at least four time points), five cats with monthly collection over 2 months (three time points), and three cats with additional collections for up to 10 months. The DI remained stable within the reference intervals over two months for all cats (Friedman test, p > 0.2), and 100% of the DI values (n = 142) collected throughout the study period remained within the RI. While some temporal individual variation was observed for individual taxa, the magnitude was minimal compared to cats with chronic enteropathy and antibiotic exposure. Additionally, the abundance of Clostridium hiranonis was significantly correlated with the percentage of fecal primary bile acids, supporting its role as a bile acid converter in cats.

Abstract: Theory predicts intraguild predation (IGP) to be unstable despite its ubiquity in nature, prompting exploration of stabilizing mechanisms of IGP. One of the many ways IGP manifests is through inducible trophic polymorphisms in the intraguild (IG) predator, where a resource-eating predator morph competes with the intraguild (IG) prey for the shared resource while a top predator morph consumes the IG prey. Cannibalism is common in this type of system due to the top predator morph’s specialization on the trophic level below it, which includes the resource-eating predator morph. Here, we explore the consequences of inducible trophic polymorphisms in cannibal predators for IGP stability using an IGP model with and without cannibalism. We employ linear stability analysis and identify regions of coexistence based on the top predator morph’s preference for conspecifics vs. heterospecifics and the IG prey’s competitive ability relative to the resource-eating morph. Our findings reveal that preferential cannibalism (i.e., the preferential consumption of conspecifics) stabilizes the system when the IG prey and resource-eating morph have similar competitive abilities for the shared resource. Though original IGP theory finds that the IG prey must be a superior resource competitor as a general criterion for coexistence, this is not typically the case when the predator has an inducible trophic polymorphism and the resource-eating morph is specialized in resource acquisition. Preferential cannibalism may therefore be a key stabilizing mechanism in IGP systems with a cannibalistic, trophic polymorphic IG predators, providing further insight into what general mechanisms stabilize the pervasive IGP interaction.

Topic models are becoming a frequently employed tool in the empirical methods repertoire of information systems and management scholars. Given textual corpora, such as consumer reviews and online discussion forums, researchers and business practitioners often use topic modeling to either explore data in an unsupervised fashion or generate variables of interest for subsequent econometric analysis. However, one important concern stems from the fact that topic models can be notorious for their instability, i.e., the generated results could be inconsistent and irreproducible at different times, even on the same dataset. Therefore, researchers might arrive at potentially unreliable results regarding the theoretical relationships that they are testing or developing. In this paper, we attempt to highlight this problem and suggest a potential approach to addressing it. First, we empirically define and evaluate the stability problem of topic models using four textual datasets. Next, to alleviate the problem and with the goal of extracting actionable insights from textual data, we propose a new method, Stable LDA, which incorporates topical word clusters into the topic model to steer the model inference toward consistent results. We show that the proposed Stable LDA approach can significantly improve model stability while maintaining or even improving the topic model quality. Further, employing two case studies related to an online knowledge community and online consumer reviews, we demonstrate that the variables generated from Stable LDA can lead to more consistent estimations in econometric analyses. We believe that our work can further enhance management scholars' collective toolkit to analyze ever-growing textual data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Department stores invest in loyalty strategies that largely focus on retaining current high value customers in response to increasing competition in retail shopping. In this study, we examine the contribution of the top 20% customers for transaction frequency and value ("heavy buyers") to the total sales, and the consistency of this contribution across departments within a store. We also investigate the heavy buyer stability over time across 3 years, from over 550 million transactions from a department store chain in East Asia. The results show that the Pareto ratio of the top 20% spenders account for 71% of revenue (and 52% of the total transactions), and the top 20% transactors represent 58% of revenue (and 62% of total transactions), which may signal the role of such heavy buyers to overall stores sales. At each department level, the heavy buyers (by value) contribute from 65% to 86% of the department revenue. Despite this, the stability of the top 20% segment over time varies greatly by department from 11% to 74%. Finally, whether high value customers in one department store also translate across departments, depends mainly on the department size in terms of its shopper penetration. The research furthers our knowledge on Pareto Law, with important implications for customer retention strategies and loyalty programs especially for retailers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the effect of topically applied hyaluronic acid (HA) on the stability of immediately loaded implants in the posterior maxilla. Materials and Methods: For the clinical study, a total of 20 implants were placed in 14 patients seeking the replacement of missing single or multiple posterior maxillary teeth. