26,138 results on '"STATE GOVERNMENTS"'
Search Results
2. Empowering rural communities: The impact of the 73rd constitutional amendment on panchayats in India
- Author
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Sonkar, Sumit and Ojha, Anurag
- Published
- 2024
3. Placing, Bounding, Bordering, Territorializing: NRHP Criteria and Public Memory at North Carolina’s Somerset Place State Historic Site.
- Author
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Biggs, Mary T.
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COLLECTIVE memory , *HISTORIC sites , *STATUS (Law) , *GOVERNMENT agencies , *STATE governments - Abstract
I define territory as embodied, relational, processual, and imaginative: power enacted upon and through place. In the following article, I use this generative definition of territory as a lens to interrogate how memory becomes placed and bounded at Somerset Place, a historic plantation site in North Carolina. Through archival research into the negotiations between two state government agencies on the legal status of Somerset Place between 1939-1965, as well as analysis of the gendered and racialized criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, I uncover how historic space was defined against recreational space – not only in the creation of Somerset Place, but in the heritage boom of the mid-twentieth century more broadly. In addition, by understanding territory as the historicized and ongoing enactment of power upon and through place, I reveal how formal and informal territories of public memory and public space are continuously defined, negotiated, and claimed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. LGBT employees in state agencies and their creation of psychological meaningfulness.
- Author
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Nguyen, Dominic Ngoc
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LGBTQ+ employees , *STATE government personnel , *RESEARCH questions , *STATE governments , *JOB involvement - Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore how LGBT employees in state government agencies described how they created their own meaningfulness in the workplace in the US. The theoretical foundation for this study was the Employee Engagement theory by Kahn [Acad Manag J 33(4):692–724, 1990]. Purposive sampling was used to identify 43 questionnaires and 15 semi-structured interviews. Data were then coded and thematically analyzed to answer the research question. Findings revealed LGBT state employees created their psychological meaningfulness by ensuring that they make an impact or difference at work, and by connecting with other people or colleagues. Limitations include the research method and bias. Future research is recommended to explore how other groups within the LGBT community create their psychological meaningfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Employer Strategies for Health Care Price Transparency.
- Author
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Ozminkowski, Ronald J.
- Subjects
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COST control , *MEDICAL quality control , *INSURANCE , *HEALTH insurance , *HEALTH policy , *HOSPITALS , *STATE governments , *INFORMATION resources , *PHARMACEUTICAL industry , *FEDERAL government , *EMPLOYER-sponsored health insurance , *INSURANCE companies , *MEDICAL care costs , *GOVERNMENT regulation - Abstract
This paper describes hospital, insurance, and pharmaceutical price transparency policies and applications in the United States and in selected countries around the world. Many of these policies apply to self-insured employers. So far, the experience in the United States and elsewhere is clear that federal and state price transparency regulations have had little impact on whether employees or dependents search for low-cost or high-quality providers or on the cost and quality of their health care. This is because of weak regulatory oversight, conflicting federal and state reporting requirements, and few economic incentives for providers and insurance companies to supply easily readable or analyzable price information. However, price transparency requirements are here to stay. This paper therefore offers several recommendations to maximize the utility of price transparency tools provided for employees and other insureds, by their employers, providers, commercial insurance carriers, or technology firms. From a policy perspective, coupling reporting requirements with clearer technological guidance and much stronger regulatory oversight would increase the utility of price transparency efforts. For individual employers, the impact of price transparency efforts may increase by coupling price transparency tools with health plan network and design strategies, behavioral economic nudges, and programs designed to improve health, well-being, and quality of care. Many program vendor partners, consultants, and actuarial, technology, and research firms can help make these efforts useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Neurodiversity and the Neuro-Neutral State.
- Author
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de Vries, Bouke
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DIVERSITY & inclusion policies , *ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder , *SOCIAL justice , *NEURODIVERSITY , *AUTISM , *DYSLEXIA , *STATE governments , *ETHICS , *QUALITY of life , *DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) , *ASPERGER'S syndrome - Abstract
Over the past decade, many philosophers have argued that to respect the moral equality of their citizens, states should be neutral toward certain forms of diversity among their populations. Areas in which the state neutrality has been advocated include, but are not limited to, citizens' different religions; languages; and sexual orientations. However, there remains an important area where its normative (ir)relevance has not been discussed: That of neurodiversity. After identifying several ways in which contemporary states disfavor the interests of neurodivergent groups relative to the neurotypical majority, including those of autistic people; dyslectic people; and people with ADHD, the most promising would be-justifications for such unequal treatment are considered. They maintain respectively that states only have to be neutral toward differences that feature in people's conceptions of the good life; that addressing the discussed neuro-inequalities is too costly, whether financially or otherwise; that doing so raises intolerable risks of a public backlash; and that a commitment to neuro-neutrality leads to overinclusion. None are found to be convincing across the board, which leads me to conclude that states should become significantly more neuro-neutral than they are today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Paradiplomacy in Hard Times: Cooperation and Confrontation in Subnational U.S.–China Relations.
- Author
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Jaros, Kyle A and Newland, Sara A
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CITIES & towns , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *POLITICAL parties , *STATE governments , *PUBLIC officers , *COOPERATION - Abstract
What becomes of subnational foreign engagement when international tensions rise? State-level U.S.–China relations offer insights into unresolved theoretical questions about the dynamics of what we call "paradiplomacy in hard times." Whereas U.S. state governments expanded official engagements with China in the early 2010s, many states and cities have scaled back engagement and introduced anti-PRC measures in recent years amid worsening U.S.–China friction. We draw on an original dataset of state-level policy actions toward China (2012–2022) to assess patterns of variation across time and space in subnational U.S.–China relations, showing that subnational foreign relations in times of tension feature distinct dimensions of cooperation and confrontation. Meanwhile, we use a detailed case study of Indiana–China relations to develop insights into drivers of subnational cooperation and confrontation, highlighting the diverging interests and actions of the business community, state officials, federal officials, political parties, and Chinese government counterparts in shaping states' foreign relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Building A Comprehensive, Longitudinal Dataset to Advance Research on the Efficacy of State-Level Anti-bullying Legislation: 1999 to 2017.
- Author
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Ramirez, Marizen R., Ryan, Andrew, Lymn, Katherine, Burris, Scott, Cook, Amy, Cloud, Lindsay K., and Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.
