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In an era of major advances in the digital world, artificial intelligence has been a part of programs, tools, applications, and platforms. It has also been integrated into fields of education including language teaching and learning. To this end, ChatGPT, one of the most recent AI-driven systems, has been proposed to support language learners' personalized studies. Thus, this paper presents a qualitative study aiming to explore how Turkish EFL learners in higher education use ChatGPT for speaking. For a deeper understanding, the study was designed as a case study which used multiple sources to collect qualitative data. In this sense, semi-structured interviews were held with the participants, and through open-ended questions, they were asked about their study habits and any background knowledge about ChatGPT. In a following session, they were introduced the chatbot and instructed on possible ways to use it for speaking practice. Screen recordings of the usage by the participants were another source to observe and later describe the process for the researcher. A final session of the interviews planned as a stimulated recall was held to explore the participants' ChatGPT use experience through their reflection. The thematic analysis of the data revealed codes and themes leading to language teaching implications about learner characteristics and use of AI for language studies.

Advances in technology have significantly augmented the potential of online education, particularly during crises, such as COVID-19, earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods. This qualitative survey study ascertains 150 English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) learners' perceptions of the efficacy of online language education in a preparatory school of a state university after the Kahramanmaras earthquake in Türkiye in 2023. Data were gathered via an online survey with open-ended inquiries to elicit favourable and adverse experiences and recommendations from students. In order to ensure the thorough and systematic analysis of the collected data, a rigorous methodological approach was employed. Specifically, the data were analyzed through content analysis, facilitated by the MAXQDA. The research outcomes revealed that the participants appreciated online language education for its time-saving nature, comfort, ease of attendance, access to recorded sessions, teacher support, and cost-effectiveness. However, some students also considered online education ineffective and reported challenges, such as technical issues, diminished concentration, lack of motivation and discipline, limited interaction, and class participation. EFL learners also provided suggestions for improving the curriculum, assessment methods, and instructors' teaching approaches.

Since the mid-twentieth century, higher education systems worldwide went through huge transformations as a consequence of massification and the recognition of knowledge as key for economic development. The emergence of new teaching modes, the intensity of research, and performativity and accountability pressures impacted directly on academic work and, as a result, on academic working conditions. In this article, we examine the changes that the Argentine professoriate has experienced in recent decades. We argue that the process of fragmentation of the academic profession presents particularities in regard to global trends. We analyze the current state and evolution of the academic workforce in public universities by focusing on different aspects related to its academic profile: gender, training, working conditions, employers, positions, types of contracts, academic practice, perceptions about the career, preferences, and job stress/satisfaction. To achieve this, we have relied on data from the Academic Profession in the Knowledge-Based Society (APIKS) survey.

Higher education institutions play a crucial role in advancing sustainable development goals. They bear the responsibility of informing and encouraging all stakeholders, including faculty members, students, and industry partners, to collaborate towards achieving these goals. While many universities are integrating Sustainable Development Goals into their operations and educational programs, there is an increasing need to establish collaborative platforms with private sectors and non-governmental organizations to further champion this agenda. Educating the future workforce is a key responsibility of these institutions, and they should actively raise students' awareness of these goals, enabling them to develop competencies related to sustainability. This study aims to explore how higher education institutions can effectively raise awareness of sustainable development goals. In addition, the research contributes to the literature by presenting a curriculum designed in a Turkish higher education institution to foster awareness of sustainable development goals. The findings hold the potential to significantly enrich existing literature on awareness-raising practices and the promotion of sustainability strategies, extending beyond higher education institutions to organizations at large.

Before the EdD program through UC Davis, my own decisions and thinking process perpetuated an inequitable system that seemed to be working to support and uplift marginalized communities. When beginning my personal journey through the doctoral program and throughout the pandemic, there were epiphanies that awakened me to new institutional versions that empowered my ways of approaching education and leading future generations to question, early and often, the systems that were supposed to increase their ability to become leaders themselves. The concluding research recommendations support the implementation of culturally sustaining pedagogical practices to increase authentic historically marginalized student self-expression and empowerment of students and community. This work is done through understanding the priorities of the community, offering transparency, communicating, and listening while promoting health and safety as a means of cariño. Communicating that our priorities on site are children first, rather than test scores and attendance percentages, I seek creative means to empower our young scholars to bridge a gap between site and community and authentically celebrate the diversity on our campus.

