11 results on '"Sáez-Tovar, José Antonio"'
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2. Effect of Abiotic Treatments on Agricultural Plastic Waste: Efficiency of the Degradation Processes
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Blesa Marco, Zbigniew Emil, Sáez-Tovar, José Antonio, Andreu-Rodríguez, Javier, Peñalver, Rosa, Rodríguez Pastor, Manuel, Eissenberger, Kristina, Cinelli, Patrizia, Bustamante, María A., Moral, Raúl, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Blesa Marco, Zbigniew Emil, Sáez-Tovar, José Antonio, Andreu-Rodríguez, Javier, Peñalver, Rosa, Rodríguez Pastor, Manuel, Eissenberger, Kristina, Cinelli, Patrizia, Bustamante, María A., and Moral, Raúl
- Abstract
In this study, four different plastic materials usually used in the agricultural sector (polystyrene film (PS), polyethylene terephthalate film (PET), low-density polyethylene film (LDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene film (LLDPE)) were subjected to different abiotic treatments, including photo-oxidation (ultraviolet and e-beam radiation) and thermochemical treatments, to enhance polymer degradation. The extensive use of these polymers leads to large amounts of plastic waste generation, including small plastic pieces, known as microplastics, which affect the quality of the agricultural environment, including soil fertility and quality. Therefore, polymer degradation strategies are needed to effectively reduce plastic waste to protect the agricultural sector. The degree of polymer degradation was assessed by the use of thermal and spectroscopic analyses, such as TGA and FTIR. In addition, efficiency, cost–benefits, and potential side-effects were also evaluated to propose the optimal degradation strategy to reduce plastic waste from the point of view of efficiency. The results obtained showed that the pre-treatments based on photo-oxidation (ultraviolet B and C and e-beam radiation) were more efficient and had a better cost–benefit for the degradation of the polymers studied in relation to the thermochemical treatments. Specifically, ultraviolet photo-oxidation worked well for PS and PET, requiring low energy and medium times. However, e-beam radiation was recommended for PE (LDPE and LLDPE) degradation, since high energy and long times were needed when ultraviolet energy was applied to this polymer. Furthermore, the overall efficiency of the plastic degradation of pre-treatments should be studied using a multicriteria approach, since FTIR assessments, in some cases, only consider oxidation processes on the plastic surface and do not show the potential integrity changes on the plastic probes.
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- 2024
3. Effect of agricultural microplastic and mesoplastic in the vermicomposting process: Response of Eisenia fetida and quality of the vermicomposts obtained
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Edafología y Química Agrícola, Blesa Marco, Zbigniew Emil, Sáez-Tovar, José Antonio, Pedraza Torres, Angie Marcela, Martínez Sabater, Encarnación, Orden, Luciano, Andreu-Rodríguez, Javier, Bustamante, María A., Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, López, María J., Suárez-Estrella, Francisca, Moral, Raúl, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Edafología y Química Agrícola, Blesa Marco, Zbigniew Emil, Sáez-Tovar, José Antonio, Pedraza Torres, Angie Marcela, Martínez Sabater, Encarnación, Orden, Luciano, Andreu-Rodríguez, Javier, Bustamante, María A., Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, López, María J., Suárez-Estrella, Francisca, and Moral, Raúl
- Abstract
This work evaluates the effect of agricultural plastic waste (APW) in two particle sizes, microplastic and film debris, and subjected to a pre-treatment by exposure to UV-C, in the development of the vermicomposting process. Eisenia fetida health status and metabolic response and the vermicompost quality and enzymatic activity were determined. The environmental significant of this study is mainly related to how can affect plastic presence (depending on plastic type, size and/or if it is partially degraded) not only to this biological process of organic waste degradation, but also to the vermicompost characteristics, since these organic materials will be reintroduced in the environment as organic amendments and/or fertilizers in agriculture. The plastic presence induced a significant negative effect in survival and body weight of E. fetida with an average decrease of 10% and 15%, respectively, and differences on the characteristics of the vermicomposts obtained, mainly related with NPK content. Although the plastic proportion tested (1.25% f. w.) did not induce acute toxicity in worms, effects of oxidative stress were found. Thus, the exposure of E. fetida to AWP with smaller size or pre-treated with UV seemed to induce a biochemical response, but the mechanism of oxidative stress response did not seem to be dependent on the size or shape of plastic fragments or pre-treated plastic.
