1,736 results on '"STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas"'
Search Results
2. Do Political Leaders Impact Economic Freedom at the Local Level? Evidence from Close Elections.
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Raff, Zach, Swanson, Andrew, and Zanzalari, Danielle
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ECONOMIC liberty ,POLITICIANS ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,REGRESSION discontinuity design ,EMPLOYMENT policy ,MAJORITIES - Abstract
This paper examines whether state and local political leaders' partisan affiliations affect economic freedom at the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) level. Because political leaders' partisan affiliations likely correlate with unobserved state- and local-level characteristics that also affect the economic freedom levels of MSAs, we use a regression discontinuity design that leverages close elections as natural experiments to identify a causal effect. Using Stansel (2019)'s index, which aggregates a bundle of policies into a single measure of economic freedom, we find that close Republican majorities in the lower State House increase overall MSA-level economic freedom. This effect is realized through consistent governments (i.e., Republican governor and Republican State House majority) and primarily through changes in labor market policy. At the city level, Republican mayors also increase overall MSA-level economic freedom levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Cross Polar Reduction of a High Gain Wide-Band Stacked Microstrip Antenna Using Metasurfaces.
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Rochkari, Anjali, Verulkar, Shubhangi, Chaskar, Nayana, Trimukhe, Mahadu, and Gupta, Rajiv
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STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,ANTENNAS (Electronics) ,PERMITTIVITY ,SURFACE impedance ,ELECTRIC inductance - Abstract
In this article, a low-profile high gain stack microstrip antenna (MSA) with low Cross Polarization Level (CPL) using multiple meta-surfaces is proposed. MSA on a thick substrate having low dielectric constant enhances the gain and bandwidth (BW). However, as substrate thickness increases, the CPL increases due to the increase in coaxial probe length used for feeding MSA. The CPL is reduced by using metasurfaces formed by an array of square metallic patches of dimensions and periodicity < 0.1λ
0 . A suspended MSA (SMSA) is designed on a reactive impedance surface (RIS) backed substrate, to reduce the interaction between substrate and ground plane, surface waves and to increase impedance BW and polarization purity. A parasitic patch is fabricated on a superstrate and placed above the SMSA and metallic patches forming the metasurfaces are fabricated around the MSA, parasitic patch (PP) and on the other side of superstrate. These metasurfaces increase the inductance of the antenna, and to compensate the inductance, the height of SMSA and the spacing between MSA and PP are decreased which results in the decrease in probe feed length and CPL. This novel low-profile high gain wide band stack MSA offers CPL < -20 dB, Side Lobe Level (SLL) < -20 dB, Front to Back lobe ratio (F/B) > 20 dB, and S11 ≤ -10 dB over 3.3-3.6 GHz to cover 5G applications. The 0.935λ0 × 0.99λ0 × 0.046λ0 prototype antenna offers peak gain of 8.3 dBi, antenna efficiency > 90%, and λ0 being the free-space wavelength at 3.3 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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4. Urban Roadway in America: The Amount, Extent, and Value.
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Guerra, Erick, Duranton, Gilles, and Ma, Xinyu
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STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas , *TRANSPORTATION policy , *VARIABLE costs , *REAL property sales & prices , *LAND use - Abstract
AbstractProblem, research strategy, and findingsTakeaway for practiceWe predicted the amount, share, and value of land dedicated to roadways within and across 316 U.S. primary metropolitan statistical areas. Despite the amount and value of land dedicated to roadways, our study provides the first such estimate across a broad range of metropolitan areas. Our basic approach was to estimate roadway widths using a 10% sample of widths provided by the Highway Performance Monitoring System and apply our estimates to the rest of the roadway system. Multiplying estimated widths by segment length and netting out double counting at intersections provided estimates of land area. We also matched roadway segments and areas to existing land value estimates and satellite-based measures of urbanized land. We found that a little less than a quarter of urbanized land—roughly the size of West Virginia—was dedicated to roadway. This land was worth around $4.1 trillion in 2016 and had an annualized value that was higher than the total variable costs of the trucking sector and the total annual federal, state, and local expenditures on roadways. Conducting a back-of-the-envelope cost–benefit analysis, we found that the country likely has too much land dedicated to urban roads.Federal, state, and local agencies dedicate substantial time, money, and resources to providing roadways. Even with relatively generous assumptions and no external costs from driving, however, we estimated that the average cost of expanding roadways exceeded the benefits by a factor of nearly three when accounting for land value. Policymakers should question policies focused on roadway expansion and consider options to reduce the amount of space dedicated to roadway in favor of more housing, offices, and other land uses. In addition to our findings, we provide a novel data set that academics and policymakers can use to draw their own conclusions about the state of America’s urban roadways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Performance of health care service area definitions for capturing variation in inpatient care and social determinants of health.
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Crook, Hannah, Horta, Manuel, Michelson, Kenneth A., and Graves, John A.
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MEDICAL care , *HEALTH service areas , *SOCIAL determinants of health , *INPATIENT care , *STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas - Abstract
Objective: To quantify the degree to which health care service area (HCSA) definitions captured hospitalizations and heterogeneity in social determinants of health (SDOH). Data Sources and Study Setting: Geospatial data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Census Bureau, and the Dartmouth Institute. Drive‐time isochrones from MapBox. Area Deprivation Index (ADI) data. 2017 inpatient discharge data from Arizona, Florida, Iowa, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, and Wisconsin, State Emergency Department Databases and State Inpatient Databases, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; and Fee‐For‐Service Medicare data in 48 states. Study Design: Cross‐sectional, descriptive analysis. Data Collection/Extraction Methods: The capture rate was the percentage of inpatient discharges occurring in the same HCSA as the hospital. We compared capture rates for each HCSA definition for different populations and by hospital type. We measured SDOH heterogeneity using the coefficient of variation of the ADI among ZIP codes within each HCSA. Principal Findings: HCSA definitions captured a wide range of inpatient discharges, ranging from 20% to 50% for Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMAs) to 93%–97% for Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Three‐quarters of inpatient discharges were from facilities within the same county as the patient's residential ZIP code, while nearly two‐thirds were within the same Hospital Service Area. From the hospital perspective, 74.7% of inpatient discharges originated from within a 30‐min drive and 90.1% within a 60‐min drive. Capture rates were the lowest for teaching hospitals. PUMAs and drive‐time‐based HCSAs encompassed more homogenous populations while MSAs, Commuting Zones, and Hospital Referral Regions captured the most variation. Conclusions: The proportion of hospital discharges captured by each HCSA varied, with MSAs capturing the highest proportion of discharges and PUMAs capturing the lowest. Additionally, researchers face a trade‐off between capture rate and population homogeneity when deciding which HCSA to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Productivity Variations Across US Cities.
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Fingleton, Bernard
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STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas , *CITIES & towns , *ECONOMETRIC models - Abstract
Using a dynamic spatial panel model applied to 377 US Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs), estimated over the period 2011-2021, significant differences are found between large MSAs regarding the relationship between labour productivity and economic mass, as measured by GDP. The methodology adopted illustrates the state of the art for spatial econometric modeling as it is often needed in practice, allowing for multiple endogenous regressors and dynamic effects. The estimation method applies synthetic instruments designed to limit negative effects of instrument overabundance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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7. Gross Product, Population Distribution and Heterogeneity of Border Effects in Gravity Models of Trade.