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the clinical control group (CC group), 10 implants were placed and immediately loaded, while in the clinical study group (CS group), 10 implants were coated with HA immediately before placement and immediately loaded. All patients had implant stability clinically evaluated at implant placement time (T0) and 1 (T1), 3 (T3), and 6 (T6) months after loading. Peri-implant pocket depth and modified sulcus bleeding index were evaluated clinically at 6 months in all patients. Bone density was evaluated radiographically after 3 months. All the clinical and radiographic data were subjected to statistical analysis. For the animal study, a total of 12 implants were placed in the tibiae of six rabbits. For each rabbit, 1 implant without any applied HA was placed in the left tibia (AC group), and 1 implant coated with HA was placed in the right tibia (AS group). The rabbits were euthanized at 21 and 45 days after implant insertion. Results: There were no significant statistical differences between the two groups regarding implant stability, peri-implant pocket depth, modified sulcus bleeding index, or bone density from the palatal and apical aspects. However, there was a significant statistical difference in the bone density from the buccal aspect in favor of the study group. The animal study showed that the newly formed bone in the right tibiae showed improved quantity and quality of bone, as it had denser bone trabeculae and smaller marrow spaces compared to the left tibiae. Conclusion: In the clinical study, the application of hyaluronic acid had a superior effect on the buccal bone density around immediately loaded implants. In the animal study, hyaluronic acid had a synergistic effect on the quality and quantity of bone formation around dental implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to observe the physical attributes of static spherically symmetric isotropic compact stellar candidates in the context of Rastall theory of gravity. In order to inspect the structural composition of compact objects, the Heintzmann ansatz is taken into account. The unknown parameters associated with Heintzmann ansatz are evaluated through matching conditions with derived values of radii and masses of some specific star models. The consistency of the adopted ansatz is analyzed via graphical interpretation of matter variables, equation of state parameter, mass components, energy constraints, causality condition, stellar equation and adiabatic index for several choices of Rastall parameter. It is observed that the stars under consideration manifest stable structures corresponding to Heintzmann ansatz in this framework. Moreover, it is shown that for vanishing Rastall coupling parameter, the standard outcomes of general relativity can be retrieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is immensely meaningful to design efficient electrolysis for water electrolysis and realize green hydrogen production. Herein, a ruthenium dioxide modified CoFe-Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) catalyst (RuO 2 /CoFe-LDH/NF) was synthesized by combining the advantages of RuO 2 and CoFe-LDHs for driving alkaline water and seawater. RuO 2 /CoFe-LDH/NF display impressive activity and stability at 10 mA cm−2, which only need an overpotential of 59 and 270 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) respectively. Meaningfully, the catalyst only required a small cell voltage of 1.58 V as a bifunctional catalyst, what is superior to commercial RuO 2 /NF||Pt/C/NF (1.66 V). In addition, RuO 2 /CoFe-LDH/NF exhibited excellent HER and OER performance with overpotentials of 119 and 260 mv in alkaline seawater at 10 mA cm−2, respectively. Additionally, RuO 2 /CoFe-LDH/NF displays a larger corrosion potential, smaller corrosion and improved oxygen evolution capacity than CoFe-LDH/NF. Moreover, there is electron transfer between Ru and Co or Fe, which can improve the micro-coordination environment and enhance the stability for RuO 2 /CoFe-LDH/NF. The method with integration of RuO 2 and CoFe-LDH could be broadened to explore other robust bifunctional catalysts for water/seawater electrolysis. Trace RuO 2 decorated CoFe-LDH can not only provide much more active sites, but also stabilize the active site of CoFe-LDH, resulting in an enhance activity and stability [Display omitted] • RuO 2 nanoparticles modified CoFe-LDHs were prepared by a simple hydrothermal synthesis method. • RuO 2 /CoFe-LDH/NF displays excellent HER and OER performance in seawater electrolysis. • The interaction among various metals can establish a micro-environment to enhance stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability of rural credit cooperatives is closely linked to regional economic development in China's vast rural areas. This study aims to investigate how rural credit cooperatives in China can enhance their stability and achieve high-quality development using panel data from 87 county rural credit cooperatives in Shaanxi Province from 2008 to 2016. The Cov-AHP is employed to build an evaluation system and the effect of inclusive finance on the risk-taking capacity of rural credit cooperatives is analysed using a fixed effects model. Results demonstrate that inclusive finance can improve the risk-taking capacity of rural credit cooperatives and enhance their stability. This effect is more significant for rural credit cooperatives with a larger share of corporate shares, although property rights reform and the launch of community banks may weaken this effect. This study recommends vigorously promoting the development of inclusive finance, improving the operational mode of rural commercial banks, strengthening the corporate governance system of rural credit cooperatives, and enhancing the level of financial services for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. These implications are important for promoting the further reform of rural credit cooperatives, especially in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, acid‐treated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were decorated with silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), and Ag@Zn nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized using plant extract for reducing and stabilizing NPs. The nanocomposites were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)‐energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Raman spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The stability of functionalized MWCNTs (f‐MWCNTs) and NP‐decorated MWCNTs was visually evaluated for seven days in ethanol. The antimicrobial efficacy against Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) bacteria, and fungi (Candida albicans) was determined using the agar well diffusion assay. Results indicated that Ag‐MWCNTs and Ag@Zn‐MWCNTs nanocomposites exhibited superior antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and C. albicans compared to other tested microorganisms. Conversely, f‐MWCNTs and Zn‐MWCNTs showed no antimicrobial effects [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combustion of fossil fuels has led to a surge in global CO 2 emissions, causing environmental pollution and climate change issues that cannot be ignored. Ammonia, a green and carbon-free hydrogen energy, is emerging as a promising contender for new renewable fuels. Electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia reduction reaction (NARR) is an emerging green synthesis method compared to the Haber-Bosch approach, and its performance is mainly controlled by selective hydrogenation. In this work, we report an efficient Fe@MOF-808-H 2 PO 4 −/HPO 4 2− electrocatalyst (donated as Fe@MOF-808-P) for the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate-to-ammonia. The results showed that the highest Faraday efficiency of NH 3 (FE NH3) is 90.8 ± 0.5 % at −0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE) in a 0.5 M potassium sulfate (K 2 SO 4) solution containing nitrite (NO 3 −), the corresponding NH 3 yield and specific activity are 420.4 ± 18.1 μmol h−1 cm−2 and 1035.9 ± 20.1 mg NH3 h−1 mg Fe, respectively. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the catalytic performance of Fe@MOF-808-H 2 O, MOF-808, MOF-808-P, and carbon cloth (CC) revealed that introducing P could accelerate the hydrogenation process of NO 3 − in the NARR process, confirming that Fe is the primary active center. Additionally, the cyclic electrolysis experiment demonstrated that the catalyst showed excellent stability. The results highlighted the promising potential of ammonia for future applications in renewable energy systems. • H 2 PO 4 −/HPO 4 2− promotes a higher ammonia selectivity in NARR. • The ammonia productivity achieves 420.4 ± 18.1 μmol h−1 cm−2 at −0.9 V (vs. RHE). • Fe atom efficiency on Fe@MOF-808-P reaches 1035.9 ± 20.1 mg NH3 h−1 mg Fe. • Fe@MOF-808-P in NARR exhibits excellent stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hierarchical structure alumina with high surface area was synthesized using a sol-gel method assisted by propylene oxide (PO), which was subsequently converted into alumina exhibiting different transitional phases (γ, δ, θ) through varying calcination temperatures. These aluminas were employed as substrates for the active copper phase in the RWGS catalyst, facilitating a systematic exploration of how the alumina phase influences catalyst performance. The characterized catalysts underwent assessments using techniques such as N 2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, H 2 -TPR, CO 2 -TPD, FESEM, and HRTEM. An examination of the impact of copper loading (ranging from 5.0 to 20.0 wt%) in the Cu/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst on RWGS performance revealed that the catalyst containing 15.0 wt% Cu exhibited the highest CO 2 conversion rate, achieving 8% at 300 °C under a 1CO 2 :1H 2 ratio at atmospheric pressure. This specific catalyst demonstrated 100% selectivity for CO. Evaluating the extended stability of Cu catalysts supported by γ-, δ-, and θ-Al 2 O 3 phases, all loaded with the same amount of Cu (15.0 wt%), was carried out at 450 °C. The δ- and θ-Al 2 O 3 -supported catalysts were able to maintain approximately 100% of their initial catalytic activities after 72 h, whereas the activity of the catalyst supported by γ-Al 2 O 3 decreased. The examination of the crystalline phases of the catalyst support and stability testing demonstrated the significant impact of porosity on mass transfer and the diffusion processes of reactants and production on the structure of the catalyst. This study revealed how adjusting the macropore size and porosity within various crystalline phases can optimize the filling degree and achieve an ideal balance between reaction and mass transfer rates. [Display omitted] • Catalyst support with the highest surface area was prepared via a sol-gel method. • Effect of hierarchical alumina as catalyst support was investigated in RWGS reaction. • 15 wt% Cu/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst exhibited the highest CO 2 conversion of 8% at 300 °C. • CO selectivity was 100% over 15 wt% Cu/γ-, δ-, and θ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), as a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, can enhance human muscle strength or improve single-leg landing stability instantly, but no relevant research has demonstrated this yet. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of tDCS on the stability of single-leg landings in human subjects. METHODS: Male undergraduate students from Wuhan Sports University were recruited as study participants. They were divided into two groups, A (n=6) and B (n=5), using a random number table. Group A underwent a sham stimulation session followed by a 3-day washout period, after which they received tDCS. Conversely, Group B received tDCS initially, followed by a 3-day washout period, and subsequently underwent the sham stimulation session. Following the respective stimulation sessions, an immediate single-leg landing test was administered to assess and collect biomechanical parameters. Data resulting from the tDCS intervention were aggregated and analyzed as the experimental group dataset, whereas data stemming from the sham stimulation were consolidated as the control group dataset. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Regarding core stability, the tDCS intervention showed a significant interaction with landing height on the maximal trunk flexion angle (P < 0.05). A paired comparison of the data showed a significant decrease in the maximum trunk flexion angle following true stimulation compared to sham stimulation at a 30-cm landing height. Additionally, the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the maximum trunk lateral bending angle and the mean trunk lateral bending angular velocity (P < 0.05). Following true stimulation, there was a significant decrease in the maximum trunk lateral bending angle and the mean trunk lateral bending angular velocity compared to sham stimulation. In terms of lower limb joint stability, the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the maximum dynamic ankle valgus angle (P < 0.05). This resulted in a significant decrease in the angle following true stimulation compared to sham stimulation. In addition, the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the peak muscle activation of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius lateralis (P < 0.05). This showed a significant increase after true stimulation compared to sham stimulation. An interaction between the tDCS intervention and landing height was observed for the peak muscle activation of the tibialis anterior (P < 0.05). Paired comparison analyses revealed a significant increase in muscle activation after true stimulation specifically at a 60-cm landing height. Regarding center of pressure stability, there were no significant interactions or main effects of the tDCS intervention on the mean lateral displacement, mean lateral displacement velocity, mean anterior-posterior displacement, or mean anterior-posterior displacement velocity at the center of pressure (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the tDCS intervention had no significant main effects on any of the center of pressure indicators (P > 0.05). In conclusion, tDCS can immediately improve core stability and lower limb joint stability during single-leg landing, making it an effective warm-up technique for improving single-leg landing stability and reducing the risk of lower limb injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study elucidates the impact of fluctuating influent conditions and in situ ultrasonic wave exposure on the stability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in the treatment of simulated wastewater emanating from rare earth mining operations. During a stable influent