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BULLYING prevention , *ANTI-bullying laws , *VICTIMS , *DATABASE management , *GOVERNMENT policy , *RESEARCH funding , *LEGISLATION , *CONTENT analysis , *STATE governments , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MEDICAL research , *PRACTICAL politics , *GOVERNMENT regulation - Abstract
Bullying is one of the most common forms of youth violence and is associated with myriad adverse consequences over the life course. There has been increasing interest in examining whether anti-bullying legislation is effective in preventing bullying victimization and its negative effects. However, a lack of data structures that comprehensively and longitudinally assess anti-bullying legislation and its provisions has hampered this effort. We provide 18 years of data (1999–2017) on anti-bullying legislation and amendments across 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, which we are making publicly available at LawAtlas.org. This article describes how the legal content analysis was conducted, provides information on the reliability of the coding, and details provisions of the legislation that were coded, such as funding provisions and enumerated groups (a total of 122 individual codes are provided). Over 90% of states had at least one amendment to their legislation during this 18-year period (range: 0–22; Mean = 6.1), highlighting both the evolving content of anti-bullying statutes and the importance of tracking these changes with longitudinal data. Additionally, we offer illustrative examples of the kinds of research questions that might be pursued with these new data. For instance, using survival analyses, we show that a variety of state characteristics (e.g., political leaning of state legislatures) predict time to adoption of key provisions of anti-bullying legislation (e.g., the comprehensiveness of legal provisions). Finally, we end with a discussion of how the dataset might be used in future research on the efficacy of anti-bullying legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. The Coevolution of Networks of Interstate Support, Interstate Threat, and Civil War.
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Beardsley, Kyle
- Subjects
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INTERSTATE relations , *CIVIL war , *NATIONAL security , *ARMED Forces , *STATE governments - Abstract
Interstate and intrastate conflicts are nested in broader networks of rivalry and cooperation and can be modeled as such. An intergroup security dilemma logic points to trade-offs states face as they cultivate "support groups"—receiving security assistance has the potential to attract aggression and subversion from other states. Hypotheses from this logic are evaluated using stochastic actor-oriented models treating support ties, interstate threat ties, and intrastate conflict as mutually constitutive. The results show that support groups with high military capacity but low levels of interest congruence are associated with higher propensities for interstate threat and intrastate conflict. Support groups with both high levels of interest congruence and high military capacity do not experience an increase in propensity for interstate threat or intrastate conflict. A novel finding emerges: the same types of support relationships that are associated with interstate threats also are associated with intrastate conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Post-Dobbs Abortion Restrictions and the Families They Leave Behind.
- Author
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Madden, Nigel, Trawick, Emma, Watson, Katie, and Yee, Lynn M.
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ABORTION laws , *ABORTION in the United States , *HEALTH services accessibility , *REPRODUCTIVE health , *CHILD health services , *MATERNAL & infant welfare , *SOCIOECONOMIC status , *STATE governments , *POPULATION geography , *FINANCIAL stress , *SOCIAL case work , *GESTATIONAL age , *ATTITUDES toward abortion , *FAMILY support , *SOCIAL support , *MINORITIES , *SOCIAL classes - Abstract
The June 24, 2022 US Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization resulted in an expansive restriction on abortion access that had been constitutionally guaranteed for nearly half a century. Currently, 14 states have implemented complete bans on abortion with very limited exceptions, and an additional 7 states have implemented abortion bans at 6 to 18 weeks' gestation. It has been well demonstrated that restrictive policies disproportionately limit abortion access for minoritized people and people of low socioeconomic status; the financial and geographic barriers of these post- Dobbs restrictions will only exacerbate this disparity. Proponents of abortion restrictions, who identify as pro-life, assert that these policies are essential to protect children, women, and families. We examine whether the protection of these groups extends past conception by evaluating the association between state abortion legislation and state-based policies and programs designed to provide medical and social support for children, women, and families. We found that states with the most restrictive post- Dobbs abortion policies in fact have the least comprehensive and inclusive public infrastructure to support these groups. We suggest further opportunities for advocacy. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(10):1043–1050. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307792) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Navigating the Labyrinth of Pregnancy-Related Coverage for Undocumented Immigrants: An Assessment of Current State and Federal Policies.
- Author
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DiMeo, Amanda, Logendran, Rasheca, Sommers, Benjamin D., Beecroft, Alexandra, Herencia, Yessamin Pazos, Bazan, Maria, Wade, Carrie, Sprankle, Jeffrey, Sullivan, Margaret M., and Molina, Rose L.
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HEALTH services accessibility , *INSURANCE , *MATERNAL health services , *HEALTH policy , *HEALTH insurance , *CHILD health services , *STATE governments , *POPULATION geography , *MISINFORMATION , *PATIENT-centered care , *FEDERAL government , *MEDICAID - Abstract
Insurance coverage for prenatal care, labor and delivery care, and postpartum care for undocumented immigrants consists of a patchwork of state and federal policies, which varies widely by state. According to federal law, states must provide coverage for labor and delivery through Emergency Medicaid. Various states have additional prenatal and postpartum coverage for undocumented immigrants through policy mechanisms such as the Children's Health Insurance Program's "unborn child" option, expansion of Medicaid, and independent state-level mechanisms. Using a search of state Medicaid and federal government websites, we found that 27 states and the District of Columbia provide additional coverage for prenatal care, postpartum care, or both, while 23 states do not. Twelve states include any postpartum coverage; 7 provide coverage for 12 months postpartum. Although information regarding coverage is available publicly online, there exist many barriers to access, such as lack of transparency, lack of availability of information in multiple languages, and incorrect information. More inclusive and easily accessible policies are needed as the first step toward improving maternal health among undocumented immigrants, a population trapped in a complicated web of immigration policy and a maternal health crisis. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(10):1051–1060. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307750) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Regulation timing in the states: The role of divided government and legislative recess.
- Author
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Bark, Tracey, Bell, Elizabeth, and Ter‐Mkrtchyan, Ani
- Subjects
STATE governments ,POLICY sciences ,TERRITORIAL partition ,BALANCE of power ,STATE regulation ,BUREAUCRACY - Abstract
Bureaucratic rulemaking is a key feature of American policymaking. However, rulemaking activities do not occur uniformly, but fluctuate throughout the year. We consider three mechanisms to explain these changes in rule volume, each of which produces unique expectations for rulemaking during periods of divided government and legislative recess. To test these expectations, we leverage an original dataset including all rules proposed by bureaucratic agencies in three U.S. states from 2004 to 2013 matched with data tracking periods of divided government and legislative recess. We find that state bureaucracies publish significantly more proposed rules during periods of divided government or a split legislature and are most productive in the months immediately following legislative recess. These results underscore the importance of bureaucratic policymaking and improve our understanding of the balance of power between branches of state governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Political fragmentation and "The purple zone": how party fragmentation affects political–administrative relations.