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Query, Jason
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GRAVITY model (Social sciences) ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,INTERNATIONAL markets ,WILD animal trade ,HETEROGENEITY ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,MARKETING costs ,URBAN density - Abstract
In this paper, I estimate a gravity model that provides strong evidence that border effects are heterogeneous by region and test for the presence of the spatial attenuation effect and international market access costs. I introduce GDP, importer population density, and importer metropolitan statistical area count as determinants of the border effect. I find the strong and robust result that border effects are decreasing in the GDP of the importing and exporting region: a 10% increase in importer GDP results in a 3.24% to 3.67% increase in international trade relative to domestic trade while a 10% increase in exporter GDP results in an increase in international trade relative to domestic trade by between 2.41% and 2.68%. These results are robust to a variety of specifications and indicate the existence of the spatial attenuation effect. However, this paper finds no indication of market access costs differing significantly when trade crosses the U.S.-Canada border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Houston, you have a problem: How large cities accommodate more housing.
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Orlando, Anthony W. and Redfearn, Christian L.
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CITIES & towns ,HOUSING ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,HOUSE construction ,HOUSING policy - Abstract
We document how a select set of large and growing metropolitan areas have accommodated growth in their housing supply over 40 years. In particular, we examine how housing provision has evolved for the largest four metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in California and Texas. Despite differences in their topographies and regulatory environments, we find several common dynamics. As these MSAs grow, we see that fewer new net units are built at the periphery and a smaller share of the new units are built as single‐family detached houses. As a greater share of new net units are built in infill locations, more units are built using higher‐density—and more costly—multifamily housing construction techniques. Interestingly, we see these housing supply patterns in both "pro‐growth" MSAs and "highly regulated" MSAs. Among all of our sample MSAs, we also find a declining share of Census tracts that participate in accommodating growth. Our results are consistent with the existence of a convex housing supply curve. We believe that this secular trend will pose genuine challenges to many urban housing policies aimed at improving affordability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Does the Presence of an Internal Control Audit Affect Firm Operational Efficiency?*.
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Imdieke, Andrew J., Li, Chan, and Zhou, Shan
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INTERNAL auditing ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,SMALL business ,FINANCIAL statements ,OFFICES ,INDUSTRIAL efficiency - Abstract
Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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10. Comparing costs within and outside Alaska.
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GAS prices ,MORTGAGE rates ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,COST ,COST of living ,INTEREST rates ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas - Abstract
The article "Comparing costs within and outside Alaska" provides a comprehensive overview of the cost of living in various cities and regions in Alaska. It compares prices among cities using the Council for Community and Economic Research's cost-of-living index and regional price parities. Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau ranked lower in overall costs compared to major metropolitan areas on the coasts and Hawaii. Housing costs are a significant factor in cost differences, but Alaska cities also stand out in other categories such as utilities, groceries, healthcare, transportation, and miscellaneous goods and services. The article also discusses the housing market, fuel prices, and provides data on median monthly housing costs in different areas. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
11. Macroeconomic antecedents of racial disparities in psychiatricrelated emergency department visits.
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Singh, Parvati
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EMERGENCY room visits ,RACIAL inequality ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,EMPLOYMENT statistics ,AFRICAN Americans - Abstract
Objective: To test whether monthly declines in aggregate employment precede a rise in African American psychiatric-related ED visits (PREDVs) relative to white visits among low-income, working-age populations. Design: This study used repeated cross-sectional time series data for 6.7 million PREDVs among African Americans and white individuals from the State Emergency Department Database in 48 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) across four states (Arizona, California, New York, New Jersey) from 2006 to 2011. MSA-level monthly employment data were obtained from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. The outcome was specified as the race of a PREDV (African American = 1, white = 0). The exposure was operationalized as monthly percent change in MSA-level aggregate employment lagged by 0 to 3 months. Analysis included logistic regressions with county, month and year fixed effects, and clustered standard errors to examine the relation between odds of an African American PREDV (relative to white) following 0 to 3 months lag of MSA-level aggregate employment change. Findings: Logistic regression results indicate that the odds of PREDVs for publicly insured, working-age African Americans (relative to white individuals) increase 3 months after ambient employment decline (OR: 0.994, 95% CI: [0.990 0.998]). Conclusion: Economic downturns may marginally increase psychiatric help-seeking in EDs among publicly insured (low-income), working-age African Americans relative to white individuals. Findings from this study may contribute to the theoretical understanding of dynamic drivers of racial disparities in psychiatric ED visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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12. Investigating the Black Birth Experience: A Race-Stratified Analysis of Preterm Birth Risk and Exposure to Metropolitan Statistical Area-Level Police-Related Deaths, US 2018–2019.
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Dyer, Lauren, Judson, Jé, Jahn, Jaquelyn L., and Wallace, Maeve
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STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas , *PREMATURE labor , *GENERALIZED estimating equations , *SOCIAL determinants of health , *DEATH rate - Abstract
Police-related violence may be a source of chronic stress underlying entrenched racial inequities in reproductive health in the USA. Using publicly available data on police-related fatalities, we estimated total and victim race-specific rates of police-related fatalities (deaths per 100,000 population) in 2018–2019 for Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) and counties within MSAs in the USA. Rates were linked to data on live births by maternal MSA and county of residence. We fit adjusted log-Poisson models with generalized estimating equations and cluster-robust standard errors to estimate the relative risk of preterm birth associated with the middle and highest tertiles of police-related fatalities compared to the lowest tertile. We included a test for heterogeneity by maternal race/ethnicity and additionally fit race/ethnicity-stratified models for associations with victim race/ethnicity-specific police-related fatality rates. Fully adjusted models indicated significant adverse associations between police-related fatality rates and relative risk of preterm birth for the total population, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White groups separately. Results confirm the role of fatal police violence as a social determinant of population health outcomes and inequities, including preterm birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Time Playing Outdoors Among Children Aged 3–5 Years: National Survey of Children's Health, 2021.
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Dahl, Kelly L., Chen, Tiffany J., Nakayama, Jasmine Y., West, Margaret, Hamner, Heather C., Whitfield, Geoffrey P., and Dooyema, Carrie
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CHILDREN'S health , *STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas , *NEIGHBORHOOD characteristics , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *GIRLS - Abstract
Federal guidelines recommend physical activity throughout the day for preschool-aged children. Time playing outdoors can support physical activity participation, health, and development. Estimates of time playing outdoors among U.S. children aged 3–5 years have not been published. Parent/caregiver-reported data on children aged 3–5 years from the 2021 National Survey of Children's Health were analyzed in 2022–23. Chi-square tests were used to identify differences in time playing outdoors by sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted with significant characteristics for weekdays and weekend days. Among 11,743 children aged 3–5 years, 37% played outdoors for ≤1 hour on weekdays, and 24% played outdoors for ≤1 hour on weekend days. In 9 states, ≥40% of children played outdoors for ≤1 hour on weekdays. Adjusted models for weekdays and weekend days showed a greater likelihood of ≤1 hour playing outdoors among those in all racial/ethnic groups compared to non-Hispanic White, those who lived in metropolitan statistical areas, those who did not participate in child care, and those whose adult proxy disagreed with "we watch out for each other's children in this neighborhood." The weekday model showed additional differences by sex, with girls more likely to have ≤1 hour of time playing outdoors. Nearly 40% of preschool-aged children play outdoors for ≤1 hour per day on weekdays, with differences by sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics. Further study and interventions focused on building supportive, equitable communities might increase the amount of time preschool-aged children spend playing outdoors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Comparative Analysis of Spatial Human Mobility Parameters in 15 Most Populous U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas.
