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This paper examines the relationships between natural resource dependence, public education investment, and human capital accumulation. It addresses why the “blessing” of abundant natural resources often turns into a “curse” in many countries and regions, focusing on the crowding-out effect of natural resources on human capital. According to our empirical analysis of provincial panel data from China, natural resource dependence is significantly and negatively correlated with human capital accumulation. The crowding-out effect of natural resources on human capital exists only in the central and western regions of China. Our introduction of an interaction term for natural resource dependence and public education investment underscores the possibility of investing in public education to reduce the crowding-out effect of natural resource dependence on human capital. The government should utilize the income of the natural resource sector to increase investment in education to enhance local human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate strategy has a significant impact on capital structure. In the strategic behavior of enterprises in China, international diversification has become more and more important. Theory suggests that because the economic behavior between countries is not completely related to each other, international diversification is helpful to raise the enterprise's debt ratio. Based on 2009-2011 balanced panel data of Chinese listing corporations, the research on the relationship between international diversification strategy and capital structure shows, international diversification significantly reduced the enterprise financial leverage, contrast to industry diversification; and the reason mainly lies in that transnational management increases agency cost of debt, so international diversification reduced the company's debt ratio. At the same time, the relationship between the level of international diversification and corporate debt ratio is significantly positive for multinational corporations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to present the development of patent-research through the years (1996-2011) from a bibliometrics and scientific visualization approach. Our corpus consists of 1529 original research and review articles obtained from an initial topic search on patents retrieved from the Institute of Scientific Information's (ISI) Web of Science (WoS) database. CiteSpace II software was used to represent the knowledge domains of country, institution, author co-citation network, journal co-citation network, document co-citation network, and networks of keywords, related with patent-research in the field of information science and management science. Results show that USA is the most productive country in patent-research; Katholieke University Leuven, University of Sussex, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Harvard University are the most productive institutions. Cohen WM is the mostly co-cited author, followed by Jaffe AB, Griliches Z, Hall BH and Narin F. "Research policy" is the most cited journal for published articles on patents research. The visualization of data with the CiteSpace II software revealed intellectual bases and research fronts for the patent-research development in the given time window. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the economic globalization, is there a life cycle for the formation of industry group and its development? If yes, how long is it? In fact, there are many successful and unsuccessful examples for industry group. Industry group may effectively improve local competitiveness and can provide dynamic source for local economy. However, there is little research on industry group from perspective of developmental economics. A review is made on the development of industry group and its key problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on brain function after brachial plexus injury focuses on local cortical functional reorganization, and few studies have focused on brain networks after brachial plexus injury. Changes in brain networks may help understanding of brain plasticity at the global level. We hypothesized that topology of the global cerebral resting-state functional network changes after unilateral brachial plexus injury. Thus, in this cross-sectional study, we recruited eight male patients with unilateral brachial plexus injury (right handedness, mean age of 27.9 ± 5.4 years old) and eight male healthy controls (right handedness, mean age of 28.6 ± 3.2). After acquiring and preprocessing resting-state magnetic resonance imaging data, the cerebrum was divided into 90 regions and Pearson's correlation coefficient calculated between regions. These correlation matrices were then converted into a binary matrix with affixed sparsity values of 0.1-0.46. Under sparsity conditions, both groups satisfied this small-world property. The clustering coefficient was markedly lower, while average shortest path remarkably higher in patients compared with healthy controls. These findings confirm that cerebral functional networks in patients still show small-world characteristics, which are highly effective in information transmission in the brain, as well as normal controls. Alternatively, varied small-worldness suggests that capacity of information transmission and integration in different brain regions in brachial plexus injury patients is damaged., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest

Objective: To describe the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of cerebral schistosomiasis., Methods: Twenty-five patients whose diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) schistosomiasis had been pathologically (n = 8) and clinically (n = 17) confirmed were randomly selected. MRI was performed on a Signal 1. 5T MRI scanner before and after the intravenous administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine constrast medium. We reviewed the MRI studies obtained at the time of initial presentation, as well as follow-up studies obtained during and after medical treatment., Results: Immunological tests in 15 patients indicated schistosomiasis haematobium. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images in 22 cases showed central linear enhancement surrounded by multiple enhancing punctate nodules, which appeared "arborized". Through operation and pathological examination, 8 cases had the granuloma formation of schistosomal eggs extensive surrounded by inflammation and venous congestion. And 17 cases were treated with praziquantel and corticosteroid therapy. And they were followed up for 2 months by taking MRI, which turned out to be complete resolution of the enhancing structure and edema. At follow-up, all the patients' initial symptoms also resolved., Conclusion: The specified MRI enhancement pattern of cerebral schistosomiasis is common in most cases of CNS schistosomiasis, so it should be taken account into the diagnosis of cerebral schistosomiasis.