period spanning from Day 1 to Day 95, the seed granules underwent an initial disintegration followed by a re-granulation phase. The secondary granulation was achieved on Day 80 and Day 40 for the ultrasonic reactor (R1) and the control reactor (R2), respectively. Notably, granules formed in R1 exhibited a more porous structure compared to those generated in R2. Subsequently, when the ammonia nitrogen in the influent oscillated between 100 and 500 mg/L during Days 96-140, both reactors yielded compact and densely structured granules. Nitrogen removal profiles were comparable between the two reactors: the removal efficiencies for ammonia nitrogen and total inorganic nitrogen escalated from 95% and 80%, respectively, during Days 1-95, to 95% and 90%, respectively, post-Day 140. A suite of performance metrics indicated that steady-state granules from R1 outperformed those from R2 across several parameters. Specifically, the nitrification/denitrification rates, and relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria were all higher in granules from R1. Conversely, the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria was comparable between granules from both reactors. However, R1 granules demonstrated lower sludge concentration and smaller average particle size than their R2 counterparts. In conclusion, the AGS system demonstrated robust resilience to fluctuating ammonia nitrogen, and the application of ultrasonic waves significantly enhanced granular activity while achieving in situ sludge reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a model of inflation in the original form of Brans–Dicke (BD) theory without any modification and without adding any dark energy candidate. We consider a log function of the scale factor in the BD scalar field to discuss the inflationary era of the universe. We obtain the expressions for the deceleration parameter and the equation of state parameter, and plot their graphs against the cosmic scale factor. We observe that the universe starts with decelerated expansion and experiences an early time phase transition from a decelerated phase to an accelerated phase. After a very short period, the accelerated expansion ends in a decelerated expansion, showing the inflationary era of the cosmic evolution. To analyze the model on thermodynamic ground, we consider generalized second law of thermodynamics and observe that the law is satisfied within the model. Further, we study the stability of the model using the squared sound speed method. We plot the squared sound speed against cosmic time t and discuss the effects of the parameters on the stability of the model. We observe that for suitable values of the model parameters our model is stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a two-patch model with additive Allee effect, nonlinear dispersal and commensalism is proposed and studied. The stability of equilibria and the existence of saddle-node bifurcation, transcritical bifurcation are discussed. Through qualitative analysis of the model, we know that the persistence and the extinction of population are influenced by the Allee effect, dispersal and commensalism. Combining with numerical simulation, the study shows that the total population density will increase when the Allee effect constant a increases or m decreases. In addition to suppress the Allee effect, nonlinear dispersal and commensalism are crucial to the survival of the species in the two patches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poor stability, high noise, and low detectivity (D*) of perovskite mesh nanowire (PMN) photodetectors (PDs) seriously hinder their practical applications. Here, a phenylethylamine iodine doping strategy (PIDS) is introduced to solve these problems. The PIDS leads to the formation of 2D perovskite PEA2MAx‐1PbxI3x+1 (PEA = phenylethylamine, MA = methylamine) within MAPbI3 PMN, which not only prevents water and oxygen erosion to thwart PMN degradation but also inhibits the transport of dark state carriers to reduce dark current. As a result, the noise, D*, and stability of the PMN PD are simultaneously improved. The device exhibits low noise current (7.61 × 10−15 A Hz−1/2) and high D* of 3.2 × 1014 Jones, the highest D* value for PMN PDs reported to date. Moreover, the unpacked device sustains 100% of its initial performance after 2880 h of storage in the air (45–55% humidity), enabling it as the most stable MAPbI3 perovskite micro/nanostructure PD reported to date. Furthermore, the flexible device with PIDS exhibits comparable performance to that of the rigid device as well as great mechanical stability. Finally, the flexible device with PIDS demonstrates excellent optical imaging capability and a higher precision optical imaging potential than the commercial silicon photodiode S2386. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have formulated and analyzed a mathematical model with multiple time delays of the genetic regulatory network of the microRNA‐17‐92 (miR‐17‐92) cluster. We have focused on the effect of the associated transcriptional and translational time delays of both positive and negative feedback loops on the miR‐17‐92 regulatory network. To gain better insight, we have explored the role of individual time delay in controlling the transition of the G1/S cell cycle process. We pay particular attention to the concentration of E2F and Myc, which trigger the protein ON and OFF switches. To analyze the situation mathematically, we employ delay‐dependent stability analysis and bifurcation analysis using delay differential equations and a biological study of the time‐delayed random transitions between the ON and OFF states for protein synthesis. Based on our study, we can conclude that the translational time delay (τ2)$$ \left({\tau}_2\right) $$ can halt the healthy transition of cells in the G1/S cell cycle phase as the small increase in (τ2)$$ \left({\tau}_2\right) $$ can destroy bistability of the system. Simulations are carried out to numerically show the solution trajectories under the combined effect of delays. Finally, we summarize the simulation results and the impact of delays on the dual behavior of miR‐17‐92 as it can act as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural stability, electronic and mechanical attributes of the tetragonal carbon (tP8) allotrope at high-pressure are examined in the proposed research. The crystal structure of tP8 carbon is different and possesses unusual properties owing to electron localisation. Moreover, tP8 carbon allotrope exhibits remarkable mechanical stability and resilience, making it a strong contender for various applications owing to its plastic deformation and resistance to fracture. Furthermore, the results of the current work show that the band gap of tP8 carbon increases under high pressures, making it a useful material for nanoelectronic device applications. The present report on high-pressure studies of tP8 carbon will pave the