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Matloub, Zaid and Kostanic, Ivica
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STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas , *CHARGE carrier mobility , *COMPARATIVE studies , *FACTOR analysis - Abstract
This research paper presents the results of two studies investigating human mobility patterns in the 15 largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in the United States. It studied 14 daily mobility parameters aggregated at the MSA level, derived from four primary mobility parameters: Number of Visited Locations (N_LOC), Number of Unique Visited Locations (N_ULOC), Radius of Gyration (R_GYR), and Distance Traveled (D_TRAV) over a 30-day period. The first study was conducted on data from two large MSAs, one coastal and one inland (Boston and Atlanta, respectively). The aim was to examine associations between daily values of mobility parameters aggregated at the MSA level and identify those carrying similar or identical information. Results of factor analysis showed that these could be adequately described by two independent factors, pointing to one or two of the mobility parameters as sufficient to represent the whole set in analyses based on associations. These could either be D_TRAV, as it had high loadings on both factors, or N_LOC and R_GYR due to their high loadings on the two extracted factors. The second study was conducted on daily mobility datasets from the 15 MSAs. The aim was to compare daily mobility patterns of these MSAs and group them based on their mobility pattern similarities. Factor analysis of the aggregated mean daily distances (D_TRAV) across different MSAs over the studied period classified them into two distinct groups: one predominantly composed of inland MSAs and the other primarily of coastal MSAs. Strong weekly cycle trends emerged in these groups. Specifically, individuals from the inland MSA group tended to travel the furthest on Fridays and the least on Sundays, whereas those from the coastal MSA group traveled the most on Saturdays and the least on Mondays. This weekly pattern was robust, with 7-day lag autocorrelations of mean daily parameter values ranging between 0.81 to 0.99, excluding the mean daily N_LOC. These findings offer a foundational understanding of MSA mobility patterns, paving the way for more detailed studies on the nuances of these patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
15. Individual and interlinked SDGs: higher education institutions and metro area sustainability performance.
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Vien, Ha and Galik, Christopher S.
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SUSTAINABILITY , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas , *UNIVERSITY rankings , *PRINCIPAL components analysis , *SUSTAINABLE development - Abstract
Purpose: Recent scholarship has explored higher education institutions' (HEIs) role in transitioning to a sustainable society, but empirically, questions remain regarding their impact on the sustainability of surrounding areas. This study aims to examine the correlation between HEIs' sustainability actions and local sustainability performance. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a linear regression model and principal component analysis to examine the sustainability performance of 105 US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) using the US cities sustainable development goal (SDG) index, which hosts 427 HEIs known for sustainability efforts. The weighted HEI sustainability performance score is calculated based on the QS sustainability universities ranking. Findings: The correlation between MSA and HEI sustainability performance exhibits a mix of positive and negative associations, with individual and interlinked SDGs serving as proxies. These correlations encompass a wide range of goals, from economic aspects of SDG 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, social aspects of SDG10 and 16, to socio-environmental aspects of SDG12. Research limitations/implications: Further exploration is needed to identify the causal mechanisms behind associations between SDG measures and HEI sustainability performance, whether influenced by the institution, the individual or both. Practical implications: This study suggests that HEIs are already associated with some aspects of community sustainability, but greater contributions to a broader array of sustainability measures are possible. Social implications: The correlation found between HEI sustainability actions and SDG10, 12 and 16 index performance in an MSA highlights a connection between HEIs and the attainment of societal goals. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to examine the correlation between HEI and MSA sustainability performance in the US through individual and interlinked SDG proxies. It provides novel empirical evidence that demonstrates an association between HEI and some aspects of community sustainability performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. Productivity Shocks of Dominant Companies and Local Housing Markets.
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Thanh Nguyen, Staer, Arsenio, and Jing Yang
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STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,HOME prices ,HOUSING market ,RECESSIONS ,ECONOMIC expansion ,LABOR productivity - Abstract
We extend the literature on the influence of firm-level characteristics on housing markets by exploring the association between the labor productivity shocks of dominant firms and local housing prices. Using a sample of all U.S. firms from COMPUSTAT during 1980-2017, we find that the aggregate shocks of labor productivity of dominant firms at the metropolitan statistical area (MSA)-level explain for a significant portion of the local housing price changes in MSAs while controlling for other housing price determinants. About a year or more is required for the shocks to propagate through the local housing markets, which make them a viable predictor of future housing price. The productivity shock - housing price relation is stronger in areas that have more concentrated high-tech dominant firms or where dominant firms have closer links to their local non-dominant industry peers. Shocks are also more influential during economic expansion than economic contraction. Furthermore, the relation also exists at the zipcode level but the shocks propagate faster than at the MSA-level. The findings provide helpful insights for real estate practitioners and policymakers, especially in areas with a higher concentration of large companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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17. Evaluating spatial inequity in last-mile delivery: a national analysis.
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Fried, Travis, Goodchild, Anne Victoria, Sanchez-Diaz, Ivan, and Browne, Michael
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DELIVERY of goods ,THIRD-party logistics ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,URBAN planning ,RACIAL inequality - Abstract
Purpose: Despite large bodies of research related to the impacts of e-commerce on last-mile logistics and sustainability, there has been limited effort to evaluate urban freight using an equity lens. Therefore, this study proposes a modeling framework that enables researchers and planners to estimate the baseline equity performance of a major e-commerce platform and evaluate equity impacts of possible urban freight management strategies. The study also analyzes the sensitivity of various operational decisions to mitigate bias in the analysis. Design/methodology/approach: The model adapts empirical methodologies from activity-based modeling, transport equity evaluation, and residential freight trip generation (RFTG) to estimate person- and household-level delivery demand and cargo van traffic exposure in 41 U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Findings: Evaluating 12 measurements across varying population segments and spatial units, the study finds robust evidence for racial and socio-economic inequities in last-mile delivery for low-income and, especially, populations of color (POC). By the most conservative measurement, POC are exposed to roughly 35% more cargo van traffic than white populations on average, despite ordering less than half as many packages. The study explores the model's utility by evaluating a simple scenario that finds marginal equity gains for urban freight management strategies that prioritize line-haul efficiency improvements over those improving intra-neighborhood circulations. Originality/value: Presents a first effort in building a modeling framework for more equitable decision-making in last-mile delivery operations and broader city planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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18. Nearly uniform prices of fresh produce products in US retail chains and implications.
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Dong, Xiao and Astill, Gregory
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PRICES ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,CHAIN stores ,RETAIL industry ,MEAT - Abstract
This study provides evidence that retail prices of US fresh produce (fruits and vegetables) and fresh meat products are similar across stores within the same chain even though unique characteristics of fresh produce products might lend to more localization in pricing. The results show the median price difference of fresh produce is 5% within‐chain stores compared to 20% between‐chain stores. Furthermore, the results show no significant differences in fresh produce prices between‐chain stores that serve areas of differing food access nor significant differences in chain prices between Metropolitan Statistical Areas with implications to federal nutrition programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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19. Exploring the Impact of Public Health Emergencies on Urban Vitality Using a Difference-In-Difference Model.
