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Background: Although the majority of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be cured with intensive chemotherapy and rituximab, 30-40% of patients will be refractory to or relapse after first line treatment. For these patients, the current standard of care is salvage chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Prior studies have largely examined clinical risk factors associated with higher risk of relapse after ASCT; however, there is limited data integrating both pathologic and molecular features. Thus, we aimed to identify high-risk features associated with relapse and survival after ASCT using a combination of clinical, molecular, pathologic, and transplant characteristics. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of all adult patients with DLBCL who underwent ASCT at our two institutions from 2010 to 2020. Patients with primary CNS lymphoma, primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, or Burkitt lymphoma were excluded. We analyzed demographics, clinical characteristics, cell of origin (COO) by immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) testing, and treatment/transplant characteristics. The primary endpoints were 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from ASCT. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival with univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression performed to identify factors associating with PFS and OS, summarized using hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 235 DLBCL patients underwent ASCT from 2010 to 2020. Median age at ASCT was 61 years (range: 25-75) and 63% were male. At DLBCL diagnosis, 80% had advanced stage disease, 74% had extranodal involvement, 13% had poor performance status, and 65% had elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). 71 patients (30%) had a prior or concurrent indolent lymphoma diagnosis indicating transformed disease. Of the patients with available COO and molecular data, 115 (60%) had germinal center B-cell (GCB) phenotype by IHC, 10 (6%) had a single MYC rearrangement by FISH, and 35 (22%) had MYC plus BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements (DHL/THL). After first-line treatment, 12% remained refractory and 62% later relapsed at a median of 13 months (range: 1-240). Patients received a median of 2 (range: 1-5) lines of treatment pre-ASCT. At time of ASCT, 66% were in complete response (CR) and 32% were in partial response (PR) by standard of care imaging and response criteria. With median follow-up of 5.2 years from time of ASCT, 98 patients (42%) relapsed and 78 (33%) died. 3-year PFS and OS were 58% (95% CI 51-64%) and 74% (95% CI 67-79%), respectively. In univariate analysis, factors associated with worse PFS and worse OS included 3 or more lines of treatment pre-ASCT (p60 at ASCT (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.06-3.47, p=0.03) (Figure 1C). Stratifying by COO and disease status at transplant, 3-year OS was best in the GCB/CR group (84%, 95% CI 73-90%), while worse but similar in the GCB/non-CR and non-GCB/CR groups (68%, 95% CI 51-80% and 71%, 95% CI 56-83%, respectively) (Figure 1D). The non-GCB/non-CR group had the worst 3-year OS (48%, 95% CI 27-67%). No individual factors beyond CR/non-CR at ASCT were associated with worse 3-year PFS. Notably, DHL/THL patients (77% of whom were in CR at time of ASCT) had similar PFS (p=0.08) and OS (p=0.30) to non-DHL/THL patients, suggesting that response to therapy may be more prognostic than high-risk molecular features alone. Conclusions: This analysis indicated that factors associated with OS after ASCT were disease status at time of transplant and COO, with non-GCB patients not in CR having the poorest outcomes. GCB patients not in CR were still able to be cured by ASCT at a high rate. Molecular rearrangements including DHL/THL were not prognostic, although interpretation may be limited by the modest number of DHL/THL patients. These findings may inform which patients should undergo ASCT, while the highest risk group may be better treated with alternatives including novel targeted agents or chimeric antigen receptor cell therapy. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Bachanova: FATE: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; KaryoPharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gamida Cell: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Fehniger: Compass Therapeutics: Research Funding; Affimed: Research Funding; ImmunityBio: Research Funding; Wugen: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Patents & Royalties: related to memory like NK cells, Research Funding; OrcaBio: Other; Kiadis: Other; HCW Biologics: Research Funding; Indapta: Other. Weisdorf: Fate Therapeutics: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding.

