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After Italy attained a national state structure in the second half of the 19th century, it embarked on some imperialist/irredentist activities. It especially targeted the western coasts of Dalmatia, the Balkans, the places in the Mediterranean and in Africa that were not yet dominated by other Great Powers. In the mentioned century, the Ottoman Empire was in various political, economic and social turmoil. Therefore, Italy saw this situation as an opportunity and developed policies to achieve these goals. In this study, based on the materials of The Republic of Turkey, Directorate of State Archives, Ottoman Archive (BOA henceforth), it has been researched how effect on the Ottoman Empire what was done between 1911 and 1912 in order to occupy or at least take control of Albania, which was the key to Italy’s exit to the Balkans. On the other hand, it was tried to determine which initiatives the Ottomans followed closely. In addition, it has been examined how the administrative authorities interpret the developments in Italy and the aims of Italy, and what measures they strive to take. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on material from the Austrian State Archives and the writings of contemporary observers, the article explores the two-pronged approach to Roma ("Gypsies") on the Habsburg frontier, particularly the Banat of Temesvár. On the one hand, officials and observers disdained the Romani presence and sought to expel or limit it. On the other, the Roma were recognized as essential to the economic life of the region and thus to be assimilated and integrated into society. Both approaches reverberated into the twentieth century throughout Europe. In the end, neither approach was successful as Roma themselves resisted both expulsion and assimilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text discusses new books on the history and memory of Soviet repressions, particularly focusing on the Gulag system under Stalin. It highlights the violence and death faced by prisoners in the camps, the efforts to commemorate the victims, and the ongoing research on the topic. The books explore the origins, functions, and life in the camps, as well as the experiences of prisoners and medical staff. The text also touches on the memory of German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union and their repatriation. Overall, the books provide valuable insights into the complex and brutal history of the Gulag system and its lasting impact on society. [Extracted from the article]

Enderūn School, which had an important place in the Ottoman education system, was established with the aim of training qualified civil and military personels for the state. This institution consisted of rooms or wards where gradual education was provided, and those with superior qualities among the devshirmes were taken here and subjected to special training. In Enderūn, the education started in Great and Small Chambers (Büyük and Küçük Oda) and ended in the Private Chamber (Hās Oda) at the highest level after the education they received in the palaces of Edirne, Galata, İbrahim Pasha and İskender Çelebi, which was a kind of preparatory school. In the first two rooms of the education, which continued in seven stages, basic courses were given in addition to Turkish, Arabic and Persian without specialisation. Those who successfully completed these stages were given the opportunity to develop their individual skills by providing theoretical lessons in the other rooms and the opportunity to practice due to their obligation to fulfil the work of the room they were in. Inner boys (İç oğlanlar), who also received art education according to their talents, were also trained in various sports branches. Those who completed the training period in each room were promoted to the next level as they were deemed successful, thus endeavouring to bring the best ones to a level to serve the state. Since the Qurʾān al-Karīms and books in the library of the Cellar Room (Kiler Odası), which is one of the rooms here, are the subject of the article, brief information about this room is given and the works, most of which are manuscripts, are introduced, and the other rooms are excluded from the study. The members of the Cellar Room, which is in the fifth rank of the Enderūn School from bottom to top, were assigned to meet all kinds of food and beverage needs of the sultan and the harem under the direction of the cellar master (kilercibaşı) called serkilārīi hāṣṣa, and serving food to the sultan was also given to this ward. The charge of supplying candles for the palace rooms and masjids and the preparation of the tarpaulins used in injuries were included among the duty of the room’s members. In addition to these duties, the inner boys received theoretical education and completed courses that were similar to the education given in madrasas, and tried to be successful by reading books on religious sciences, ethics, grammar, literature and history. Information about the books in the ward was found in a register (defter) belonging to the Topkapı Palace Museum Archive in the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Directorate of State Archives Ottoman Archive, and these data, which provide information about the theoretical education here, are tried to be explained within the scope of the article. The aforementioned register was kept due to a waqf established by Süleyman Agha, the cellar’s chamberlain (Kiler Kethüdası) of the period, in Evāsıt-ı Muharrem 1154/29 March-7 April 1741, in order to ensure the protection of the Qurʾān al-Karīms and some of the books in the library of the room after some of them were lost, and the books in the library were recorded with all their characteristics. The register, which was prepared with the aim of determining the current situation at the time of the waqf’s establishment and to control the books in the following process based on these records, was first written Muṣḥafs from large to small according to their size, then Qurʾān al-Karīm chapters, Enʿāms and