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The paper highlights the evolution of meat consumption in Romania between 2007 and 2022 based on statistical data retrieved from the National Institute of Statistics and also presents a recent 2024 diagnosis on Romanian meat consumption from field data acquired through a questionnaire survey to which 1002 people gave valid answers. For the average annual meat consumption in Romania it was found that it varies depending on the category: for beef it was a decreasing trend, for pork the trend was slightly increasing, and the consumption of mutton and goat meat had an insignificant variation. The central place in terms of meat consumption was occupied by poultry (34.78%), which had the most obvious increase. The questionnaire reflected that meat consumption is influenced by multiple factors including: age, income level, level of education, origin of meat etc. In the context of climate and geopolitical change, there is an increasing emphasis on finding alternatives for meat. The largest share of respondents to the questionnaire said that they will continue to consume meat, the rest preferring substitutes obtained from vegetables. Our results and the analysis, correlations and approaches done within this paper could serve as a basis for meat consumption patterns in Romania and may ground future marketing policies and sustainable development strategies in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the analysis is to quantify the impact of subsidies on the activity of two large farms of 600 ha and 3000 ha, respectively. The innovative solution from this analysis is to create a model that can be used at the macroeconomic level, showing the possible ways in which these large farms can secure their incomes. To study the use of these subsidies, the methods of technical–economic analysis, economic–financial analysis and statistical analysis of the data were used. Descriptive statistics, visual inspection and basic comparative methods were used to determine the statistical patterns of subsidy impact and variation for each crop. In this context, this is evidence of the possibility of probable expansion of crop income and profitability. The results were different for the two arable farms studied. The results for the 600 ha arable farm suggested that the statistical model was inconclusive due to the annual adjustment of the cropping plan and the impossibility of making viable forecasts, especially since the ecological performance fluctuated (in 2020 the farm was on the verge of profitability), although the positive impact of subsidies was evident in loss-making years. For the 3000 ha arable farm, the statistical model was relevant because it highlighted crops (corn and soybeans) that consistently contributed to good and increasing income and economic performance, as well as highlighting the significant impact of subsidies. The conclusions of the study emphasize the indispensability of subsidies for large farms and the contribution of crops to income generation. These conclusions provide a valuable source of information for relevant policy decisions and can guide future research aiming to increase the profitability of these farms and allocate resources appropriately and efficiently in the agricultural sector.

"European Green Architecture" refers to the implementation of sustainable agriculture that provides sufficient food and ecosystem services for both present and future generations. The conditions contained in eco-scheme PD-04 "Environmentally friendly practices for arable land" refer to the introduction of agricultural practices that have a positive impact on the environment and are aimed at farms with an area of more than 10.01 ha. The data was provided by the Agency for Payments and Interventions in Agriculture in Romania. The method of analysis was the comparative method, as well as the analysis of the structure of the cultivated and non-cultivated areas, the average for each county of Romania, the situation of the structure of the crops and the presence of nitrogen-fixing crops and protein crops, relevant indicators for the farms that applied for the PD-0 eco-scheme. The results of the analysis show that in 2023, the number of farms in Romania that have applied for the PD-04 eco-scheme is 46,608, with a total area of 5,789,746.35 ha, of which 2,934 were declared as uncultivated land, corresponding to 26,829.82 ha. According to the general agronomic rules, the crop rotation for field crops aims at an optimal crop structure as follows: 25% cereal straw, 25% maize, 25% legumes (soybeans, peas, beans, etc.) and sunflowers, 25% forage crops (alfalfa, clover, peas, etc.) necessary to increase soil fertilization. The paper presents the culture preferences of Romanian farmers in the year 2023, regarding the implementation of the eco-scheme PD-04 "Environmentally beneficial practices applicable to arable land". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean is a crop with major benefits for the environment, under the conditions of using good agricultural practices, by fixing atmospheric nitrogen which reduces fertilization with mineral nitrogen and its leaching. The integration of soybean in the crop rotation is beneficial and can create conditions for its relaunch and long-term viability so that European consumption can be covered and the dependence on imports can be reduced. The case study carried out on two farms in Romania, South - Muntenia Region, highlighted that, under irrigation conditions, this crop had productions of over 4,000 kg/ha. The capitalization price increased during the analysis period, so the farms recorded a positive and ascending result in the period 2019-2021, except the 600 ha farm, which in 2019, recorded a loss because the crop was not irrigated and the production average (1,712 kg/ha) was insufficient for profit obtaining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research captured a series of aspects related to the global pork market, focusing, above all, on the 2015-2021 interval. The main indicators that had to be analysed are: worldwide pig herds, worldwide pork production, global pork consumption, worldwide imports and exports of pork. Regarding pork, it was found that it is part of the food consumption model for part of the world's population, because it presents several characteristics agreed by consumers. The statistical data that were presented and analyzed in the study were provided by the FAOSTAT website. In order to better capture the evolution of the worldwide pork market, numerous specialized materials were consulted. In 2021, Asia achieved 52.4% of the production share of pig meat with the bone, fresh or chilled obtained worldwide. The top three pork consuming countries in 2021 were: Korea (31.6 kg/inhabitant); Vietnam (25.9 kg/inhabitant) and Chile (25.0 kg/inhabitant). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat is an important element in human nutrition, and its consumption is expected to increase in the coming years in parallel with population growth. However, the livestock sector faces problems related to climate change, animal protection and welfare, and various epizootics, which have decimated livestock. In this context, the article analyses pig, cattle and sheep herds, as well as the production of pig, beef and sheep meat resulting from slaughterhouses in the EU, focusing on the main animal breeders and meat producers, for the period 2018-2022. The results of the study show that the number of pigs, cattle and sheep in the EU decreased during the period under review, as well as the total production of slaughtered meat. The most important pig breeders were Spain, Germany and France, for cattle - France, Germany and Ireland, and for sheep - Spain, Romania and Greece. Among the meat-producing countries stood out: for pork - Spain, Germany and France; for beef - France, Germany and Italy and for sheep meat - Spain, France and Ireland. At the same time, the article presents the perspectives of meat consumption, in the context of the pressures to which the livestock sector is subject and the changes that are manifested in the food preferences of European consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main economic objective of farms is to maximize turnover, being one of the main ways to increase profitability. The paper presents the implications of the agricultural products produced and utilized by a large crop farm on the turnover in the period 2019-2021, establishing at the same time, which of these crops are indicated to be included in the annual crop plan. The research method used is the Pareto method, which is an analysis focused on the study of a past period, which allows highlighting, according to a determined criterion, the most representative individuals from a population. The results showed that in each year of the period included in the study, the crops that contributed significantly to the turnover were: in 2019, winter winter wheat, followed by maize and rapeseed, in 2020, maize and rapeseed, and in 2021, maize and soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conducted study captures a series of aspects regarding the production and trade of barley worldwide, in the period 2015-2021. In order to achieve the objective of this study, the main indicators related to the barley production and marketing sector were analyzed, such as: the area cultivated with barley worldwide; barley production obtained at the global level; average production per hectare of barley; consumption of barley; global imports and exports of barley. Barley culture can be found on all continents, but the cultivated area differs greatly from one region to another. In 2021, the largest area cultivated with barley at the continental level was in Europe, of 22,525,713 ha. In the period 2015-2021, Europe achieved 60.7% of the barley production obtained worldwide. Europe is the leader both in terms of the area cultivated with barley, as well as the production achieved in the interval under analysis. Barley is particularly important, because it has multiple uses, such as: for human food; for animal feed and an important source of raw materials for industry. At the present time, on a global level, barley culture is in the attention of agricultural specialists. The statistical data used in the paper were provided by the Faostat website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The profitability of maize cultivation depends on the production yield of this crop. This paper presents the analysis of the yield and profitability of maize cultivation in three crop farms of different