Introduction: Clinical trials of novel salvage therapies (ST) have encouraging outcomes for relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R cHL) after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT); yet studies comparing novel ST with conventional salvage chemotherapy are lacking. In a single center cohort, we demonstrated that bendamustine/brentuximab (BBV) had higher overall response rates (ORR) and complete response (CR) rates in ASCT-eligible R/R cHL (Desai et al JCO, 2021). Herein we report comparative outcomes of novel and conventional ST in R/R cHL who undergo ASCT, in a large multicenter retrospective cohort. Methods: Consecutive R/R cHL pts who underwent ASCT at 12 institutions across United States were included. Demographics and clinical variables at relapse including age, sex, B symptoms, stage, bulky disease (BD, single mass > 6 cm) extra nodal disease (END), primary refractory disease (PRD) and early relapse (ER, within 1 year) were recorded by electronic health records review. Study objectives were ORR, CR to first ST, post-ASCT PFS and OS by final ST. Time to event endpoints were defined from date of ASCT. Results: From 12 participating institutions, 853 pts of R/R cHL who underwent ASCT were eligible for this study. Median age was 33 (14-72) years, 457 (54%) were male, 446 (52%) had BD, 257 (30%) had advanced stage, 271 (32%) had END, 369 (43%) had B symptoms, 142 (17%) had PRD and 307 (36%) had ER. All 853 received at least 1 ST, 245 received 2 ST, 71 received 3 ST and 26 received 4 ST. Seven groups of ST were identified: 1. Conventional platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) group including ICE, DHAP and ESHAP 2. BBV 3. Brentuximab Vedotin and nivolumab (BV/Nivo) 4. BV alone (BV) 5. gemcitabine-based chemotherapy (Gem) 6. checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) and 7. other miscellaneous agents (Misc). 1st ST was as follows: 553 had PBC; 69 had BBV; 48 had BV/Nivo; 65 had BV; 49 had Gem; 4 had CPI and 63 had Misc. There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics by type of 1 st ST (data not shown). BBV had significantly higher ORR (92% vs 79%, p Final ST prior to ASCT was PBC in 451, BBV in 76, BV/Nivo in 48, BV in 87, CPI in 24, Gem in 90 and Misc in 64. Table 1 lists K-M estimates of 2-year survival probabilities for different Final ST groups. Median follow up was 3 (range 0.1-13) years. BV/Nivo group had significantly higher proportion of patients with PRD and BD than PBC, no other differences in baseline characteristics were identified amongst ST groups (data not shown). BV/Nivo (HR: 0.1 (CI 95:0.02-0.4), p 536 pts underwent ASCT in CR, 273 underwent ASCT in partial response (PR) and 31 underwent ASCT with progressive disease (PD). Pre-ASCT PR (HR 1.6 (CI 95:1.3-2.6), p In pts with pre-ASCT CR, all 36 who had pre-ASCT CR after BV/Nivo were alive and relapse free for follow up of 0.1-5 yrs. BV/Nivo was associated with significantly higher PFS (HR 0.1 (CI 95: 0.01-0.7), p Conclusions: BV/Nivo has a higher CR rate and better post-ASCT PFS compared to conventional chemotherapy and can lead to durable remissions in pts with pre-ASCT CR. BBV had a higher response rate and similar post-ASCT survival to conventional chemotherapy. BV had lower response rates compared to chemotherapy. Novel ST such as BV/Nivo and BBV may be preferable to conventional chemotherapy in R/R cHL. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Spinner: Notable Labs: Honoraria. Bachanova: FATE: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; KaryoPharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gamida Cell: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Dorritie: SITC presentation: Honoraria; Genmab: Research Funding; University of Pittsburgh/UPMC Hillman Cancer Center: Current Employment; Janssen: Research Funding; F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd: Research Funding; Juno/BMS: Research Funding; Kite, a Gilead Company: Research Funding; OncLive/Institutional Perspectives on Cancer presentation: Honoraria. Arai: Magenta Therapeutics: Research Funding. Maurer: Nanostring: Research Funding; Morphosys: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Kite Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genentech: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Diefenbach: Genentech, Inc./ F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; IMab: Research Funding; Morphosys: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Merck Sharp & Dohme: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Health: Current Employment; AbbVie: Research Funding; IGM Biosciences: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Trillium: Research Funding; Gilead: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; MEI: Consultancy, Research Funding. Nowakowski: Kyte Pharma: Consultancy; Ryvu Therapeutics: Consultancy; Selvita: Consultancy; Curis: Consultancy; Karyopharm Therapeutics: Consultancy; Celgene/Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; MorphoSys: Consultancy; Bantham