- Author
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Jacobsen, Dag Ingvar
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FISCAL policy ,STATE governments ,GOVERNMENT policy ,FEDERAL budgets ,MUNICIPAL government - Abstract
A good cooperative relationship between politics and administration is essential to good governance and efficient decision making in public organisations. This study of the cooperative relationship is based on the notion that politics and administration is intertwined, making interaction between politicians and administrators necessary. The study focuses on how political fragmentation affects cooperative relations between politics and administration. Using data from both Norwegian mayors and municipal directors (436 respondents from 303 municipalities), the effects of three different types of political fragmentation are investigated: number of political parties in council and the steering coalition, the Laakso-Taagepera index, and ideological distance between parties. The findings indicate that cooperative relationships get worse with increasing ideological distance and improves with political fragmentation in the council under the conditions of divided government (political parties in the steering coalition spanning both sides of the left–right dimensions). Implications for the study of political–administrative relations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Horizontal and vertical interactions in local fiscal slack: a spatial analysis of local governments in New York state.
- Author
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Shon, Jongmin and Kwak, Sunjoo
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FISCAL policy ,STATE governments ,GOVERNMENT policy ,MUNICIPAL government ,FEDERAL budgets - Abstract
With the recurring economic crises, the literature on fiscal savings behaviour has expanded its scope from state governments relying on budget stabilisation or rain-day funds to local governments mainly using general fund balances. While many studies have explored the determinants of local savings behaviour, few have taken fiscal interactions among local governments into account. To fill out this gap, this study explores whether spatial interdependence in fiscal slack exists horizontally between counties and vertically across counties and municipalities through the unreserved fund balance of local governments in New York State from 1996 to 2016. The empirical findings indicate that horizontal interdependence in fiscal slack among county governments exists in the short-run, while vertical interdependence is observed across counties and municipalities in the long-run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. The influence of political disagreements and corruption on state health leader turnover during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.
- Author
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Barberia, Lorena G., Masiero, Gilmar, Alves de Lima, Iana, Santana, Luciana, and Moraes de Sousa, Tatiane C.
- Subjects
EMPLOYEE retention ,POLICY sciences ,RESEARCH funding ,CONFLICT (Psychology) ,LABOR turnover ,LEADERSHIP ,STATE governments ,QUANTITATIVE research ,TIME series analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ELECTIONS ,EMPLOYEE promotions ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,PRACTICAL politics ,FRAUD ,PUBLIC health ,MAPS ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PROFESSIONAL competence - Abstract
Purpose: Governments faced formidable challenges in coordinating public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to enhance the understanding of effective organizational leadership during crises by investigating the factors influencing the turnover of health leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach: Using primary data encompassing all appointments and dismissals of federal and state health secretaries, this paper conducted a quantitative analysis of the relational and reputational factors that contributed to leader turnover during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper also examined whether leaders' management and public health experience increase the duration of tenure. Findings: States encountered significant challenges in retaining experienced and effective leadership during the health emergency, primarily due to political conflicts in policymaking and, to a lesser extent, allegations of corruption. Furthermore, leaders with expertise in public health were found to be less likely to be removed from office. However, managerial experience did not prolong the tenure of state health secretaries during the emergency. Research limitations/implications: Since most health leaders have public health and management experience, the contributions of each factor to the duration of a secretary's tenure are difficult to separate and analyze separately. Practical implications: This study provides empirical insights into what factors drive health leader turnover during major health emergencies. Social implications: During major health emergencies, health leaders often strongly disagree with elected officials on the response. This paper test how crisis leadership theories help explain state health leaders' duration in one of the world's largest public health systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper find that policy disagreements contributed to significant turnover. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper is the first that are aware of that uses novel primary data on public health executive leader characteristics and turnover causes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It provides empirical evidence contributing to the crisis leadership literature by examining health leader turnover in one of the world's largest public health systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Looking backward, looking forward.
- Author
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Mohandesi, Salar
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POLITICAL change , *STATE governments , *EUROPEAN history , *POLITICAL science writing , *INTELLECTUAL history - Abstract
The document is a reply essay written by Salar Mohandesi, a professor at Bowdoin College, in response to comments made by Rosario López, Judy Tzu-Chun Wu, Fabio Lanza, and Gerd-Rainer Horn on Mohandesi's book. Mohandesi acknowledges the comments and criticisms, particularly regarding his handling of Leninism in the book. He explains that the focus on the right of nations to self-determination was a deliberate choice to write a more focused study, but acknowledges that it may have created the impression of a monocausal argument. Mohandesi also discusses the tension between writing a politically useful book and conforming to the dominant ideology of neutral history, as well as the challenges faced by academics in the current repressive atmosphere. He expresses a desire to continue collaborating with others to revisit the transformative political change of the past and reimagine emancipation for the present. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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17. Statistical learning to identify salient factors influencing FEMA public assistance outlays.
- Author
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Ghaedi, Hamed, Best, Kelsea, Reilly, Allison, and Niemeier, Deb
- Subjects
STATISTICAL learning ,FLOOD damage ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,HUMAN behavior ,STATE governments - Abstract
Both the number of disasters in the U.S. and federal outlays following disasters are rising. FEMA's Public Assistance (PA) is a key program for rebuilding damaged public infrastructure and aiding local and state governments in recovery. It is the primary post-disaster source of recovery funds. Between 2000 and 2019, more than $125B (adjusted, 2020 dollars) was awarded through PA. While all who qualify for PA should have equal opportunity to receive aid, not all do, and the factors influencing how the program has been administered are complex and multifaceted. Lacking an understanding of the factors positively associated with historical receipt of aid, there is little way to objectively evaluate the efficacy of the PA program. In this work, we evaluate the salient features that contribute to the number of county-level PA applicants and projects following disasters. We use statistical learning theory applied to repetitive flooding events in the upper Midwest between 2003 and 2018 as a case study. The results suggest that many non-disaster related indicators are key predictors of PA outlays, including the state in which the disaster occurred, the county's prior experience with disasters, the county's median income, and the length of time between the end of the disaster and the date when a disaster is declared. Our work suggests that indicators of PA aid are tied to exposure, bureaucratic attributes, and human behavior. For equitable distribution of aid, policymakers should explore more disaster-relevant indicators for PA distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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18. An Association Between State Laws Limiting Local Control and Community Smoke-Free Indoor Air in the United States.