Over its 50-year journey, "Educational Considerations" has been a platform embracing diverse voices in education, aiming to stimulate critical thinking on educational matters. From its inception, it invited input from educators and stakeholders, fostering a broad discourse on educational concerns. This inclusivity attracted contributions from various quarters often overlooked by mainstream academic journals: administrators, teachers, non-profit leaders, etc. Their insights have chronicled important shifts in public education, including the evolving nature of school partnerships. These intentional relationships between K-12 institutions and various stakeholders have become pivotal in shaping educational practice and supporting student success. This article explores how "Educational Considerations" has depicted school partnerships over time, highlighting the insights of authors who have defined the essence of collaborative engagement with public schools in order to improve student outcomes and teacher preparation.

The purpose of this research article is to explore how social justice in education has evolved over the past 50 years of peer-reviewed article publications in Kansas State University College of Education's academic journal, "Educational Considerations." The research sought to unveil how social justice in education has evolved over the past 50 years based on publications in "Educational Considerations." The study utilized a qualitative research approach, specifically adopting a document analysis methodology. This research drew its data from peer-reviewed articles published in "Educational Considerations" spanning from 1973 to 2023. Literature not originally found in "Educational Considerations"--but relevant to the research objectives--was only incorporated during the analysis and discussion stages. Thematic data analysis was used to make sense of the collected data. Nancy Fraser's three-dimensional social justice theory served as the underlying framework in which the articles surrounding social justice in education from each era of the journal "Educational Considerations" were analyzed and discussed. The findings show that articles published in this journal remain relevant in addressing contemporary educational challenges, ensuring that the pursuit of educational equity endures. In conclusion, the journal's 50-year history reflects its dedication to promoting equitable education and contributing to the field of education.

English academic writing is fundamental at tertiary level as it is the main medium of communication in the academe. Over the years, ESL lecturers have not only struggled to search for the most suitable teaching approach(es) to teach academic writing but have encountered several other problems in their teaching, such as class size, students' English proficiency levels, heavy workload, and others. Given these circumstances, a review of the literature has indicated there are scant studies that explore the problems faced by ESL lecturers where comparisons are made between public and private universities. Grounded in multiple case studies, four ESL lecturers from two public and two private Malaysian universities were purposively selected for the study. Data were collected from semi-structured in-depth interviews, lesson observations, and document analysis. A total of 12 interview transcripts were transcribed verbatim by the researchers, and data were analysed thematically using thematic analysis and cross-case analysis, where emerging themes were used to present the findings. Findings reveal that ESL lecturers at higher education institutions encountered problems, such as constraints in time, marking issues, students' lack of interests and motivations, lecturers' lack of interest in writing, lecturers' lack of content and pedagogical content knowledge, and lack of institutional support. Hence, professional support should be given to ESL lecturers to overcome their teaching problems, and future research should explore the strategies employed by ESL lecturers to alleviate their teaching problems.

The interrupted case study is a structured way to engage students in active learning. Interruptions, or pauses for reflection and discussion scheduled within the case-study presentation, provide students with a chance to collaborate and engage in critical thinking. Critical thinking style, which is a measure of how one tends to think critically, provides insight into how one tackles problem solving. This article describes a pilot project that combined critical-thinking style and an interrupted case study, delivered over a two-class-period time frame, to four college courses. The project's goals were to assess students' self-reported knowledge, self-reported ability, changes in thinking, and intentions to use their critical thinking style in the future. The University of Florida Critical Thinking Inventory and an end-of-session evaluation were administered online, and 110 students voluntarily responded. Results indicated that many students enjoyed the discussion-based and problem-solving structure of the interrupted case study. Results also showed increases in students' self-reported knowledge about critical thinking style and content covered in the case study. For teachers looking to pilot an interrupted case study with a critical thinking style component, two class sessions can have a positive effect on student learning and encourage critical thinking.

The decline in English majors has energized instructors to upskill for the post-COVID Gen Z student. Toward that end, this small-scale (n=20), one-semester study of an upper-division literature class identifies the preferred learning styles of English majors at a public comprehensive regional university in Kentucky. The participants represent national English major demographics. The research methods are quantitative and qualitative. Eight figures and an appendix are included. Three guidelines emerge for responding to the needs of Gen Z students: (1) keep communication brief, (2) co-create, and (3) interact in-person. The findings about English major learning preferences uphold cross-disciplinary research on active learning in the post-COVID era by indicating ways our teaching styles can keep pace with the needs of our changing majors. In addition to the participants' experience in the investigator's course, the survey collects their experience of teaching styles in six core courses in the English major. One drawback of the study is the small participant sampling. Future studies might investigate the difference between students' preferred learning styles and instructors' actual teaching styles. Building the English major back better calls for putting accepted theory into reskilled practices.