Pharmaceutical: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Zai Labolatory: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy; Kymera Therapeutics: Consultancy; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy; Blueprint Medicines: Consultancy; Nanostrings: Research Funding. Advani: Astellas/Agensys: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol Myer Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Cell Medica: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Forty Seven: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Genetech Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen Pharmaceutical: Research Funding; Juno: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kite Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kura: Research Funding; Kyowa: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck: Research Funding; Millenium: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Portola Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Regeneron: Research Funding; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

Background: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent lymphoma and is generally characterized by prolonged survival with multiple relapses throughout the disease course. There is no standard of care as to the initial choice or sequencing of treatments for relapsed disease. Novel agents approved in the relapsed setting include lenalidomide in combination with rituximab (R2) and PI3K inhibitors (PI3Ki) including idelalisib, duvelisib, and copanlisib. However, there are no prospective data comparing the safety/efficacy of these novel agents to guide treatment selection. We aimed to examine the characteristics and outcomes of patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma treated with these novel agents. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of adult patients with FL treated with commercially-available novel agents at 10 US academic cancer centers. Patients were excluded if they received one of these therapies as first line therapy or for the treatment of transformed disease. Treatment with lenalidomide or PI3Ki was determined by the treating physician, as was the decision to incorporate monoclonal antibody (mAb). For patients who received both classes of novel agent, baseline and treatment characteristics were grouped by first novel class used. The Fisher's Exact test was used to compare categorical variables and the Mann Whitney U test for continuous variables. Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as time from the initiation of the first novel agent to progression of disease (POD), either FL or transformed disease, or death from any cause. Overall survival (OS) was defined as time from the initiation of the first novel agent to death from any cause. Outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Results: 98 patients were included. Available baseline characteristics at diagnosis are described in Table 1. The median time from the end of the last FL treatment to the start of the first novel agent was 12 months (range 0-79). The first novel agent was lenalidomide +/-mAb in 49% (n=48) of the patients and a PI3Ki +/- mAb in 51% (n=50) of patients. Idelalisib was the most commonly used PI3Ki (n=47) followed by copanlisib (n=2) and duvelisib (n=1). The median number of therapies prior to the first novel agent was 2 (range 1-8) and not significantly different between treatment classes. Reason for discontinuation of novel agent was significantly different between groups with greater discontinuations due to toxicity (40% vs 28%) and transformed disease (15% vs. 3%) for the PI3Ki ± mAb group vs. lenalidomide ± mAb group, respectively (p = 0.02). The median PFS and OS for the entire cohort was 10 months (95% CI 7.6-14) and 120 months (95% CI, 49-NA), respectively (Figure A). When comparing outcomes to current FDA approvals-lenalidomide + mAb (n=43) versus PI3Ki monotherapy (PI3Ki, n=38), the median PFS was significantly longer in the lenalidamide + mAb group compared to the PI3Ki group (15 vs. 6 months, p=0.016), as was the OS (120 vs. 37 months, p=0.002, respectively, Figure B). Conclusions: In this multi-center analysis, despite multiple relapses, the median survival for FL patients treated with novel agents was 120 months from the initiation of the first novel therapy. With the caveat of retrospective comparison, lenalidomide + mAb (i.e. R2) appears superior to PI3Ki as first novel agent in the relapsed setting with the recognition that a high proportion of patients discontinued PI3Ki due to toxicity. Because the majority of the patients received idelalisib conclusions cannot be drawn about alternative PI3Ki which may have lower toxicity profiles or intermittent dosing strategies, allowing for safer and more prolonged treatment. Future prospective studies are needed to directly compare these agents and determine optimal sequencing of therapies. Disclosures Landsburg: Takeda: Research Funding; Triphase: Research Funding; Triphase: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Curis, INC: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Seattle