prayer books, then tafsir, hadith, fiqh, jurisprudence, al-ʿakāʾid, Sufism and logic books, works on Arabic grammar and other books on various subjects. The types of calligraphy, the number of lines on the pages and the illumination features of the Qurʾān al-Karīms of these manuscripts, most of which are in the category of rare works, are recorded separately, and if they were endowed, it is especially stated by whom they were donated. The books that had previously been in the library but had been lost were also noted, and efforts were made to preserve the books through the protector of the books (ḥāfiẓ-i kütüb), who was employed by the waqf established to prevent further losses. The data in the register enable to the writing of this article, which aims to know the manuscript and illuminated Qurʾān al-Karīms and books on various subjects, most of which are manuscripts, which are believed to have been found in other rooms of the Enderūn School, and thus to learn which works were taught to the inner boys during their education. The data in the register enabled to the writing of this article, so it is aimed to know the manuscript and illuminated Qurʾān al-Karīms and books on various subjects, most of which are manuscripts, which are believed to have been found in other rooms of the Enderūn School, and thus to learn which works were taught to the inner boys during their education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores a turning point in Soviet-Turkish relations during the Cold War: the 1967 interstate agreement that enabled construction of the backbone of Turkey’s post-war state-owned industry, including the petroleum refinery in Aliağa, the steel plant in İskenderun, and the aluminium plant in Seydişehir. It shows that Turkish leaders were not unusual in their balancing of Western and Soviet aid, nor in their attempt to use state intervention to overcome underdevelopment. During the 1950s and 1960s, Jawaharlal Nehru and Gamal Abdel Nasser employed similar tactics for similar ends. What was indeed unusual, was that Turkey was the only NATO member to receive such significant Soviet industrial aid. To explore the Soviet approach and the Turkish response, the article uses recently declassified records from the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History (RGANI) and the Turkish state archives (BCA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Philology Bengu / Uluslararası Filoloji Bengü is the property of Uluslararasi Filoloji Bengu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ottoman Legacy Studies (OMAD) / Osmanlı Mirası Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Ottoman Legacy Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ottoman Legacy Studies (OMAD) / Osmanlı Mirası Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Ottoman Legacy Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the censorship of literary works such as "Paradise Lost" and "The Divine Comedy" in the Ottoman Empire during the late 19th century. The archival document from 1898 reveals the prohibition of these works due to their potential subversive influence on Ottoman society. The ban on translations of these works, particularly in Bulgarian and Italian, was aimed at preventing the spread of Western ideas and maintaining political control. The prohibition of "The Divine Comedy" was rooted in its negative portrayal of Islam, which was deemed offensive to Ottoman sensibilities. [Extracted from the article]

The editorial in the Slavic & East European Information Resources journal pays tribute to two esteemed colleagues, Janet Irene Crayne and Harold (Harry) McIver Leich, who passed away in November. The journal's final issue for 2024 features research articles on Admiral A. V. Kolchak's papers and the Carpatho-Russian Miscellanea Collection, as well as columns on Ukrainian DP publications, memoirs of Patricia Polansky, book reviews, and a new Bibliography column. The issue highlights diverse topics related to Slavic, East European, and Eurasian studies, showcasing the contributions of scholars and librarians in the field. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Homo Sovieticus Washed Ashore: A Research Agenda for Studying the Second Wave of the Russian Emigration" by Benjamin Tromly explores the experiences of Soviet citizens who left the country during World War II. These individuals, known as the second wave of emigrants, faced challenges such as forced displacement, wartime collaboration, and the struggle to avoid repatriation. The article highlights the complex identities, political activities, and cultural interactions of these emigrants, shedding light on how Soviet subjects adapted to new environments and grappled with issues of national identity and political culture. Researchers can explore these themes by examining personal papers, archives, and historical sources related to the second-wave emigrants. [Extracted from the article]

The article delves into the resettlement of Ukrainians and Belarusians from Poland to the Soviet Union between 1944-47, shedding light on the propaganda tactics and obstacles encountered by Soviet authorities. Initially framed as a voluntary exchange, the resettlement eventually turned coercive, met with skepticism and resistance from the local populace. Despite the propaganda's emphasis on national homeland and socialist benefits, many perceived the move as punitive rather than advantageous. The text underscores the challenges and complexities surrounding the forced deportations and manipulation of identities during this period. [Extracted from the article]