way for novel applications in semiconductor technology and high-pressure material applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the stability for the wave equation with damping γ (t , x) (− Δ x) α ∂ t u defined on a bounded domain Ω ⊂ R d , d ≥ 1. The damping coefficient γ (t , x) ≥ 0 may degenerate to zero at some (t , x) ∈ [ τ , + ∞) × Ω. In contrast to the classical geometric control condition (GCC), we give the integral control condition (ICC) which means γ only has a positive lower bound in the sense of integral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a fast numerical method is developed for solving the FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) model by combining two-grid finite element (TGFE) algorithm in space with a linearized variable-time-step (VTS) two-step backward differentiation formula (BDF2) in time. This algorithm mainly included two steps: firstly, the nonlinear coupled system on the coarse grid is solved by a nonlinear iteration; secondly, a linearized coupled system on the fine grid by making use of a Taylor formula is formulated, and the numerical solution pair is solved directly. The techniques of the discrete orthogonal convolution (DOC) kernels and the discrete complementary convolution (DCC) kernels are used to derive the optimal error estimations in L 2 -norm and the stability analysis for the fully discrete scheme on the coarse and fine grids, and to prove the optimal H 1 -norm error estimation for the fully discrete TGFE scheme. These analyses hold for adjacent time-step ratios 0 < r k ≤ 4.8645 − δ (δ being an arbitrarily small constant). Finally, the effectiveness and computing efficiency of the proposed algorithm are verified through several numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability of an approximating sequence (A n) for an operator A usually requires, besides invertibility of A , the invertibility of further operators, say B , C , ... , that are well-associated to the sequence (A n). We study this set, { A , B , C , ... } , of so-called stability indicators of (A n) and connect it to the asymptotics of ‖ A n ‖ , ‖ A n − 1 ‖ and κ (A n) = ‖ A n ‖ ‖ A n − 1 ‖ as well as to spectral pollution by showing that lim sup Spec ε A n = Spec ε A ∪ Spec ε B ∪ Spec ε C ∪ .... We further specify, for each of ‖ A n ‖ , ‖ A n − 1 ‖ , κ (A n) and Spec ε A n , under which conditions even convergence applies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous silicon carbide fibers (SiC f) reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (SiC f /SiC CMCs) are promising thermostructural materials with a broad range of high-end technology applications. For the excellent performance of SiC f /SiC CMCs, the interphase plays a crucial role in tailoring the overall mechanical properties and service lifetime of SiC f /SiC CMCs. During the past decades, tremendous effort has been made to develop better interphase materials and deepen the understanding of their functions and mechanisms. In this paper, an overview of the latest advancements in a variety of interfacial coatings, including pyrolytic carbon, boron nitride, newly developed layered candidates, porous oxides and multilayers, is provided. Emphasis is placed on the engineering of constituents, microstructure and interphase thickness, as well as their effects on the mechanical properties and stability of SiC f /SiC CMCs. Moreover, the challenges and future opportunities to achieve the desired behavior of SiC f /SiC CMCs by interphase engineering are discussed. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic efficiency of the cathode is paramount in elevating the operational efficacy of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs) through expeditious facilitation of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Cathode confronts formidable challenges due to oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics. This work aims to develop a high-performance cathode by doping strontium (Sr) into Nd 2- x Sr 2 x NiO 4. We synthesized a series of Nd 2- x Sr 2x NiO 4 (x : 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.1) samples with varying Sr doping levels and evaluated their electrochemical performances. Nd2- x Sr 2 x NiO 4 with optimal ratio (x : 0.06) delivers the highest peak power density of 620–338 mw cm−2 at 550-470 °C among all four samples. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the optimal composition revealed that Nd 2- x Sr 2 x NiO 4 exhibits low electrode polarization resistance of 0.34 Ω cm 2 , depicting its high catalytic performance and compatibility with the electrolyte and anode. Furthermore, XPS spectra also suggest higher surface oxygen vacancies than the other three samples, subsequently improving the conductivity and catalytic activity. Along with high power and OCVs, Nd 2- x Sr 2 x NiO 4 cathode-based SOFC is persistently stable for 40 h without significant degradation. These results conclusively point to demonstrating Nd 2- x Sr 2 x NiO 4 as a high-performing cathode for LT-SOFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, various real word problems including infectious diseases, engineering problems, and chemical processes, etc are modelled by using differential equations with fractals and fractional orders. The mentioned area provides a powerful tool to investigate the aforesaid problems from different perspectives like analysis, numerical investigation, and qualitative theory. Similarly, one of the global issue is devoted to re-infection of viral diseases like COVID-19. The said behaviour has produced very saviour impact on human life worldwide. Also, this is very critical for health system of a country as well as for its economics situation. To study the aforesaid phenomenon of re-infection, a hybrid type fractal–fractional three compartments model is formulated. The basic results related to boundedness, positivity, equilibrium points, basic reproductive number, and sensitivity analysis of the basic threshold are included in the theoretical aspect. Additionally, the Volterra–Lyapunov approach is used to establish both local and global stability analysis under fractals and fractional derivative. Furthermore, utilizing techniques from numerical functional analysis and fixed point theory, the existence and Hyers–Ulam stability of the solutions are also examined. A numerical algorithm based on Lagrange's interpolation polynomials is extended to simulate the results of various compartments. Graphical interpretations corresponding to different fractals–fractional order values are presented. For verification of our numerical results, a comparison is provided between the real and simulated data. Here it should be kept in mind that the differential operator of fractals–fractional order is considered with Mittag-Leffler kernel. The mentioned operator is more general among the available fractals fractional differential operators in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice husk is an agricultural waste generated during rice milling and very rich in biosilica. Extraction, and modification of biosilica from rice husk were performed, and the isopropyl myristate oil-based emulsions stabilized by the modified biosilica nanoparticles were also studied. The native biosilica was modified by N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ethylenediamine. Characterization by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscope showed that native biosilica contains oxygen (25.3%), silica (66.2%), and sodium (8.5%), and modified biosilica compositions are oxygen (31.6%), silica (39.4%), carbon (25.5%), and sodium (1.2%). X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that crystallite sizes of native biosilica and modified biosilica are 2.05 nm and 2.03 nm, respectively. The change in surface morphology as revealed by scanning electron microscopy confirmed that modification occurred. The emulsions stabilized by the modified biosilica nanoparticles were stable, while the emulsion stabilized by the native biosilica was not stable. The influence of pH on the stability and physical appearance of the emulsions was not significant. However, the water–oil ratio has significant influence on the stability of the emulsions and the optimal oil:water ratio was 80:20. The utilization of rice husk ash for the production of biosilica nanoparticles would reduce environmental pollution and health challenges associated with fly ash. The results from this study showed that modified biosilica nanoparticles is a good emulsifier and promising material in cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a new tritrophic food chain model. We address the conditions for the coexistence of two different zooplankton species and one phytoplankton species. The results of the numerical and analytical studies of the model show that the most relevant parameters influencing the plankton ecosystem, to maintain a stable coexistence equilibrium, are the: carrying capacity and the constant intrinsic growth rate of the phytoplankton population, and the conversion rate with a mortality rate of carnivorous zooplankton. We prove the existence and direction of Hopf bifurcation in non delay system. To account for the time delay in the conversion of herbivorous consumption to carnivorous zooplankton, we incorporate a discrete delay into the consume response function. Furthermore, we establish some adequate conditions to prove the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation induced by delay in the delayed model. We also plot two-parameter bifurcation diagrams. The numerical results support the analytical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the global dynamics of the bottom hole assembly with non-uniformly distributed cutters on drill-bit which improves stability of steady drilling. In this work, the drill string with a bottom hole assembly is considered as a lumped parameter model in the axial and torsional directions to accommodate axial and torsional vibrations, respectively. The regenerative effect due to the variation in the depth of cut is considered the only source of instability in the system. The engagement of individual cutters with the cut surface is modeled by formulating separate cut surface profile between two simultaneous cutters which is essential in capturing the true global dynamics of the system. Linear stability analysis through eigenvalue analysis reveals the system's improved stability compared to the system equipped with uniformly distributed cutters. An optimal distribution of cutters on the drill-bit for different number of cutters leading to the most stable steady drilling is obtained. This optimal distribution has been found to be robust with respect to changes in the rock strength as well as drill-rig parameters. A detailed nonlinear numerical analysis of the system with the optimal distribution reveals the existence of subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcation at different lobes of stability boundaries. Further analysis unveils various complex phenomenon, such as the co-existence of the steady solutions with the chaotic solution, partial bit-bounce, complete bit-bounce, and stick–slip vibrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the problem of an ellipsoid of revolution rolling on a horizontal plane under the assumption that there is no slipping at the point of contact and no spinning about the vertical. A reduction of the equations of motion to a fixed level set of first integrals is performed. Permanent rotations corresponding to the rolling of an ellipsoid in a circle or in a straight line are found. A linear stability analysis of permanent rotations is carried out. A complete classification of possible trajectories of the reduced system is performed using a bifurcation analysis. A classification of the trajectories of the center of mass of the ellipsoid depending on parameter values and initial conditions is performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of climate change are now more pervasive than ever. Marine ecosystems have been particularly impacted by climate change, with marine heatwaves (MHWs) being a strong driver of mass mortality events. Even in the most optimistic greenhouse gas emission scenarios, MHWs will continue to increase in frequency, intensity and duration. For this reason, understanding the resilience of marine species to the increase of MHWs is crucial to predicting their viability under future climatic conditions. In this study, we explored the consequences of MHWs on the resilience (the ability of a population to resist and recover after a disturbance) of a Mediterranean key octocoral species, Paramuricea clavata, to further disturbances to their population structure. To quantify P. clavata's capacity to resist and recover from future disturbances, we used demographic information collected from 1999 to 2022, from two different sites in the NW Mediterranean Sea to calculate the transient dynamics of their populations. Our results showed that the differences in the dynamics of populations exposed and those not exposed to MHWs were driven mostly by differences in mean survivorship and growth. We also showed that after MHWs P. clavata populations had lower resistance and slower rates of recovery than those not exposed to MHWs. Populations exposed to MHWs had lower resistance elasticity to most demographic processes compared to unexposed populations. In contrast, the only demographic process showing some differences when comparing the speed of recovery elasticity values between populations exposed and unexposed to MHWs was stasis. Finally, under scenarios of increasing frequency of MHWs, the extinction of P. clavata populations will accelerate and their capacity to resist and recover after further disturbances will be hampered. Overall, these findings confirm that future climatic conditions will make octocoral populations