sizes in Romania. From the analysis carried out, a number of results are obtained, which lead to the conclusion that in order to reach the profitability threshold, the production in the 60 ha farm would have to be at least 133.26 tons of maize in 2019, at least 85.83 tons of maize in 2020, and at least 165.56 tons of maize in 2021; in the 600 ha farm, the production in 2019 would have to be at least 2.350.23 tons of maize in 2019, 2,198.44 tons of maize in 2020, and 3,172.33 tons of maize in 2021; and in the 3,000 ha farm, the production should have been at least 4,157.75 tons of maize in 2019, 4,424.70 tons of maize in 2020, and 6,284.46 tons of maize in 2021. These productions were made only by the farm of 3,000 ha, which had a constant profitability of the maize crop, exceeding the profitability threshold every year, as follows: in 2019 with 2,216.85 tons of maize, in 2020 with 2,738.60 tons of maize and in 2021 with 3,887.34 tons. On farms of 60 ha and 600 ha, the profitability threshold could not be reached, in most cases, the major causes being of agropedoclimatic and economic nature. The conclusion of the analysis carried out was that, in order to have a constant profitability of the maize crop, it is necessary to counteract the drought by introducing irrigation to this crop, reducing production expenses and increasing the value of subsidies, so that the gross product highlights the profitability of the maize crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to obtain a good yield and high profitability for the winter wheat crop, a good interaction between the plant and the environment is needed for carrying out a strategic planning of the best agricultural practices. The most representative ones aim at the choice of varieties with genetic characteristics and high production capacity, the application of an optimal level of fertilization and the integrated fight against pathogens, which are key factors that contribute to increasing the productivity and quality of wheat harvests. The paper presents the analysis of the yield and profitability of the wheat crop in three large crop farms of different sizes in Romania. From the analysis carried out, in order to reach the profitability threshold, the following results were highlighted: on the farm of 60 ha, in the year 2021, on a cultivated area of 35.5 ha, the total production realized and sold must be 214.41 tons; on the farm of 600 ha, the cultivated area being 86 ha, the total production obtained and sold must be 514.24 tons; on the 3,000 ha farm, which had a cultivated area of 709.62 ha, the total cultivated and sold production must be 4,209.48 tons. It is necessary to specify the fact that in 2019 and 2020 the profitability threshold could not be reached, in most cases. This situation was due to drought, high production costs and low farm gate prices. The conclusion of the study is that the profitability of the winter wheat crop is difficult to be increased, taking into account the high and growing production expenses registered annually by farmers. In this situation, the increase in farm dependence on subsidies to ensure a favourable raw product for the winter wheat crop has clearly emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper emphasizes the importance of subsidizing agricultural activities, taking into account the climate changes that are more and more evident making agricultural holdings particularly vulnerable from an economic point of view, the most exposed being the small ones. The technical-economic the economic-financial analysis methods drew a technical-economic diagnosis of a small-scale vegetable farm in Romania, in order to highlight the major impact that subsidies have in achieving incomes that ensure the continuity of the activity. The vegetable farm under study was established in 2018, being included in the category of micro-enterprises paying income tax. It owns agricultural land exclusively on lease, the existing crops being those of wheat, corn, alfalfa, bell peppers and melons, with average productions/ha achieved similar to or below the average productions/ha recorded at national, regional and county level. From an economic and financial point of view, this holding presents a financial instability during the analysis period, based on the losses recorded in 2018 and 2020 and a non-compliant financial autonomy based on insufficient equity capital. It does not have the ability to generate constant profit during the period included in the study by capitalizing on production, it being small and insufficient, which denotes the major dependence on the income from exploitation subsidies in order to be profitable. Liquidity indicators evolve fluctuating and solvency is generally downward and positioned above the safety threshold, which places small-scale vegetable farms at risk of insolvency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate changes with their effects: floods, drought, desertification affect agricultural production. Likewise, the Agricultural Policies on the European Union, through the Farm to Fork Strategy, propose limiting the amount of fertilizers to improve the quality of the environment. Farmers must adapt and use high-performance technologies to face these challenges. In this context, the study analyses the perception of farmers