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PurposeThe aim of this study was to understand the perception of family physicians, pulmonologists, and allergists with respect to diagnostic tests performed on patients with chronic cough and treatments prescribed to patients with refractory or unexplained chronic cough. We also assessed how these health professionals perceived the effectiveness of these treatments.MethodsAn anonymous survey was distributed by the scientific societies SEPAR, SEAIC, SEMERGEN, semFYC, and SEMG. Respondents were asked how often they perform diagnostic tests and prescribe treatments (responses from 1 = never to 10 = always) and how they perceived the effectiveness of the drugs used (from 1 = not at all to 10 = very effective). The correlation between perceived effectiveness and frequency of prescription was analyzed.ResultsThe respondents comprised 620 family physicians, 92 pulmonologists, and 62 allergists. The most frequently performed diagnostic tests were chest x-ray and, among pulmonologists and allergists, simple spirometry and bronchodilator tests. The most frequently prescribed drugs were bronchodilators (percentages scoring 8–10 for each specialty: 43.2%, 42.4%, and 56.5%;p = 0.127), inhaled corticosteroids (36.9%, 55.4%, and 54.8%;p 5 (between 6 and 7). Correlation coefficients (ρ2) suggested that approximately 45% of prescription was related to perceived effectiveness.ConclusionAlthough chronic cough is a common problem, diagnosis and treatment differ among specialists. The perceived effectiveness of drugs is generally low.

La gestión terminológica es uno de los mayores desafíos de la traducción especializada, pues los términos condensan el conocimiento especializado y aseguran la concisión y la precisión del dis­curso. Por tanto, es fundamental que los traductores desarrollen la competencia terminológica para resolver problemas terminológicos en la traducción y elaborar recursos terminológicos propios. La presente investigación, por un lado, define teóricamente la competencia terminológica del traduc­tor especializado y la sitúa dentro del modelo de competencia traductora del grupo PACTE; y por otro, propone dos instrumentos para medir la competencia terminológica en la traducción. Los instrumentos, una tarea de traducción especializada y una entrevista semiestructurada retrospectiva llevada a cabo con posterioridad a la traducción, fueron evaluados mediante un estudio piloto realizado con cinco estudiantes avanzados de traducción. Los resultados de la aplicación de los instrumentos permitieron evaluar la eficacia de estos en la medición de cada una de las seis habilidades en las que se desglosó operacionalmente la competencia terminológica, así como identificar el nivel de logro de los estudiantes en cada una de ellas.

INTRODUCTION Analgesics are widely used, but evidence regarding whether their use increases the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) flares or complications is unclear. Therefore, self-medication with analgesics in IBD is usually not recommended. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of self-medication with analgesics in a cohort of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and to identify reasons and factors associated with self-medication. METHODS This cross-sectional study included consecutive unselected adult patients with UC. Participants were asked to complete an anonymous web-based survey with multiple-choice questions and closed responses. No clinical data were collected. RESULTS A total of 546 patients (61.2% women, mean age 39.9 years) completed the survey. The prevalence of self-medication with analgesics was 49.8% (272/546). Paracetamol (45.2%) and metamizole (21.2%) were the most frequently used drugs; frequencies of self-medication were

This study intended to identify which referent features are more frequently selected in the naming of the concept class of places and, in turn, determine which are the preferred conceptualizations in Mapudungun. This language is mainly spoken by Mapuche people in central and southern areas of Chile and in the Central-West area of Argentina. To identify the features of this conceptualization, a cognitive-semantic analysis of the conceptual patterns of 112 nominal compounds pertaining to the concept subclasses of natural places (intervened and non-intervened) and non-natural places (installations and territorial divisions) was conducted. Results show that, for non-intervened natural places, an entity present in the natural place is preferably selected in the name, whereas for intervened places, an agricultural activity or an animal associated to the place is preferably chosen. Concerning installations, the preferred conceptual pattern specifies, by means of the constituent ruka ‘house’, the man-made nature of the place. Regarding territorial divisions, the preferred naming pattern combines two place concepts. This information is crucial for the creation of neologisms in Mapudungun because it guarantees that newly formed lexical units are coherent with the Mapuche worldview and do not import foreign models. Resumen El presente estudio se propuso identificar qué aspectos del referente son seleccionados con mayor frecuencia en la denominación de los conceptos de lugar y, a su vez, determinar cuáles son las conceptualizaciones preferidas en mapudungún, lengua del pueblo mapuche, hablada principalmente en el centro y sur de Chile y en el centro-oeste de Argentina. Para lograr esto, se realizó un análisis cognitivo-semántico de los patrones conceptuales de 112 compuestos nominales relativos a las subclases conceptuales de lugares naturales (no intervenidos e intervenidos) y no naturales (instalaciones y divisiones territoriales). Los resultados muestran que en la denominación de los lugares naturales no intervenidos se selecciona preferentemente una entidad presente en el lugar natural; mientras que, en los intervenidos, lo es una actividad agrícola o un animal asociado al lugar. En las instalaciones, el patrón conceptual preferente especifica, mediante el constituyente ruka 'casa', la naturaleza artificial del lugar; mientras que en las divisiones territoriales, el patrón conceptual preferente combina dos conceptos de lugar. Esta información es crucial para la creación de neologismos en mapudungún, pues garantiza que las unidades léxicas recién formadas sean coherentes con la visión del mundo de los mapuches y no importen modelos ajenos. Résumé Cette étude vise à identifier quels aspects du référent sont choisis plus fréquemment pour nommer des concepts de lieu et, au même temps, à décrire les conceptualisations préférées en langue Mapudungun, langue du peuple Mapuche qui est parlée surtout dans le centre et sud du Chili et dans le centre-ouest de l’Argentine. Dans ce but, nous avons mené une analyse sémantique-cognitive des patrons conceptuels reflétés dans les dénominations de 112 noms composés appartenant aux classes conceptuelles de lieux naturels (exploités et non exploités) et lieux non naturels (installations et répartitions territoriales). Les résultats montrent que pour les lieux naturels non exploités, une entité présente dans le lieu est choisie de préférence ; tandis que pour les lieux exploités, c’est une activité agricole ou un animal associé au lieu qui est choisi le plus souvent. Pour les installations, le patron conceptuel préferentiel souligne le caractère artificiel du lieu au moyen du formant ruka ‘maison’ ; alors que les répartitions territoriales combinent deux concepts de lieu. Cettes données sont très utiles pour informer la création de néologismes en mapudungun, car elles permettent d’assurer que les nouvelles unités sont formées de façon cohérente avec la vision du monde du peuple mapuche et on n’importe pas de modèles étrangers.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of abatacept (ABA) in monotherapy (ABAMONO) vs combined ABA [ABA plus MTX (ABAMTX) or ABA plus non-MTX conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) (ABANON-MTX)] in RA patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) (RA-ILD). Methods This was a restrospective multicentre study of RA-ILD Caucasian patients treated with ABA. We analysed in the three groups (ABAMONO, ABAMTX, ABANON-MTX) the following outcome variables: (i) dyspnoea; (ii) forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusion capacity of the lung for the carbon monoxide (DLCO); (iii) chest high-resolution CT (HRCT); (iv) DAS28-ESR; (v) CS-sparing effect; and (vi) ABA retention and side-effects. Differences between basal and final follow-up were evaluated. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the differences between the three groups. Results We studied 263 RA-ILD patients (mean ± s.d. age 64.6 ± 10 years) [ABAMONO (n = 111), ABAMTX (n = 46) and ABANON-MTX (n = 106)]. At baseline, ABAMONO patients were older (67 ± 10 years) and took higher prednisone dose [10 (interquartile range 5–15) mg/day]. At that time, there were no statistically significant differences in sex, seropositivity, ILD patterns, FVC and DLCO, or disease duration. Following treatment, in all groups, most patients experienced stabilization or improvement in FVC, DLCO, dyspnoea and chest HRCT as well as improvement in DAS28-ESR. A statistically significant difference between basal and final follow-up was only found in CS-sparing effect in the group on combined ABA (ABAMTX or ABANON-MTX). However, in the multivariable analysis, there were no differences in any outcome variables between the three groups. Conclusion In Caucasian individuals with RA-ILD, ABA in monotherapy or combined with MTX or with other conventional-DMARDs seems to be equally effective and safe. However, a CS-sparing effect is only observed with combined ABA.

BACKGROUND Few studies have examined self-medication with corticosteroids among patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). AIMS To assess the frequency of self-medication with oral corticosteroids in UC patients, and associated factors and reasons. METHODS An anonymous, voluntary, web-based survey was administered to adults with UC recruited via a Spanish patient association (ACCU) and hospital gastroenterology departments. Information was provided by patients; no clinical data were collected. Descriptive statistics and comparisons of frequencies are displayed. RESULTS Among 546 respondents (mean age 39.9 years, median duration of UC since diagnosis 7 years,) 36 (6.6%) reported self-medication with oral corticosteroids during the past year (once: 23 patients; 2-3 times: 10 patients; >3 times: 3 patients). Self-medication was more common among patients managed in general gastroenterology vs. inflammatory bowel disease clinics [23 (9.0%) vs. 11 (2.9%), P = 0.019], patients with no regular follow-up [4 (22.2%) vs. 32 (6.1%), P = 0.026] and patients with more flares (P < 0.001). Patients who stored steroids from previous flares (17.9% vs. 6.0%, P < 0.001) or who lived with a partner taking steroids (9.3% vs. 1.1%, P = 0.038) were more likely to self-medicate than other patients. Common reasons for self-medicating included the need for quick symptom relief (55.6%), fear of worsening (47.2%) and difficulty in getting an appointment (25.0%). Only seven patients (19.4%) informed their physician when they started self-medicating and only four (11.1%) declared they would not start corticosteroids again. CONCLUSION Self-medication with oral corticosteroids is not a common practice among patients with UC in Spain, but several areas of improvement exist.