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Chen, Yuqiao, Li, Bozhao, Liu, Songcao, and Cai, Zhongliang
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URBAN health , *STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas , *URBAN planners , *SPATIAL variation - Abstract
Urban vitality, a multifaceted construct, is influenced by economic conditions and urban structural characteristics, and can significantly be impacted by public health emergencies. While extensive research has been conducted on urban vitality, prevailing studies often rely on singular data sources, limiting the scope for holistic assessment. Moreover, there is a conspicuous absence of longitudinal analyses on urban vitality's evolution and a dearth of quantitative causal evaluations of the effects of public health emergencies. Addressing these gaps, this study devises a comprehensive framework for evaluating urban vitality, assessing Wuhan's vitality from 2018 to 2020 across economic, social, spatial, and ecological dimensions. Utilizing a Difference-In-Difference (DID) model, the impact of public health emergencies is quantified. The findings indicate pronounced spatial variations in Wuhan's urban vitality, with a gradational decline from the city center; public health emergencies exhibit differential impacts across vitality dimensions, detrimentally affecting economic, social, and spatial aspects, while bolstering ecological vitality. Moreover, high population and high public budget revenue are identified as factors enhancing urban vitality and bolstering the city's resilience against sudden adversities. This study offers valuable insights for geographers and urban planners, contributing to the refinement of urban development strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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20. Machine Learning Insights: Exploring Key Factors Influencing Sale-to-List Ratio—Insights from SVM Classification and Recursive Feature Selection in the US Real Estate Market.
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Sobieraj, Janusz and Metelski, Dominik
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REAL estate sales ,FEATURE selection ,BUSINESS negotiation ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,SUPPORT vector machines ,MACHINE learning ,RICE quality - Abstract
The US real estate market is a complex ecosystem influenced by multiple factors, making it critical for stakeholders to understand its dynamics. This study uses Zillow Econ (monthly) data from January 2018 to October 2023 across 100 major regions gathered through Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and advanced machine learning techniques, including radial kernel Support Vector Machines (SVMs), used to predict the sale-to-list ratio, a key metric that indicates the market health and competitiveness of the US real estate. Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) is used to identify influential variables that provide insight into market dynamics. Results show that SVM achieves approximately 85% accuracy, with temporal indicators such as Days to Pending and Days to Close, pricing dynamics such as Listing Price Cut and Share of Listings with Price Cut, and rental market conditions captured by the Zillow Observed Rent Index (ZORI) emerging as critical factors influencing the sale-to-list ratio. The comparison between SVM alphas and RFE highlights the importance of time, price, and rental market indicators in understanding market trends. This study underscores the interplay between these variables and provides actionable insights for stakeholders. By contextualizing the findings within the existing literature, this study emphasizes the importance of considering multiple factors in housing market analysis. Recommendations include using pricing dynamics and rental market conditions to inform pricing strategies and negotiation tactics. This study adds to the body of knowledge in real estate research and provides a foundation for informed decision-making in the ever-evolving real estate landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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21. Effect of Human Activity and Presence on the Behavior of Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in an Urban Tourism Site in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia.
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Entezami, Mahbod, Mustaqqim, Fiqri, Morris, Elizabeth, Lim, Erin Swee Hua, Prada, Joaquín M., and Paramasivam, Sharmini Julita
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KRA , *URBAN tourism , *ANIMAL welfare , *GROUP dynamics , *URBAN ecology , *PUBLIC spaces , *HUMAN-animal relationships , *STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas - Abstract
Simple Summary: Monkeys in urban spaces are often labeled as 'pests' by people who share spaces with them, mainly driven by their behavior to adapt and survive in a human-dominated environment. In Malaysia, there has been an increase in complaints about urban monkeys, which drives management strategies mainly to reduce human populations that impact the animals' welfare and conservation. Understanding the dynamics between monkeys, people, and the urban ecosystem is the first step to identifying the drivers of the complaints. This study investigates the types of ecological activities of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) at an urban tourism site and how human activity influences it. Monkeys were impacted negatively by the presence of humans. Less affiliative interactions were performed when human traffic was high; for example, less social behavior was seen in the group. The monkeys also used anthropogenic structures predominantly when people were present and would spend time on natural structures when people were not. This study supports evidence that monkeys alter behaviors to adapt to living in urban spaces. A structured management plan needs to consider these dynamics to manage complaints. The increasing overlap of resources between human and long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) (LTM) populations have escalated human–primate conflict. In Malaysia, LTMs are labeled as a 'pest' species due to the macaques' opportunistic nature. This study investigates the activity budget of LTMs in an urban tourism site and how human activities influence it. Observational data were collected from LTMs daily for a period of four months. The observed behaviors were compared across differing levels of human interaction, between different times of day, and between high, medium, and low human traffic zones. LTMs exhibited varying ecological behavior patterns when observed across zones of differing human traffic, e.g., higher inactivity when human presence is high. More concerning is the impact on these animals' welfare and group dynamics as the increase in interactions with humans takes place; we noted increased inactivity and reduced intra-group interaction. This study highlights the connection that LTMs make between human activity and sources of anthropogenic food. Only through understanding LTM interaction can the cause for human–primate conflict be better understood, and thus, more sustainable mitigation strategies can be generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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22. Structural Discrimination against and Structural Support for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People as a Predictor of Late HIV Diagnoses among Black Men who Have Sex with Men.
- Author
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Williams, Leslie D., McKetta, Sarah C., Stall, Ronald, Beane, Stephanie, Ibragimov, Umedjon, Tempalski, Barbara, Hall, H. Irene, Johnson, Anna Satcher, Wang, Guoshen, and Friedman, Samuel R.
- Subjects
- *
DELAYED diagnosis , *BLACK men , *STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas , *LGBTQ+ people , *HIV seroconversion , *HOMOPHOBIA - Abstract
Black men who have sex with men (MSM) have been consistently reported to have the highest estimated HIV incidence and prevalence among MSM. Despite broad theoretical understanding that discrimination is a major social and structural determinant that contributes to disparate HIV outcomes among Black MSM, relatively little extant research has empirically examined structural discrimination against sexual minorities as a predictor of HIV outcomes among this population. The present study therefore examines whether variation in policies that explicitly discriminate against lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people and variation in policies that explicitly protect LGB people differentially predict metropolitan statistical-area-level variation in late HIV diagnoses among Black MSM over time, from 2008 to 2014. HIV surveillance data on late HIV diagnoses among Black MSM in each of the 95 largest metropolitan statistical areas in the United States, from 2008 to 2014, were used along with data on time-varying state-level policies pertaining to the rights of LGB people. Results from multilevel models found a negative relationship between protective/supportive laws and late HIV diagnoses among Black MSM, and a positive relationship between discriminative laws and late HIV diagnoses among Black MSM. These findings illuminate the potential epidemiological importance of policies pertaining to LGB populations as structural determinants of HIV outcomes among Black MSM. They suggest a need for scrutiny and elimination of discriminatory policies, where such policies are currently in place, and for advocacy for policies that explicitly protect the rights of LGB people where they do not currently exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Locating Electrified Aircraft Service to Reduce Urban Congestion.