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- 2023
4. Thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry successfully used to quantify polyethylene and polystyrene microplastics in organic amendments
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Martín de la Fuente, Alba, Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Ros, Margarita, Pascual, José Antonio, Sáez-Tovar, José Antonio, Martínez Sabater, Encarnación, Peñalver, Rosa, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Martín de la Fuente, Alba, Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Ros, Margarita, Pascual, José Antonio, Sáez-Tovar, José Antonio, Martínez Sabater, Encarnación, and Peñalver, Rosa
- Abstract
The global consumption of plastic is growing year by year, producing small plastic pieces known as microplastics (MPs) that adversely affect ecosystems. The use of organic amendments (compost and manure) polluted with MPs affects the quality of agricultural soils, and these MPs can be incorporated into the food chain and negatively impact human health. Current European legislation only considers large plastic particles in organic amendments. There is no information regarding MP pollution. Thus, the development of a methodology to support future legislation ensuring the quality of agricultural soils and food safety is necessary. This proposed methodology is based on thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry to quantify polyethylene and polystyrene (PE and PS) MPs through their mass spectrometry signal intensity of characteristic PE (m/z 41, 43 and 56) and PS (m/z 78 and 104) ions. This method has been validated with several organic amendments where the MP content ranged from 52.6 to 4365.7 mg kg−1 for PE-MPs and from 1.1 to 64.3 mg kg−1 for PS-MPs. The proposed methodology is a quick and robust analytical method to quantify MPs in organic amendments that could support new legislation.
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- 2022
5. Extractability, Distribution Among Different Particle Size Fractions, and Phytotoxicity of Cu and Zn in Composts Made With the Separated Solid Fraction of Pig Slurry
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Clemente, Rafael, primary, Sáez-Tovar, José Antonio, additional, and Bernal, Maria Pilar, additional
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- 2020
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6. Composting of the invasive species Arundo donax with sewage and agri-food sludge: Agronomic, economic and environmental aspects
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Pelegrín, M., Sáez-Tovar, José Antonio, Andreu-Rodríguez, Javier, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Martínez Sabater, Encarnación, Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Pérez-Espinosa, Aurelia, Bustamante, María A., Agulló, Enrique, Vico, Alberto, Paredes, Concepción, Moral, Raúl, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Pelegrín, M., Sáez-Tovar, José Antonio, Andreu-Rodríguez, Javier, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Martínez Sabater, Encarnación, Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Pérez-Espinosa, Aurelia, Bustamante, María A., Agulló, Enrique, Vico, Alberto, Paredes, Concepción, and Moral, Raúl
- Abstract
This work evaluates several co-composting scenarios based on the use of Arundo donax biomass (AD) as bulking agent for the co-composting of sewage sludge (MS) and agri-food sludge (AS), to manage these organic wastes and to produce balanced organic fertilizers by optimizing the process. For this, six piles were prepared in commercial composting conditions, using AD in a range of 40%–80% (on a dry weight basis). Physico-chemical and chemical parameters and the thermal behaviour were evaluated during the process, as were the physical and chemical parameters of the final composts. The proportion of AD in the mixtures has a significant effect on the development of the thermophilic stage of composting, showing the piles with higher proportion of AD a quicker organic matter degradation. In addition, the evolution of the thermal indices R1 and R2 was different depending on the origin of the sludge used, indicating an increase in the relative concentration of more recalcitrant materials in the piles prepared with AS. The estimation of the global warming potential showed that the use of higher proportion of AD in the composting mixture may be a strategy to mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases during the composting process. Moreover, the end-products obtained had an additional marketable value, with a balanced nutrient content and a good degree of maturity, which indicates the viability of the composting process as a method for the stabilization of these organic wastes.