even more vulnerable to further disturbances. These results highlight the importance of limiting local impacts on marine ecosystems to dampen the consequences of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Encapsulation of bioactive compounds within protein‐based nanoparticles has garnered considerable attention in the food and pharmaceutical industries because of its potential to enhance stability and delivery. Soy protein isolate (SPI) has emerged as a promising candidate, prompting the present study aiming to modify its properties through controlled thermal and trypsin treatments for improved encapsulation efficiency (EE) of lutein and its storage stability.The EE of lutein nanoparticles encapsulated using SPI trypsin hydrolysates (SPIT) with three varying degrees of hydrolysis (4.11%, 6.91% and 10.61% for SPIT1, SPIT2 and SPIT3, respectively) increased by 12.00%, 15.78% and 18.59%, respectively, compared to SPI. Additionally, the photostability of SPIT2 showed a remarkable increase of 38.21% compared to SPI. The superior encapsulation efficiency and photostability of SPIT2 was attributed to increased exposure of hydrophobic groups, excellent antioxidant activity and uniform particle stability, despite exhibiting lower binding affinity to lutein compared to SPI. Furthermore, in SPIT2, the protein structure unfolded, with minimal impact on overall secondary structure upon lutein addition.The precise application of controlled thermal and trypsin treatments to SPI has been shown to effectively produce protein nanoparticles with substantially improved encapsulation efficiency for lutein and enhanced storage stability of the encapsulated lutein. These findings underscore the potential of controlled thermal and trypsin treatments to modify protein properties effectively and offer significant opportunities for expanding the applications of protein‐based formulations across diverse fields. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe quasidiffusion (QD) method is an established and efficient iterative technique for solving particle transport problems. Each QD iteration consists of a high-order SN sweep, followed by a low-order QD calculation. QD has two defining characteristics: (1) its iterations converge rapidly for any spatial grid and (2) the converged scalar fluxes from the high-order SN sweep and the low-order QD calculation differ, by spatial truncation errors, from each other and from the scalar flux solution of the SN equations. In this paper, we show that by including a transport consistency factor in the low-order equation, the converged high-order and low-order scalar fluxes become equal to each other and to the converged SN scalar flux. However, the inclusion of the transport consistency factor has a negative impact on the convergence rate. We present numerical results that demonstrate the effect of the transport consistency factor on stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB) is a transmittable bacterial infection, and it is one of the main health problems worldwide. This infection is preventable and can be cured with an appropriate treatment. The mathematical modeling technique could be applied successfully to investigate the transmission dynamics and provide the proper control measures of transferable diseases inclusive TB. In this paper, we developed a mathematical model of TB with drug resistance TB (DR-TB) in the presence of optimal control. We considered the two diseases — drug sensitive TB (DS-TB) and drug resistance TB. They affect the country Ethiopia. The DS-TB can be cured by first-line anti-TB drugs. However, once the tubercle bacilli begins it resistance to one or more anti-TB drugs, the DR-TB appears. This type of TB is difficult for the physicians to detect the strains. It is also expensive to treat. We analyzed the model and discussed the basic elements such as equilibrium points, basic reproduction number, stabilities of equilibrium points and possibility of bifurcation. The analytical result showed that if the threshold quantity (R0) < 1, the disease-free equilibrium is stable, whereas if R0 > 1, the endemic equilibrium (EE) is stable. When R0 = 1, a backward bifurcation appears. We extended the model by proposing strategies such as preventive effort, case finding control and case holding control. In this study, four different strategies are introduced based on different combination measures. Moreover, the optimal control problem is examined both analytically and numerically. The finding suggested that optimal combination strategies are used to reduce both the disease burden and the cost of intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Considering the rapid liquid transport characteristics of bionic dragonfly wings, an experimental investigation into the stability and drag reduction properties of an air film on various textured surfaces is being conducted. The study examines the impact of different wetting gradient textures on the stability and drag reduction properties of air film. Experimental results demonstrate an enhanced fluid transport efficiency, resulting in a maximum drag reduction of 9.1%, attributed to the size effect of the multi‐scale structure of bionic dragonfly wings. Surfaces featuring wetting gradients exhibit increased stability of the air film within the texture and the ability to trap air bubbles. Based on a near‐wall flow two‐phase flow theory model, the simulation considers the morphological changes of the air film at structured interfaces and their influence on near‐wall flow characteristics. The results indicate that the drag reduction effect arise from the slippage effect between the internal vortex in the air film inside the texture and the flow field near the wall surface. The synergistic effect of near‐wall flow fields among multiple texture layers is evident. This interplay across different regions contributes to the sustained drag reduction within the near wall area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractFrozen saliva samples are often used for later determination of salivary glucocorticoids in research studies on stress and endocrine disorders. We studied the stability of cortisol and cortisone in saliva after six years of storage at −80 °C by repeated analysis of 153 stored aliquots, collected with Salivette®, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We found a very high agreement between the first and the repeated measurement after six years at −80 °C, for both cortisol and cortisone concentrations (rs= 0.96 and rs= 0.98, respectively). Passing-Bablok regression equations were y = 0.02 + 1.00x and y = 0.02 + 1.14x for cortisol and cortisone, respectively. We conclude that salivary cortisol and cortisone concentrations remain essentially unaltered after six years of storage at −80 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on developing and analyzing a new AR-iterative scheme designed for estimating fixed points of generalized