- Author
-
Bridgelall, Raj
- Subjects
- *
URBAN transportation , *STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas , *SHUTTLE services , *CITIES & towns , *PUBLIC spaces , *CITY dwellers , *AIR freight - Abstract
The relentless expansion of urban populations and the surge in e-commerce have increased the demand for rapid delivery services, leading to an increase in truck traffic that contributes to urban congestion, environmental pollution, and economic inefficiencies. The critical challenge this poses is not only in managing urban spaces efficiently but also in aligning with global sustainability goals. This study addresses the pressing need for innovative solutions to reduce reliance on truck transportation in congested urban areas without compromising the efficiency of freight delivery systems. This study contributes a novel approach that leverages electrified and autonomous aircraft (EAA) cargo shuttles to shift the bulk of air transportable freight from road to air, specifically targeting underutilized airports and establishing vertiports in remote locations. By applying data mining techniques to analyze freight flow data, this research identifies key commodity categories and metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) where the implementation of EAA services could significantly mitigate truck-induced congestion. The findings reveal that targeting a select few commodities and MSAs can potentially decrease truck traffic, with electronics emerging as the dominant commodity category, and cities like Los Angeles and Chicago as prime candidates for initial EAA service deployment. Stakeholders in urban planning, transportation logistics, and environmental policy will find this study's insights beneficial. This work lays a foundation for future innovations in sustainable urban mobility and logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The Disconnect Between Research and Practice in Healthcare Valuation.
- Author
-
Dietrich, Mark O.
- Subjects
VALUATION ,INCOME ,PHYSICIAN supply & demand ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,MEDICARE claims administration ,RURAL health clinics ,MARIJUANA legalization - Abstract
This article explores the disconnect between research and practice in healthcare valuation, noting that established beliefs often override research-based evidence. The author highlights the complexity of physician compensation and the reliance on surveys that fail to account for differences in physician incomes across states and local markets. The importance of conducting market analysis and considering local markets in healthcare valuation is emphasized. The article also discusses factors that influence physician practice and compensation, such as location and market concentration among health insurers. The text concludes by briefly mentioning the potential impact of the reclassification of marijuana on cannabis valuations. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
25. Part III.
- Subjects
INDIVIDUAL retirement accounts ,INCOME ,401(K) plans ,DEFINED contribution pension plans ,HOUSING ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,INSTALLMENT plan - Abstract
This document provides information on various topics related to taxes, insurance, and loan limits. It includes guidance on required minimum distributions (RMDs) for retirement accounts and discusses amendments made by the SECURE Act. The document also provides guidelines for foreign insurance companies and outlines the average area purchase prices for residences financed by qualified mortgage bonds. Additionally, it includes information on loan limits for different counties in various states. The document presents the information in a clear and factual manner, making it useful for library patrons conducting research on these topics. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
26. Regional Analysis.
- Author
-
Dobbins, Nick
- Subjects
STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,LAYOFFS ,PROFESSIONS ,CIVIL service ,MANUFACTURING industries - Abstract
According to the article "Regional Analysis" published in the Minnesota Employment Review, employment in the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) increased by 1% in April, with the largest growth seen in Mining, Logging, and Construction. The Duluth-Superior MSA had the lowest monthly growth in the state, while the Rochester MSA had the largest proportional growth over the year. The St. Cloud MSA added the most jobs in April, and the Fargo-Moorhead MSA had the largest proportional gains over the year. The Grand Forks-East Grand Forks MSA also experienced job growth. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
27. INCREASING ACCESS TO SKILLED LABOR FOR CLINICAL TESTING LABS: How a connectivity platform can enhance compliance, convenience, and quality control.
- Subjects
SKILLED labor ,CLINICAL pathology ,QUALITY control ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,MEDICAL care - Abstract
The article discusses the challenges faced by clinical testing labs and how a connectivity platform called My One Medical Source (MOMS) can help enhance compliance, convenience, and quality control. Clinical labs rely on skilled labor for specimen collection, which can be costly and complicated due to compliance standards. MOMS acts as a mediator, allowing labs to partner with a broader range of providers and expand their operations. The platform also simplifies administrative tasks, improves efficiency, and automates time-consuming processes. Additionally, MOMS prioritizes quality control by providing a comprehensive framework for consistent and accurate test results. Overall, the platform helps clinical labs improve patient care and streamline their operations. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
28. Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA).
- Author
-
Dobbins, Nick
- Subjects
STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,LAYOFFS - Abstract
The Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) added 2,544 jobs in March, with growth in some sectors and job losses in others. The largest growth came in Leisure and Hospitality, which added 3,297 jobs, while Manufacturing and Professional and Business Services saw declines. Over the year, the metro area added 22,337 jobs, with the largest growth in Government and Educational and Health Services. Other MSAs in Minnesota, such as Duluth-Superior, Rochester, St. Cloud, Mankato-North Mankato, Fargo-Moorhead, and Grand Forks-East Grand Forks, also experienced varying levels of job growth and losses. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
29. A CRA Overhaul Shakes the Industry: Regulators finalized a much-needed modernization of the Community Reinvestment Act, only to be met with resistance and confusion.
- Author
-
SNYDER, NAOMI
- Subjects
COMMUNITY Reinvestment Act of 1977 (U.S.) ,OVERDRAFTS ,BANKING laws ,CAPITAL requirements ,BANK loans ,FINANCIAL inclusion ,AGRICULTURAL credit ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,SMALL business loans - Abstract
The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) has undergone a modernization, but the changes have faced resistance and confusion. The final rule, which spans 1,480 pages, has been criticized for being overly complex and burdensome. Advocates argue that the rule will address credit access inequities and improve CRA ratings for banks, while critics believe that the CRA only needed minor adjustments. The new rules introduce tests and benchmarks for banks of different sizes, and compliance is expected to be expensive. Banks anticipate increased compliance costs and potential limitations on lending in new areas, but some believe the rules will encourage more lending in underserved areas. Concerns have been raised about fair lending violations and increased data collection by regulators. Trade associations have filed lawsuits challenging the new rules in favorable court jurisdictions. Banks will need to understand and prepare for the new rules to avoid negative consequences. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
30. Improving the Understanding of the U.S. Urban Racial Geography and Its Temporal Change Using the Racial Landscape Method.
- Author
-
Dmowska, Anna and Stepinski, Tomasz F.
- Subjects
- *
URBAN geography , *STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas , *GEOGRAPHY , *RESIDENTIAL segregation , *LANDSCAPES - Abstract
Racial landscape (RL) is an innovative methodology for studying racial geography that offers several advantages over current approaches. This article aims to highlight two key features of RL that have the potential to significantly impact the discipline. First, the RL approach introduces a fundamentally different method for assessing segregation compared to existing methods. The RL method allows us to calculate segregation for any arbitrary area without the need for subdivisions, diversity measures, reference regions, or reliance on census geography. Importantly, by using data from fifty-one Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) across the United States, we demonstrate that the RL's segregation metric produces comparable rankings of segregation among MSAs when compared to existing segregation indexes. Thus, although the RL expands the scope of problems where segregation can be quantified, it remains compatible with current segregation assessment practices. Second, we use data from the core parts of four selected MSAs in 1990 and 2020 to showcase how high-resolution RL-based racial maps can be employed for spatially explicit visual analyses of racial change. We discuss the potential impact of RL on the field, particularly in relation to segregation assessment and the evaluation of spatially explicit models of racial dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. 'Left behind places': what are they and why do they matter?
- Author
-
Fiorentino, Stefania, Glasmeier, Amy K, Lobao, Linda, Martin, Ron, and Tyler, Peter
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL clusters ,INDUSTRIAL districts ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,REAL estate economics ,GEOGRAPHY education ,UNITED States presidential election, 2016 ,SCHOOL elections - Abstract
The article explores the concept of "left behind" places, which are regions or localities that have experienced economic decline and face various challenges such as poverty and limited access to public services. These areas often struggle to adapt to economic changes and suffer from inadequate infrastructure. The persistence of disadvantage in these places has implications for economic growth, social equity, and political discontent. It is important to address the issues faced by these places in order to create more equitable and sustainable economies. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Deciphering the U.S. metropolitan house price dynamics.