The establishment of an English Medium Instruction (EMI) program in any educational level including the university context becomes a controversial issue regarding whether the program should be kept running or not. The present study was conducted to investigate students' voices of EMI based on their different exposure period to English. To obtain the data, a mixed-methods approach was employed. A five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and semi-structured interview were administered to two groups of students who had experienced degrees of experience in EMI classes at a state university in Indonesia. There were 27 items in the questionnaire and six questions in the interview guide related to the importance of learning English, the future use of English, the ability to speak English, the importance of joining EMI classes, the teaching and learning process in all the categories, and there was no significant difference in the perceptions of the two groups. They agreed that having the ability to communicate in English was crucial. They were aware of the importance of English for their future lives and jobs. They stated that joining EMI classrooms was necessary and gave more chances for advancing learning. Furthermore, they reported a good atmosphere of learning in the EMI classes since the EMI teachers help them solve problems. Their friends were also helpful when they had difficulties with the EMI materials. The study results suggested that EMI was an effective program to improve students' English proficiency as well as their academic achievement.

Educators are faced with the sudden infiltration of AI, including artificially intelligent tools that generate content far more sophisticated than any prior technological advancement. In this study, the researchers investigated the use of ChatGPT (currently the most used generative AI tool) as a means of learning Calculus. The study examined student perceptions toward the use of ChatGPT in their learning of mathematical concepts in Calculus and their perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of its use in the classroom. The participants in this study were 64 undergraduate students enrolled in a Calculus course. Participants completed a 5-point Likert-type questionnaire with two open-ended questions. The collected data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results of the study indicated that most students supported the use of ChatGPT in learning Calculus; they believed that ChatGPT had a positive impact on their learning, and even increased their classroom participation and engagement.

Drawing on perspectives from top state-regional universities' authorities (known as "rectors") and public statistics on higher education, we discuss the sources of regional inequality in the Chilean university system. While there is scarce research on regional inequality for Chilean higher education, it is a well-recognized concern within global debates. In this study, the testimonies of rectors link perceptions of regional inequality to the historic, political, and managerial dimensions that have determined their institutions' development. As the problem of regional inequality stems from a tradition of political centralization, the neoliberal transformations, imposed since 1981, were singled out by the rectors for institutionalizing patterns of marketization that reinforced "inequalities of origin" for state-regional universities. Since the 2000s, trends of massification, regulation, and student protests reshaped higher education, leading to sectorial reform in 2018. However, competitive disadvantages are seen to continue to hinder the public role of state-regional universities. Institutional development strategies emerged, under the direction of rectors, to compensate for such inequalities, differentiating between winners and losers of neoliberal higher education. This article characterizes the modes of reproduction and overcoming of regional inequalities among state universities under neoliberal policy.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the relationship between the self-perceived employability of engineering students and graduates and their employment situation. Methodology: A total of 505 individuals participated in this study, including recent graduates and senior students from five engineering programs at a public higher education institution in Colombia. This research adopted a quantitative methodology with a non-experimental cross-sectional design and a correlational scope. The data were analysed using inferential statistics. Findings: Based on the results, perceived employability considerably depends on four factors: the level of job performance, the number of promotions, work experience, and the education-job relationship. Originality: In the current labour context, employability is an important tool for graduates who are entering the labour market and must face a variety of challenges, such as the decline in work opportunities, the rapid development of technology, and the need for lifelong learning. According to the literature in the field, employability is significantly influenced by these kinds of external factors.

The quality of the data and the amount of correct information available is key to informed decision-making. Higher education institutions (HEIs) often employ various decision support systems (DSSs) to make better choices. However, there is a lack of systems to assist with decision-making to promote innovation in teaching and learning. In this study, we evaluate an analytic tool called PROF-XXI that supports strategic decision-making of teaching and learning centres (TLCs) by identifying their competencies in teaching and learning innovation. Through a multiple case study conducted with three Latin American universities and supported by quantitative and qualitative data, we observed how this tool is used and how it facilitates strategic decision-making. Our findings indicate that the tool is accessible, user-friendly, and effective in 1) initiating identification and systematic reflection of institutional competency levels in teaching and learning innovation, 2) enhancing understanding of strengths and weaknesses as well as identifying opportunities for innovation, 3) supporting TLCs with short- and long-term decision-making, and 4) continuously evaluating their strategies, programs, and initiatives. This research can benefit policymakers in higher education who are involved in measuring institutional competencies to improve teaching quality or in making strategic decisions related to teaching and learning innovation.