with large farms regarding the main factors that influence the evolution of agriculture in Romania. According to the survey, the factors that influence the increase in agricultural production are: the use of selected seeds, adapted to the agricultural area where the farm operates, the establishment/expansion of irrigation systems, access to new research in the agricultural field, the increase in the level of training of agricultural personnel, the intensive application of fertilizers and pesticides, easy access to low- cost financing. Regarding the association in agriculture and ecological agriculture adapted to climate change, the farmers' attitude is polarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic has caused a contraction in hospitality business and sifted through Romanian tourism, creating a real chance for authentic rural tourism. The characteristic economic indicators for the period 2020-2021 are presented, highlighting the decreasing trend in the degree of occupancy especially in large hotels, according to INSSE statistics. The organizational specifics of a tourist unit - a guesthouse - in a Muntenia authentic household, were analyzed. This type of authentic peasant household organization, with accommodation units distributed within a large, spaced courtyard, provided the opportunity to carry out a tourism activity in a mandatory by low safe, sanitary conditions. This led to the continuation of this business and the development of the local tourism offer. It can thus be said that authentic Romanian tourism, organized in the typical way of a traditional household, offered a viable alternative for the continuation of hospitality in a critical period of the pandemic, characterized in general by a decrease in this activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the profitability of large-scale agricultural companies in Romania in terms of land area under cultivation, i.e., companies with over 2,000 hectares and legally organised as limited liability companies paying corporate tax. The research is based on the financial results account, in which the information is structured by activity, and covers both the cultivation and financial activity, and allows the determination of potential cash accumulation balances, useful in showing how the factors of production involved are remunerated and how the agricultural activity yields financial resources, indicators known as interim management statements. The details of these accumulation balances are shown in the profit and loss statement by: 'trade margin', 'production of the financial year, 'value added', 'gross operating surplus', 'operating profit', 'financial result', 'gross result for the year' and 'net result for the year'. Thus, the interim management statements (IMS) as successive fractions in establishing the final result, are determined in cascade, starting from the most comprehensive, i.e., the trade margin and the production of the financial year, and ending with the net result for the year, which summarises the process of the profit or loss from an unprofitable activity, also specifying how the managerial activity of the company was carried out at each level of accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to analyze the main effects of the reduction in the use of agricultural inputs in the soybean culture, according to the Farm to Fork Strategy: decrease in agricultural production, increase in price, decrease in producers income, affecting the purchasing power of consumers. We analyzed soybean cultivation in Romania and compared to seven other EU countries (Germany, Spain, France, Italy, Hungary, Poland and United Kingdom) and showed that the use of pesticides and fertilizers in Romania is below the average of the quantities used in the countries included in the study. The areas cultivated with soybeans are significant and Romania occupied the 2nd place in the top of multi-year average for the total production of soybeans compared to the other analyzed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main economic objective of farms in Romania is to maximize turnover, this indicator being identified as the main source of profit growth. This paper analyses the turnover of a medium-sized vegetal farm, which is classified as a micro-enterprise for tax purposes. The data were collected from the enterprise accounting regarding the balance sheet and profit and loss account and rate method was used to assess the impact of turnover on various financial indicators. To increase turnover, the medium-sized vegetal farm acts in accordance with its own needs for development and expansion on the market, the conclusion being that an advantageous position on the market is interdependent with an increased turnover and therefore with greater profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research captures the changes that took place on the global beef market, for the period 2015-2020. The most representative indicators presented and analyzed are: total cattle herds worldwide; beef and veal production obtained worldwide; beef and veal consumption recorded worldwide; imports and exports recorded worldwide for beef meat. Beef contains a series of proteins, minerals, vitamins, fats and amino acids that recommend it for consumption, because it contributes to maintaining