Short report [Abstract] Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the preferences of patients with rheumatic diseases and their perceived experience regarding participation in shared decision making (SDM) when they were prescribed a subcutaneous (SC) biological drug. Methods: A printed survey was handed to 1,000 patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases treated with SC biological drug. The survey included closed questions about preferences regarding decision making and about patients' experience when they were prescribed an SC biological drug. Descriptive statistics were performed with stratification by patient profiles, using chi-square for comparisons between groups. Results: A total of 592 surveys were received (response rate 59.2%, mean age 51.7 years, 57.6% women). Some 28.2% of patients reported preferring to take part in treatment selection, a percentage that was higher in younger patients, in those with higher academic degree and in those who search information in sources different to that of health care professionals. Over half of patients (56.3%) perceived that the rheumatologist considered their opinion when prescribing an SC biological drug, a percentage higher in younger people. Only in 40.8% of cases did the patients' preference match their perception of their participation in the process. No differences were observed by sex, disease or number of biologics. Conclusions: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases want information about their treatments but mostly leave the prescription decision to the rheumatologist. Younger people, or those with higher academic degree, more often want to participate in the SDM. There are discrepancies between patient preferences and perceptions of this process.

ObjectiveThe Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society Health Index (ASAS HI) is a tool designed to assess disease impact in spondyloarthritis (SpA), but its clinical performance is barely known. We aimed to test the clinimetric properties of ASAS HI in a real clinical setting.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 111 consecutive patients with SpA. The measurement properties of ASAS HI were tested against conventional assessment measures. Convergent validity was assessed by Spearman rho correlations, while discriminative validity was analyzed through receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A multivariate regression analysis was designed to identify ASAS HI items associated with active disease.ResultsThe average ASAS HI was 5.4 ± 3.8 (interquartile range 3–8). ASAS HI showed high convergent validity against other SpA measures (rho ≥ 0.70, p < 0.0005). The optimal criteria for detecting high/very high disease activity Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) categories was an ASAS HI score > 6, area under the ROC curve 0.86 (95% CI 0.78–0.92), positive likelihood ratio 7.3 (95% CI 3.1–17.1), p < 0.0001. The ASAS HI items significantly associated with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index active disease were “I often get frustrated” (OR 9.2, 95% CI 1.2–69.4, p = 0.032), and “I sleep badly at night” (OR 7.7, 95% CI 1.4–41.6, p = 0.018). As for ASDAS, it was “pain sometimes disrupts my normal activities” (OR 8.7, 95% CI 1.7–45.2, p = 0.010).ConclusionThe ASAS HI is a useful and simple instrument for its application in daily practice. Given its good clinimetric properties, it could be used as an additional instrument to evaluate SpA.

The circadian system regulates numerous physiological variables, including body temperature. Additionally, a circadian patter has been described in stroke onset. Considering this, we hypothesised that the chronobiology of temperature may have an impact on stroke onset and functional outcomes. We also studied the variation of blood biomarkers according to stroke onset time. This is a retrospective observational study. Of the patients included, 2763 had a stroke between midnight and 8:00 h; 1571 between 8:00–14:00 h; and 655 between 14:00 h and midnight. Axillary temperature was measured at admission. At this time, blood samples were collected for biomarker analysis (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and glutamate). Temperature was higher in patients admitted from 8:00 h to midnight (p < 0.0001). However, the percentage of poor outcome at 3 months was highest in patients from midnight to 8:00 h (57.7%, p < 0.001). The association between temperature and mortality was highest during night time (OR: 2.79; CI 95%: 2.36–3.28; p < 0.001). These patients exhibited high glutamate (220.2 ± 140.2 µM), IL-6 (32.8 ± 14.3 pg/mL) and low IL-10 (9.7 ± 14.3 pg/mL) levels. Therefore, temperature chronobiology could have a significant impact on stroke onset and functional outcome. Superficial body hyperthermia during sleep seems to be more dangerous than during wakefulness. Further studies will be necessary to confirm our data.

Objectives To assess efficacy and safety of biologic therapy (BT) in neurobehçet’s disease (NBD) refractory to glucocorticoids and at least one conventional immunosuppressive drug. Methods Open-label, national, multicentre study. NBD diagnosis was based on the International Consensus Recommendation criteria. Outcome variables were efficacy and safety. Main efficacy outcome was clinical remission. Other outcome variables analysed were glucocorticoid-sparing effect and improvement in laboratory parameters. Results We studied 41 patients [21 women; age 40.6 (10.8) years]. Neurological damage was parenchymal (n = 33, 80.5%) and non-parenchymal (n = 17, 41.5%). First BTs used were infliximab (n = 19), adalimumab (n = 14), golimumab (n = 3), tocilizumab (n = 3) and etanercept (n = 2). After 6 months of BT, neurological remission was complete (n = 23, 56.1%), partial (n = 15, 37.6%) and no response (n = 3, 7.3%). In addition, median (IQR) dose of oral prednisone decreased from 60 (30–60) mg/day at the initial visit to 5 (3.8–10) mg/day after 6 months (P Conclusions BT appears to be effective and relatively safe in refractory NBD.

Funding Information: We are grateful to Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., through MOSTMICRO-ITQB R&D Unit (UIDB/04612/2020, UIDP/04612/2020) and LS4FUTURE Associated Laboratory (LA/P/0087/2020). The NMR spectrometers at CERMAX are integrated in the national NMR Network and partially supported through project 022162. Oscar A. Lenis-Rojas acknowledge national funds through FCT, POPH-Programa Operacional Potencial Humano, and FSE (European Social Fund) for the CEEC 2017 Initiative. Additionally, this work is financed by national funds from FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences—UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy—i4HB. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Ruthenium(II) arene complexes exhibit promising chemotherapeutic properties. In this study, the effect of the counter anion in Ru(II) complexes was evaluated by analyzing the biological effect of two Ru(II) p-cymene derivatives with the 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione ligand of general-formula [(η6-arene)Ru(L)Cl][X] X = CF3SO3 (JHOR10) and PF6 (JHOR11). The biological activity of JHOR10 and JHOR11 was examined in the ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780, colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116, doxorubicin-resistant HCT116 (HCT116-Dox) and in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Both complexes JHOR10 and JHOR11 displayed an antiproliferative effect on A2780 and HCT116 cell lines, and low cytotoxicity in fibroblasts. Interestingly, JHOR11 also showed antiproliferative activity in the HCT116-Dox cancer cell line, while JHOR10 was inactive. Studies in A2780 cells showed that JHOR11 induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that trigger autophagy and cellular senescence, but no apoptosis induction. Further analysis showed that JHOR11 presented no tumorigenicity, with no effect in the cellular mobility, as evaluated by thye wound scratch assay, and no anti- or pro-angiogenic effect, as evaluated by the ex-ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Importantly, JHOR11 presented no toxicity in chicken and zebrafish embryos and reduced in vivo the proliferation of HCT116 injected into zebrafish embryos. These results show that these are suitable complexes for clinical applications with improved tumor cell cytotoxicity and low toxicity, and that counter-anion alteration might be a viable clinical strategy for improving chemotherapy outcomes in multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumors. publishersversion published

espanolLa variacion terminologica constituye un problema de traduccion frecuente que se da a nivel intralinguistico, por la existencia de distintos terminos para referirse al mismo concepto, como a nivel interlinguistico, por la existencia de distintos equivalentes de traduccion para un mismo termino. En este articulo se presenta una propuesta para desarrollar la competencia sobre variacion terminologica en estudiantes de traduccion e interpretacion en el marco de un proyecto de colaboracion entre universidades. El encargo consistio en documentar la base de datos VariMed, que contiene variantes denominativas de enfermedades en espanol e ingles, con las variantes empleadas en el espanol de Chile. Se planteo un escenario de ensenanza-aprendizaje colaborativo y situado, donde se simulo un entorno profesional basado en un encargo real. A traves del trabajo los estudiantes aprendieron la metodologia del trabajo terminologico puntual; y desarrollaron conocimiento teorico y practico sobre la variacion terminologica y su gestion en la traduccion. Como resultado del trabajo, los estudiantes elaboraron 1.170 fichas, 360 con variantes no registradas en VariMed. La propuesta didactica se evaluo mediante una encuesta y un informe autoevaluativo. Los estudiantes encontraron mayores dificultades en la compilacion de un corpus medico del espanol chileno, la identificacion de variantes terminologicas y la validacion con expertos. Por otro lado, los estudiantes reconocieron la utilidad del trabajo para su formacion como traductores/interpretes y valoraron muy positivamente su caracter situado, especialmente la colaboracion cientifica entre universidades. EnglishTerm variation is frequently a translation problem that manifests itself at the intralanguage level –given the existence of different term variants for the same concept and at the inter-language level– as a result of different translation equivalents for a term. This article presents a proposal for the development of term variation competence in student translators and interpreters in the framework of a collaboration project between universities. The assignment consisted on documenting the VariMed term base, containing synonyms of diseases in Spanish and English, with term variants used in Chilean Spanish. A situated and collaborative teaching-learning environment was proposed, where students had to carry out a real-life assignment in a simulated professional environment. Throughout the project, students learned the methodology of ad hoc terminology management, and developed practical and theoretical knowledge about term variation and its management in translation. As a result, students created 1170 term records, 360 corresponding to variants not yet registered in VariMed. The teaching proposal was evaluated by means of a questionnaire and a self-evaluation report. The most problems were reported in the compilation of a Chilean Spanish medical corpus, the identification of term variants and the expert validation phase. Furthermore, students found the learning experience useful for their training as translators/interpreters and evaluated positively its situated nature, especially the collaboration between universities.