In the 21st century, Indonesian education must generate life skills for dealing with the era of society 5.0. Bioentrepreneurship skills are one of those needed to achieve the primary goal of society 5.0. However, teaching modules that combine entrepreneurship skills still need to be improved. This research aims to produce project-based learning teaching modules on plant growth and development material to train valid and practical society 5.0 (bioentrepreneurship) era skills. This research used a 4D. The teaching module's validity was determined by the validation results of three experienced lecturers. The practicality of the teaching module was measured based on the results of the readability test. The results of the teaching module validity test obtained an average score of 3.8, which is very valid. The results of the practicality test are reviewed from the textbook readability test, which is categorized as level 12 with a practical category. The results showed that project-based learning teaching modules on plant growth and development material are valid and practical to train the skills of the era of society 5.0 (bioentrepreneurship). Society era 5.0 (bioentrepreneurship) skills students can be trained by integrating plant growth and development biology material with microgreens cultivation project activities in project-based learning modules.

Peer Assessment (PA) has recently been gaining increasing popularity in higher education due to its advantages in engaging students, and its use in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing classes is very common in Indonesia. The implementation of PA became more necessary when the government regulated emergency remote teaching in response to the COVID-19 crisis. This study examines the implementation of an online peer assessment (OPA) and the constraints encountered by the students in the OPA of a paragraph writing class. To achieve the objectives of this study, an embedded mixed method design was employed, which consists of an interview, observations, documentation, and a survey. The respondents in this study are a teacher of the writing class and 30 English Education Department students of a state university. The gleaned qualitative data were analyzed thematically while the quantitative data were analyzed by finding the percentages generated by Google Forms. The results show that the teacher made use of the three stages of the OPA: preparation, instruction, and evaluation. The students faced three constraints: the quality of the feedback, impartiality, and the clarity of the assessment criteria. It is recommended that when performing an OPA, teachers provide clear instructions regarding the stages and pay attention to the issues experienced by students.

The impetus of this study is to investigate students' attitudes towards online language learning based on their previous academic experiences and year of study, including the decision to major or minor (i.e., motivation). A total of 975 students completed a survey questionnaire consisting of background information, Likert scale items, and open-ended questions. The quantitative data were analyzed using an exploratory factor analysis and one-way ANOVAs and were complemented with qualitative data based on students' responses. Findings indicate that students generally want consistent access to online learning, and that students with prior online-learning experience or with a desire to take an online course presented a statistically significant more positive perception of online language classes. There were also differences in perception of success in the online classes between those students who intended to major or minor in the language and those who did not. The results further revealed a decline in perception of success in online classes with the higher-level classifications (i.e., year of study). This study provides baseline attitudinal data to be built upon in future research and informs stakeholders of language programs in their curricular decisions.

The career transition of lecturers and education staff has brought several organizational role changes, resulting in difficulty adapting and overcoming the impacts that arise from career transitions. The purpose of the study is to explore the adaptation experience and impact of the career transition of lecturers and education staff in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative methods with a grounded theory approach. Informants are recruited using the snowball sampling method. The number of informants interviewed was 18 people from 7 state universities in Indonesia. The results of the interview were coded with NVIVO software. The analysis results indicate that the consequences of a career transition consist of two phases, namely: adaptation and change, consisting of 23 dimensions and 50 indicators. The adaptation phase consists of 4 main categories, namely situation, self, support, and strategies. Schlossberg's Transition Theory can explain the adaptation process. The change phase includes four categories: behavior, role, learning, and perception. The findings show that during the change phase, informants use two career anchors, in contrast to Schein's Anchor Career Theory which states that individuals only use one main career anchor. This research enriches the theory of career transition in the context of higher education institutions in Indonesia.

Motivated by the "emotional turn" in applied linguistics and the recent introduction of positive psychology in L2 studies, the present study aimed to validate and shorten the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ) for measuring positive emotions in foreign language learning and classroom settings. To this end, data were collected from 442 Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students from several major state universities using the adapted sub-scales of positive classroom- and learning-related emotions of the AEQ. To prepare the short version, five items with the highest factor loadings in each of the six sub-scales were retained, which resulted in a total of 30 items. A six-factor model of this short version called Foreign Language Positive Emotions Questionnaire (FL-PEQ) was corroborated, which indicated that this measure could adequately differentiate between enjoyment, hope, and pride in foreign language "learning" and "classroom." Additionally, internal validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the FL-PEQ were confirmed.