- Author
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Azagba, Sunday, Ebling, Todd, Korkmaz, Alperen, King Jensen, Jessica, Qeadan, Fares, and Hall, Mark
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INDOOR air pollution prevention ,INDOOR air pollution laws ,GOVERNMENT policy ,RESEARCH funding ,RESTAURANTS ,WORK environment ,STATE governments ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PUBLIC spaces ,ODDS ratio ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,HEALTH promotion - Abstract
This study examines the association between state laws limiting local control (preemption laws) and local smoke-free policies. We utilized policy data from the American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation. The primary outcome variable is the presence of a "100% smoke-free policy," across any of 4 indoor settings: workplaces, restaurants, bars, and gaming venues. We employed generalized structural equation modeling to investigate the relationship between state laws pre-empting smoke-free indoor air regulation and local adoption of policies requiring smoke-free air in any public venues, or for specific venues, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Our findings reveal a significant association between state preemption laws and the presence of a local 100% smoke-free indoor policy as of 2023. In states with preemption laws, cities were less likely to have a 100% smoke-free indoor policy at any venue than cities in states without preemption laws (OR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.05-0.10). When considering specific smoke-free venues, cities in states with preemption laws were less likely to have a 100% smoke-free indoor policy covering workplaces (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.03-0.09), restaurants (OR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.02-0.07), bars (OR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.03-0.08), and gaming venues (OR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01-0.09) compared to cities in states without preemption laws. Our study suggests that state preemption laws limit local decision-making and the implementation of public health policies focused on tobacco harms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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19. Evolving State Approaches to Student Mental Health.
- Author
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Anderson, Robert
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MENTAL health of students , *STATE governments , *MENTAL health - Abstract
The article explores the changes in approaches of states to student mental health in the U.S. Topics discussed include the growth in mental health challenges among students, and a partnership between the State Higher Education Executive Officers Association and The Jed Foundation to create the Student Mental Health and Wellness Learning Community.
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- 2024
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20. Optimizing Preliminary Design of New Buildings with Integrated Onsite Renewable Energy Systems.
- Author
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Hassan, Ahmed A. and El-Rayes, Khaled
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RENEWABLE energy sources , *DAYLIGHT , *CONSTRUCTION costs , *STATE governments , *WIND power - Abstract
Federal and state governments have recently expanded their regulatory mandates and incentives to promote renewable energy (RE) use in their planned new buildings. This requires planners to analyze and optimize their preliminary design decisions, such as building dimensions, orientation, location, and window-to-wall ratio, to maximize the use of RE in their buildings. To support designers in this critical task, this paper presents a novel model for optimizing preliminary building designs. The two optimization objectives of the optimization model focus on maximizing harvested RE and minimizing construction cost by identifying optimal building dimensions, orientation, window-to-wall ratio, and site layout. The optimization model complies with all design requirements, such as building dimensions, natural lighting, and cost-effectiveness constraints. The model performance is analyzed using two application examples to illustrate its capabilities in considering the impact of the surrounding environment on design decisions. The results of this analysis confirm the model contributions in identifying a set of nondominated optimal solutions that provide tradeoffs among the two optimization objectives of the developed model. These capabilities are expected to support building planners in identifying an optimal preliminary building design that maximizes the use of RE while minimizing all related construction costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Welfare at the Statehouse Democracies: Assessing the Impact of Public Opinion on Welfare Policies at the State Level.
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Molina, Rafael
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PUBLIC welfare policy , *PUBLIC welfare , *WELFARE state , *RESPONSIBILITY , *STATE governments , *PUBLIC opinion - Abstract
A frequent question in discussions about democracy is whether input from the public is ever considered and to what extent by politicians. This influence of public opinion on the realm of welfare policies has not been extensively explored, and most analyses are less precise for being conducted before the passage of the national welfare reform in 1996, better known as the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA). Bringing the analysis to a period after the reform to account for contextual changes since its passage, this study uses the multilevel and poststratification (MRP) model considered superior in analysis of subnational opinion using national survey data to assess the influence of public opinion on welfare policies at the state level. Collecting data from the 2014 CCES and a new developed welfare generosity index, I find that public opinion does not have any influence on how generous welfare programs turn out in their states, unless it is interacted with state government ideology. It seems that the ideology of the state government and the state poverty rate are the major determinants on welfare policies outcomes in the states, although the latter had different effects for TANF and SNAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Excess Death Rates by State During the COVID-19 Pandemic: United States, 2020‒2023.
- Author
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Woolf, Steven H., Lee, Jong Hyung, Chapman, Derek A., Sabo, Roy T., and Zimmerman, Emily
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DEATH , *RESEARCH funding , *CENSUS , *STATE governments , *CAUSES of death , *COVID-19 vaccines , *COVID-19 pandemic , *COVID-19 ,FEDERAL government of the United States - Abstract
Objectives. To estimate state-level excess death rates during 2020 to 2023 and examine differences by region and partisan orientation. Methods. We modeled death and population counts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to estimate excess death rates for the United States, 9 census divisions, and 50 states. We compared excess death rates for states with different partisan orientations, measured by the party of the seated governor and the level of partisan representation in state legislatures. Results. The United States experienced 1 277 697 excess deaths between March 2020 and July 2023. Almost 90% of these deaths were attributed to COVID-19, and 51.5% occurred after vaccines were available. The highest excess death rates first occurred in the Northeast and then shifted to the South and Mountain states. Between weeks ending June 20, 2020, through March 19, 2022, excess death rates were higher in states with Republican governors and greater Republican representation in state legislatures. Conclusions. Excess death rates during the COVID-19 pandemic varied considerably across the US states and were associated with partisan representation in state government, although the influence of confounding variables cannot be excluded. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(9):882–891. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307731) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. A Typology of Local and State Government Responses to Racism: A Case of Anti-Asian Hate in the COVID-19 Pandemic.
- Author
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Lee, C. Aujean and Arroyo, John C.
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ANTI-Asian racism ,RACE discrimination ,GOVERNMENT websites ,COVID-19 pandemic ,STATE governments ,CRITICAL discourse analysis - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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24. Government Subsidies and Corporate Misconduct.
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RAGHUNANDAN, ANEESH
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BUSINESS enterprises ,SUBSIDIES ,MISCONDUCT in business ,STATE governments - Abstract
I study whether firms that receive targeted U.S. state‐level subsidies are more likely to subsequently engage in corporate misconduct. I find that firms are more likely to engage in misconduct in subsidizing states, but not in other states that they operate in, after receiving state subsidies. Using data on both federal and state enforcement actions, and exploiting the legal principle of dual sovereignty for identification, I show that this finding reflects an increase in the underlying rate of misconduct and that this increase is attributable to lenient state‐level misconduct enforcement. Collectively, my findings present evidence of an important consequence of targeted firm‐specific subsidies: nonfinancial misconduct that potentially could impact the very stakeholders subsidies are ostensibly intended to benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. The Effect of Fiscal Stress Labels on Local Governments' Financial Management: Evidence from New York State Fiscal Stress Monitoring System.