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- 2018
7. Valorization of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pruning biomass by co-composting with urban and agri-food sludge
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Vico, Alberto, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Bustamante, María A., Agulló, Enrique, Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Sáez-Tovar, José Antonio, Paredes, Concepción, Pérez-Espinosa, Aurelia, Moral, Raúl, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Vico, Alberto, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Bustamante, María A., Agulló, Enrique, Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Sáez-Tovar, José Antonio, Paredes, Concepción, Pérez-Espinosa, Aurelia, and Moral, Raúl
- Abstract
In the Mediterranean countries, there is an increasing production of date palm wastes (Phoenix dactylifera L.), not only due to the raising production of date palm fruits, but also derived from the maintenance of urban and peri-urban green areas, especially in those affected by red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus). The management of this increasing volume of green wastes usually concludes with a controlled disposal that implies an important loss of resources, in terms of organic matter, nutrients and energy. In addition, the rise of wastewater generation and the incentive of the wastewater treatment processes have derived in an increase of the amount of the sludge produced, which makes difficult its management. This work studies the feasibility of co-composting palm wastes with sludge from the urban and agri-food sectors as alternative treatment to manage these organic waste streams and to obtain added-value compost. For this, four mixtures (P1, P2, P3 and P4) were prepared using as main component palm leave waste (PL) mixed with different types of sludge. In the piles P1, P2 and P3, sewage sludge (SS) was used as co-composting agent, while agri-food sludge (AS) was used in P4. Throughout composting, the thermal profile of the composting piles was assessed, as were physical, chemical, physico-chemical and maturity parameters. In addition, the changes in water-soluble organic matter were assessed using chemical analytical methods and the excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. The results obtained showed the viability of the co-composting process to obtain end-products with adequate maturity degree and physical characteristics for their potential use as substrates, except for the salt contents that can limit their use in some agricultural sectors.
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- 2018
8. Mejora de la gestión de purines en granja de porcino y su impacto ambiental
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Sáez Tovar, José Antonio, Bernal Calderón, María Pilar, Clemente Carrillo, Rafael, and Departamentos de la UMH::Tecnología Agroalimentaria
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6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631/635 - Gestión de las explotaciones agrícolas [CDU] ,Explotaciones porcinas ,Impacto ambiental ,Gestión agrícola ,Tecnología de compostaje - Abstract
Programa de Doctorado en Recursos y Tecnologías Agrarias, Agroambientales y Alimentarias Intensification of the livestock sector has improved the production efficiency and reduced economic costs, but the environmental risk derived from the generation of vast amounts of animal waste and slurries in relatively small areas has been increased. These facts suggest both, the need of knowing the amount of pig slurry produced in specific areas and the assessment of the excess of pig slurry, which may need alternatives for treatment and recycling. In this sense, the research of this work was focused on the study of the pig farming sector in the Region of Murcia, the integration and the assessment of the technological requirements of composting as a treatment technology at farm level and the evaluation of the pig slurry treatment systems under real farm conditions. During the first stage of the research, the distribution of the pig production sector in Murcia and the characteristics of the different pig slurries were determined in 18 farms located in the highest slurry production area within the nitrate-vulnerable zone in the Region of Murcia (Spain). The analysis of the local data showed that Murcia is one of the zones with highest concentration of pig farms in Spain, with a limited spatial distribution of the farms in the Region, where more than 50% of the total pig slurry production is located in the municipalities of Lorca and Fuente Álamo. The most common use of pig slurry in Murcia is the agricultural application to soils as a fertiliser, after the adequate storage in open-air tanks. But two main constraints have been identified for the agricultural use of pig slurry: the excess of pig slurry production with respect to the land available for its agricultural use; and the localization of numerous farms within the limits of the vulnerable zone to nitrates contamination. In order to define the composting methodology for pig slurry treatment, including the solid-liquid separation and the selection