Environmental damage is a negative effect of human activities. The young generation is saddled with the burden of environmental damage left by the previous generations and must take on a role as an agent of change in improving the environment. This study analyses the pro-environmental behaviour of Indonesian students, the factors affecting such behaviour, and efforts to improve those behaviours. This research uses a quantitative approach with survey methods. Four hundred seventy (470) students in the department of geography and department of geography education from various public and private universities in Indonesia have participated as research respondents. The research instrument used was a questionnaire employing the Likert scale. The research variables were environmental knowledge (X1), environmental responsibility (X2), value-belief--norm (X3), environmental education (X4), and pro-environmental behaviour (Y). Data were analysed using path analysis through partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) software version 3. Findings revealed high levels of pro-environmental behaviour, affected by environmental knowledge, environmental responsibility, value-belief-norm, and environmental education having convincing positive effects on forming environmental behaviour.

A growing interest in teacher identity and decision-making has emerged in language teaching; however, studies where English language teaching (ELT) educators reflect on their own practice are limited. We engaged in a self-study to understand how our experiences influenced our ELT educator identity at a public university in Colombia. A constructivist paradigm enabled us to focus on intra and interpersonal reflection as we created artifacts and met to discuss our teaching experiences. Using collaborative analysis, we developed our main themes represented by a red poppy. Based on the findings, our teaching identity is shaped by our families and teachers (roots), teaching misconceptions (leaves), new teaching experiences (new blossoms), other identities (petals), world views about education (cotton soul), and social justice agenda (seeds of change).

The idea of "threshold concepts" has been used to identify discipline-based concepts that are critical to that academic area. Threshold concepts are often difficult for students to assimilate in a meaningful way but, once done, can be powerful for the learner. In general, threshold concepts are 1) transformative to learner thinking; 2) bounded by the discipline; 3) integrative with other concepts; and 4) irreversible once understood (Meyer and Land 2003). This paper presents five threshold concepts in quantitative reasoning (QR) developed by transdisciplinary faculty workgroups that may be applicable for non-mathematics disciplines as well. They are as follows: 1) QR is an iterative process; 2) Abstract patterns can represent relationships between variables or objects; 3) There is a bidirectional translation between the concrete and the abstract; 4) Effective comparison depends on proportional reasoning; and 5) Different visual representations can communicate varying perspectives on the same quantitative information. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to explore and justify the proposed concepts as threshold concepts in QR-based courses and to offer practical examples which might assist students in developing and understanding these proposed threshold concepts.

Environmental or ecological knowledge means understanding the relationship between living organisms and their environment. The study aimed to analyze the knowledge, attitude, and behavioral components of environmental literacy of prospective teachers for quality education in District Lahore. The objective of this study was to assess the ecological literacy of future teachers in terms of the information, attitudes, and behaviors they possess. The methodology employed in this investigation was a quantitative one. A convenient selection sample of 325 graduate aspiring educators at Lahore's 13 public universities enrolled in teacher education programs was chosen. This investigation made use of two data collection tools. The survey was broken up into two sections. Section A contains fundamental demographic information, while Section B is subdivided into three categories; Environmental Attitudes (EA), Environmental Behaviors (EB), and Environmental Knowledge (EK). This study found that prospective educators have a moderate level of ecological literacy. Male prospective teachers were more literate than their female counterparts, but there was no discernible gender gap in environmental literacy. Future educators do have favorable perspectives and actions toward the environment. No significant gender differences in prospective teachers' attitudes or actions were discovered. It is suggested that colleges and universities that prepare future educators must include environmental studies.

Students believe mathematics is best learned by memorization; however, endorsing memorization as a study strategy is associated with a decrease in learning (Schoenfeld, 1989). When the world changed with the onset of the COVID-19 global pandemic, instruction transitioned to fully remote instruction where many assignments and examinations became open textbook, open note, and even open Internet. In this new world, did students change their beliefs about the role of memorization in learning? Did academic performance change? And did the relationship between memorization beliefs and academic performance change? The current study takes advantage of data collected in an online interactive statistics textbook used by courses before (in-person) and after (remote) the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic at three institutions, each representing a part of the California Master Plan for Higher Education (e.g., University of California, California State University, and California Community Colleges). Results from 2668 students who used the textbook showed that the UC institution had lower memorization belief scores compared to both the CSU and CCC institutions. Even when controlling for institution and chapter of the textbook, lower memorization belief scores were related to higher performance. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences in either memorization beliefs nor performance before and after transitioning to online remote instruction due to the pandemic. Although much of educational research is conducted in one institution, this kind of research can identify differences across institutional contexts to understand how learning can be affected by different teaching formats, including in-person and online/distance, brought on by disruptive social changes such as a global pandemic.