The article is dedicated to an in-depth examination of the historical context surrounding the national liberation movement of the Kazakh people, led by the last independent khan of the Kazakh steppes, Kenesary Kasymov, during the 1830s and 1840s. It draws upon a wealth of recently unearthed archival materials from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan, alongside the recently discovered source of the 19th-century 'Nasab-name-yiSadyk' – 'Pedigree of Sadyk'. The article is devoted to the biographies of Kenesary Khan and his son Sadyk, as well as to the field of Russian historiography. The relevance of this issue is twofold: firstly, due to the continued attention paid to the personality of Kenesary Khan in modern Kazakh society, and secondly, due to the limited historiographical tradition in the region, with only a handful of articles having been published on this topic in recent times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the possible hidden meanings behind the ingredients mentioned in the witches' cauldron scene in Shakespeare's Macbeth. While traditional interpretations view the ingredients as literal body parts, the author suggests that they may have symbolic references to people and events in 16th and 17th-century England. Specifically, the author examines the connection between the term "blinde-worm" and William Cecil, Lord Burghley, a prominent figure in Queen Elizabeth I's court. The article provides historical and linguistic evidence to support this theory. Additionally, the article discusses the significance of these allusions in understanding the play's themes of succession and its relevance to Elizabethan politics. The article also briefly touches on the controversy surrounding the authorship of Macbeth and its potential connection to Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Social Sciences Studies is the property of Social Sciences Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Guerriera Guerrieri is a protagonist of the Italian cultural history of the last century, remembered for the intensity of her work and for the multiplicity of initiatives and actions that characterized her professional activity as a librarian and which still allow us today to remember her as a figure of absolute importance in Italy; among these, the development of cataloging rules, the cataloging of periodicals and the diffusion of books and reading, activities which he carried out with an awareness not only about librarianship, but also about cultural and bibliographical aspects. Guerrieri's professional and personal life, however, was not simply dotted with satisfactions and successes, but the war, some family deaths, the instability of a residence, and envy and slander exacerbated by the fact that she was a capable and esteemed woman in her own environment, forced her to resist tenaciously until she was discharged from service. To the analysis and contextualization of the information already known, this essay adds the critical presentation of others documents from the numerous documents contained in his personal file preserved in Rome at the Central State Archive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to examine the military censorship applied to the mail of Allied Powers prisoners held by the Ottoman Empire during World War I. In this sense, the reasons for the military censorship applied to the letters, telegrams, postal packages, books and pamphlets of the prisoners, the method of application, and the success or failure of the censorship applied to the prisoner mails were tried to be analysed. Thus, the limitations of the prisoners in communication were evaluated. The Ottoman Empire published a Censorship Directive in August 1914, before it even got involved in the war. Thus, censorship practices began in areas such as the press, communication, cinema, and theatre. The directive stated that prisoner mail would be censored according to the principles of the "Instruction on Prisoners" [Üsera Hakkında Talimatname] issued by the Ottoman Government. Accordingly, letters, money orders, cash, and postal packages that were specific to prisoners of war or sent domestically or internationally by them were exempt from postage. However, letters belonging to prisoners of war, packages sent in their name, newspapers, and the items they would send would always be subject to censorship. In other words, any mail sent by prisoners would not be sent without censorship, or mail sent to them would not be given to them without censorship. Mail found objectionable after the censorship process was not returned to the prisoners. The study benefited from the data of the Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye Directorate of State Archives, the Military History Archive of the Ministry of National Defense, the ATASE Fund, and the Ottoman Archive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mediterranea - Ricerche Storiche is the property of Mediterranea-Ricerche Storiche and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the first decades of the 20th century, several large estates exi sted in Slavonia, belonging to noble families and operating under their admini stration, or parts of these estates were leased to business entities that utilized them. Some large estates covered vast areas of forest and agricultural land, yiel ding significant income. There were also several smaller economic entities that contributed conside rably to the economic prosperity of Slavonia. After World War II, all these estates were taken from their previous owners and transferred to state ownership. In this process, court proceedings were con ducted, and among other penalties, the mandatory confiscation of all property was imposed. The main accusation against the owners of these economic entities was the alleged collaboration with the enemy, although they had only been conducting their regular economic activities during World War II. Using examples of individual Slavonian noble families, we will illustrate how this process took place in everyday court practice. Due to these developments, Osijek emerged in the first decades of the 20th century as a strong economic centre, housing some of the most significant business entities. Archival sources from the State Archives in Osijek contain documents from several archival collections that provide insight into the court proceedings con ducted after World War II. These documents show that property was confiscated from individuals and their families who held high positions in the regime of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and