- Author
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Plakandaras, Vasilios, Pragidis, Ioannis, and Karypidis, Paris
- Subjects
HOME prices ,REAL estate sales ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,REAL estate investment trusts ,PRICE levels - Abstract
In this article, we propose a novel estimator that builds on recent advances in heterogenous estimators to introduce the concepts of cross‐sectional heterogeneity and cross‐sectional dependency in the machine learning (ML) literature. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated in forecasting house prices at the county level for the 56 most populated Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the U.S., identifying bubbles in local house markets as they form and measuring the returns on a trading strategy based on model's forecasts. In doing so, we find that the proposed method achieves an out‐of‐sample error of 0.252 in house prices forecasting, while the most accurate econometric estimator has a forecasting error of 0.678 and the most accurate ML 0.763. In terms of bubble identification, the proposed model achieves a 0.470 recall against 0.390 and 0.380 of the most accurate econometric and ML, respectively. Finally, in terms of economic significance, a diversified portfolio of Real Estate Investment Trust stocks achieves an averaged return of 13.1%, which is twice as large as the second most profitable trading strategy. Our work has direct policy implications to market participants and monetary policy authorities as it shapes a new local approach to monitoring the real estate market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. How Are Cultural Industries Associated with Regional Innovation Systems?
- Author
-
Yum, Seungil
- Subjects
CULTURAL industries ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,SILICON Valley (Santa Clara County, Calif.) ,URBAN planners - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Road Salt Legacies: Quantifying Fluxes of Chloride to Groundwater and Surface Water Across the Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area.
- Author
-
Van Meter, K. J. and Ceisel, E.
- Subjects
STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,WATER table ,SALT ,WATER quality ,SNOWMELT - Abstract
Freshwater chloride concentrations have been increasing in North American surface waters for decades, largely driven by increases in the use of road salt, which is commonly applied as a deicer. In Chicago, thousands of tons of road salt are applied to roadways each winter, and increases in surface water chloride concentrations have been noted across the region since the mid‐1960s. While much of the applied salt runs directly off to nearby waterways during snowmelt events, some percolates to groundwater, affecting public supply wells and increasing the amount of chloride released to streams as baseflow during the non‐salting season. In the present study we have developed a spatially distributed chloride mass balance across the Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) for a 30‐year period (1990–2020) to better our understanding of long‐term chloride fluxes and storage. Our results show that inputs of road salt to the region increased by 33% between 1990 and 2020. During this same period, riverine chloride loads across the region increased by 60%. Despite these increases in riverine chloride export, we find that chloride is accumulating in CMSA groundwater at a rate of ∼480 ktons year−1. We show that shallow aquifers, <30 m, exhibit only seasonal chloride storage, without long‐term accumulation. In contrast, at depths below 30 m, we find chloride concentrations to be increasing over time, indicating that legacy chloride is accumulating at deeper depths in CMSA groundwater. The present results highlight the importance of legacy chloride to long‐term water quality dynamics in North American cities. Plain Language Summary: The amount of salt used on roads to melt snow and ice has been increasing for many years in North America. This salt can make its way into nearby surface waters and groundwater, and can cause problems for public water supplies and aquatic ecosystems. In Chicago, where thousands of tons of road salt are used each winter, researchers have found that the amount of salt entering rivers has increased by 60% since 1990. However, they have also found that a lot of the salt is accumulating in the deeper parts of the groundwater system, which means that even if less salt is used in the future, it will take a long time for the system to recover. This study highlights the importance of considering the long‐term effects of salt use on water quality in cities. Key Points: Road salt application in Chicago increased by ∼30% between 1990 and 2020Downstream chloride export from the Chicago region to the Illinois River totals ∼1,000 ktons year−1Groundwater is a major sink for legacy chloride in the Chicago region at depths below 30 m [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A Cost Analysis of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors in the United States.
- Author
-
Nabavizadeh, Behnam, Nguyen, Amanda, Li, Diane, van Meijgaard, Jeroen, and Breyer, Benjamin N.
- Subjects
- *
PHOSPHODIESTERASE inhibitors , *COST analysis , *STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas , *PHOSPHODIESTERASE-5 inhibitors , *SPOT prices - Abstract
To perform a cost analysis of generic and brand-name Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors at different dosages and pharmacies across the US. Using an all-payer retail pharmacy-claims database, we analyzed prescription drug data for three generic and six brand-name oral PDE5 inhibitors at different dosages across US chain and independent pharmacies in 2019. We obtained cash price data from 60,186 pharmacies (35,976 chain and 24,210 independent). The nationwide mean cash price per unit (PPU) ranged from $8.6 ± 5.2 (sildenafil 20 mg at chain pharmacies) to $107.1 ± 71 (Adcirca 20 mg at independent pharmacies) equal to 1145.3% difference. Chain pharmacies provided significantly lower average prices for one brand-name and six generic PDE5 inhibitors. Tadalafil PPU was cheaper at higher quantities, however, PPU increased with quantity prescribed for sildenafil. Looking at the top 10 metropolitan statistical areas, the highest PPUs were observed for tadalafil (Cialis) 10 mg and sildenafil (Viagra) 50 mg in Atlanta ($67.4 ± 8.7) and Los Angeles ($50.3 ± 24.0), while New York ($9.7 ± 2.6) and Miami ($27.9 ± 16.4) had the lowest PPUs for tadalafil (Cialis) 5 mg and sildenafil (Viagra) 100 mg, respectively. A substantial variability in PDE5 inhibitor cash prices exists across manufacturer, dosage, quantity, pharmacy type, and location. In addition, the pricing does not necessarily correlate with the regional socioeconomic factors. This highlights the importance of provider awareness and patient counseling on drug price including potentially assisting patients in identifying opportunities for cost savings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Acceptance of Insurance by Psychiatrists and Other Physicians, 2007–2016.
- Author
-
Carlo, Andrew D., Basu, Anirban, Unützer, Jürgen, and Jordan, Neil
- Subjects
MEDICAL care surveys ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,PSYCHIATRISTS ,OUTPATIENT medical care ,INSURANCE associations ,COMMUNITY mental health services - Abstract
The authors aimed to analyze psychiatrists' and other physicians' acceptance of insurance and the associations between insurance acceptance and specific physician- and practice-level characteristics. Using the restricted version of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, January 2007–December 2016, the authors analyzed acceptance of private insurance, public insurance, and any insurance among psychiatrists compared with nonpsychiatrist physicians. Because data were considered restricted, all analyses were conducted at federal Research Data Center facilities. The unweighted sample included an average of 4,725 physicians per 2-year time grouping between 2007 and 2016, with an average of 7% being psychiatrists. Nonpsychiatrists participated in all insurance networks at higher rates than did psychiatrists, and the acceptance gap was wider for public (Medicare and Medicaid) than private (noncapitated and capitated) insurance. Among psychiatrists, those practicing in metropolitan statistical areas and those in solo practices were significantly less likely than their peers in other locations and treatment settings to accept private, public, or any insurance. These findings were also observed among nonpsychiatrists, although to a lesser extent. In addition to general policy interventions to improve insurance network adequacy for psychiatric care, additional measures or incentives to promote insurance network participation should be considered for psychiatrists in solo practices and those in metropolitan areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Foreign-Born Resident Networks and Stock Comovement: When Local Bias Meets Home (Country) Bias.