- Author
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Kang, Hyewon and Chen, Gang
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LOCAL government ,FINANCIAL management ,SCHOOL districts ,FINANCIAL crises ,STATE governments - Abstract
State government's role in monitoring local governments' fiscal distress gained importance after several local financial crises. Although many states have implemented state monitoring systems, the effectiveness of these systems has not been well understood. Using the case of the New York State, we conducted a regression discontinuity analysis to examine the effect of fiscal stress labeling on local governments. We find some evidence to support that fiscal stress labels lead local governments to improve their fund balance and cash positions. Specifically, school districts at the early stage of fiscal stress are more responsive to the labels than districts under more severe fiscal stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. Promises and Pitfalls of Polycentric Federalism: The Case of Solar Power in India.
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Marquardt, Jens, Dasgupta, Shyamasree, Höhne, Chris, Lederer, Markus, and Sankhyayan, Pooja
- Subjects
- *
RENEWABLE energy transition (Government policy) , *CLIMATE change mitigation , *CLIMATE change , *STATE governments ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Recognizing that no central authority can combat climate change, scholars have pointed to the potential of polycentric governance in tackling climate change. Yet, empirical evidence for such a claim is scarce, particularly in the Global South. This study analyzes the characteristics, promises, and pitfalls of polycentric governance to promote climate mitigation efforts in three Indian states. Our contribution is twofold: (1) conceptually, we propose a framework to investigate the promises and pitfalls of polycentric climate governance in a federalist system with a particular focus on aspects of scaling and institutionalization, and (2) empirically, we compare solar power development across three Indian states with favorable conditions for solar power but varying performance. Based on a qualitative analysis of interviews and documents, we show how state governments with different party backgrounds have been vital in implementing policy changes and overcoming political barriers. Still, very few bottom-up initiatives exist and were successfully institutionalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Indigenous co‐stewardship of North American moose: recommendations and a vision for a restoration framework.
- Author
-
Moore, Seth A., Severud, William J., Wolf, Tiffany M., Pelican, Katharine, Bauerkemper, Joseph, Carstensen, Michelle, and Windels, Steven K.
- Subjects
- *
MOOSE , *CAPACITY building , *PROVINCIAL governments , *CULTURAL property , *STATE governments , *TRADITIONAL knowledge - Abstract
Moose (Alces alces; mooz [singular], moozoog [plural] in Anishinaabemowin, Ojibwe language) are an important species to many Indigenous rights‐holders and stakeholders throughout their circumpolar range. Management of moose can often lead to conflict when various perspectives of Indigenous nations are not recognized or appreciated. During the 55th North American Moose Conference and Workshop held in Grand Portage, Minnesota, USA, we held a workshop with 145 participants centered around co‐stewardship of moose among various Indigenous nations, federal, state, and provincial governments, academia, and non‐governmental agencies. Using a facilitator, the participants identified opportunities and challenges surrounding issues related to moose management. Participants then further identified priority improvements and action steps for co‐stewardship. Six core principles of Indigenous co‐stewardship were developed: 1) recognition of Indigenous Sovereignty, which specifies that co‐stewardship must begin with a recognition of the sovereignty of Indigenous nations and their inherent rights to manage, conserve, and preserve natural and cultural resources within their ancestral lands; 2) shared responsibility, where co‐stewardship is a shared responsibility between Indigenous nations, federal governments, and state governments; 3) cultural and ecological respect, which stipulates that co‐stewardship should honor the cultural significance of moose to Indigenous nations and recognize the ecological importance of moose within the broader ecosystem; 4) inclusive decision‐making, which details that co‐stewardship requires inclusive and equitable decision‐making processes that involve meaningful consultation and consent from Indigenous nations; 5) resource sharing and capacity building, where co‐stewardship involves the sharing of resources and knowledge between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous partners; and 6) adaptive management and sustainability, specifying that co‐stewardship should embrace adaptive management principles, where management strategies are continuously evaluated, adjusted, and improved based on new information and changing conditions. Some of the key takeaways from the workshop included that it will be essential to integrate Indigenous ways of knowing into an equitable and inclusive management system, there are existing models of co‐stewardship that can be built upon, it is critical to build trust among all key stakeholders and rights‐holders, and it will be important to establish formal and informal collaborative systems among all partners to support co‐stewardship at all levels. We discuss a study and synthesis on Indigenous co‐stewardship of moose and offer a synopsis and recommendations to advance restoration of moose in North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Imagining beyond a statist imaginary.
- Author
-
Ram, Kalpana
- Subjects
- *
STATE power , *CITIZENSHIP , *SOLIDARITY , *STATE governments , *CAPITALISM - Abstract
The chilling infiltration by technologies of state power that make up modern governance is brought home by each of the articles in AE's "Citizenship, Solidarity, and Nonbelonging" forum. In reflecting on them, I pose the question: Can we move beyond descriptions of human agency entirely within the cracks and fissures of state governance? Or can we develop a richer futural imagination that goes beyond a statist imaginary? If we are to sustain such an endeavor, we need not only imaginative analytical frameworks, but also forms of language that resist being reduced to "thinking like the state." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Die Digitalisierung der Prüfung des Standsicherheitsnachweises.
- Author
-
Achenbach, Marcus, Weber, Beatrix, and Rivas, Paul
- Subjects
- *
BUILDING information modeling , *BUILDING permits , *DIGITAL technology , *BUILDING design & construction , *STATE governments - Abstract
Digitalisation of the process of design review The implementation of the building permit process in digital form enables a complete paperless design review. Thereby, both static calculation and construction plans can be reviewed without media discontinuity, which is why an acceleration of the process can be expected. The transition from paper to PDF represents a significant progress for the parties involved. In terms of digitalisation level, it is only the beginning. The highest level of digitalisation will be achieved by using BIM (Building Information Modeling) within Common Data Environments (CDE). Since the BIM method offers significant advantages in the design, construction and operation of buildings, further propagation in the practice can be expected. Moreover, its use is already partly forced by federal and state governments. Impacts on the design review and the issuing of a building permit are therefore to be expected. In this article, it is investigated how digitalised design review processes can be structured. The processes are presented and evaluated in terms of their maturity level of digitalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Reviewing the limitations of publicly funded adult developmental services in Ontario: exposing ableist assumptions within the administrative process.
