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Objective By comparing with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair alone, to explore the efficacy and difference of leukocyte poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP) and leukocyte rich platelet-rich plasma (LR-PRP) in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Methods Sixty patients with total rotator cuff tear accompanied by arthroscopic rotator cuff repair admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology from October 2021 to September 2022 were included and randomly divided into control group (n = 20), LP-PRP group (n = 20) and LR-PRP group (n = 20). The control group only received arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The LP-PRP group was injected with leukocyte poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP) into the sutured torn tendon after the same operation, and the LR-PRP group was injected with leukocyte rich platelet-rich plasma (LR-PRP) into the sutured torn tendon after the same operation. The postoperative rehabilitation training plan of the three groups was the same, and the postoperative follow-up and evaluation were conducted for 1 year. It included pain score (VAS score), shoulder joint function score (CMS, UCLA, ASES score), retear rate and related complications. Results All patients were followed up. (1) VAS score: Compared with the LR-PRP group and the control group, the results were statistically significant only at 1,3 and 6 weeks after surgery (P < 0.05) ; There was no statistical significance between the LR-PRP group and the control group at 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery(P > 0.05). (2)CMS, UCLA and ASES scores: There were no significant differences between the LP-PRP group and the LR-PRP group at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery(P > 0.05); Compared with LP-PRP group and LR-PRP group, there were significant differences in each follow-up time point of control group (P < 0.05). (3) Retear rate: In the LP-PRP group, there was 1 retear in the LR-PRP group (tear rate 5%), and 3 in the control group (tear rate 15%). There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups (P > 0.05). (4) There were no postoperative complications in 60 patients. Conclusions Compared with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair alone, although the application of LP-PRP and LR-PRP could not reduce the rate of retear, it could significantly improve the shoulder joint function of patients, and LP-PRP could significantly reduce the pain of patients with rotator cuff injury in the early postoperative period (within 6 weeks), with no postoperative complications, and the short-term clinical results of patients were satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peatland ponds are abundant in the boreal permafrost landscapes, which is a hotspot for greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we observed annual CH4 and CO2 fluxes, as well as CH4 and CO2 concentrations of water and ice-trapped bubbles in a peatland pond in the permafrost region of Northeast China. The results show that water CH4 and CO2 concentrations increased by 1–4 orders of magnitude during the ice cover period compared to the open water period. (CH4: 300.37 µM vs. 0.014 µM, CO2: 2915.73 µM vs. 300.34 µM). During the spring thaw period, water CH4 and CO2 concentrations decrease dramatically, with CH4 and CO2 fluxes reaching the highest values (CH4 flux: 30.01 mg m− 2 h− 1, CO2 flux: 401.88 mg m− 2 h− 1). High fluxes of CH4 and CO2 during the spring thaw period came not only from the release of CH4 and CO2 in water under the ice, but also from bubbles trapped in the ice. This study showed the importance of considering CH4 and CO2 storage during the ice cover period and spring thaw fluxes in boreal peatland ponds. Given that dynamics of CH4 and CO2 fluxes during the spring thaw period in peatland ponds remain understudied, we encourage an increased focus on observations of CH4 and CO2 fluxes dynamics during the spring thaw period. The lack of observation during the spring thaw period may underestimate the annual budget for CH4 and CO2 in peatland ponds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bladder cancer (BC) ranks as the sixth cancer in males and the ninth most common cancer worldwide. Conventional treatment modalities, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, have limited efficacy in certain advanced instances. The involvement of GALNT6-mediated aberrant O-glycosylation modification in several malignancies and immune evasion is a subject of speculation. However, its significance in BC has not been investigated. Through the integration of bioinformatics analysis and laboratory experimentation, we have successfully clarified the role of GALNT6 in BC. Our investigation revealed that GALNT6 has significant expression in BC, and its high expression level correlates with advanced stage and high grade, leading to poor overall survival. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate a strong correlation between elevated levels of GALNT6 and tumor growth, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, there is a negative correlation between elevated GALNT6 levels, the extent of CD8+ T cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, and the prognosis of patients. Functional experiments have shown that the increased expression of GALNT6 could enhance the malignant characteristics of cancer cells by activating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. In brief, this study examined the impact of GALNT6-mediated abnormal O-glycosylation on the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer and its influence on immune evasion. It also explored the possible molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between tumor cells and immune cells, as well as the bidirectional signaling involved. These findings offer a novel theoretical foundation rooted in glycobiology for the clinical application of immunotherapy in BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we explored the changes in plant community diversity and their relationship with soil factors under shrub encroachment pressure by selecting four marsh areas in Sanjiang Plain with different degrees of shrub cover ( a, 0≤a≤100%), including marsh with no shrub encroachment (a = 0), light shrub encroachment (0≤a≤30%), medium shrub encroachment (30% < a ≤ 70%), and heavy shrub encroachment (70% < a ≤ 100%). The results showed that shrub encroachment was the main reason for the heterogeneity of plant community composition in marsh. With shrub encroachment, the dominant species Deyeuxia angustifolia was replaced by Spiraea salicifolia, whereas Carex schmidtii disappeared. However, the importance values of Sanguisorba tenuifolia and Stellaria radians in the community significantly increased by 0.8- and 9.0-fold, respectively. Shrub encroachment resulted in changes of plant community diversity in marsh. The highest a and P diversity in plant community were observed under light shrub encroachment area, whereas there were no significant differences in Shannon and Simpson indices between heavy and no shrub encroachment areas, despite their similarity in plant community composition was the lowest. All the studied soil factors were significantly affected by shrub encroachment, except total phosphorus. There were significant reductions in soil moisture, organic carbon, and total nitrogen in heavy marsh shrub encroachment area by 32.6%, 69.3%, and 66.1%, respectively compared with that in no marsh shrub encroachment area, whereas soil total potassium and total magnesium significantly increased by 33.8% and 40.6%, respectively. Results of redundancy analysis showed that soil organic carbon, moisture content, total nitrogen, and N: P were the main factors controlling the diversity changes of marsh plant community under shrub encroachment pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]