the population health. In 2020, Americas achieved 48.6% of the production of meat of cattle with the bone, fresh or chilled. The most significant consumption per inhabitant of beef and veal was highlighted in Argentina of 36.9 kilograms, in 2020. For the year 2029, the largest consumer of beef and veal is expected to remain also Argentina, with only 36.0 kilograms/capita. The basis of this research was, on the one hand, the statistical data taken from the FAOSTAT website, and on the other hand, the data retrieved from various specialized materials and sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper highlights the quantities of pesticides used in Romania and the evolution of the surfaces on which pesticides were applied, in the period 2015-2017 compared to 2011-2013, a comparison necessary to present the progress that Romania has made in reducing the use of these plant protection products. This period overlaps over the period in which the harmonized risk index was determined at EU level. In the European Union, it is envisaged that in the future, pesticides should be used in a sustainable manner, the impact that this measure will have representing the reduction of risks and negative effects on the environment and human health. The countries of the European Union take into account the proposed objectives, and by including in the National Strategic Plans the quantitative targets related to pesticides, they will constantly monitor the effects established by the implementation of the EU policy. The conclusions highlight that in Romania the quantities of insecticides and herbicides decreased, and those of fungicides increased in the period 2015-2017 compared to the period 2011-2013, and the surfaces on which insecticides and fungicides were applied increased while the ones with herbicides decreased, thus the average quantity of insecticides and herbicides per hectare decreased and the average quantity of fungicides per hectare increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to analyze the dynamics and trends in average annual food consumption of the population in Romania based on the empirical data provided by National Institute of Statistics for the period 2014-2020. Fixed basis index, growth rate, regression equation, coefficient of determination, graphical method and comparisons were the main procedures used to process. Cereals consumption declined by 1.26%, accounting for 204.4 kg/capita in 2020 and wheat and rye have the highest share in consumption. In the studied interval, vegetable consumption increased by +6.28%, accounting for 194.4 kg in 2020. Consumption decreased for potatoes (-7.4%) and cabbage, while for onion remained the same. Tomatoes reached 42.1 kg (+10.5%) and keep the top position among vegetables. Fruits consumption increased by +34.1%, reaching 107.6 kg in 2020. The consumption increase for (+15.5%), plums (+68%), grapes (+27.4%), peaches (+12.1%), melons (+5.5%), and nuts, while for cherries remained relatively constant and for apricots declined. Romanians consume 39.5 kg Mediterranean and exotic fruits by + 53.6% more, exceeding the apple consumption. Sugar consumption increased 25.5 kg in 2020 (+20.8%), while egg consumption decreased to 236 pieces (-4.1%. Milk and dairy products consumption increased 252.6 litres in 2020 (+3.4%). Oil consumption increased to 18.3 kg with 85.2% share in vegetal fats. Butter consumption account for 3.5 kg/capita. Meat consumption is by +27% higher in 2020, accounting for 77.4 kg/capita. Pork keeps its top position with 38.3 kg (+28.6%), being followed by poultry meat 28 kg (+39.3%). Pork keeps 48.1% and poultry meat 36.1% in meat consumption and together accounting for 84.2%. Fish consumption reached 6.3 kg (+38.5, while honey attained 0.8 kg. Income and price are the main factors influencing buying decision and consumption in Romania, besides product quality, landmark and fidelity, life style and desire to a healthier diet. Consumption plays an important role in GDP creation, and that is why the authorities have to increase salaries and pensions, income per household in a word and to establish thresholds among which prices could vary to stimulate consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the existing situation in Romania, Germany, France, Poland, Hungary and the United Kingdom, European countries cultivating cereals, technical plants and oleaginous plants, in the period 2010-2019, regarding the quantities of fertilizers and plant protection substances This analysis has responded to the requests from farmers' associations regarding the effect of the FARM TO FORK strategy, as a essential element of the European Green Pact, has serious implications within the agricultural sector. Agricultural producers question the survival of the agricultural sector as the implementation of the Farm to Fork strategy will lead to a significant decrease in agricultural production in the EU and an increase in food prices. In the present study, a descriptive research was performed on the situation existing in each studied country, using the bibliographic method but also the processing of statistical data, using the correlational method, this aspect directing the study to a predictive research, thus establishing how the quantities of fertilizers and pesticides used in different