non-expansive mappings of the Suzuki kind. The scheme’s stability and convergence properties are rigorously proven, highlighting its superior convergence rate for non-expansive mappings when compared to existing schemes in the literature. Additionally, an application of the AR-iterative scheme to differential equations is presented. These findings underscore the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed scheme in numerical analysis and computational mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBetween the two world wars, a group of Italian mathematicians, statisticians and economists set out to use the tools of statistical mechanics to interpret the Pareto income distribution curve as a probability distribution. Models based on Boltzmann's thermal equilibrium were independently developed to find an economic variable, comparable to the kinetic energy of gas theory, that could explain the heavy tail of the Pareto curve. The various avenues explored eventually led them back to Pareto's much debated explanation, namely that the hyperbolic distribution of income was due to the unequal distribution of talent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novelty of this contribution is to propose an implicit numerical scheme for solving time-dependent boundary layer problems. The scheme is multi-step and consists of two stages. It is third-order accurate in time and constructed on three-time levels. For spatial discretization, a fourth-order compact scheme is adopted. The stability of the proposed scheme is analyzed for scalar linear partial differential equation (PDE) that shows its conditional stability. The convergence of the scheme is also provided for a system of time-dependent parabolic equations. Moreover, a mathematical model for heat and mass transfer of mixed convective Williamson nanofluid flow over flat and oscillatory sheets is modified with the characteristic of the Darcy–Forchheimer model. The results show that the temperature profile rises by developing thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameter values. Also, the proposed scheme is compared with an existing Crank–Nicolson method. It is found that the proposed scheme converges faster than the existing one for solving scalar linear PDE as well as the system of linear and nonlinear parabolic equations, which are dimensionless forms of governing equations of a flow phenomenon. The findings provided in this study can serve as a helpful guide for future investigations into fluid flow in closed-off industrial settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, notable progress in computational density functional theory (DFT) has facilitated the collection of extensive datasets in the field of materials science. Machine learning is a crucial technique for effectively processing and analyzing these large datasets and accelerating the creation of new compounds. In this work, we employ the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classification algorithm to predict the crystal structure of 381 halides and oxide perovskites using 78 features. We achieved a classification accuracy of 76.62% for these materials. Subsequently, we utilized the Random Forest and XGBoost algorithms to investigate a dataset comprising 761 perovskite materials from the material project database to predict the band gap energy (best accuracy = 84.78%, mean absolute error(MAE) = 0.410 eV, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.594 eV) and formation energy (best accuracy = 94.81%, MAE = 0.083 eV/atom, RMSE = 0.157 eV/atom), all of these prediction results based on the chemical formulas. Notably, the feature importance analysis shows the significant influence of the number of d electrons in the d orbit of the B atom on both band gap (Eg) and formation energy (EF) properties. Finally, we applied our prediction model to identify stable perovskite solar cells, achieving an accuracy of 85.18%. These findings provide valuable guidelines for the discovery of stable perovskite solar cells and help researchers tailor the composition of perovskite materials to optimize their light-harvesting capabilities, leading to higher-power conversion efficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcumin (CUR), a polyphenolic substance from turmeric, displays diverse medicinal properties. However, its instability poses challenges in detection. Cyclodextrin-based nanogels (CyDngs) offer a transformative solution, enhancing CUR's stability in aqueous solutions. Multisensing approaches involving fluorescence, electrochemistry, and NMR spectroscopy were employed, demonstrating CyDngs' pivotal role in CUR detection. Langmuir analysis revealed a binding constant of 1.4 × 104 M–1 for CyDngs, highlighting their effectiveness over native β-CyDs. The study emphasized CyDngs' superiority in stabilizing CUR and enabling reliable and sensitive detection with very diverse methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an inverse problem of identifying two ionic parameters of a nonlocal reaction-diffusion system in cardiac electrophysiology modelling. We used a nonlocal FitzHugh-Nagumo monodomain model which describes the electrical activity in cardiac tissue with the diffusion rate assumed to depend on the total electrical potential in the heart. We established at first, the global Carleman estimate adapted to nonlocal diffusion to obtain our main result which is the uniqueness and the Lipschitz stability estimate for two ionic parameters (k , γ) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractMorin hydrate (MH) is a bioflavonoid belonging to flavonol class. Despite its pharmacological activities, MH has inherent low aqueous solubility and chemical instability hindering biological applications of this flavonol. In this regard, this study aimed to develop and characterize nanoemulsion containing MH. Nanoemulsion formulations were prepared using phase inversion temperature method and characterized by size, polydispersity index (PdI), physical stability, AFM analysis, incorporation efficiency (IE), and in vitro release. Following the formulation design, F10 formulation was chosen to incorporate MH. Nanoemulsion containing MH (MH-NE) showed droplet size in nanometric scale (< 100 nm) with homogeneous size distribution (PdI < 0.1). In addition, good physical stability of MH-NE was demonstrated using analytical photocentrifugation method where the light transmission profiles did not change throughout the emulsions. According to AFM analysis, oil droplets were mostly spherical or semi-spherical having sizes uniformly distributed. The IE of MH into nanoemulsion was approximately 100%, and in vitro release profile of this flavonol from formulation was gradual throughout the experiment. Therefore, using a reproducible method of low energy emulsification we developed a stable colloidal dispersion of nanoemulsion containing MH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]