- Author
-
Chawrun, Isabella
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH services accessibility , *FOCUS groups , *ENDOWMENTS , *GROUP identity , *INDEPENDENT living , *RESEARCH funding , *MEDICAL care , *INTERVIEWING , *HEALTH policy , *PARENT attitudes , *STATE governments , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *GOVERNMENT aid , *DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities , *INTELLECTUAL disabilities , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *RESEARCH methodology , *ADULT children , *PEOPLE with disabilities , *CAREGIVER attitudes , *RESIDENTIAL care , *ADULTS - Abstract
This paper considers the ways that publicly funded developmental services for adults with developmental disabilities in southern Ontario are limited in how they support clients. This paper is informed by field research conducted in the summer of 2019, which was composed of semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and a policy review. Informed by parent advocates who are the main caregivers of their adult children labelled with intellectual and developmental disabilities, this paper claims that the administrative processes of the Ontario ministry that manages and funds adult disability services relate to broader exclusionary patterns among adults with developmental disabilities. I explore this claim by reviewing how common ableist assumptions of people with developmental disabilities are ingrained in the policies and administrative processes of these services. I contribute to ongoing discussions among Critical Disability Scholars of the ways that disability as a social category can be articulated outside of ableist assumptions. Informed by parent caregiver perspectives, this article outlines how the limitations of provincially funded disability services in Ontario, Canada cause significant challenge in the lives of those labelled with intellectual and developmental disabilities. One possible explanation for these limitations is that there is a disconnect between how the provincial government classifies who should receive immediate services and how many services, versus the actual need of those labelled with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The criteria for high supports, such as monthly funding, placement into a living facility, and the provincial assessment for determining a person's 'adaptive functioning' are rooted in problematic assumptions made of people labelled with intellectual and developmental disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Parent-Mediated Intervention for Autistic Children Offered Through In-Person and Telepractice Modalities.
- Author
-
Sundarrajana, Madhu and Franco, Jessica
- Subjects
ASPERGER'S syndrome in children ,COMMUNICATIVE competence ,AUTISM in children ,HUMAN services programs ,RESEARCH funding ,PARENT-child relationships ,NEURODIVERSITY ,MEDICAL care ,STATE governments ,TELEMEDICINE ,LINGUISTICS ,MEDICAL consultation ,MEDICAL appointments ,CASE studies ,LANGUAGE acquisition ,CULTURAL pluralism ,SOCIAL skills education - Abstract
Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic thrust telepractice into the mainstream as a primary service delivery model. While some populations and providers were adversely impacted by this shift, there were some intervention approaches that became even more popular. Parent-mediated intervention (PMI) has been shown to be effective through both in-person and telepractice service delivery models. With PMI, caregivers learn language facilitation strategies and implement them with their child. Project SKILLS (Skills and Knowledge for Language Learning Success) is a PMI program for autistic children funded by a state-level autism grant program. The primary goal of SKILLS is training caregivers in language facilitation techniques to promote communication and language skills. It uses the Project ImPACT (Improving Parents as Communication Teachers) curriculum that is commercially available and supported by previous research. SKILLS also includes variations for neurodiversity-affirming practice and culturally and linguistically diverse families. Project SKILLS has offered both in-person and telepractice delivery since its inception in 2016, making it possible to compare results across the two modalities. Conclusions: Project SKILLS has successfully implemented PMI for autistic children through both in-person and telepractice sessions. Clinically, children have made similar gains in social communication and language regardless of the modality. Caregivers also demonstrated similar progress with intervention fidelity, with some added advantages for families participating via telepractice. Telepractice may become a preferred service delivery model of PMI, especially for families living in geographically inaccessible locations with limited access to qualified providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. How Malaysian States and Their Strongmen Shape Urban Development: An Examination of the Sibu Municipal Council.
- Author
-
Ik-Tien, Ngu and Pey-Wen, Liaw
- Subjects
CITY councils ,STATE governments ,URBAN growth ,FEDERAL government ,POLITICIANS - Abstract
In the Federation of Malaysia, the state government has a dominant role in the management and administration of local authorities as well as in allocating resources. This paper takes a bottom-up perspective to look at the dependence of the Sibu Municipal Council on the Sarawak state government and strongman. It begins by showing how the existing legal and political frameworks enable the formation of a strongman government and then addresses the state government's control over resources for local development. Then, it zooms into the local politics of Sibu, showcasing the patron–client relations between the state strongman and local business groups in Sarawak. However, it argues that the power of strongman politicians is not unchecked but constrained by the political framework. The later part of this paper features the political-economic networks of the state strongman in Johor to show that the strongman phenomenon is not particular to Sarawak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Staatsmedizin statt Selbstverwaltung?
- Author
-
Hecken, Josef
- Subjects
MEDICAL care ,STATE governments ,SELF medication ,DECISION making ,PRACTICAL politics ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,MEDICAL care costs - Abstract
Copyright of Die Urologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Mobile app for official national press releases.
- Author
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Virshan, S. Abi, Hilary, P. J. Benhur Edmond, and Vigneshwari, S.
- Subjects
- *
MOBILE apps , *PRESS releases , *CITIZENS , *STATE governments - Abstract
Dedicated platform for Indian and State governments to broadcast the latest unfiltered information to the public audience. The citizen's raw responses can be viewed by the government, which will help them to sculpt and adapt to more citizenfriendly policies. The regional language switch in this app will make it citizen-friendly in all the parts of India. In a diverse country like India, an app like this is essential to make youth aware of the current political trends and convey the government our suggestions to maintain the democracy of our country. This app ensures that the voice of youth is heard at the right place. This app will be the best replacement for other social media applications through which we are receiving government updates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. STATE LEGISLATIVE SCORECARDS: THINK CONSTITUTIONALLY, ACT LOCALLY! State legislation is as important as federal legislation, if not more so. Use our Scorecards to hold your state lawmakers accountable.
- Author
-
Flemming, Kyle
- Subjects
- *
UNITED States presidential election, 2024 , *LEGISLATIVE sessions , *POLITICAL affiliation , *FEDERAL government , *LEGISLATIVE voting , *STATE governments - Abstract
This article discusses the importance of state legislation and the need for citizens to hold their state lawmakers accountable. It introduces the John Birch Society's state Legislative Scorecards, which evaluate state lawmakers based on their fidelity to the U.S. Constitution and America's founding principles. The Scorecards allow citizens to track their state legislators' voting records and make informed decisions about their representatives. The article emphasizes the significance of state legislators' performance in upholding the Constitution and protecting individual rights. The Scorecards are available for all 50 states and provide a nonpartisan assessment of legislators' voting records. Library patrons can access the Scorecards on TheFreedomIndex.org to learn more about their state legislators' voting records and share the information with others. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
36. RESTORE STATE GOVERNMENT: States have abandoned republicanism in key areas. Here's how they can reapply basic American principles.