crops in the EU member states will be allocated, if the Farm to Fork strategy is applied in the current form, the conclusion being that their reduction should be applied to the European average of consumption in the EU member states [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rural area is of particular importance from a socio-economic point of view, whose economic activities are closely linked to the specific nature of the area. Rural localities are at different stages of development, depending on their specific characteristics. The aim of this paper is to identify the demographic effects of the poor economic development of rural localities, with particular emphasis on those in the South-Muntenia development region, which is known for its predominantly agricultural economic activities. In order to carry out the work, the main demographic indicators were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed and the main location and dispersion indicators were determined. The social outlook is not at all positive, both at national level and especially in rural areas. The population tends to decrease, influenced by the existing lifestyle, to which various factors contribute, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, but also the military conflicts in the area, which generate concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contradiction with globalization, we meet the increasingly current of conservation of the traditional regional specificity of each area in Romania, the trend also found in other European countries. The study aims to promote the authentic traditional in a guest house representative for the sub - Carpathian Muntenia area. In this sense, we observe the development of rural tourism in the Sub Carpathian Muntenia area, presenting a case study based on a private tourism initiative. The guest house from "Satul Banului", Măgureni, Prahova, consists of a set of buildings organized in a specific smallholder property, which offers tourist services: accommodation, local gastronomy and tourist-cultural routes, all in the spirit of a peaceful, specific life. We argue for the traditional authentic value of each element, through a careful documentation that we will present punctually, using bibliographic references from the ethnographic and monographic literature as well as original local sources. Promoting the authentic Romanian, through a private initiative in tourism, proves to be a successful way, which draws attention to the traditional local specificity, helps to preserve the characteristic ethnographic elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of pesticides represents a step forward for agriculture, in terms of the fight against the main diseases and pests, in order to ensure some productions destined for the market and implicitly for food safety. The world consumption of pesticides was captured in the main European Union countries highlighted in statistics such as NIS, Faostat, Eurostat and ITC, the position occupied by Romania being highlighted, in terms of quantities used and the surfaces on which they were applied (2010-2019). The comparative analysis of Romania's situation with the other member countries in terms of pesticides is presented in this paperwork in terms of the quantities of pesticides used, the areas with registered pesticides, imports and exports. At Romania's level, the analysis focused on the evolution of the main indicators that characterize pesticides, both at national level and at the level of the development regions, concluding that, at this level, pesticides are applied differently, depending on a series of exogenous and endogenous factors. But, the European agriculture and implicitly the one in Romania, must respond to a new challenge, that of reducing the quantities of pesticides used, according to the requests of the Farm to Fork strategy, component of the Green Deal, which requires that 25% of the agricultural area to be destined for organic agriculture and a 50% reduction in the use of pesticides, an aspect that we will detail in this scientific communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affected by high debt, online competition and geopolitical uncertainty, global tourism has been hit hard by the coronavirus pandemic crisis, halting traffic and staggering the lockdown of all countries. This paper analyzes the factors that caused tourism to collapse in 2020 and implicitly precarious economic effects. Romania will be the country studied for analysis, even if the direct contribution of tourism to GDP was 2.70% (2019) and total contribution (direct and indirect) of 5.2% (2019). The key questions posed are those related to the search for means to return to normalcy and to find ways to recover the hospitality industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyze the regional level trends of the rural population, in the period 2010-2018. We used the following demographic indicators: rural population, rural internal migration, natural population growth in rural areas, rural female population, rural female fertile contingent, rural elderly population, rural young female population and labor force indicators: female labor renewal in rural areas, rural employed population, rural employment rate, unemployment in rural areas, rural unemployment rate, rural