collaborated with the German army. However, property was also confiscated from many families whose only crime was the continued operation of their factories, workshops, and agricultural esta tes during the war. The archival material used in writing this paper is primarily from the follo wing archival collections: the District Court of Osijek, the County Court of Osi jek, and the Court for the Protection of the National Honour of Croats and Serbs in Croatia. Gaps in the court proceedings materials were supplemented with data from other archival collections stored in the State Archives in Osijek. It is particularly notable that lawsuits for “collaboration with the occupier” were filed not only against Germans and Croats who owned large estates, facto ries, or workshops but also against Serbs and Jews whose factories and crafts continued to operate during World War II. Ironically, such proceedings were also initiated against Jews who were sent to concentration camps during the war, where they perished. Their factories and workshops were nationalized by the NDH authorities and sold to others or handed over to commissioners for management. However, as the authorities after World War II did not recognize any agreements or contracts made during the NDH period, they filed charges of “collaboration with the occupier” against the previous owners, who had been imprisoned or killed by those authorities. In all of these proceedings, in addition to other penalties, the confiscation of all property was imposed. Sentences ranged from death and imprisonment to a negligible number of sentences involving the loss of national honour or shortterm suspended sentences, which were always combined with the confiscation of all property, which in some cases was vast. This archival material became especially relevant when the return of confi scated property began in Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the status of anatomy as a scientific discipline within Ottoman medicine in the context of modern medicine and to compare it with other contemporary schools of thought while also comparing the progress of European anatomy through the first decade of the Anatomische Gesellschaft. Starting in 1839, Ottoman authorities endeavored to establish a European-style foundation for anatomy, recognized as the oldest and most fundamental branch of medicine by the medical community, while also forging extensive relations with the European scientific community, including inviting physicians from central Europe to modernize the field of anatomy and promote comprehensive education in Ottoman medicine. We analyzed the supplements of the Anatomische Anzeiger journal (Verhandlungen der Anatomischen Gesellschaft, Anatomische Gesellschaft) for the first ten years of congress submissions, specifically focusing on presentations, demonstrations, and the participation of international physicians and scientists. Additionally, we searched the online archives of the Ottoman state archives for invitations to scientific meetings and information about the involvement of scientists. This revealed that despite the active participation of many scientists in international meetings other than anatomy, particularly in research related to public health, there was a noticeable absence of contributions in the field of anatomy. This reveals that the modernization efforts of Ottoman medicine were primarily intended to define educational goals, with scientific research and application significantly neglected during this period. Our argument is supported by the fact that scientists trained in the same tradition, primarily from Vienna, played a significant role in both their quantity and experimental studies within the scientific activities of the Anatomische Gesellschaft considered in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia i Polityka is the property of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi is the property of Tarih Incelemeleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Amme Idaresi Dergisi is the property of Public Administration Institute for Turkey & the Middle East (TODAIE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Know Their Names: the Queensland Government's Aboriginal workers and the system that exploited them" by Lesley Synge is a compassionate exploration of the history of Aboriginal workers at the Rewan Police Horse Breeding Station in Central Queensland. The book sheds light on the contributions of Aboriginal workers in the horse-breeding industry and their omission from Australian history. Through biographical sketches and historical research, Synge aims to dismantle the 'Great Australian Silence' and honor the names and stories of these often forgotten individuals. The work is a significant addition to the understanding of Australia's shared history and the contributions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander voices. [Extracted from the article]

Market researchers and the market research industry more generally have paid little attention to the history of market research. This inattention to the past has not only resulted in a significant gap in our knowledge of market research and history more generally, it has also obscured the benefits that can be derived from an understanding of history. Using letters, reports and survey contained in the Ashby Research Service archive at the State Library of New South Wales in Australia, this article seeks to illustrate the benefits to be derived from undertaking historical research on market research and those involved in the market research business. By examining some of the cultural factors informing market research business practices and the ways that the marketing and the media industries have interacted with market researchers, this article not only takes step in addressing the gap in our knowledge of market research history, it also demonstrates the relevance and importance of market research history for business and marketing historians and, indeed, market research scholars and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]