- Author
-
Rykowski, Peter
- Subjects
- *
STATE power , *POLITICAL science , *PUBLIC domain , *POLITICAL systems , *STATE governments , *REFERENDUM , *BALLOTS , *IDENTIFICATION cards - Abstract
This article explores the departure of many states in the United States from the principles of the Founding Fathers and suggests ways to restore adherence to republican government. It focuses on three areas where states have deviated: redistricting commissions, judicial selection, and state constitutions and bureaucracies. The article argues that these deviations have led to the growth of technocracy and democracy, which are incompatible with America's republican form of government. It suggests that states should resist pressure to adopt redistricting commissions, return to a system of appointing judges, and reduce state bureaucracies and involvement in federal programs. The article also criticizes the expansion of taxes and reliance on federal funding, calling for the elimination of big government programs, unnecessary spending, and all dependence on federal funding. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of educating the electorate and pressuring elected officials to adhere to foundational American principles in order to restore state government. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
37. MAKE AMERICA STATES AGAIN: America will remain the land of the free and home of the brave only if the states stand up against federal abuses and say enough is enough.
- Author
-
Gomez, Christian
- Subjects
- *
STATE power , *SOVEREIGNTY , *GUN laws , *STATE governments , *PUBLIC domain , *HEALTH insurance exchanges , *CIVIL rights of people with disabilities - Abstract
This article explores the topic of federal abuses and the importance of states standing up against them to preserve freedom and bravery in America. It provides examples of federal overreach, such as the Department of Education's promotion of indoctrination schemes and the violation of Fourth Amendment rights by the Transportation Security Administration. The author suggests following James Madison's method outlined in The Federalist, No. 46, which emphasizes state sovereignty and the power of the people to resist federal encroachments. The article argues for the repeal of the 17th Amendment and the protection of the Second Amendment as crucial steps in restoring state authority and preventing federal tyranny. It discusses the concepts of a standing army, the compact nature of the Constitution, and the practice of nullification, asserting that a standing army threatens liberty, the Second Amendment protects the right to bear arms, and the federal government should be subordinate to the states. The text advocates for the use of nullification by state legislatures to reject federal overreach and protect constitutional order. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
38. Queensland Premier Steven Miles is promising to hold a vote on nuclear power. Here's why.
- Author
-
Twomey, Anne
- Subjects
NUCLEAR power plants ,NUCLEAR industry ,POLITICAL parties ,NUCLEAR energy ,STATE governments ,VOTING - Abstract
Queensland Premier Steven Miles has announced plans to hold a plebiscite on nuclear power if his party wins the upcoming state election, in response to the federal Coalition's proposal to build seven nuclear plants in Australia. While Queensland currently has laws prohibiting nuclear facilities, the federal government could potentially override these laws through constitutional powers. The plebiscite, if held, would serve as an opinion poll rather than a binding referendum, potentially creating political pressure on the federal government regarding nuclear policies. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
39. Building a Better Election Infrastructure.
- Author
-
COMSTOCK, BARBARA and ROEMER, TIM
- Subjects
UNITED States elections ,VOTER registration ,JURISDICTION ,BALLOTS ,STATE governments - Published
- 2024
40. THE MISSING LINK: CLIMBER NORMAN CLYDE.
- Author
-
Lopez, Tom
- Subjects
MOUNTAINEERS ,MOUNTAINEERING ,PERIODICAL articles ,PUBLISHED articles ,STATE governments ,COSMOPOLITANISM - Abstract
This article provides a historical account of mountain climbing in Idaho, specifically focusing on the Sawtooth Range and the White Cloud Mountains. The author highlights the lack of recorded accounts of early ascents in the region and the efforts to fill in these gaps. The article also discusses the contributions of Norman Clyde, a renowned explorer and climber, who made significant advancements in climbing in Idaho. Overall, the article offers insights into the early history of mountain climbing in Idaho and the individuals who played a role in its development. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
41. THE SIREN SONG OF DEMOCRACY.
- Author
-
Benoit, Gary
- Subjects
- *
STATE power , *GUN laws , *POLITICIANS , *STATE governments , *SWINDLERS & swindling , *HAPPINESS , *FREEDOM of the press - Abstract
This article explores the concept of democracy and its relationship to despotism, focusing on President Joe Biden's defense of democracy as America's sacred cause. It raises the question of whether democracy is truly the best form of government, highlighting the potential for the loss of freedom and violation of minority rights in democracies. The article emphasizes that the Founding Fathers of the United States established a republic, not a democracy, to safeguard individual liberties. It underscores the importance of understanding the distinction between a democracy and a republic to grasp the principles of freedom. The text argues that the United States is a republic, not a democracy, and discusses the principles of the Constitution that limit government power and divide it among the three branches. It suggests that the understanding of the United States as a republic has been eroded over time due to the promotion of democracy, and stresses the need to educate the public about the difference to preserve the American Republic. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
42. Decision 2024: As Nov. 5 approaches, what role do state CIOs play in election security?
- Subjects
ELECTION security measures ,POLLING places ,ELECTION law ,STATE governments ,ELECTIONS - Abstract
The article highlights the critical role state Chief Information Officers (CIOs) play in election security. Topics discussed include their collaboration with security organizations, their efforts to address emerging threats like misinformation, and their specific roles in supporting or monitoring elections across various states.
- Published
- 2024
43. State Government & Pensions.
- Author
-
Dawson, Alexis
- Subjects
PENSIONS ,STATE governments ,BALLOTS - Published
- 2024
44. Banishment.
- Author
-
BORRELLI, LISA MARIE, HEINDLMAIER, ANITA, LUNDBERG, ANNA, MANTU, SANDRA, PERSDOTTER, MARIA, and WERNESJÖ, ULRIKA
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *DEPORTATION , *CITIZENSHIP , *STATE governments , *DISCUSSION , *PUNISHMENT , *PRACTICAL politics , *PUBLIC welfare - Abstract
Banishment concludes the keyword discussion by arguing that we can understand the exclusionary practices of welfare states as a politics of destitution, which ultimately leads to the banishment of unwanted individuals. It argues that banishment can be helpful as a conceptual lens through which to understand the purposeful strategies that render individuals deportable, whether citizens or non-citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Militarized High Schools in Mexico: From Militarization to Militarism in a Context of Violence (2006–2022).