- Author
-
Meng, Yun and Pantzalis, Christos
- Subjects
STOCK exchanges ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,IMMIGRANTS ,AMERICAN depository receipts ,INVESTORS - Abstract
Foreign migration flows have important stock market consequences. Foreign-born resident networks within U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) are associated with excess return comovement between locally headquartered stocks and American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) from countries with ties to the MSA through the network of foreign-born residents. This comovement is hardly due to correlated fundamentals and at least partially driven by correlated trading within members of a common investor base consisting of foreign-born residents. Our evidence has implications for both investors and foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) seeking to reap benefits from cross-listings and is consistent with the notion that foreign-born residents exhibit both local bias and home (country) bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. DREAM TEAM.
- Author
-
Verducci, Tom
- Subjects
- *
BLACK youth , *STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas , *BROTHERS - Abstract
Dave Stewart, a former MLB pitcher, is working to bring a diverse MLB franchise to Nashville. Stewart, who grew up in a troubled neighborhood in Oakland, was mentored by Hall of Famer Sandy Koufax, which transformed his career. Stewart is part of an ownership group called Music City Baseball, which aims to build a ballpark in Nashville and establish a team called the Nashville Stars. MLB has deferred serious talk about expansion, but if successful, Stewart's vision would bring diversity and inclusivity to the sport. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
39. Youth Sport Participation by Metropolitan Status: 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH).
- Author
-
Johnson, Ashleigh M., Bocarro, Jason N., and Saelens, Brian E.
- Subjects
- *
SPORTS participation , *CHILDREN'S health , *STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas , *FAMILY structure , *INCOME - Abstract
Purpose: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health to examine the association between metropolitan statistical area (MSA) status and sports participation among American youth ages 6-17. Methods: Weighted prevalence statistics were computed for sports participation by MSA status (non-MSA, MSA), overall and by child sex and age. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) for non-MSA versus MSA youth, before and after adjusting for special health-care needs, race/ethnicity, household income, parent education, and family structure. Results: The final sample included 30,029 youth [Mage = 11.6 years (SD = 0.4), 51.4% female, 49.0% White]. About 56% participated in sports in the past year. Sports participation was significantly higher among females versus males [59.1% (95% CI: 57.4%-60.7%) versus 52.1% (95% CI: 50.4%-53.8%), p < .001]. Among ages 6-11, those in non-MSAs (versus MSAs) were less likely to participate in sports [PR 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86-0.99), p = .033], which was non-significant after adjustment. In adjusted models, youth ages 12-17 in non-MSAs (versus in MSAs) were more likely to participate in sports overall [aPR 1.07 (95% CI: 1.00-1.15), p = .042] and among males [aPR 1.12 (95% CI: 1.01-1.23), p = .026]. Conclusion: The relationship between MSA status and sports participation may be largely driven by factors that affect youth's ability to participate in sports. Sports participation was higher among females versus males overall. In the models adjusted for demographics, non-MSA youth ages 12-17 were more likely to participate, particularly males. Efforts promoting youth sports should consider differences in socio-demographic factors between MSA versus non-MSA areas to help increase participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Riverine nitrogen source and yield in urban systems.
- Author
-
Chung, Angela H, Elliott, Emily M, Bain, Daniel J, Thomas, Brian F, River, Mark, Nim, Carl J, and Darden, Julie A
- Subjects
URBANIZATION ,BUDGET ,ATMOSPHERIC deposition ,CITIES & towns ,AGRICULTURE ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,NITROGEN cycle - Abstract
Although human reshaping of the nitrogen (N) cycle is well established, contributions of individual N sources to riverine and coastal eutrophication are less certain. Urban N fluxes are potentially substantial, particularly from sewer overflows. Results from four longitudinal surveys in rivers in and around the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, were used to characterize N chemistry and isotopic composition and were compared with LOADEST‐model‐derived total N (TN) flux budgets from three urban areas along the Ohio River (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Cincinnati, Ohio; and Louisville, Kentucky). Triple nitrate isotopes reveal that riverine nitrate in the Pittsburgh region is dominated by wastewater inputs despite high atmospheric deposition rates. Our budget estimates demonstrate that the magnitude of urban N yields is comparable to yields reported for agricultural watersheds and that these high urban N yields cannot consist of permitted, point‐source discharges alone. Our results reveal that nonpoint sources in urban systems represent an important but overlooked source of TN to overall riverine budgets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Complicating 'Suburbanization' and Spatial Assimilation: The Complex Residential Patterns of Southeast Asian Americans in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area from 1990 to 2010.
- Author
-
Xiong, Yang Sao and Pfeifer, Mark E.
- Subjects
METROPOLITAN areas ,SUBURBS ,SOUTHEAST Asians ,RESIDENTIAL patterns ,ASIAN Americans ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,SUBURBANIZATION - Abstract
Although spatial assimilation has often been defined as the process whereby a group attains residential propinquity with majority members of a host society, we argue that for certain immigrant groups, substantial suburbanization does not necessarily lead to racial integration. Our analysis using data from the U.S. Census Bureau reveals that between 1990 and 2010, Southeast Asian former refugees in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Statistical Area experienced substantial suburbanization, which is expected given their improved socioeconomic status. However, Southeast Asians' suburbanization has not led to residential propinquity with non-Hispanic Whites. Despite a small decline in Southeast Asians' overall segregation at the metropolitan area level during the previous two decades, their segregation levels, as measured by the dissimilarity index, remained unchanged or increased in the central city and the suburbs. Furthermore, our findings reveal different ethnic concentration and segregation patterns among four Southeast Asian subgroups, complicating the meaning of 'suburbanization' as simply a process in which people move from the inner city to its less urban outskirts. The finding that substantial suburbanization coexists with high levels of segregation and ethnic concentration raises questions about the assumptions of both the spatial assimilation and place stratification models of immigrant residential processes and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Customer obsession – the springboard for a value creation strategy.
- Author
-
Weinstein, Art T.
- Subjects
CUSTOMER cocreation ,VALUE creation ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,CONSUMERS ,BUSINESS success ,QUALITATIVE research - Abstract
Purpose: Customer-obsessed organizations put customers first, create exceptional value and enhance business performance. This paper aims to offer a framework for implementing the customer obsession construct. Design/methodology/approach: Using relevant customer value literature, syndicated research and a qualitative analysis, customer obsession insights are offered. Findings: Customer-obsessed companies know their customers' needs and engage with them to offer the best solutions. Four customer-centric stages are evaluated, and applications of customer obsession in the Now Economy are discussed. Research limitations/implications: This analysis of customer obsession is largely conceptual and presents a case study in one metropolitan statistical area. Although the findings are insightful, it may not be representative of the US or global health-care market. Practical implications: Strategic implications relate to a bias for action, types of business obsessions, values alignment and benchmarking. This paper features an in-depth case study on Baptist Health South Florida which assesses customer obsession using a customer value framework. Originality/value: Customer obsession is a strategic mindset built upon strong leadership, a sound business culture and superior value. While critical to business success, there has been limited scholarly work in this area. This paper fills that gap by providing a managerial approach for understanding this key business priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Nationwide trends in and regional factors associated with minimally invasive hysterectomy for benign indications in Japan.