COVID-19 challenges induced a U.S. meatpacking industry bottleneck. Ohio Extension identified the need and responded by creating a three-step hands-on training for teenage junior fair exhibitors. Ohio Extension Meat Scientist and graduate students assisted in demonstrating an on-farm hog harvest and processing event in collaboration with a local Extension office for 4-H and FFA teenagers. To add a practical perspective, a local hog-producing and harvesting family was asked to assist with the event. An online post-survey reflected 90-100% gains in five educational areas and 100% said they would a similar event in the future and recommend it to a friend.

From a linguistic perspective it seems intuitive that a strong link would exist between the study of linguistics and critical thinking (CT). After all, linguistics is about making sense of language analysis, which contributes to the enhancement of CT while CT, in reciprocation, enables meaningful analysis. Yet this link has virtually never been clearly defined or made explicit either in studies on linguistics teaching and learning or in those on CT development. This paper explores the relationship between linguistics study and CT in the Vietnamese context from the perspectives of undergraduate English Linguistics students and their lecturers, with a view to improving both students' linguistics study and their CT. Drawing on data collected in questionnaires and interviews at a public university in Vietnam, the findings of the study reveal a variety of aspects of linguistics tasks and classroom activities where the link is significant as well as a range of specific CT skills and dispositions that are related to linguistics teaching and learning. In general, the students and the lecturers showed a positive attitude towards the integration of CT into linguistics teaching and learning, but challenges and barriers to this integration were identified. The study suggests the use of problem-solving tasks and open-ended questions for fostering the reciprocal relationship between linguistics study and CT.

The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between student engagement, brand image, student satisfaction and loyalty. Furthermore, the study intends to explore the mediating role of student satisfaction in the relationship between engagement and loyalty as well as brand image and loyalty in the context of higher education. A representative sample of 296 students from the three best private universities in Dhaka has been gathered in order to test the hypotheses. The study demonstrates that brand image has a favorable impact on student satisfaction while student engagement has no influence on student satisfaction. The results show that loyalty is heavily influenced by the student satisfaction construct. When there is no mediation between student engagement and loyalty, a complete mediation is recognized when student satisfaction is a mediator between brand image and student loyalty. The study also reveals that there is a negative correlation between student engagement and satisfaction. The results of the research definitely improve brand perception which keeps students engaged to their higher education.

At two higher education institutions in Kurdistan (Iraq), English as foreign language (EFL) programs aim to provide adult learners with language skills development that they need to excel in their majors and as professionals. A framework called the Community of Inquiry (COI), based on interactionist and constructivist-learning theories was used to create a needs analysis tool to inform the design, delivery, and evaluation of a collaborative mini-conference hosted by the two institutions during and post-COVID pandemic. The current study explores the use of the needs assessment, which measured instructors' beliefs following the sudden transition to online learning during the pandemic, and their awareness of principles of teaching and learning for EFL learners in particular within the context of Kurdistan Iraq. There are opportunities in and beyond the current setting to address issues of equity, capacity for integrating tech skills with pedagogy, and more empathy between public and private institutions of higher education that support EFL learners. The study gathered critical evidence through qualitative and quantitative research methods that assessed institutional, faculty, and student needs during the transition of online learning.

Peer review is useful for providing students with formative feedback, yet it is used less frequently in STEM classrooms and for supporting writing-to-learn (WTL). While research indicates the benefits of incorporating peer review into classrooms, less research is focused on students' perceptions thereof. Such research is important as it speaks to the mechanisms whereby peer review can support learning. This study examines students' self-reported approaches to and perceptions of peer review and revision associated with WTL assignments implemented in an organic chemistry course. Students responded to a survey covering how they approached peer review and revision and the benefits they perceived from participating in each. Findings indicate that the assignment materials guided students' approaches during both peer review and revision. Furthermore, students described various ways both receiving feedback from their peers and reading their peers' drafts were beneficial, but primarily connected their revisions to receiving feedback.