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The ruling of the Superior Court of Justice of Asturias on June 10, 2024 resolves an administrative dispute regarding the denial of authorization for the Teixo Wind Farm in Taramundi. The appealing company challenges the decision based on a negative urban planning report, arguing that the installation of wind energy is of higher public interest. The Court determines that the municipal report is only binding on urban planning aspects and that the completion of the procedure for urban planning reasons is legitimate. The contested resolution is annulled and the procedure is ordered to be reverted to address deficiencies and consider the presumption of higher public interest for renewable energies. [Extracted from the article]

The article analyzes the ruling of the Superior Court of Justice of Logroño on June 25, 2024, which dismisses an appeal against the approval of a Technical Hunting Plan in La Rioja. The dispute focuses on the exclusion of pigeon hunting spots in the plan, arguing that they represent an exception to regional regulations. The court determines that the exclusion is legal and that the spots are provisional according to the Hunting Regulations. [Extracted from the article]

The article analyzes the Judgment of the Superior Court of Justice of Navarra dated May 22, 2024, which deals with an administrative contentious appeal against an unfavorable Environmental Impact Statement for a wind energy project in Navarra. The company promoting the project requested the annulment of the order and the reversal of actions to issue a new favorable Environmental Impact Statement. The judgment dismissed the appeal, arguing that the Environmental Impact Statement is not directly appealable and must be challenged together with the final resolution of the project. [Extracted from the article]