Genetics: Speakers Bureau; Seattle Genetics: Speakers Bureau; Curis, INC: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Kahl:AbbVie Inc, Acerta Pharma - A member of the AstraZeneca Group, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, BeiGene, Celgene Corporation, Genentech, Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Roche Laboratories Inc.: Consultancy. Maddocks:Merck: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Teva: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Danilov:TG Therapeutics: Consultancy; Bayer Oncology: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy; Curis: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Aptose Biosciences: Research Funding; Takeda Oncology: Research Funding; Bristol-Meyers Squibb: Research Funding; MEI: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Research Funding; Verastem Oncology: Consultancy, Other: Travel Reimbursement , Research Funding. Ujjani:Pharmacyclics: Honoraria; PCYC: Research Funding; Atara: Consultancy; Atara: Consultancy; Genentech: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria; PCYC: Research Funding; Astrazeneca: Consultancy; Genentech: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding. Lynch:Juno Therapeutics: Research Funding; Rhizen Pharmaceuticals S.A: Research Funding; T.G. Therapeutics: Research Funding; Incyte Corporation: Research Funding; Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Johnson Graffe Keay Moniz & Wick LLP: Consultancy. Nastoupil:Gilead: Honoraria; Bayer: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Spectrum: Honoraria; TG Therapeutics: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Genentech, Inc.: Honoraria, Research Funding. Ghosh:Forty Seven Inc: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Genentech: Research Funding; T G Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Gilead/Kite: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; AbbVie: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Spectrum: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Astra Zeneca: Speakers Bureau. Stephens:Karyopharm: Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding; Acerta: Research Funding. Cohen:ASH: Research Funding; Lymphoma Research Foundation: Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol-Meyers Squibb Company: Research Funding; Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.: Research Funding; Gilead/Kite: Consultancy; LAM Therapeutics: Research Funding; UNUM: Research Funding; Hutchison: Research Funding; Genentech, Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. Hill:Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celegene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria; TG therapeutics: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Kite: Consultancy, Honoraria.

Introduction: The majority of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) will be cured with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimens. However, 10-20% of patients with early-stage disease and 30-40% of patients with advanced-stage cHL will relapse. The standard treatment for patients with relapsed cHL is salvage chemoimmunotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy (HDT) and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) in chemotherapy-sensitive patients. Patients with primary treatment failure (PTF), i.e. patients who have progressive disease while on therapy or who fail to achieve complete remission (CR) at the end of initial therapy, or experience early relapse after CR1 are expected to have a worse prognosis than patients with late relapse. Since 2011 newer treatments, namely Brentuximab vedotin and PD1/PDL1 blockers have been introduced for the treatment of relapsed and refractory cHL. It is unknown whether changes in disease monitoring and management, including the availability of new agents, impacted survival of patients with cHL and PTF. Methods: Fifteen US academic medical centers contributed cases to the ECLIPSE study (Evaluation of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma patients wIth Primary treatment failure and analySis of outcomEs). ECLIPSE retrospectively captured patient, disease and treatment characteristics and treatment response as assessed by treating physicians. Eligible patients were ≥ 15 years diagnosed with cHL on or after 2005, who received treatment with curative intent with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimens, and developed one of the 3 patterns of PTF: detection of progressive disease during or within 6 weeks of completion of chemotherapy (PP cohort, primary progression), partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) by functional imaging at completion of chemotherapy (PR/SD cohort), or disease progression detected within 12 months of completion of chemotherapy after prior documentation of CR (ER cohort, early relapse). Patients were divided into two "eras" based on year of diagnosis, 2005-2010 (era1) and 2011-2018 (era2), with the latter expected to reflect changes in