espanolLos avances tecnologicos y las transformaciones sociales provocan la aparicion de nuevas unidades lexicas tanto especializadas como de lengua general, las que se difunden principalmente a traves de la prensa. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en investigar como las areas de especialidad contribuyen a enriquecer el lexico en espanol. Para ello, se analizaron neologismos de tres secciones del diario El Pais detectados entre 2003 y 2013, se identificaron neologismos terminologicos y no terminologicos, se determinaron las areas tematicas representadas, se compararon los procesos de formacion de estas unidades neologicas y se analizaron su inclusion en el DLE. Los resultados mostraron una difusion moderada de la terminologia a traves de la prensa, y diferencias entre ambos tipos de neologismos en cuanto a los procesos de formacion y su funcion en el discurso. Tambien se constato una contribucion importante de neologismos terminologicos al diccionario, lo que confirma el papel de la prensa en la desterminologizacion y difusion de estas unidades. EnglishSocial transformations and technological advances lead to the coining of new words, both in general and specialized languages, which are often disseminated to the general audience via the written press. This study is aimed at analyzing how subject-specific areas contribute to the enrichment of the Spanish lexicon. For that purpose, the neologisms of three sections of the Spanish newspaper El Pais between 2003 and 2013 were analyzed. The occurrence of terminological and non-terminological neologisms from different subject-fields was compared, and the inclusion of these lexical units in the Diccionario de la Lengua Espanola (RAE) was examined. Results showed a moderate dissemination of terminology through the press, differences between both types of neologisms with regard to the formation processes and their function in discourse. Finally, an important contribution of terminological neologisms to the dictionary was observed, therefore confirming the role of the press in the determinologization and dissemination of these units.

Resumen Objetivo Conocer las fuentes de las que los pacientes espanoles con enfermedades reumaticas tratados con farmacos biologicos subcutaneos obtienen informacion, cuales consideran mas relevantes y su satisfaccion con la informacion recibida en el hospital. Metodos Reumatologos de 50 hospitales entregaron una encuesta anonima, desarrollada ad hoc por 4 reumatologos y 3 pacientes, a 20 pacientes consecutivos con artritis reumatoide, espondiloartritis axial o artritis psoriasica tratados con biologicos subcutaneos. La encuesta incluyo preguntas con respuestas cerradas sobre los aspectos mencionados previamente. Resultados Recibieron la encuesta 1.000 pacientes, 592 la devolvieron cumplimentada (tasa de respuesta: 59,2%). El reumatologo fue mencionado como la fuente de informacion mas importante (75%), seguido del medico de atencion primaria, la enfermeria y los recursos electronicos. El 45,2% recibio informacion oral y por escrito sobre el biologico, el 46,1% solo oral, el 6% solo por escrito. Un 8,7% declaro no haber sido ensenado a inyectarse el biologico. El porcentaje de pacientes satisfechos con la informacion recibida fue elevado (87,2%), aunque la satisfaccion fue menor en temas relacionados con la seguridad. Si la informacion provenia del reumatologo, la satisfaccion era mayor (89,6%) que cuando provenia de otras vias (59,6%; p Conclusiones El reumatologo es clave a la hora de transmitir informacion satisfactoria al paciente en tratamiento biologico. Debe ademas actuar de guia, ya que un elevado porcentaje busca informacion en fuentes distintas.

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal analizar -desde una perspectiva diacrónica- la productividad de los procedimientos de creación de nombres en mapudungún, partiendo de la hipótesis de que los resultados constatados en periodos de menor contacto con el español exhibirán mayor genuinidad lingüística que los constatados en periodos de un contacto más intenso. Para cumplir este objetivo analizamos los procedimientos de creación de 2.779 nombres, los que clasificamos en tres grupos según su primera fuente de registro: el de registro temprano, compuesto por 274 unidades documentadas en Valdivia (1606); el de registro intermedio, compuesto por 855 unidades documentadas en Febrés ([1765] 1882), y el de registro reciente, compuesto por 1.650 unidades documentadas en Augusta (1916). El análisis de estos tres grupos muestra que ciertos procedimientos mantienen una productividad alta a lo largo del tiempo (composición y derivación), mientras que otros pierden productividad (conversión sintáctica, procedimientos semánticos y préstamos) y otros se mantienen como procedimientos poco productivos (onomatopeya, reduplicación, sintagmación, acortamiento y derivación regresiva). Por otro lado, se constata que, con el paso del tiempo, la creación de nombres en mapudungún pasó de una situación caracterizada por el empleo de diversos procedimientos de productividad alta a otra, que estimamos menos genuina, caracterizada por la concentración de este grado de productividad en unos pocos recursos. Tales resultados podrían servir de base para una política de planificación del léxico que aspire a favorecer la implantación de las nuevas unidades y a fortalecer la identidad lingüística de los hablantes de esta lengua. The main objective of this research is to analyze -from a diachronic perspective- the productivity of the processes of noun formation in Mapudungun, based on the hypothesis that the processes observed in periods of less contact with Spanish will exhibit greater linguistic genuineness than those found in periods where contact is more intense. For this purpose, we analyzed the formation process of 2,779 nouns, classified into three groups according to their primary source of record: early period, composed of 274 units documented in Valdivia (1606); intermediate period, comprising 855 units documented in Febrés ([1765] 1882); and recent period, which includes 1,650 units documented in Augusta (1916). The analysis reveals that certain processes remain highly productive across the periods (compounding and derivation), others lose productivity (syntactic conversion, semantic changes and borrowing), and others remain unproductive over time (onomatopoeia, reduplication, syntagmatic compounding, clipping and regressive derivation). Furthermore, it is observed that noun formation evolved along time from a situation characterized by a high degree of productivity of several formation processes to another situation in which productivity concentrated on a shorter number of procedures, implying a genuinity loss in our opinion. These results could serve as a basis for the policy planning of a lexicon that aims to encourage the establishment of new units and to strengthen the linguistic identity of the speakers of this language. Esta investigación ha sido financiada por las becas de doctorado del Programa BECASCHILE, convocatoria 2010, del Fondo Nacional de Fomento del Libro y la Lectura, convocatoria 2016, y por la beca postdoctoral DI/2018 de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Agradecemos la colaboración de Fernando Zúñiga durante todo el desarrollo de este trabajo.

Este estudio de caso en un aula de tercero de educación infantil (23 niñas y niños, 5-6 años, y su maestra) examina la evolución de las explicaciones del alumnado sobre cambios de estado líquido-gas a lo largo de cinco meses de un proyecto escolar de ciencias. Para construir sus explicaciones movilizaron tanto su conocimiento cotidiano como el conocimiento científico escolar. Desarrollaron la capacidad de aplicar el vocabulario científico para explicar sus experiencias cotidianas. El fenómeno de evaporación fue identificado y explicado por el alumnado con mayor facilidad que el fenómeno de condensación. Proponemos una rúbrica para analizar la construcción de explicaciones. Las implicaciones educativas sugieren que es recomendable iniciar el estudio de los cambios de estado en educación infantil, ya que el alumnado reconoce estos fenómenos, los relaciona con su conocimiento cotidiano y es capaz de construir explicaciones que pueden servir de base para desarrollar otras más complejas. This case study in a third year Early Childhood Education (ECE) classroom (23 children, 5-6 years old) and their teacher examines the evolution in children's explanations about state changes between liquid and gas in the course of a school science project that laste d for five months. They mobilized both their everyday and school science knowledge in order to build explanations. They developed the ability to apply scientific vocabulary to account for their everyday experiences. Children identified the phenomenon of ev aporation more easily than the condensation. We propose a rubric for the analysis of the construction of explanations. Educational implications suggest that state changes should be addressed from ECE, since children are able to identify these phenomena, r elate them to their everyday knowledge and build explanations about them, which may serve as a basis for developing more complex ones. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) financió tanto el contrato de formación predoctoral de Sabela F. Monteira, código BES-2013-062873 (asociado al proyecto EDU2012-38022-C02-01); como el proyecto EDU2015-6643-C2-2-P SI

La traducción de textos especializados requiere de competencias específicas que apuntan, fundamentalmente, a adquirir conocimiento sobre la materia, sobre la terminología y sobre los géneros textuales y las convenciones estilísticas de los textos fuente y meta. En este proceso, la documentación especializada es fundamental pues permite compensar la falta de conocimiento experto mediante la búsqueda de información en fuentes documentales especializadas y resolver gran parte de los problemas de traducción. En este artículo se investiga el desarrollo de la competencia de documentación especializada en estudiantes de traducción inglés-español de una universidad chilena a lo largo de su formación. Estudiantes de segundo, tercero y cuarto año realizaron dos tareas de documentación temática y terminológica asociadas a la traducción de un artículo científico de medicina. Los resultados mostraron que, conforme avanza la formación, los estudiantes identifican fuentes más pertinentes, juzgan mejor su fiabilidad y aplican estrategias de búsqueda más complejas asociadas a las distintas fases de la traducción. El mejor desempeño del grupo avanzado con respecto a los otros dos se atribuye a su mayor experiencia en la práctica de la traducción especializada.