The Superior Court of Justice of Madrid is hearing an administrative appeal filed by the Vox municipal group of the City Council of Madrid against Ordinance 10/2021, which establishes traffic restriction measures in Low Emission Zones (ZBE). The constitution of the Mixed Group of the City Council is questioned, as well as the lack of adequate motivation in the adoption of restrictive measures. The judgment determines the partial annulment of the Ordinance, annulling aspects related to the ZBE and ZBEDPE in the Centro District and Plaza Elíptica. The importance of respecting the principles of proportionality, rationality, good administration, and just transition in environmental protection is highlighted. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On the night of January 29, 2017, six Muslim worshippers were killed, and many others severely injured when a white man opened fire at a mosque in Québec City (QC, Canada). This article is based on a collective ethno/graphy of the assailant's trial, from its beginning in March 2018 until the verdict in February 2019. During this period, our research group – formed of three sociologists and a visual artist – attended trial hearings at the Superior Court of Québec and collected related media coverage and political statements. To analyze the legal, political, and media treatment of the 2017 massacre, we put forth a political ethnography of justice, informed by critical scholarship on depoliticization and epistemologies of white ignorance. Our analysis identifies distinct sequences in a process of depoliticization that obscures historical, structural, and political dimensions of anti-Muslim violence. In attending to this process, our article advances sociological research on the institutional treatment, and concealment, of religiously and racially targeted violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "International Labor Rights Case Law" journal covers various legal cases related to labor rights, including freedom of association, elimination of discrimination at the workplace, prohibition of forced and child labor, and health and safety. Each case is accompanied by commentary from experts in the field, providing insights and analysis. The journal aims to highlight important legal developments in labor rights across different countries and regions, offering a comprehensive overview of key issues in this area. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Colombia was one of the first countries to decriminalise euthanasia. However, what is known in the international academic literature about the country's regulations is scarce and outdated. Such lack of information on the situation in Latin America is even more evident in the case of Peru, where the Lima Superior Court of Justice set a precedent by allowing a person to have access to euthanasia in 2021. Ecuador, which has just decriminalised euthanasia for all its citizens in February 2024, risks being similarly absent from the international dialogue. This article summarises for the first time all the regulations in force regarding euthanasia in Latin America, through a study of primary sources in Spanish, and analyses some of the convergences between these three neighbouring countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the ruling of the Superior Court of Justice of Castilla y León (Burgos) on May 13, 2024, where the denial of a water use concession for a livestock operation in Aranda de Duero is challenged. The lack of notification of regulatory changes is discussed, and arguments are made regarding the proportionality of the measures taken. The Court concludes that the challenged measure is proportionate and in line with the Duero Hydrological Plan. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of A&C - Administrative & Constitutional Law Review - Revista de Direito Administrativo e Constitucional is the property of A&C - Revista de Direito Administrativo & Constitucional (Instituto Bacellar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Técnica Tributaria is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Asesores Fiscales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Post-acquittal retrials for substantially the same offence are possible in jurisdictions that have provided statutory modifications to the common law double jeopardy principle. The pleas in bar of prosecution, autrefois acquit (previously acquitted) and autrefois convict (previously convicted), are predicated on a final verdict of acquittal or conviction by a court of competent criminal jurisdiction for substantially the same offence. Differentiating similarities between the increasing volume of overlapping offences is the most litigated aspect of the double jeopardy principle. Seminal common law jurisdictions have adopted variations of the same elements approach that examines whether two or more offences arising out of the same prohibited conduct are the same based on an assessment of whether there is an element in one offence not in the comparable offence. Through doctrinal analysis of superior court jurisprudence in the Unites States, England and Wales, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, this article evaluates judicial formulations for determining the sameness of offences in comparative perspective. While the analysis is intrinsic to each jurisdiction, judicial formulations may nonetheless shed light on similar issues coming before courts of criminal justice in cognate jurisdictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australian authority holds that there is a critical distinction between superior and inferior courts when it comes to the legal force of judicial orders affected by jurisdictional error. It is said that such orders, when made by a superior court, have legal force unless and until set aside but that, when made by an inferior court, they lack legal force from the outset. This distinction -- recently consigned to pre-1846 history by the United Kingdom Supreme Court -- does not align with the contemporary reality of the integrated system of courts established under Ch III of the Australian Constitution. The appeals in Commonwealth v Stradford, Judge Vasta v Stradford and Queensland v Stradford present an opportunity for the High Court of Australia to set a new approach that reflects the constitutional context for Ch III court operation. Specifically, the appeals may be upheld on the basis that any purported order made by a Ch III court acting as a repository of judicial power has legal force unless and until set aside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes the ruling of the Superior Court of Justice of Asturias on June 17, 2024, which resolves the challenge of a private individual against an order from the City Council of Pola de Siero that ceased an animal shelter activity due to lack of a license. The ruling confirms that the activity requires both urban and environmental administrative authorizations, and that the City Council acted correctly. It emphasizes the need to comply with urban and environmental regulations, even for altruistic activities such as animal shelters. [Extracted from the article]

The article analyzes the ruling of the Superior Court of Justice of Castilla y León (Burgos) on July 22, 2024, which deals with an appeal related to the exceptional use of rural land for a leisure and sports center in Segovia. The ruling concludes that the proposed activity modifies the specially protected rural land, so it is considered a prohibited and non-authorizable use. The Court dismisses the appeal filed by the Administration of the Autonomous Community of Castilla y León. [Extracted from the article]

The article is about the ruling of the Superior Court of Justice of Castilla y León (Valladolid) on July 2, 2024, in which the nullity of a concession of groundwater granted to an individual for irrigation is declared. The Federation of Ecologists in Action Castilla y León challenged the resolution of the Duero River Basin Authority, arguing that the allocated resources were already exceeded and the requirements for the concession were not met. The ruling was based on the precautionary principle and the lack of technical justification to exceed the maximum allocations. [Extracted from the article]

The article analyzes the ruling of the Superior Court of Justice of Andalusia on March 20, 2024, which resolves an appeal by the Provincial Federation of Ecologists in Action against the dismissal of a license application for a livestock farm and pig farm. Issues such as the suspension of licenses due to urban planning modifications, the lack of reasoned response from the Administration, and the assessment of environmental impacts are discussed. Despite meeting the formal requirements, the Court dismisses the appeal, sparking debate on the importance of the precautionary principle and comprehensive evaluation of environmental impacts. [Extracted from the article]