salvage therapy for cHL. Results: Patient characteristics for the 553 cases are summarized in Table. Median follow up of survivors was 58.7 and 31.2 months for patients diagnosed in era1 and era2, respectively. ABVD was the upfront treatment for 97.6% of cases. Nearly all patients (98.5%) received salvage therapy after PTF and 60.9% underwent auto-HCT. Patients who relapsed or progressed post auto-HCT received a median of 1 (range 0 to 3) salvage regimens. Five-year overall survival (OS) from time of PTF was 70.3% (95% CI=63.4-77.2%) for patients diagnosed in era1, and 77.6% (95% CI=70.3-84.8%, p = 0.018) for patients diagnosed in era2 (Figure A). While there was no difference in OS among the PP, PR/SD and ER cohorts in the era1 (Figure B), the PR/SD and ER cohorts had better OS than PP cohort in era2 (Figure C). On comparing the OS for each of the 3 cohorts between era1 and era2, there was an improvement in OS in the PR/SD (Figure E) and ER cohorts (Figure F) but no improvement among the PP cohort (D). Multivariable analysis of patients in era 2 identified only age (HR 1.05, 95% CI=1.03-1.07, P Conclusions: Though there has been an improvement in survival among cHL cases with PTF treated in the most recent years, the outcome of patients with PP did not change significantly across eras. Patients with PP disease should be prioritized for clinical trials incorporating newer agents and innovative cellular therapy to current available effective treatments. Disclosures Epperla: Pharmacyclics: Honoraria; Verastem Oncology: Speakers Bureau. Costa:Abbvie: Consultancy; Karyopharm: Consultancy; Fujimoto Pharmaceutical Corporation Japan: Other: Advisor; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Cashen:Novartis: Other: Speaker's Bureau; Seattle Genetics: Other: Speaker's Bureau; Celgene: Other: Speaker's Bureau. Hamadani:Otsuka: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; ADC Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Sanofi Genzyme: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Medimmune: Consultancy, Research Funding. Barta:Mundipharma: Honoraria; Celgene: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Seattle Genetics: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bayer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Mundipharma: Honoraria; Merck: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Reddy:Celgene: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy; KITE Pharma: Consultancy. Karmali:Gilead/Kite; Juno/Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Takeda, BMS: Other: Research Funding to Institution; Astrazeneca: Speakers Bureau. Bello:Celgene: Speakers Bureau. Chavez:Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kite: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genentech: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Svoboda:AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Celgene: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kyowa: Consultancy; Merck: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding. Glenn:BMS: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding. Cohen:Lymphoma Research Foundation: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding; ASH: Research Funding; Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.: Research Funding; Gilead/Kite: Consultancy; Bristol-Meyers Squibb Company: Research Funding; Genentech, Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; LAM Therapeutics: Research Funding; UNUM: Research Funding; Hutchison: Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Research Funding.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been reported as a major complication to consider and promptly manage in the use of ethanol sclerotherapy. Most of the available data on the development of PAH is derived from the use of ethanol for embolization of arteriovenous malformation, but it has been rarely reported in its other fields of application. We describe a case of outpatient renal artery embolization using ethanol, in which respiratory failure develops secondary to PAH despite adhering to safe practice protocols. We highlight the importance of pulmonary arterial pressure monitoring and the treatment steps to follow in order to avoid irreversible fatal outcomes.

Hairy cell leukemia is a rare lymphoid neoplasm arising from mature B-lymphocytes. Clinically, the disease presents with splenomegaly and abdominal discomfort, frequent infections, fatigue and bleeding because of related cytopenias. Bone marrow biopsy is essential for diagnosis. Below we describe a case of a 70-year-old African-American male who presented to our hematology clinic complaining of fatigue. Clinical exam and computed tomography imaging did not reveal splenic enlargement. Blood work-up revealed pancytopenia and bone marrow was diagnostic for hairy cell leukemia.The patient was started on cladribine, with gradual improvement of his symptoms and blood count abnormalities. Therefore, it is essential to keep hairy cell leukemia in the differential of pancytopenia even in the absence of a splenomegaly.