Objective To assess the efficacy of abatacept (ABA) in RA patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) (RA-ILD). Methods This was an observational, multicentre study of RA-ILD patients treated with at least one dose of ABA. ILD was diagnosed by high-resolution CT (HRCT). We analysed the following variables at baseline (ABA initiation), 12 months and at the end of the follow-up: Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) scale (1-point change), forced vital capacity (FVC) or diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (improvement or worsening ≥10%), HRCT, DAS on 28 joints evaluated using the ESR (DAS28ESR) and CS-sparing effect. Results We studied 263 RA-ILD patients [150 women/113 men; mean (s.d.) age 64.6 (10) years]. At baseline, they had a median duration of ILD of 1 (interquartile range 0.25–3.44) years, moderate or severe degree of dyspnoea (MMRC grade 2, 3 or 4) (40.3%), FVC (% of the predicted) mean (s.d.) 85.9 (21.8)%, DLCO (% of the predicted) 65.7 (18.3) and DAS28ESR 4.5 (1.5). The ILD patterns were: usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (40.3%), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (31.9%) and others (27.8%). ABA was prescribed at standard dose, i.v. (25.5%) or s.c. (74.5%). After a median follow-up of 12 (6–36) months the following variables did not show worsening: dyspnoea (MMRC) (91.9%); FVC (87.7%); DLCO (90.6%); and chest HRCT (76.6%). A significant improvement of DAS28ESR from 4.5 (1.5) to 3.1 (1.3) at the end of follow-up (P Conclusion ABA may be an effective and safe treatment for patients with RA-ILD.

This contribution reports the organization and celebration after the Covid-19 pandemic of a singular scientific conference focused on early-career researchers from the Spanish universities of Santiago de Compostela and Salamanca: the “I Northwest Meeting of Young Researchers in Optics (I NW MYRO)”.

Cet article explore l’utilité cognitive de la variation terminologique, plus particulièrement son rôle dans la construction et transmission des connaissances spécialisées dans les textes. À cette fin, nous analysons la variation dénominative explicite – introduite par des marques discursives d’équivalence – dans un corpus composé de 300 textes du domaine de la lexicographie écrits en portugais brésilien. Nous avons développé une analyse sémantique cognitive en deux étapes. Premièrement, nous avons analysé les modèles de spécification conceptuelle reflétés dans les variantes (Kageura 2002), ce qui nous a permis de visualiser les différents points de vue sur les concepts fournis à travers la variation. Deuxièmement, nous avons analysé la distance sémantique entre le terme de référence et les variantes dénominatives (Fernández-Silva 2016), de façon à quantifier le degré d’informativité de la variation dénominative. Les résultats montrent que la variation reflète la multidimensionnalité de la structuration conceptuelle, où différentes perspectives de catégorisation d’un même concept peuvent cohabiter dans les textes. Par ailleurs, nous avons constaté que dans 85 % des cas analysés, la variation dénominative fournit des informations supplémentaires sur les concepts, concrètement sur les caractéristiques internes et les relations avec d’autres concepts du domaine. En conclusion, cette étude appuie la thèse selon laquelle la variation terminologique aurait une utilité cognitive, car elle permet de mettre en valeur différentes dimensions du contenu conceptuel et, par ce moyen, construire une représentation enrichie des connaissances spécialisées dans les textes., This article explores the cognitive function of terminological variation, specifically its contribution to the construction and transfer of specialized knowledge in texts. For that purpose, explicit term variation – introduced by equivalence markers – was analysed in a corpus of 300 texts about lexicography written in Brasilian Portuguese. A cognitive semantic analysis was carried out in two steps: first, a description of the conceptual specification patterns (Kageura 2002) of variants allowed us to identify how different viewpoints on the concepts are provided by terminological variation. Second, variants were classified according to the degree of semantic distance from the base term (Fernández-Silva 2016) in order to quantify the informativity degree of term variation. Results showed that term variation reflects the multidimensionality of conceptual structuring, where different perspectives on the same concept cohabitate in texts. Furthermore, 85% of term variants provide additional information on the concept, specifically about its internal features and the relationships that it establishes with other concepts within the field. In conclusion, this study supports the thesis that term variation can be used as a cognitive device. It makes it possible to depict different aspects of the conceptual content and, in turn, contributes to a richer representation of knowledge in texts., En este artículo exploramos la función cognitiva de la variación terminológica y, específicamente, su papel en la construcción y transmisión del conocimiento especializado en los textos. Para ello, analizamos la variación denominativa explícita – identificada mediante marcadores discursivos de equivalencia – en un corpus de 300 textos sobre lexicografía escritos en portugués de Brasil. Llevamos a cabo un análisis semántico-cognitivo en dos etapas: primero, analizamos los patrones de especificación conceptual de las variantes (Kageura 2002), lo cual nos permitió describir los distintos puntos de vista sobre los conceptos proporcionados a través de la variación. En segundo lugar, analizamos la distancia semántica entre el término de referencia y las variantes denominativas (Fernández-Silva 2016), lo cual nos permitió cuantificar el grado de informatividad de la variación denominativa. Los resultados mostraron, por un lado, que la variación denominativa refleja el carácter multidimensional de la estructuración conceptual, donde conviven diferentes perspectivas de categorización de un mismo concepto; y por otro, que las variantes denominativas aportan información adicional sobre los conceptos en un 85% de los casos analizados, concretamente información sobre las características internas del concepto y sobre su relación con otros conceptos del ámbito. Este estudio apoya la tesis de que la variación denominativa desempeña una función cognitiva, puesto que permite poner de relieve diferentes aspectos del contenido conceptual y, de este modo, construir una representación enriquecida del conocimiento en los textos.

Patients' beliefs about their prescribed medication are an important factor influencing intentional non-adherence. This study describes rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients' beliefs about their subcutaneous (SC) biological medication through the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ), and potential associations. As part of the ARCO study (Study on Adherence of Rheumatoid arthritis patients to subCutaneous and Oral drugs), patients completed the BMQ specifically for their SC biological medication, encompassing a necessity and a concerns scale. The medication possession ratio (MPR) was calculated to assess adherence to the SC biological medication. The BMQ was completed by 321 patients. Between 71.0 and 89.7% of patients agreed/strongly agreed with necessity scale statements, and only 7.2% had low necessity scores. Between 20.0 and 49.8% of patients agreed/strongly agreed with four of five concern scale statements, and 72.3% agreed/strongly agreed with the concern statement regarding long-term medication effects. The percentage with high concerns was 58.9%, and was higher in patients not satisfied with, or with less fulfillment of, tolerability expectations. Non-adherence percentages were, respectively, 13.8 and 13.0% (p = 0.919) in those with high or low necessity, and 16.0 and 10.6% (p = 0.171) in those with high or low concerns. Most patients were categorized as 'ambivalent' (58.5%; high necessity/high concerns) or 'accepting' (36.1%; high necessity/low concerns) of their SC biological medication. The BMQ identified patients' concerns with their SC biological medication. Because patients' concerns could influence non-adherence to medication and future outcomes, physicians should address this issue in the clinic by informing patients and setting clear expectations.

This article reports a study about the behavior and functions of term variation in research articles (RAs) in Geology and Psychology. The aim of the study was twofold: first, to investigate the role of intra-textual term variation as a device for the representation and transfer of specialized knowledge; second, to explore whether there are disciplinary differences and whether these differences can be chalked up to different perceptions of this phenomenon among subject field experts. Two methods of data collection were combined: corpus-based analysis of 38 RAs in Spanish; and semi-structured interviews with six experts. Results show that the incidence of term variation is higher in Psychology, although both groups manifested a positive attitude toward variation. Corpus analysis and interviews confirm that term variation is used as a cognitive device, to provide information about the concept’s characteristics and relationships with other concepts; and as a communicative device to avoid repetition, to accommodate to the audience and to generalize. In sum, term variation proves to be an important device for constructing and communicating specialized knowledge for both disciplines.

Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a debilitating chronic condition that affects the large intestine and courses with episodes of flare and remission, being steroid-free remission the main treatment goal. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of self-medication with analgesics, and its associated factors in a Spanish cohort of UC patients. Methods An anonymous cross-sectional survey was developed by 3 IBD experts from the Spanish working group on Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU), one nurse of the Spanish nursing working group on inflammatory bowel disease (GETEII) and two patients from the Spanish confederation of associations of patients with CD and UC (ACCU). A link to the online survey was distributed to the ACCU affiliates and to other adult patients with UC through 50 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) units from Spain. Participants voluntarily answered to the survey based on their own experiences during the last year. Results We collected data from 546 patients, 61% women, mean age 40 years old. Of these, 51% patients were followed-up by IBD specialists and 47% by a general gastroenterologist. Patients’ self-reported disease activity during the last year was: 125 (23%) inactive, 188 (34%) mild, 170 (31%) moderate and 63 (12%) severe. Visits to the emergency room (24%), urgent telephone calls (43%) and hospital admissions (10%) were reported by patients during the last year. A total of 320 (59%) patients declared to have self-medicated with analgesics during the past year, mostly with paracetamol [n = 247 (45%)] and metamizole [118 (22%)], followed by ibuprofen [26 (5%)] and codeine [23 (4%)]. The frequency of self-medication was higher in those patients who declared having a moderate (57%) to severe (65%) disease activity, compared with those who felt their disease was mild (45%) or inactive (39%), (p < 0.001). In addition, patients who needed urgent telephone assistance showed a higher frequency of self-medication (n = 139, 59%) [OR 2 (95% CI:1–3), p < 0.001]. Multivariate analysis revealed that self-medication with analgesics was associated to female gender [OR 2 (95% CI: 1–3), p < 0.001], intravenous (IV) biological therapy [OR 3 (95% CI: 2–5), p < 0.001] and visits to the emergency room [OR 3 (95% CI: 2–4), p < 0.001]. Conclusion Self-medication with analgesics is a common practice in patients with UC from Spain. Factors like being a woman, treatment with IV biological drugs, needing urgent telephone assistance and attending to the emergency room, were associated with self-medication with analgesics. This project was endorsed by GETECCU, GETEII, ACCU and funded by MSD Spain.