The article analyzes the ruling of the Superior Court of Justice of Andalusia on March 20, 2024, which resolves the challenge of a fine and compensatory measures imposed for the extraction of groundwater without authorization. It highlights the lack of awareness of illegality on the part of the appellant, which reinforces the principle of legal certainty and avoids unjustified punitive duplications. The ruling highlights the tensions between different sanctioning regimes and the management of water resources in sensitive environments such as Doñana. [Extracted from the article]

Research carried out with the aim of investigating the influence of political connection on the profit quality of Brazilian companies. The study proxy was electoral donations from 2002 to 2014, extracted from the Superior Electoral Court website, the economic-financial ones, from Economática. It used Stata 15, panel data, estimated by Generalized Least Squares, Modified Jones and Persistence by Francis, Lafond and Olsson (2005). It concluded that political connection influences the quality of earnings, the greater the donation, the greater the influence, only from the perspective of earnings management based on accruals, as for persistence, it was not possible to infer that a politically connected company presents more persistent earnings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde e Sociedade is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Saude Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many judicial systems utilize a process, often known as a referral process, in which one court has the ability to call upon another court, particularly a superior court, for definitive interpretations of law. This referral process is perhaps most widely known from its use in the European Court of Justice (ECJ), which has long thrived on receiving referrals (known as preliminary references) from national courts within the European Union. Yet, the ECJ's preliminary reference process is itself derived from the constitutional referral processes previously adopted in several national judiciaries of the EU member states, notably Germany and Italy. This Article examines the constitutional referral process at the national level, using data from the German Constitutional Court and interviews with constitutional court and lower court judges to examine why lower ordinary courts refer cases to their national constitutional courts. There currently is a lack of theory and data examining why lower ordinary courts choose to refer certain cases to the national or federal constitutional court. This Article, then, is among the first to examine the factors--including policy issues, legal doctrine, and lower court characteristics--that might influence constitutional referrals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most insightful analysis on multiple constructions of section 4 of Muslim Family Laws Ordinance 1961 (MFLO) - a legal provision providing for inheritance of orphaned grandchildren from their grandparents - was carried out by Lucy Carroll. According to Carroll, Pakistani judiciary construed the said provision in three different manners. She also coined engaging and fascinating phraseologies for these constructions as 'strict interpretation', 'loose construction' and 'very loose construction' to make them comprehendible as well as distinguishable. This tripartite thesis on the interpretation of section 4 has served as a foundational framework for many subsequent analyses. The present article reappraises Lucy Carroll's tripartite thesis and identifies that there are indeed five different interpretations of section 4 of MFLO instead of three proposed by Lucy Carroll. This article proposes suitable phraseologies for two distinct interpretations as 'hybrid construction' and 'double inheritance construction'. Similar to the originally identified three constructions, these two new constructions are reflective of the unsettled approach of the Pakistani superior courts as to what interpretive space should be crafted for section 4 within a legal landscape that has adopted Islamic law of inheritance as a default system. The article also critically explores the judicial reasoning on the issue of dis/inheritance of the spouse/widow of a predeceased child/son, and then classifies divergent judicial approaches as 'loose construction' and 'hybrid construction'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ruling of the Superior Court of Justice of Castilla y León declares the non-compliance with the law of a Specific Modification in the Municipal Urban Planning Regulations of Cidones. The plaintiffs argue that the modification violates the Constitution and the Urban Planning Regulations of Castilla y León, and request the exclusion of their cereal and pasture farms from the reclassification. The ruling establishes that the classification of rural land as natural protection is not suitable for arable land areas. Additionally, it is mentioned that the Specific Modification does not prevent the installation of a pig farm on the affected farms. [Extracted from the article]