of the bulking agent material as pre-treatments, two assays were carried out at laboratory and pilot scale. The pig slurry treatment technology was then established in a farm of sows and piglets equipped with a mechanical solid/liquid separation system, where the efficiency of the treatment system and the integration of the composting technology were evaluated. Then, two composting systems using the solid fraction of pig slurry obtained with different methodology (with and without storage) and two different bulking agents (cereal straw and cotton gin waste) were set up in the farm. The results obtained have shown that both the procedure to obtain the solid fraction of pig slurry and the characteristics of the bulking agent play an important role in the evolution of the composting process and in the quality of the compost. The results demonstrated that composting of the solid phase of pig slurry can be an efficient way to manage this waste with a high recovery of nutrients and organic matter for soil application outside the farm. The main environmental implications of the composting technology were evaluated in the farm. The study of greenhouse gas emission (CO2, CH4 and N2O) from the composting pile revealed the influence of the composting methodology and management of the pile in the dynamics of each gas emission. For the studied farm, 4 manure management scenarios have been evaluated according to the IPCC, which showed that the composting treatment system could be a mitigation strategy for GHG emissions in comparison with the slurry storage in open-air tanks. Also, the environmental risk associated with the high concentration of Cu and Zn of the solid fraction of slurries derived from piglets and then concentrated in the compost was evaluated. The distribution of total and soluble concentrations of these metals in the different particle size of the compost showed that their solubility was reduced during composting and therefore their potential phytotoxic effects. The evaluation of the composting technology at the farm level was completed in the following aspects: agronomical, through the balance of the main nutrients (N, P, K); environmental by the estimation of the global warming potential and the acidification potential; energetic, by means of the balance of electrical, thermic and fuel energy; economical, through the incomes and expenses balance; social impact with respect to job creation, noise and smells of the installation; and biosecurity, through the analysis of microbial pathogens. The use of the pig slurry compost as a component of growth media for non-food crops was hypothesized as a different alternative to the agricultural use as a fertilizer. Then, an experiment was developed to determine the advantages of using biochar or coir as mixing agents to produce acceptable growth media from pig slurry composts. To reach this objective, the effects of the mixing agents on the physical and chemical characteristics of the growth media – focusing on the pollutants Cu and Zn, which were abundant in the pig slurry compost, and on the gaseous emissions – were studied. The beneficial effect of the mixing agents on substrate production was tested on the seedling growth of two plant species, milk thistle and sunflower, which can be used for non-food purposes such as soil remediation and energy production. Toxic effects appeared in plants grown in substrates prepared with compost at proportions greater than 20 %; whilst at low rate (up to 20 %) the beneficial effects were associated to the nutrients (N, P and K) supplied by the compost to the crops. The results showed that biochar was more adequate than coir for the preparation of substrates with pig slurry compost, enabling seed germination and plant growth by decreasing the EC and available Cu and Zn contents, hence limiting phytotoxic effects, whilst also reducing CO2, NO and VOC emissions. La intensificación del sector ganadero ha mejorado la eficiencia de producción y ha reducido los costes económicos, pero ha aumentado el riesgo ambiental derivado de la generación de grandes cantidades de estiércoles y purines en áreas relativamente pequeñas. Estos hechos sugieren tanto la necesidad de conocer la cantidad de purín de cerdo producida en áreas específicas, como la evaluación de las posibles alternativas para el necesario tratamiento y reciclado del exceso de purín generado. En este sentido, este trabajo se ha centrado en el estudio del sector porcino en la Región de Murcia, la integración y la evaluación de los requerimientos tecnológicos del compostaje como tecnología de tratamiento a nivel de explotación, y la evaluación de los sistemas de tratamiento de purín trabajando en condiciones reales de granja. Durante la primera fase de la investigación se determinó la distribución del sector porcino en Murcia, y las características del purín de cerdo en 18 explotaciones ubicadas en la zona de mayor producción porcina en una zona vulnerable a la contaminación por nitratos de la Región de Murcia. El análisis de los datos locales mostró que Murcia es una de las zonas con mayor concentración de explotaciones porcinas en España, con una distribución espacial limitada, donde más del 