employed population by activity sectors. If in the period 2005-2010 there are trends of deruralization, starting with 2010 a reversal of trend is identified: in all development regions we identify a sharp increase in the percentage of rural population. The accentuated increase of rurality is mainly due to the internal migration of the population, with a positive balance in the rural environment. On the other hand, the analysis of the data regarding the fertile female quota shows that the share of the fertile female population decreased in all development regions, hence the negative values of the natural population growth, all in the context of the constant accentuated increase of the elderly population. From the perspective of the structure by sectors of activity of the employed population, the following are highlighted: predominantly agrarian areas: North-East Region, South-West Oltenia Region and South-East Region - areas dominated by industry and constructions, Central Region and West Region, areas dominated by services Bucharest- Ilfov Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measure applicable in the tourism sector in Romania, referring to granting the holiday vouchers to employees of the budgetary sector, it had positive effects in the tourism sector, but also on the Romanian economy in general, firstly by registering record incomes and increasing the tourist flows, but also by removing from the underground economy a significant number of tourist reception structures, considering that the number of applications for their authorization increased in 2018 by 10% compared to 2017. Continuing to apply the measure will bring benefits to tourism in Romania, and increasing their value will respond to tourists' request to use complex tourism packages included in the offers of tourism operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Romania, the value of added tax (VAT) is the most important source of revenue for the general consolidated budget (24.4% in 2015 and 23.1% in 2016), but the degree of compliance is around 80% VAT paid on time in relation to the VAT declared in VAT returns submitted by taxable persons registered for VAT purposes. The paper presents the impact of the measure split VAT payment on insolvent agricultural companies, as it has the role of increasing the voluntary compliance rate of companies in insolvency, reducing VAT evasion, ensuring a fair competitive environment by eliminating the advantages of some economic operators with incorrect fiscal behaviour that does not pay VAT to the state budget. The conclusions drawn from the study revealed that the split VAT measure would reduce the chances of recovery for insolvent agricultural companies, contradicts the payment schedule and the prioritization for the distribution to creditors and contravenes the objective for which insolvency proceedings were regulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that farming has always been risky. The income obtained in agriculture may differ from year to year because of its dependence on the climatic and soil conditions and because of the output prices. Also, the taxation has an influence too on the income, too. Although, both Romania and the United Kingdom are member states of the European Union, the taxation varies, so, the point of this study is to show the differences between the taxes applied on annual income in agriculture in this two countries, attempting to discover recommendations for a better performance, where needed. The conclusions drawn will reveal which agricultural system is more efficient, but also the benefits for the farmers from the both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the evolution and structure of farms in Romania in 2013 in relation to their situation in 2003, but the existing situation in the EU in 2009. The distribution of the agricultural area of farms by size types varies from country to country, and a distinct situation is found in Romania. Research methods used were comparative analysis, absolute and relative deviation from the previous period. The conclusions drawn from this analysis, shows a reduction in the total number of farms in 2013, especially small farms as a result of the comas has, and an increase in holdings with an area of over 10 hectares, thanks the same process. The present situation in Romania causes the creation of subsistence farms, the main form of farm being family type farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In terms of foreign trade, in Romania there were some major changes over the past 20 years. In this paper we have focused on the Romanian external trade. The products which have been taken into account were live animals and animal products. Thus, we have made an analyse on the Romanian imports and exports at the global level and at the European level. Focused on the animal products, on the global level, there were registered major differences during the first seven years in the analysed period. Breaking by branches, we have pointed out huge distinctions between imports and exports, where the balance of trade was completely negative. Meanwhile, to have a good view on the international trade there were made links, based on some indexes between imports, exports, GDP and investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]