The Superior Court of Justice of Galicia has immediately and unconditionally suspended the execution of the exploitation project and restoration plan of the Penouta mine in Ourense. The Canadian company Strategic Minerals SL has been extracting tin, tantalum, and niobium since 2017, but environmental groups and residents have reported negative effects on the environment. The court has made this decision to prevent irreparable damage to the protected area Red Natura 2000. It is expected that this measure will mark a new period in the implementation of environmental law in Spain. [Extracted from the article]

The article analyzes the ruling of the Superior Court of Justice of Castilla y León regarding the segregation of land from the Fuentes Carrionas Regional Game Reserve. The Court dismissed the appeal of a Limited Company, arguing that the segregation would affect the management of the reserve and the protection of species such as the brown bear. The importance of maintaining the continuity of the reserve to ensure its proper management and environmental protection is highlighted. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the ruling of the Superior Court of Justice of Castilla y León, which resolves an administrative dispute related to the prevention of forest fires during the state of alarm in the Autonomous Community. The contested resolution prohibited the use of agricultural machinery that could generate sparks in forest areas. The Court considered that the resolution lacked justification, as it did not explain the reasons behind the imposed restrictions. [Extracted from the article]

We propose to analyze the ways in which affects are understood regarding the figure of violent emotion, particularly in a ruling of the Superior Court of Justice (Córdoba, 2014). Cecilia Macón states that, although affects are key to an analysis of power, they can be both transformative and conservative (2013). In this sense, we ask, what can the affective turn read in the letter of a ruling, in a possible legal precedent? How has emotion been understood there? More specifically, what makes an emotion plausible to excuse an action? The texts of law and jurisprudence are also sites through which emotions move, revealing material effects. In it, we intend to trace "the emotionality of texts in terms of the way in which they name or act certain emotions" (Ahmed, 2015, p.39). We will also reflect on the displacements that the figure in question has suffered, and its mitigating quality or not, based on the novelty of this particular ruling and its justification with contributions from feminist perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To read this article, it is important to know that I am a transnational (but not transracial) adoptee and that my Taiwanese birth mother hoped my adoption would give me a "better" life in the United States. I present three interconnected arguments that introduce the concept of a nomencurriculum. The first argument is that my and others' names are infused with multiple ideologies and aspirations. Second, I contend that names are part of a lived curriculum. Lastly, I assert that names are an analytical lens that allows me to examine lived curricula that emerges from names and namings. I do so by studying my own three namings using AsianCrit and decolonial analyses as well as how each (my English given name, Cantonese given name, and Mandarin given/chosen name) represents attempts at assimilation, erasure, and reclamation, respectively. I use critical race archival analyses and rememory of documents from my own adoption case files from Taipei District Court, the Superior Court of California, and a family study of my parents—the only extant records of my namings. Through my examination of my lived and school curricula, I highlight the global contexts and power dynamics that impact students' self-knowledge and their resistance against official discourses. This article, then, elucidates the analytic possibility of a nomencurriculum, which contributes to the field of curriculum studies by considering the power of names and namings. The nomencurriculum provides a way for individuals to engage with their lived curricula within formalized educational spaces that tighten their senses of self and often reinforce state-sanctioned narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a close reading of a 2018 Ontario Superior Court case— Restoule v. Canada —I demonstrate the persistence of the transactional interpretation of treaties, where treaty is understood as a contract of self-dispossession. I argue further that this can be explained through Karl Marx's theory of fetishism. Commodity fetishism provides the social traction for the transactional interpretation of treaties generally, while capital fetishism explains the subordination of the relational interpretation of treaties in Restoule specifically. Bringing Marx's theory of fetishism into dialogue with Indigenous treaty visions underscores the importance of attending to and ultimately transforming capitalist social relations to realize treaty while facilitating an appreciation for the way in which Indigenous treaty visions represent an instance of de-fetishizing critique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve a search based on the qualitative approach, it becomes of vital interest to study transitional justice and the impact it has on the economic, social and cultural rights of the victims of the armed conflict. This article begins with a delimited discussion of "fiscal