50% de la producción total se localiza en los municipios de Lorca y Fuente Álamo. El uso más común del purín de cerdo en Murcia es la aplicación agrícola al suelo como material fertilizante, tras su adecuado almacenamiento en balsas al aire libre. Sin embargo, se han identificado dos limitaciones principales para el uso agrícola del purín: su exceso de producción con respecto al suelo disponible para su uso agrícola; y la localización de muchas granjas dentro de los límites de la zona vulnerable a la contaminación por nitratos. Con el fin de definir la metodología de compostaje para el tratamiento del purín de cerdo, incluyendo pretratamientos como la separación sólido-líquido y la selección del material que actué como agente estructurante, se realizaron dos ensayos a escala de laboratorio y piloto. La tecnología de tratamiento del purín se estableció en una granja de cría, con cerdas y lechones, equipada con un sistema mecánico de separación sólido-líquido, en la que se evaluó la eficiencia del sistema de tratamiento y se llevó a cabo la integración de la tecnología de compostaje. A continuación, en la explotación se establecieron dos sistemas de compostaje utilizando la fracción sólida de purín de cerdo obtenida con diferente procedimiento (almacenado y no almacenado) y dos agentes estructurantes diferentes (paja de cereal y residuo de desmotado de algodón). Los resultados obtenidos han demostrado que tanto el procedimiento para obtener la fracción sólida de purín de cerdo como las características del agente estructurante desempeñan un papel importante en la evolución del proceso de compostaje y en la calidad del compost. Los resultados demostraron que el compostaje de la fase sólida de purín de cerdo puede ser una técnica eficiente de gestionar estos residuos con una alta recuperación de nutrientes y materia orgánica para la aplicación al suelo como un material fertilizante. Las principales implicaciones ambientales de la tecnología de compostaje se evaluaron en la granja seleccionada. El estudio de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (CO2, CH4 y N2O) en la pila de compostaje reveló la influencia de la metodología de compostaje y la gestión de la pila en la dinámica de emisión de cada gas. Para la finca estudiada, se evaluaron 4 escenarios de manejo de estiércol según la IPCC. Así, se demostró que el sistema de tratamiento de compostaje puede ser una estrategia efectiva de mitigación de emisiones de GEI en comparación con el almacenamiento de purines en balsas al aire libre. También se evaluó el riesgo ambiental asociado a la alta concentración de Cu y Zn de la fracción sólida de purín derivado de lechones que posteriormente se concentra aún más en el compost. La distribución de la concentración total y la fracción soluble de estos metales en los diferentes tamaños de partícula del compost mostraron que su solubilidad se redujo durante el compostaje y por lo tanto sus posibles efectos fitotóxicos. La evaluación de la tecnología de compostaje a nivel de granja se completó en los siguientes aspectos: agronómico, a través del balance de los principales nutrientes (N, P, K); ambiental, mediante la estimación del potencial de calentamiento global y el potencial de acidificación; energético, realizando el balance de energía eléctrica, térmica y de combustible; económico, a través del balance de ingresos y gastos; impacto social, con respecto a la creación de empleo, los ruidos y los olores de la instalación; y bioseguridad, mediante la determinación de microorganismos patógenos. El uso del compost de purín de cerdo como componente de sustrato de cultivo para plantas de uso no alimentario se planteó como una alternativa diferente del uso agrícola como fertilizante. Así, se desarrolló un experimento para determinar las ventajas de usar biochar o fibra de coco como componente adicional para la preparación de medios de cultivo a partir de compost de purín de cerdo. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se estudiaron los efectos del biochar o de la fibra de coco sobre las características físicas y químicas de los medios de cultivo, y especialmente en los contaminantes Cu y Zn, abundantes en el compost, y en las emisiones gaseosas. El efecto beneficioso de ambos materiales para la producción de sustratos se ensayó en un experimento de invernadero para el crecimiento de plántulas de dos especies vegetales, cardo mariano y girasol, que pueden utilizarse para fines no alimentarios tales como fitorecuperación de suelos contaminados y producción de energía. En plantas cultivadas en sustratos preparados con compost en proporciones superiores al 20 % aparecieron efectos tóxicos, mientras que a una proporción baja (< 20 %) los efectos fueron beneficiosos y se asociaron a los nutrientes (N, P y K) suministrados por el compost a los cultivos. Los resultados mostraron que el biochar era más adecuado que la fibra de coco para la preparación de sustratos con compost de purín, favoreciendo la germinación y el crecimiento de las plantas, y disminuyendo la conductividad eléctrica y las concentraciones de Cu y Zn en formas disponibles del sustrato, limitando así sus efectos fitotóxicos y reduciendo las emisiones de CO2, NO y COVs.