- Author
-
Coutiño Trejo, Jose Enrique and Madrazo, Alejandro
- Subjects
- *
STATE governments , *MILITARY promotions , *ARMED Forces , *GOVERNMENT policy , *HIGH schools - Abstract
This article presents a case study—that of militarized high schools in Mexico—as an example of how the militarization of government functions can pave the way to militarism. Over the past few years, the Mexican Ministry of Defense has proposed to state governments the creation of militarized public high schools. This case illustrates how Mexico is moving from militarization—understood as the assumption of government functions by the military—to militarism—understood as the promotion of military interests and values—in Mexico's security crisis, over the last three administrations. This article offers a public policy analysis to address the implications of militarized high schools. The central argument is that the implementation of militarized high schools has been possible through the normalization and institutionalization of militarization as a public policy response to some of the country's central problems, enhancing the Armed Forces' role as a de facto political actor. The analysis contributes to the "militarization and militarism" literature by exploring how the policy-making process plays a role in bridging between the two. The case study presents how policy of promoting a militarized model of education is directly proposed to state governments by Mexico's Ministry of Defense, thus visibilizing their role as a cuasi independent political actor and positioning their own agenda and values in areas traditionally reserved to civilian authorities. By accepting the Ministry of Defense's proposals on this matter, state governments are contributing to deepening the country's constitutional crisis and the undermining of its democratic institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Taking Control before the Grass Roots Does: State Government Action in the Implementation of the Community Action Program in Georgia, 1964-1969.
- Author
-
BLOMMERS, HELEEN
- Subjects
- *
STATE governments , *GRASSROOTS movements , *POVERTY reduction , *PRESSURE groups - Abstract
The article examines the state government's impact on the implementation of the Community Action Program in Georgia between 1964 and 1969, which hindered the development of grassroots initiatives. It describes the role of the federal Office of Economic Opportunity that allowed for the state government's control of the program and the involvement of local power holders in local programs. It also presents a case study analysis of the effects of constraints on an antipoverty agency.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Real Men Don’t Kill Koalas: Gender and Conservationism in the Queensland Koala Open Season of 1927.
- Author
-
Ekkel, Ruby
- Subjects
- *
KOALA , *MASCULINITY , *STATE governments , *TRANSPARENCY in government , *GENDER - Abstract
In July 1927, the Queensland state government declared an open season on koalas, in which more than 600,000 koalas were shot, poisoned, or trapped. In the broad-based and emotional backlash which ensued, gender ideologies featured significantly. Concepts of authentically Australian forms of masculinity and femininity were mobilised in attempts to end the destruction; koala-killing was framed as a debasement of an idealised ‘bushman’ identity and koala fur wearing as a betrayal of an idealised category of inherently caring womanhood. The interests of parents and children came to the fore in a campaign concerned with preserving the popular ‘native bear’ for the enjoyment of future generations. This article draws out how gendered understandings of koalas and koala-killing contributed to the animals’ reclassification from an economic resource to an anthropomorphised friend and symbol, whose slaughter was conceived by many as unmanly and un-Australian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Standardized risk levels for violent recidivism risk assessed with the HCR-20: an exploration.
- Author
-
van Dooren, Maaike, Smid, Wineke J., Uzieblo, Katarzyna, Keulen-de Vos, Marije, de Vogel, Vivienne, Lehmann, Robert, and Hausam, Joscha
- Subjects
- *
RECIDIVISM , *MENTAL health services , *LITERATURE reviews , *RISK assessment , *STATE governments - Abstract
Risk assessment plays an important role in forensic mental health care. The way the conclusions of those risk assessments are communicated varies considerably across instruments. In an effort to make them more comparable, Hanson, R. K., Bourgon, G., McGrath, R., Kroner, D. D., Amora, D. A., Thomas, S. S., & Tavarez, L. P. [2017.
A five-level risk and needs system: Maximizing assessment results in corrections through the development of a common language . The Council of State Governments Justice Center. https://csgjusticecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/A-Five-Level-Risk-and-Needs-System_Report.pdf] developed the Five-Level Risk and Needs System, placing the conclusions of different instruments along five theoretically meaningful levels. The current study explores a Five-Level Risk and Needs system for violent recidivism to which the numerical codings of the HCR-20 Version 2 and its successor, the HCR-20V3 are calibrated, using a combined sample from six previous studies for the HCR-20 Version 2 (n = 411 males with a violent index offence) and a pilot sample for the HCR-20V3 (n = 66 males with a violent index offence). Baselines for the five levels were defined by a combination of theoretical (e.g. expert meetings) and empirical (e.g. literature review) considerations. The calibration of the HCR-20 Version 2 was able to detect four levels, from a combined level I/II to an adjusted level V. The provisional calibration of the HCR-20V3 showed a substantial overlap with the HCR-20 Version 2, with each level boundary having a 2-point difference. Implications for practice and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Clifford Case and the Challenge of Liberal Republicanism.
- Author
-
Barrett, Marsha E.
- Subjects
- *
SELECTION & appointment of U.S. Supreme Court justices , *HUMAN rights advocacy , *POLITICAL parties , *STATE governments , *CONSERVATISM - Abstract
The article "Clifford Case and the Challenge of Liberal Republicanism" by William R. Fernekes in the New Jersey Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal provides a detailed biography of US Senator Clifford Case from New Jersey, focusing on his role as a liberal Republican who prioritized principles over partisanship. The author traces Case's political career from local office to the US Senate, highlighting his advocacy for civil rights, ethical governance, and foreign policy oversight. The text also explores Case's defeat in 1978, shedding light on the decline of liberal Republicanism within the GOP and the factors contributing to his loss. Despite his significant influence, polling data suggests that many constituents were unaware of Case's accomplishments, raising questions about the perception of liberal Republicanism among rank-and-file Republicans in New Jersey. The article concludes with reflections on Case's legacy as a dedicated public servant and ethical leader, prompting readers to consider the impact of his political career regardless of their own political beliefs. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. What I Learned Working for the New Jersey Legislature During the “Urban Crisis”.
- Author
-
Wunsch, Jim
- Subjects
- *
CITIES & towns , *MUNICIPAL government , *STATE governments , *HISTORIC districts , *REGIONAL planning , *SUBURBS - Abstract
The post-war era was a period of rapid change in New Jersey’s municipalities. Older cities like Newark, Jersey City, and Trenton suffered through the loss of population, jobs, and capital while new suburban communities experienced rapid growth. By the 1970s, crime, inflation, and unemployment had exacerbated the inequalities between cities and suburbs, giving rise to the “urban crisis,” a phenomenon that historians continue to study closely. This article provides the insider’s perspective of James Wunsch, who served as staffer for the Assembly Municipal Government Committee during the late Seventies. Wunsch’s account shows that the state government made strides towards addressing inequalities in housing and education that compared favorably with its peers. Nevertheless, in the absence of strong regional planning, New Jersey’s fragmented municipalities proved inequal to the task of tackling the urban crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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