- Author
-
Isoyama, Kyoko, Matsuura, Motoki, Hayasaka, Misa, Nagao, Sachiko, Nishimura, Yoko, Yoshioka, Toshiki, Imai, Yuichi, Miyagi, Etsuko, Suzuki, Yukio, and Saito, Tsuyoshi
- Subjects
- *
HYSTERECTOMY , *MINIMALLY invasive procedures , *NATIONAL health insurance , *REGIONAL disparities , *STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas - Abstract
• Minimally invasive hysterectomy is increasing over time in Japan nationwide. • Significant regional disparities are associated with the number of laparoscopy-qualified gynecologists. • More than 50% of hysterectomies have been performed as MIS since 2019. To examine the prevalence trends of minimally invasive hysterectomy for benign indications in Japan and investigate regional disparities. A retrospective cohort and ecological study using "The National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) Open Data". Nationwide Japan. Individuals who underwent hysterectomy for benign indications from 2014 to 2020. Trend analysis of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) rates through laparoscopic hysterectomies (LH) and robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomies (RA-LH) at the national and prefecture levels. Examination of regional factors contributing to the disparity in MIS implementation rates by second medical service area (SMSA). The number of LH has increased from 16,016 in 2014 to 27,755 in 2020. The nationwide MIS hysterectomy rate increased from 29% in 2014 to 55% in 2020 (p less than 0.001). More than 50% of hysterectomies have been performed as MIS since 2019. There was an increasing trend in MIS rates in all age groups. All prefectures except one showed a significant upward trend (p less than 0.05) in the MIS rates, but MIS rates varied widely (23–84%). In a multivariable model, the MIS was more likely to be performed in the SMSAs in western Japan (p = 0.011), in the SMSAs where the number of laparoscopy-qualified gynecologists is 5–10 (p = 0.013), and 11 or higher (p less than 0.001). This study reveals a shift towards minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in total hysterectomy procedures in Japan. However, significant disparities in the prevalence of MIS hysterectomy exist, potentially influenced by the number of laparoscopy-qualified gynecologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Using natural language processing to construct a National Zoning and Land Use Database.
- Author
-
Mleczko, Matthew and Desmond, Matthew
- Subjects
- *
NATURAL language processing , *LAND use , *DATABASES , *STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas , *RESIDENTIAL segregation - Abstract
In the United States, zoning and land use policies have been linked to high housing costs and residential segregation. Yet almost all zoning and land use data come from a handful of cross-sectional surveys, which are costly, time intensive, subject to low response rates and measurement error and are quickly dated. As an alternative, we constructed a National Zoning and Land Use Database using natural language processing techniques on publicly available administrative data. We show this new database and our parsimonious measure of exclusionary zoning, the Zoning Restrictiveness Index, to be consistent with the Wharton Residential Land Use Regulatory Index (2018) and the National Longitudinal Land Use Survey (2019). Additionally, we overcome other limitations of these survey approaches, both by capturing previously omitted and important elements of land use policy and by revealing the land use regulations for a near-universe of municipalities in the San Francisco and Houston metropolitan statistical areas. We make all code and data publicly available, allowing the National Zoning and Land Use Database to be replicated in future years to ensure accurate, up-to-date and longitudinal nationwide zoning and land use data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. New Model to Predict Recurrence After Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Non-pedunculated Colonic Polyps ≥ 20 mm.
- Author
-
Gomez Cifuentes, Juan D., Berger, Scott, Caskey, Kadon, Jove, Andre, Sealock, Robert, Hair, Clark, Velez, Maria, Jarbrink-Sehgal, Maria, Thrift, Aaron P., da Costa Jr., Wilson L., and Gyanprakash, Ketwaroo
- Subjects
- *
ENDOSCOPIC surgery , *COLECTOMY , *POLYPS , *RECEIVER operating characteristic curves , *STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas - Abstract
Background: Polyp recurrence is common after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of non-pedunculated colonic polyps ≥ 20 mm. Two models haven been published for polyp recurrence prediction: Sydney EMR recurrence tool (SERT) and the size, morphology, colonic site, and access to target (SMSA) score. None of these models have been evaluated in a real-world United States (U.S.) cohort. We aimed to evaluate the external validity of these two models and develop a new model. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients with non-pedunculated polyps ≥ 20 mm that underwent EMR between 1/1/2012 and 6/30/2020. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify predictors of polyp recurrence to build a new model. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for the new model, SERT and a modified version of SMSA were derived and compared. Results: A total of 461 polyps from 461 unique patients were included for analysis. The average polyp size was 29.1 ± 12.4 mm. Recurrence rate at first or second surveillance colonoscopy was 29.0% at a 15.6 months median follow up (IQR 12.3–17.4). A model was created with 4 variables from index colonoscopy: size > 40 mm, tubulovillous adenoma histology, right colon location and piecemeal resection. ROC curves showed that the Area Under the ROC (AUC) for the new model was 0.618, for SERT 0.538 and for mSMSA 0.550. Conclusion: SERT score and mSMSA have poor external validity to predict polyp recurrence after EMR of non-pedunculated polyps > 20 mm. Our new model is simpler and performs better in this multiethnic, non-referral cohort from the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Differences in Commercial Insurer Pay Rates Dominate Healthcare Valuation (Unless You’re Relying on Surveys).
- Author
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Dietrich, Mark O.
- Subjects
WAGES ,VALUATION ,INSURANCE companies ,INSURANCE company personnel ,MEDICAL care ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas - Published
- 2023
47. THE METICULOUS HUNT.
- Author
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DALY, NATASHA
- Subjects
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YOUNG adults , *GRASSLANDS , *STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas , *ICE floes - Abstract
The article presents the discussion on a hundred known to have mastered a hunting technique called wave washing. Topics include sheet of sea ice being the nearly thousand-pound seal would be unreachable for most marine predators; and spending a decade tracking the orcas known as B1, a population of pack ice killer whales.
- Published
- 2023
48. Regional Analysis.
- Author
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Dobbins, Nick
- Subjects
STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,RECREATION industry - Published
- 2023
49. GO WEST.
- Author
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Hunt, Harold, Natarajan, Mallika, and Chatterjee, Priyadarshini
- Subjects
HOME sales ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,LABOR market ,HOME health aides ,AMERICAN Community Survey ,WAGES ,GAS industry - Published
- 2023
50. A machine learning approach for predicting hurricane evacuee destination location using smartphone location data.
- Author
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Anyidoho, Prosper K., Ju, Xinglong, Davidson, Rachel A., and Nozick, Linda K.
- Subjects
LOCATION data ,MACHINE learning ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,HURRICANES ,GRAVITY model (Social sciences) - Abstract
Evacuation destination choice modeling is an integral aspect of evacuation planning. Outputs from such models are required to estimate the clearance times on which evacuation orders are based. The number of evacuees arriving at each destination also informs allocation of resources and shelter planning. Despite its importance, evacuee destination modeling has not received as much attention as identifying who evacuates and when. In this study, we present a new approach to identify evacuees and determine where they go and when using privacy-enhanced smartphone location data. We demonstrate the method using data from four recent U.S. hurricanes affecting multiple geographies (Florence 2018, Michael 2018, Dorian 2019, and Ida 2021). We then build on those results to develop a new machine learning model that predicts the number of evacuees that move between pairs of metropolitan statistical areas. The machine learning model incorporates hurricane characteristics, which have not been thoroughly exploited by existing methods. The model's predictive power is comprehensively evaluated through a tenfold cross validation, holdout validation using Hurricane Ida (2021), and comparison with the traditional gravity model. Results suggest that the new model substantially outperforms the traditional gravity model across all performance indicators. Analysis of feature importance in the machine learning model indicates that in addition to distance and population, hurricane characteristics are important in evacuee destination choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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