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- 2017
9. Valorización agronómica de materiales digeridos por biometanización en cultivos energéticos no alimentarios: tabaco y chumbera
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Sáez Tovar, José Antonio, Bernal Calderón, María Pilar, Clemente Carrillo, Rafael, and Pérez Espinosa, Aurelia
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Cultivos energéticos ,6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::633 - Cultivos y producciones [CDU] ,Fertilizantes orgánicos refinados - Published
- 2013
10. Efectos de la inoculación con microorganismos descomponedores de polímeros en el proceso de vermicompostaje con plásticos (LDPE, LLPE, PET y PS) mediante la lombriz Eisenia fetida
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Toribio Bravo, Mario, Sáez Tovar, José Antonio, and Martínez Sabater, Encarnación
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Microorganismos ,Vermicompostaje ,Residuos plásticos ,6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola [CDU] ,Lombrices - Abstract
Los procesos industriales, agrícolas y ganaderos generan una gran cantidad de residuos plásticos que sufren el riesgo de degradarse por diversos factores y llegar al suelo como material particulado, en forma de micro o nano plástico, mezclándose y contaminando la fracción organomineral del suelo. Este proceso puede ocasionar alteraciones en las reacciones que ocurren en el suelo, al igual que los plásticos, que sufren alteraciones debido a la actividad biológica. En este trabajo se estudia la posibilidad de degradar material particulado de plásticos (LDPE, LLPE, PET y PS) mezclado con el vermicompost en presencia de lombrices Eisenia fetida e inoculado con un consorcio de microrganismos descomponedores de polímeros plásticos. Para ello se lleva a cabo el experimento mediante la exposición en mesocosmos de Eisenia fetida (EF) a diferentes tipos de plástico (NoAWP, LDPE, MIXb) y con diferentes tipos de consorcios microbianos (NoPMC, ENDO, EXO, MIXc) durante 360 horas. Para determinar el estrés oxidativo y el daño en los tejidos que pueden sufrir las lombrices, se miden diferentes actividades enzimáticas (biomarcadores). Se realiza un seguimiento de la evolución del peso fresco y la supervivencia de la lombriz EF en los distintos tratamientos. Para evaluar las variaciones fisicoquímicas del vermicompost tras añadir el material plástico particulado se miden los parámetros fisicoquímicos y la presencia de metales pesados en el vermicompost entre otras características. Para determinar la actividad biológica se miden diferentes actividades enzimáticas del vermicompost. Eisenia fetida tuvo mayores tasas de supervivencia y aumento de peso por individuo en los composts inoculados con un mix de residuos plásticos procedentes de la agricultura (AWP) e inoculados con un consorcio microbiano mixto obtenido del interior del tracto digestivo de la lombriz E. fetida (ENDO) y de ambientes contaminados con plásticos (EXO). La actividad de las lombrices en sinergia con el consorcio microbiano mixto produjo un aumento de las actividades enzimáticas que indican una mayor tasa de actividad microbiana y con capacidad para actuar como barrera fisiológica de radicales libres. Todos los vermicompost empleados en los diferentes tratamientos mantuvieron su clasificación de clase A para el contenido en metales a lo largo del experimento Industrial, agricultural and livestock processes generate a large amount of plastic waste that is at risk of degrading due to various factors and reaching the soil as particulate material, in the form of micro or nano plastic, mixing and contaminating the organomineral fraction of the soil. This process can cause alterations in the reactions that occur in the soil, just like plastics, which suffer alterations due to biological activity. In this work, the