Background Medical treatment of mild-to-moderate flares of ulcerative colitis (UC) is based on topical and oral mesalazine, steroids or a combination of both. Sometimes self-medication with any of them can occur during a flare and it could interfere with clinical practice. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of self-medication with steroids in UC-patients and the reasons for this behaviour. Methods An anonymous cross-sectional survey was developed by representatives of the Spanish working group on Crohn’s disease and UC (GETECCU), the Spanish nursing working group on Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (GETEII) and the Spanish associations of patients with CD and UC (ACCU). A link to the online survey was distributed to adult UC patients through 50 Spanish IBD units as well as in the ACCU webpage. Participants voluntarily answered to the survey based on their own experiences. Results A total of 546 patients were included, 61% women, mean age 40 years old. Half of them (51%) were followed-up by IBD specialists, while 47% by general gastroenterologists. Thirty-six (6.6%) patients self-medicated with steroids. The main reasons to self-medicate with steroids were the need for quick relief of symptoms (n = 20, 56%), fear of worsening (n = 17, 47%) and difficulty for getting a medical appointment or being previously prescribed by the doctor (n = 9, 25%, both). Sixty-four per cent of them self-medicate once per year, while 8% self-medicate more than three times per year. Of these patients, 175 (32%) reported that self-medication lasted less than one month, while in 9 (18%) lasted for more than 3 months. Factors related to self-medication with steroids were the increased number of flares (p < 0.001), living with someone who uses oral steroids (p = 0.04), keeping the steroids left after finishing the treatment (p < 0.001), and prescription of corticosteroids in case of worsening by the primary care doctor (p = 0.02). Self-medication was less frequent in those patients who were attended by an IBD specialist (11, 3%), compared of those followed by an internal medicine physician (2, 33%), (p = 0.007), or by a general gastroenterologist (n = 23, 9%), (p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis showed that a higher number of flares [OR 7 (95% CI: 1–32), p < 0.001] and being attended by a general gastroenterologist [OR 0.08 (95% CI=0.01–0.5), p = 0.007] were both associated with a greater frequency of self-medication. Conclusion Self-medication with steroids is not a common practice in patients with UC from Spain. However, there is still room for improvement in clinical practice. Characteristics of the healthcare system and the disease may influence the rate of self-medication in UC patients. This project was endorsed by GETECCU, GETEII, ACCU and funded by MSD Spain.

Supplemental digital content is available in the text., Background Patients' experience with health care is becoming a key component for the provision of a patient-centered health care model. The aim of this study was to assess the experience with health care of patients with inflammatory arthritis and patient- and health care–related factors. Methods Patients responded to an anonymous survey provided by their treating clinical teams. The survey comprised the validated 12-item IEXPAC (Instrument to Evaluate the EXperience of PAtients with Chronic diseases) tool and demographic variables and health care–related characteristics that may affect patients' experience. Results A total of 359 of 625 surveys were returned (response rate, 57.4%). Overall, patient responses were positive (>60% gave “always/mostly” answers) for statements assessing the interaction between patients and health care professionals or patient self-management following health care professional guidance. However, positive patient responses for items regarding patient interaction with the health care system via the internet or with other patients were less than 13%. Only 25.6% of patients who had been hospitalized reported receiving a follow-up call or visit following discharge. In the bivariate analysis, experience scores were higher (better experience) in men, those seen by fewer specialists or by the same physician, and in patients treated with a fewer number of drugs or with subcutaneous/intravenous drugs. Multivariate analyses identified regular follow-up by the same physician and treatment with subcutaneous/intravenous drugs as variables associated with a better patient experience. Conclusions This study identifies areas of care for patients with inflammatory arthritis with the potential to improve patients' experience and highlights the importance of patient-physician relationships and comprehensive patient care.

Background Non-adherence to medication may lead to poorer clinical outcomes and should be prevented. Objectives We describe the frequency of non-adherence behaviors in patients with rheumatic diseases and its relationship to potentially modifiable variables. Methods Data were obtained through an anonymous survey handed to patients by physicians or nurses from 25 rheumatology clinics from Spain. Patients completed the survey anonymously at home and returned it by pre-paid post mail. Five different non-adherence behaviors were defined. Co-variables analyzed were patients’ demographics, medication characteristics, experience with healthcare (assessed with IEXPAC “Instrument to Evaluate the EXperience of PAtients with Chronic diseases” scoring 0 [worst] to 10 [best experience]), and beliefs in medicines (Beliefs About Medicines Questionnaire [BMQ], composed of a necessity and a concerns subscales and scoring -20 [weaker] to +20 [stronger beliefs]). Variables associated to non-adherence were studied with a multivariate logistic regression model. Results The survey was handed to 625 patients with rheumatic diseases, of which 336 (53.8%) returned it with the necessary data completed (mean age 55 [14] years, 64% women). Of them, 188 (56.0%) described at least one non-adherence behavior. The frequencies of the specific non-adherence behaviors were: 1) Forgetfulness in taking medication: 28.6%; 2) Taking medication at unscheduled hours: 5.6%; 3) Stopping medication when feeling well: 10.1%; 4) Stopping medication when feeling sick: 33.0% and 5) Stopping medication after reading the patients’ information leaflet: 11.5%. The frequency of at least one non-adherence behavior was similar by age, gender, educational level, working status or by number of medicines. It was slightly higher in patients needing to take their medication 3-4 times a day (63.2%) versus 1-2 times a day (52.4%, p= 0.089). IEXPAC scores were similar in patients with or without non-adherence behaviors (5.5 [2.0] in both groups, p= 0.960). BMQ overall score was lower in patients with non-adherence behaviors (4.3 versus 6.5 in those without non-adherence behaviors, p= 0.001). The frequency of non-adherence behaviors did not differ by quartiles of IEXPAC score, but it was higher in patients with lower BMQ score (Q1: 59.5%, Q2: 65.9%, Q3: 54.3%, Q4: 52.0%, p-trend = 0.014). The multivariate model (table) confirmed a relationship of non-adherence behaviors with lower BMQ beliefs scores. Conclusion Non-adherence behaviors are frequent in patients with rheumatic diseases and are mainly associated to patients’ beliefs in their medications (assessed with BMQ). This is an important aspect that can be addressed by clinical teams to improve adherence and clinical outcomes. Acknowledgement: Funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme of Spain and endorsed by 4 patients associations: ACCU, CONARTRITIS, SEISIDA, FEDE. Disclosure of Interests Maria L. Garcia Vivar: None declared, Javier de Toro-Santos: None declared, Lucia Pantoja: None declared, Cristina Lerin Lozano: None declared, Silvia Garcia-Diaz: None declared, Sabela Fernandez Employee of: MSD, Yvonne Mestre Employee of: MSD, Lidia Feo-Lucas Employee of: MSD, Luis Cea-Calvo Employee of: MSD

Background Tocilizumab (TCZ) has been approved for the treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA). It showed to be effective to induce remission, prevent relapses and decrease the cumulative prednisone dose. However, the glucocorticoids are the mainstay in the acute treatment of GCA. Objectives Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of the initial dose of prednisone at the onset of TCZ treatment. Methods Retrospective, multicenter study on 134 patients with GCA in treatment with TCZ. We compared two subgroups of patients according to the initial dose of prednisone at TCZ onset. Clinical efficacy, analytical improvement and safety was studied. Results We studied 134 patients (101 w/33 m) and made a comparative study between 2 groups: a) TCZ and ≤ 15 mg of prednisone; 68 (50.7%) cases, and b) TCZ and > 15 mg of prednisone, 66 (49,3%) patients. It is summarized in TABLE 1. It was no statistical significance according to age, sex and evolution time of disease. In the group receiving > 15 mg of prednisone, the patients presented more visual involvement (p 15 mg of prednisone (p=0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). TABLE 2 summarizes the infections of our patients. Conclusion According with our results, we can conclude that TCZ is equally effective; in terms of prolonged remission and relapses, with doses ≤ 15 mg of prednisone at treatment onset. Being the most important data, the higher risk to develop adverse effects, as well as infections with higher doses of prednisone. References [1] Proven A. Glucocorticoid therapy in giant cell arteritis: duration and adverse outcomes. Arthritis Rheum. 2003; 49:703-8. [2] Calderon-Goercke M. Tocilizumab in giant cell arteritis. Observational, open-label multicenter study of 134 patients in clinical practice. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019 Jan 5. pii: S0049-0172(18)30571-7. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.01.003. [Epub ahead of print] Disclosure of Interests Monica Calderon-Goercke: None declared, J. Loricera: None declared, D. Prieto-Pena: None declared, Vicente Aldasoro: None declared, Santos Castaneda Consultant for: Amgen, BMS, Pfizer, Lilly, MSD, Roche, Sanofi, UCB, Ignacio Villa-Blanco: None declared, Alicia Humbria: None declared, Clara Moriano: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, J. Narvaez Consultant for: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Catalina Gomez-Arango: None declared, Eva Perez-Pampin: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Elena Becerra-Fernandez: None declared, Marcelino Revenga: None declared, Noelia Alvarez-Rivas: None declared, Carles Galisteo: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, Alejandro Olive: None declared, Maria Alvarez del Buergo: None declared, Luisa Marena Rojas: None declared, Carlos Fernandez-Lopez: None declared, Francisco Navarro: None declared, Enrique Raya: None declared, Eva Galindez: None declared, Beatriz Arca: None declared, Roser Solans-Laque: None declared, Arantxa Conesa: None declared, Cristina Hidalgo: None declared, Carlos Vazquez: None declared, Jose Andres Roman-Ivorra: None declared, Pau Lluch: None declared, Sara Manrique Arija Speakers bureau: ABBvie, MSD, Janssen, Lillly, Roche, Pfyzer, Novartis., Paloma Vela-Casasempere Grant/research support from: UCB, Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myer-Squibb (another research, not BIOBADASER related), Consultant for: UCB, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myer-Squibb, Speakers bureau: Roche, UCB, MSD, Pfizer, GSK, BMS, Lilly, Eugenio de Miguel: None declared, Carmen Torres-Martin: None declared, Juan Carlos Nieto: None declared, Carmen Ordas-Calvo: None declared, Eva Salgado-Perez: None declared, Cristina Luna-Gomez: None declared, Francisco J. Toyos Saenz de Miera: None declared, Nagore Fernandez-Llanio: None declared, Antonio Garcia: None declared, Carmen Larena: None declared, Natalia Palmou-Fontana: None declared, Vanesa Calvo-Rio: None declared, Carmen Gonzalez-Vela: None declared, Alfonso Corrales: None declared, Maria Varela-Garcia: None declared, Elena Aurrecoechea: None declared, Raquel Dos-Santos: None declared, Angel Garcia-Manzanares: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Sabela Fernandez: None declared, Francisco Ortiz-Sanjuan: None declared, Montserrat Corteguera: None declared, J. Luis Hernandez: None declared, Miguel A Gonzalez-Gay Grant/research support from: Prof. MA Gonzalez-Gay received grants/research supports from Abbvie, MSD, Jansen and Roche., Speakers bureau: Consultation fees/participation in company sponsored speaker’s bureau from Pfizer, Lilly, Sobi, Celgene, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi., Ricardo Blanco Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, and Roche, Consultant for: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen

Background In Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) two dominant cytokine clusters have been linked to disease activity, IL-6 – IL-17 axis (Th17) and IL-12 – IFN γ axis (Th1). The first one related to systemic symptoms and the second route responsible for ischemic symptoms. Tocilizumab (TCZ) performs its effect mainly by inhibiting Th17 axis and terminally Th1 route. Objectives Our aim was to evaluate the effect of TCZ on ischemic and systemic symptoms throughout the follow-up. Methods Retrospective, multicenter study of 134 patients diagnosed of GCA on treatment with TCZ. We evaluate the efficacy of TCZ by improving ischemic (visual involvement, headache, jaw claudication) and systemic symptoms (fever, constitutional syndrome, polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)). Results We evaluated 134 patients (101 w/33 m) and its main symptoms at TCZ onset, TABLE. 73 (54.5%) patients presented PMR followed by headache in 70 (52.2%) cases, constitutional syndrome in 31 (23.1%) and visual involvement in 28 (20.9%) patients. After one month of treatment there was an important clinical improvement, persisting in 13,6% of patients PMR, 10.6% headache and 10.6% visual involvement. Throughout the follow-up, the improvement of ischemic symptoms was slower. At month 12, in 5.6% (4) of patients persisted with visual impairment, and 2.8% (2) patients presented headache and constitutional syndrome. However, the analytical improvement was statistically significant from the first month and sustained during follow-up. Conclusion According to the results of our study, we can conclude that in clinical practice, ischemic symptoms take longer to improve than systemic symptoms; being visual affectation the most frequent symptom after 12 months of follow-up. References [1] Soriano A, Muratore F, Pipitone N, Boiardi L, Cimino L, Salvarani C. Visual loss and other cranial ischaemic complications in giant cell arteritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017; 13:476-84. [2] Ciccia F, Rizzo A, Ferrante A, Guggino G, Croci S, Cavazza A, et al. New insights into the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis. Autoimmun Rev. 2017; 16:675-83. [3] Calderon-Goercke M. Tocilizumab in giant cell arteritis. Observational, open-label multicenter study of 134 patients in clinical practice. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019Jan5. pii: S0049-0172(18)30571-7. Doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.01.003. [Epub ahead of print] Disclosure of Interests Monica Calderon-Goercke: None declared, J. Loricera: None declared, D. Prieto-Pena: None declared, Vicente Aldasoro: None declared, Santos Castaneda Consultant for: Amgen, BMS, Pfizer, Lilly, MSD, Roche, Sanofi, UCB, Ignacio Villa-Blanco: None declared, Alicia Humbria: None declared, Clara Moriano: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, J. Narvaez Consultant for: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Catalina Gomez-Arango: None declared, Eva Perez-Pampin: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Elena Becerra-Fernandez: None declared, Marcelino Revenga: None declared, Noelia Alvarez-Rivas: None declared, Carles Galisteo: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, Alejandro Olive: None declared, Maria Alvarez del Buergo: None declared, Luisa Marena Rojas: None declared, Carlos Fernandez-Lopez: None declared, Francisco Navarro: None declared, Enrique Raya: None declared, Eva Galindez: None declared, Beatriz Arca: None declared, Roser Solans-Laque: None declared, Arantxa Conesa: None declared, Cristina Hidalgo: None declared, Carlos Vazquez: None declared, Jose Andres Roman-Ivorra: None declared, Pau Lluch: None declared, Sara Manrique Arija Speakers bureau: ABBvie, MSD, Janssen, Lillly, Roche, Pfyzer, Novartis., Paloma Vela-Casasempere Grant/research support from: UCB, Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myer-Squibb (another research, not BIOBADASER related), Consultant for: UCB, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myer-Squibb, Speakers bureau: Roche, UCB, MSD, Pfizer, GSK, BMS, Lilly, Eugenio de Miguel: None declared, Carmen Torres-Martin: None declared, Juan Carlos Nieto: None declared, Carmen Ordas-Calvo: None declared, Eva Salgado-Perez: None declared, Cristina Luna-Gomez: None declared, Francisco J. Toyos Saenz de Miera: None declared, Nagore Fernandez-Llanio: None declared, Antonio Garcia: None declared, Carmen Larena: None declared, Natalia Palmou-Fontana: None declared, Vanesa Calvo-Rio: None declared, Carmen Gonzalez-Vela: None declared, Alfonso Corrales: None declared, Maria Varela-Garcia: None declared, Elena Aurrecoechea: None declared, Raquel Dos-Santos: None declared, Angel Garcia-Manzanares: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Sabela Fernandez: None declared, Francisco Ortiz-Sanjuan: None declared, Montserrat Corteguera: None declared, J. Luis Hernandez: None declared, Miguel A Gonzalez-Gay Grant/research support from: Prof. MA Gonzalez-Gay received grants/research supports from Abbvie, MSD, Jansen and Roche., Speakers bureau: Consultation fees/participation in company sponsored speaker’s bureau from Pfizer, Lilly, Sobi, Celgene, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi., Ricardo Blanco Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, and Roche, Consultant for: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen

Background Giant cell arteritis (GCA) can be refractory to corticosteroid therapy. Tocilizumab (TCZ) has been approved in the treatment of GCA. There are no studies comparing the efficacy and safety when using TCZ as monotherapy or in combination with conventional immunosuppressive drugs in GCA. Objectives Our aim was to compare efficacy and safety of TCZ combined or in monotherapy in GCA. Methods Multicenter study on 134 patients with refractory GCA who received TCZ therapy as monotherapy or combined with conventional immunosuppressants. Prolonged remission, absence of clinical symptoms and signs and normalization of the acute phase reactants for at least 6 months. Relapse, recurrence of signs or symptoms of GCA and/or ESR >20 mm/h in men or >25 mm/h in women, and/or serum CRP >0.5 mg/dL related to GCA, both before and after starting TCZ therapy. Results We evaluated 134 patients (101 w/33 m) with a mean age of 73.0±8.8 years. TCZ was prescribed as monotherapy in 82 (62.2%) cases and combined with conventional immunosuppressants in 52 (38.8%) patients: MTX (n=48), AZA (n=3), and LFN (n=1). A comparative study between both groups is summarized in TABLE. Patients who received combined TCZ were younger and had a higher C-reactive protein (CRP) and a higher presence of aortitis in imaging techniques. After TCZ was started, prolonged remission was reached with combined therapy (statistical significance at 12 and 24 months). The corticosteroids sparing effect was similar in both groups. And in terms of side effects no significant difference was seen between TCZ as monotherapy or combined with conventional immunosuppressants. Conclusion Patients receiving combined conventional immunosuppressants with TCZ in the clinical practice study showed a higher prolonged remission. The incidence of serious infections and/or relevant adverse events was not affected according to the treatment. As well as the corticoid-sparing effect was achieved in the same way in both groups. References [1] Goercke .Calderon-M. Tocilizumab in giant cell arteritis. Observational, open-label multicenter study of 134 patients in clinical practice. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019 Jan 5. pii: S0049-0172(18)30571-7. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.01.003. [Epub ahead of print] [2] Loricera J et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum.2015;44:717-723