Chronic back pain is a common presenting complaint that is frequently encountered by clinicians. The challenge for clinicians is identifying the relatively few patients with a significant probability of a more serious problem that requires further evaluation. Such individuals require further evaluation for possible occult malignancy, infection, or fracture. We present a case of a 50-year-old male with a past medical history of chronic back pain and IV drug abuse who presented with acute back pain and in whom a diagnosis of vertebral osteomyelitis was missed during multiple visits to the emergency room.

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is a rare multisystem disorder of unknown etiology that is characterized by erosive polyarthritis and papulonodular lesions on the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs. We report the case of a 54-year-old female who was misdiagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis and underwent numerous joint replacement surgeries for progressively destructive arthritis in her hands, shoulders, hips, and knees. The patient finally received a diagnosis of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis after histopathological examination of the patient’s left knee arthroplasty which revealed a diffuse histiocytic infiltrate, multinucleated giant cells, and finely granulated eosinophilic cytoplasm with a ground-glass appearance.

Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia is a rare condition with an incidence of 1 per million of the population. We report the case of a 36-year-old female who presented to the emergency department complaining of shortness of breath and dark colored urine. Physical examination was significant for pale mucous membranes. The patient reported using ibuprofen for a few days prior to presentation. Complete blood count performed before starting ibuprofen revealed normal platelets and hemoglobin values. On admission, the patient had evidence of hemolytic anemia with hemoglobin of 4.9 g/dL, hematocrit of 14.2%, lactate dehydrogenase 435 IU/L, and reticulocytosis 23.2%. Further testing ruled out autoimmune disease, lymphoma, and leukemia as etiologies for the patient’s new onset hemolytic anemia. Ibuprofen was immediately stopped with a gradual hematologic recovery within 3 days.

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive cancer that has been closely linked to asbestos exposure. Initially recognized as an occupational cancer in male workers, MM was later found to occur in their family members as well. We report the case of an 89-year-old female who presented with abdominal distention, pain, and findings consistent with malignant ascites. Family history was significant for fatal mesothelioma in her husband of 40 years, who was a worker at a tile factory. The diagnosis of MM was confirmed on pathologic examination of the omental core biopsy.

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) is a heterogeneous non-Hodgkin lymphoma. No consensus exists regarding the standard-of-care in patients with advanced-stage disease. Current recommendations are largely adapted from follicular lymphoma, for which bendamustine with rituximab (BR) is an established approach. We analyzed the safety and efficacy of frontline BR in EMZL using a large international consortium. We included 237 patients with a median age of 63 years (range, 21-85). Most patients presented with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 to 1 (n = 228; 96.2%), stage III/IV (n = 179; 75.5%), and intermediate (49.8%) or high (33.3%) Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue International Prognosis Index (MALT-IPI). Patients received a median of 6 (range, 1-8) cycles of BR, and 20.3% (n = 48) received rituximab maintenance. Thirteen percent experienced infectious complications during BR therapy; herpes zoster (4%) was the most common. Overall response rate was 93.2% with 81% complete responses. Estimated 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 80.5% (95% CI, 73.1% to 86%) and 89.6% (95% CI, 83.1% to 93.6%), respectively. MALT-IPI failed to predict outcomes. In the multivariable model, the presence of B symptoms was associated with shorter PFS. Rituximab maintenance was associated with longer PFS (hazard ratio = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.71; P = .016) but did not impact OS. BR is a highly effective upfront regimen in EMZL, providing durable remissions and overcoming known adverse prognosis factors. This regimen is associated with occurrence of herpes zoster; thus, prophylactic treatment may be considered.