possibility of degrading plastic particulate material (LDPE, LLPE, PET and PS) mixed with vermicompost in the presence of Eisenia fetida earthworms and inoculated with a consortium of plastic polymer decomposing microorganisms is studied. For this, the experiment is carried out by exposing Eisenia fetida (EF) mesocosms to different types of plastic (NoAWP, LDPE, MIXb) and with different types of microbial consortia (NoPMC, ENDO, EXO, MIXc) for 360 hours. To determine the oxidative stress and tissue damage that earthworms can suffer, different enzymatic activities (biomarkers) are measured. A follow-up of the evolution of the fresh weight and the survival of the EF earthworm in the different treatments is carried out. To evaluate the physicochemical variations of the vermicompost after adding the particulate plastic material, the physicochemical parameters and the presence of heavy metals in the vermicompost, among other characteristics, are measured. To determine the biological activity are measured different enzymatic activities of the vermicompost. Eisenia fetida had higher survival rates and weight gain per individual in composts inoculated with mix of agricultural plastic waste (AWP) and inoculated with a mixed microbial consortium obtained from inside the digestive tract of the earthworm E. fetida (ENDO) and from environments contaminated with plastics (EXO). The activity of the worms in synergy with the mixed microbial consortium produced an increase in enzymatic activities that indicate a higher rate of microbial activity and the ability to act as a physiological barrier against free radicals. All the vermicompost used in the different treatments of the experiment maintained their class A classification according with heavy metals content
- Published
- 2022
11. Caracterización de los residuos orgánicos procedentes de una granja y quesería de caprino de producción ecológica
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Fernández Suárez, María Teresa, Bernal Calderón, María Pilar, and Sáez Tovar, José Antonio
- Subjects
631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola ,Cabras ,Agricultura biológica ,Residuos orgánicos ,636 - Veterinaria. Explotación y cría de animales. Cría del ganado y de animales domésticos - Abstract
En este trabajo se pretende identificar los flujos de residuos que se generan en la producción de queso asociada a una granja caprina, ambas enmarcadas dentro de la producción ecológica. Para ello se han cuantificado los residuos generados en cada fase de producción que se han caracterizado químicamente mediante la determinación de: pH, conductividad eléctrica, humedad, materia seca, materia orgánica, carbono orgánico total, nitrógeno total, nitrógeno inorgánico, C y N hidrosoluble, y elementos minerales como macro (P, Ca, Mg, Na, K) y micro-elementos (Fe, Cu, Mn y Zn). Mediante correlaciones lineales se han identificado los factores clave de variación de la composición. Una vez obtenida la caracterización se plantean opciones de tratamiento y gestión para esos residuos dentro del marco de la agricultura biológica. This work seeks identify waste streams generated in the production of cheese associated with a goat farm, both framed within organic production. This could have quantified the waste generated at each stage of production and have been chemically characterized by determination of: pH, electrical conductivity, moisture, dry matter, organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, C and N soluble, as macro elements (P, Ca, Mg, Na, K) and microelements (Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn). By linear correlations were identified key factors of variation in the composition. Once the characterizacion posed of treatment options for this waste management within the framework of organic farming.
- Published
- 2014
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