sustainability and its impact on the decisions issued by the Superior Court of Bogota, Justice and Peace Chamber". Then, a concrete case is taken to analyze it in detail and reach conclusions in accordance with the topic studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public relations is an activity that deals with two central dynamics: that of understanding the phenomena of public opinion from a reading of the publics that are formed due to controversial and relevant issues at the collective level, and that of managing the public visibility of organizations and of people. The configuration of a strategic communication goes through a process of tension and permanent dispute between institutions, organizations, public persons and publics for what appears or does not appear, for what is or is not visible and for what is or is not discussed, as well as for what is likely to appear, be seen and discussed. Our special interest lies in the vulnerabilities of publics to factors that silence them, but also it is important to connect this issue to deliberate silences, to processes of institutional concealment, that is, of what is withdrawn from the public's view or from the which impels them to ignore reality. This is a complex and nuanced process. One that calls our attention is described by Zerubavel (2006). When dealing with these dynamics, he focuses on a phenomenon metaphorically postulated as "the elephant in the room", to talk about something that, despite being in plain sight, is ignored and not discussed. It is a very complex phenomenon, which involves, on a collective level, what he calls "conspiracies of silence" and a discrepancy between what we experience in reality and what we end up publicly recognizing, that is, in the public's perception. Therefore, in this work we focus on two important aspects that are raised by the author: indisputability and the emergence of "silence breakers". To do so, we take Operation Lava Jato as an empirical case, especially the Curitiba nucleus. Launched in March 2014, with the aim of dismantling criminal organizations that operated in money laundering in several Brazilian states, the Operation consisted of a set of investigations and their consequent lawsuits, involving the Federal Police, the Federal Public Ministry and the Federal Justice in Curitiba, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Brasília, in addition to superior courts and other control bodies. The most famous nucleus, however, is that of Curitiba, which brought together, from the beginning, the then Public Prosecutor Deltan Dallagnol and the then judge Sergio Moro. In 2023, the media and the political scene are moved by denunciations regarding Lava Jato maneuvers and abuses. Former deputy and Operation whistleblower, Tony Garcia, went to the media to reveal the coercion, extortion and persecution suffered during the years of Lava Jato. In this episode, we can more clearly identify what Zerubavel calls "breaking the conspiracy of silence", as it is the appearance of people in the role of breakers who will consistently offer testimonies and evidence and who will in fact point out, with the force of denunciation, the existence of the "elephant in the room" in a complete and irrefutable way. Thus, we will dwell here on analyzing the appearance, in the public scene, of Tony Garcia's media speeches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the legal contours of the sanctioning administrative process in the light of the concept of broad procedurality within the framework of an ideal of constitutional state of law, in which the public administration understands the duty of realizing fundamental rights through the process. In this context, based on the hypotheticaldeductive method and with the aim of clarifying the scope and limits of the State's administration's right to punish, it evaluates the positions of the Superior Court of Justice and the Supreme Federal Court that stabilize the due administrative legal process., to conclude that the principle of legality gave way to the principle of administrative legality, providing a greater range of valuing freedom within the scope of the administrativestate punitive decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work intends to demonstrate the possibility of enterprises in judicial recovery to participate in public bidding processes. This analysis will be carried out taking into account the need to allow the continuity of the business activity and its relevant social and economic benefits that derive from it, even if this may apparently conflict with de scope intended by the Public Administration in the bidding processes, which is based on protecting the public interest in a perspective that may give rise to na apparent conflict with the interests protected by the legal system of corporate insolvency. Thus, na attempt will bem ade to understand the key elements for weighing and harmonizing the exegesis of the Law n. 11.101/2005, modified by Law n. 14.112/2020, with Laws n. 8.666/1993 and n. 14.133/2021, as well as analyzing the precedentes of the Superior Court of Justice on the subjetct. The conclusion is that it is possible to reconcile the public interest from a public administration perspective with the enterprise's preservation, given the public interest arising from its social function and its contribution to economic and socioenviromental development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CIENCIA UNEMI is the property of Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)