Background Currently available evidence indicates that a single switch from a bio-originator to one of its biosimilars is safe and effective and has cost benefits to the National Health Systems. However, there is some reluctance to switch patients due to lack of real-world data and differences between patients treated in the setting of real clinical practice and those of clinical trials Objectives We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Etanercept-biosimilar (SB4), in a non-medical switch in patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) Methods At Cabuenes Hospital a non-medical switch from Etanercept (ETN) to SB4 was carried out in March 2018. Inflammatory arthritis patients (rheumatoid arthritis (AR), psoriatic arthritis (APS), axial spondyloarthritis (AS), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)) were included in this single-center retrospective observational study from March 2018 to December 2018. Reasons for SB4 withdrawal were categorized as lack of effect (LOE), adverse events (AE) or others. Results A total of 117 patients were identified, 100% were switched to SB4 maintaining the same dose. Disease duration was 5 (2–8,5) years. 49 patients (41%) had basal optimized dose of ETN (dose down-titration or dose interval expansion). In most patients ETN was the first biologic. 31 patients (26%) stopped SB4 treatment during follow-up, mainly due to LOE (67%) or AE (25%), with median duration of SB4 3,5 months (1,9-5,9). Most AE that led to withdrawal were dermatological (injection-site reactions, skin rash). 11 patients switched back to ETN, 15 to others. Two patients died, both were APS (one sudden death and one aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage). After switching to SB4, one stable patient with AS had recurrent acute anterior uveitis, and psoriasis worsening were noted in 2 patients with APS. 2 patients needed reinstatement of the full dose of biologic because of LOE. The clinical situation on ETN was stable in 23 of the 31 (74%) patients who stopped SB4 (no flares or changes in treatment in the last 6 months before switch). Table 1 summarizes baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes. Conclusion Biosimilar switch of SB4 was successful in over 74% of cases and was well tolerated. Most patients who stopped SB4 due to LOE had a clinical stable situation in this observational study. Some concerns regarding the safety profile and interchangeability have raised and further evidence on the efficacy of transitioning from reference ETN is needed. References [1] Kay J, Schoels MM, Dorner T, et al. Ann Rheum Dis2018;77:165-174 [2] Emery P, Vencovsky J, Sylwestrzak A, et al. Ann Rheum Dis2017;76:51–57 [3] Glintborg B, et al. Ann Rheum Dis2019Feb;78(2):192-200 Disclosure of Interests None declared

Background The experience of patients with healthcare has been associated to important outcomes. Objectives We describe the experience with healthcare of patients with rheumatic diseases from Spain self-reported through IEXPAC, a validated questionnaire, and the influence of demographic and health care-related factors. Methods The IEXPAC scale (“Instrument to Evaluate the EXperience of PAtients with Chronic diseases”, http://www.iemac.es/iexpac/) was developed and validated in Spain by health care professional and social organizations, experts in quality of healthcare and chronic patients (1). It consists of 12 items with Likert responses from “always” to “never” and yields an overall score from 0 (worst) to 10 (best experience). Three factors with sub-scores derive from the scale: Factor 1 (productive interactions, average of items 1, 2, 5 and 9, on patient-health care professionals relationship), Factor 2 (new relational model, average of items 3, 7 and 11, on the use of new technologies and contact with other patients) and Factor 3 (self-management, patients’ ability to self-care, average of items 4, 6, 8 and 10). Data were obtained through an anonymous survey to patients from 25 Spanish hospitals. Bivariate comparisons and a multivariate analysis were made to explore the association between scores and demographic and health care-related characteristics. Results 625 patients received the survey, 359 (57.4%) returned it (mean age 55 years, 67% women). The percentage of patients who responded “always” or “nearly always” to the different statements is displayed in table 1. Mean overall IEXPAC score was 5.5 (SD 2.0), sub-scores were: productive interactions: 7.5 (2.5); new relational model: 1.7 (2.1); self-care: 6.5 (2.5). Overall score was higher (better experience) in men (p= 0.022), in those needing follow-up in a different region (p= 0.004), seen by a lower number of physicians (p= 0.025), seen by the same physician each time (p Conclusion Through IEXPAC, patients with rheumatic diseases identified areas of improvement in healthcare, especially those related with access to reliable information and services, interaction with other patients and continuity of health care after hospital discharge. Better experience was associated to being seen by lower number of specialists or being followed-up by the same physician each time, and also with treatment with SC/IV drugs, maybe in relation to the more personalized care these patients receive. Acknowledgement Funded by MSD of Spain and endorsed by 4 patients associations: ACCU, CONARTRITIS, SEISIDA, FEDE. We thank the participant patients for providing this valuable information by completing the survey. Disclosure of Interests Javier de Toro-Santos: None declared, Maria L. Garcia Vivar: None declared, Lucia Pantoja: None declared, Cristina Lerin Lozano: None declared, Silvia Garcia-Diaz: None declared, Yvonne Mestre Employee of: MSD, Sabela Fernandez Employee of: MSD, Luis Cea-Calvo Employee of: MSD

Background Recently, based on the GiACTA trial results, weekly subcutaneous Tocilizumab (TCZ) has been approved for the treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA). It has showed to be effective and safety. Objectives Our aim was to compare the efficacy of TCZ according the route of administration. Methods Multicenter study of 134 GCA patients in treatment with TCZ. It was performed a comparative study between 2 groups according the route of administration of TCZ, intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC). Results We study 134 patients divided in 2 groups: a) IV TCZ, 104 cases and, b) SC TCZ, 30 cases, with a mean age 73.4±8.2 years vs 71.9±10.6 years, respectively (p=0.501). Disease duration, clinical manifestations and acute phase reactants at TCZ onset were similar in both groups with non-statistical difference. 91.7% patients who received SC TCZ achieved prolonged remission after 12 months of treatment (p=0.043). And the glucocorticoid sparing effect of TCZ was greater in the same group, reaching a statistical difference at 3 and 24 months (p=0.017 and p=0.021). Patients under IV TCZ treatment suffered more adverse event during follow up (p=0.043). TABLE 1 and 2 summarizes the comparative study. Conclusion Patients in treatment with SC TCZ, reached prolonged remission after 12 months of treatment and were able to discontinue prednisone dose after 24 months of follow up. The incidence of adverse events was more frequent in the IV TCZ group, without difference in relation to infections. References [1] Stone JH, Tuckwell K, Dimonaco S, Klearman M, Aringer M, Blockmans D, et al. Trial of Tocilizumab in Giant-Cell Arteritis. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377:317-28. [2] Calderon-Goercke M. Tocilizumab in giant cell arteritis. Observational, open-label multicenter study of 134 patients in clinical practice. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019 Jan 5. pii: S0049-0172(18)30571-7. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.01.003. [Epub ahead of print] Disclosure of Interests Monica Calderon-Goercke: None declared, J. Loricera: None declared, D. Prieto-Pena: None declared, Vicente Aldasoro: None declared, Santos Castaneda Consultant for: Amgen, BMS, Pfizer, Lilly, MSD, Roche, Sanofi, UCB, Ignacio Villa-Blanco: None declared, Alicia Humbria: None declared, Clara Moriano: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, J. Narvaez Consultant for: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Catalina Gomez-Arango: None declared, Eva Perez-Pampin: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Elena Becerra-Fernandez: None declared, Marcelino Revenga: None declared, Noelia Alvarez-Rivas: None declared, Carles Galisteo: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, Alejandro Olive: None declared, Maria Alvarez del Buergo: None declared, Luisa Marena Rojas: None declared, Carlos Fernandez-Lopez: None declared, Francisco Navarro: None declared, Enrique Raya: None declared, Eva Galindez: None declared, Beatriz Arca: None declared, Roser Solans-Laque: None declared, Arantxa Conesa: None declared, Cristina Hidalgo: None declared, Carlos Vazquez: None declared, Jose Andres Roman-Ivorra: None declared, Pau Lluch: None declared, Sara Manrique Arija Speakers bureau: ABBvie, MSD, Janssen, Lillly, Roche, Pfyzer, Novartis., Paloma Vela-Casasempere Grant/research support from: UCB, Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myer-Squibb (another research, not BIOBADASER related), Consultant for: UCB, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myer-Squibb, Speakers bureau: Roche, UCB, MSD, Pfizer, GSK, BMS, Lilly, Eugenio de Miguel: None declared, Carmen Torres-Martin: None declared, Juan Carlos Nieto: None declared, Carmen Ordas-Calvo: None declared, Eva Salgado-Perez: None declared, Cristina Luna-Gomez: None declared, Francisco J. Toyos Saenz de Miera: None declared, Nagore Fernandez-Llanio: None declared, Antonio Garcia: None declared, Carmen Larena: None declared, Natalia Palmou-Fontana: None declared, Vanesa Calvo-Rio: None declared, Carmen Gonzalez-Vela: None declared, Alfonso Corrales: None declared, Maria Varela-Garcia: None declared, Elena Aurrecoechea: None declared, Raquel Dos-Santos: None declared, Angel Garcia-Manzanares: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Sabela Fernandez: None declared, Francisco Ortiz-Sanjuan: None declared, Montserrat Corteguera: None declared, J. Luis Hernandez: None declared, Miguel A Gonzalez-Gay Grant/research support from: Prof. MA Gonzalez-Gay received grants/research supports from Abbvie, MSD, Jansen and Roche., Speakers bureau: Consultation fees/participation in company sponsored speaker’s bureau from Pfizer, Lilly, Sobi, Celgene, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi., Ricardo Blanco Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, and Roche, Consultant for: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen

Background Aortitis can be idiopathic or associated with other conditions. It is frequently refractory to conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Tocilizumab (TCZ), an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody seems to be effective and safe. Objectives Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of TCZ at short and long follow-up in a series of patients with Aortitis. Methods Retrospective, multicenter study of 79 patients diagnosed of inflammatory aortitis based on imaging techniques (PET/CT, CT angiography and/or MR angiography). Results We study 79 patients (61 w/ 18 m). 59 (74.7%) cases were Aortitis secondary to Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), while 20 (25.3%) were idiopathic. The mean age was 71±8.5 years vs 64.2±7.1 years, respectively (p=0.001). At time of disease diagnosis more than a half of patients (59.5%) presented as main symptom polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). Aortitis was diagnosed with PET/CT (71 patients), angioRMN (12 patients) and angioCT (8 patients). Prior to TCZ treatment, 61 (77.2%) patients had received conventional immunosuppressive drugs, 59 (74.7%) of them received MTX. After 24 months of treatment with TCZ, more than 75% of patients reached a prolonged remission in both groups (p=0.527), with only 4% of relapses after the same follow-up period (p=1.000). 40 (50.6%) patients had a control image technique (PET/CT) throughout follow up. 4 (3 secondary to GCA and 1 idiopathic) patients reached a complete improvement in uptake after one year of treatment. Conclusion Our results show that idiopathic aortitis occurs in younger patients compared with aortitis secondary to GCA. TCZ proved to be effective in both pathologies, allowing clinical and analytical improvement, as well as a reduction of corticoid dose, without increasing the risk of relapse. However, the improvement in imaging techniques seems to be slower. Reference [1] Loricera J, Blanco R, Castaneda S, Humbria A, Ortego-Centeno N, Narvaez J, et al. Tocilizumab in refractory aortitis: study on 16 patients and literature review. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014; 32:79-89. Disclosure of Interests Monica Calderon-Goercke: None declared, J. Loricera: None declared, D. Prieto-Pena: None declared, Vicente Aldasoro: None declared, Santos Castaneda Consultant for: Amgen, BMS, Pfizer, Lilly, MSD, Roche, Sanofi, UCB, Ignacio Villa-Blanco: None declared, Alicia Humbria: None declared, Clara Moriano: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, J. Narvaez Consultant for: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Catalina Gomez-Arango: None declared, Eva Perez-Pampin: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Marcelino Revenga: None declared, Noelia Alvarez-Rivas: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, Maria Alvarez del Buergo: None declared, Luisa Marena Rojas: None declared, Eva Galindez: None declared, Beatriz Arca: None declared, Roser Solans-Laque: None declared, Carlos Vazquez: None declared, Pau Lluch: None declared, Eva Salgado-Perez: None declared, Cristina Luna-Gomez: None declared, Francisco J. Toyos Saenz de Miera: None declared, Nagore Fernandez-Llanio: None declared, Antonio Garcia: None declared, Carmen Larena: None declared, Natalia Palmou-Fontana: None declared, Vanesa Calvo-Rio: None declared, Carmen Gonzalez-Vela: None declared, Alfonso Corrales: None declared, Maria Varela-Garcia: None declared, Elena Aurrecoechea: None declared, Raquel Dos-Santos: None declared, Jose Luis Martin-Varillas: None declared, Sabela Fernandez: None declared, J. Luis Hernandez: None declared, Miguel A Gonzalez-Gay Grant/research support from: Prof. MA Gonzalez-Gay received grants/research supports from Abbvie, MSD, Jansen and Roche., Speakers bureau: Consultation fees/participation in company sponsored speaker’s bureau from Pfizer, Lilly, Sobi, Celgene, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi., Ricardo Blanco Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, and Roche, Consultant for: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen

Background: Behcet’s disease (BD) is a variable vessel vasculitis and typically presents with mucocutaneous involvement. However, any organ can be affected, being the neurological affectation (neurobehcet, NB) one of the most serious manifestations. Objectives: Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of biological therapy as treatment of NB. Methods: We set up a multicenter observational study of 29 patients with NB on treatment with biological therapy (BT). NB diagnosis was made by neuroimaging, CSF analysis and/or suggestive clinical signs of central and/or peripheral nervous system involvement, excluding infectious causes or more prevalent pathology. Results are expressed as mean±SD or as median and interquartile range (IQR) as appropriate. Results: 29 patients (15♂/14♀) with an average age of 39.6 ± 10.5 years. HLA-B51 was positive in 48.3% of the patients. Table shows the non-neurological manifestations. Regarding the neurological manifestations, 23 patients (79.3%) had parenchymal involvement (hemiparesis (n=6), brainstem involvement (n=1), encephalopathy (n = 4), optic neuropathy (n=3), dysphasia (n=1), polyneuropathy (n=6), cognitive impairment (n=4), and non-steroidal psychosis (n=1), while the remaining 6 patients (20.7%) presented aseptic meningitis as a non-parenchymal affectation (Table). Prior to BT, patients had received the following treatment: oral prednisone (n=27), methylprednisolone bolus (n=9), CsA (n=8), AZA (n=16), MTX (n=14) and mycophenolate (n=2). After a median of 31 [10-60] months since the beginning of the neurological symptoms, the following BT was initiated: infliximab (IFX)(n=17), adalimumab (ADA)(n=7), tocilizumab (TCZ) (n=2), golimumab (GOL) (n=2) and Etanercept (ETN) (n=1). A first switch to ADA was necessary in 8 patients with IFX due to primary failure. In addition, 2 of them needed a second switch to TCZ, getting a partial response. The BT was discontinued in 5 patients, 2 of them for obtaining clinical remission and the remaining 3 for inefficacy. After a median follow-up of 5.4±4.6 years, complete response was obtained in 15 patients, partial response in 11 and no response in the remaining 3. We observed an anaphylactic reaction and psoriasis induced by IFX, without other serious adverse events (Table). Conclusion: BT, especially anti-TNF, seems effective and safe for treatment in NB. Disclosure of Interests: Jose Luis Martin-Varillas: None declared, Inigo Gonzalez-Mazon: None declared, Belen Atienza-Mateo: None declared, Monica Calderon-Goercke: None declared, D. Prieto-Pena: None declared, Lara Sanchez Bilbao: None declared, Vanesa Calvo-Rio: None declared, Santos Castaneda Consultant for: Amgen, BMS, Pfizer, Lilly, MSD, Roche, Sanofi, UCB, Esther Vicente: None declared, Olga Maiz: None declared, Clara Moriano: None declared, Elvira Diez Alvarez: None declared, Jose Luis Andreu Sanchez: None declared, Concepcion Delgado Beltran: None declared, Marta Loredo Martinez: None declared, J. Narvaez Consultant for: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Angel Ramos Calvo: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, Enrique Raya: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Jose Luis Callejas-Rubio: None declared, Anahy Brandy-Garcia: None declared, Alejandro Olive: None declared, Sabela Fernandez: None declared, Ricardo Gomez de la Torre: None declared, Ignacio Torre-Salaberri: None declared, Julio Sanchez: None declared, ANA URRUTICOECHEA-ARANA: None declared, Eva Salgado-Perez: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Olga Martinez Gonzalez: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, Miguel A Gonzalez-Gay Grant/research support from: Prof. MA Gonzalez-Gay received grants/research supports from Abbvie, MSD, Jansen and Roche., Speakers bureau: Consultation fees/participation in company sponsored speaker’s bureau from Pfizer, Lilly, Sobi, Celgene, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi., Ricardo Blanco Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, and Roche, Consultant for: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen

Background Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large vessel vasculitis with a predisposition for the cranial branches of the external carotid artery. However, aorta and/or its main branches may also be involved. Objectives In a series of patients with GCA who presented extracranial vessel involvement, our aim was to assess a) the vascular territories most frequently affected and b) correlation of a major extension of extracranial vascular involvement with a more severe clinical and analytical features. Methods Multicenter study of 68 patients with GCA who presented a compromise of extracranial vessels confirmed by PET/CT. Visual analysis of vascular uptake was performed on supra-aortic trunks (SAT), aortic arch (AA), thoracic aorta (TA), abdominal aorta (AbA), iliac arteries (IA), lower limb arteries (LLA), and upper limb arteries (ULA). Results We evaluated 68 patients with GCA (51w/17m) with a mean age of 68.0±8.3 years. The vascular territories affected were: TA (n=58, 85.29%), SAT (n=38, 55.88%), AbA (n=28, 41.18%), AA (n=18, 26.47%), LLA (n=17, 25%), IA (n=13, 19.12%) and ULA (n=6, 8.82%). We considered 3 groups according to the number of vascular territories affected: a) 1 or 2 territories, b) 3 or 4 territories and c) 5 or more territories and made a comparative study between this groups. In patients with ≥5 vascular territories affected, we observed a higher baseline ESR, and the most frequent systemic manifestations were polymyalgia rheumatica and constitutional symptoms with statistical significance (TABLE). Distribution of categorical variables was compared by the Pearson Chi-squared test. Quantitative variables were analyzed using the ANOVA test. Conclusion In patients with GCA the involvement of TA is very frequent, followed by the SAT and the AbA. Regarding the laboratory findings, patients with higher levels of ESR presented a major extension of extracranial vascular involvement, as well as presenting PMR and/or constitutional symptoms was also related to more affection of extracranial territories. References [1] Loricera J, Blanco R, Hernaandez JL, et al. Use of positron emission tomography (PET) for the diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 2015; 34: 372-377. [2] Loricera J, Blanco R, Hernaandez JL, et al. Non-infectious aortitis: a report of 32 cases from a single tertiary centre in a 4-year period and literature review. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2015; 33: S19-31. Disclosure of Interests Monica Calderon-Goercke: None declared, J. Loricera: None declared, D. Prieto-Pena: None declared, J. Narvaez Consultant for: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Santos Castaneda Consultant for: Amgen, BMS, Pfizer, Lilly, MSD, Roche, Sanofi, UCB, Elena Aurrecoechea: None declared, Ignacio Villa-Blanco: None declared, Catalina Gomez-Arango: None declared, Eva Perez-Pampin: None declared, Vicente Aldasoro: None declared, Noelia Alvarez-Rivas: None declared, Nagore Fernandez-Llanio: None declared, Maria Alvarez del Buergo: None declared, Luisa Marena Rojas: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, Eva Galindez: None declared, Roser Solans-Laque: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Marcelino Revenga: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Eva Salgado-Perez: None declared, Sabela Fernandez: None declared, Vanesa Calvo-Rio: None declared, Natalia Palmou-Fontana: None declared, Jose Ignacio Banzo: None declared, Isabel Martinez-Rodriguez: None declared, Carmen Gonzalez-Vela: None declared, Raquel Dos-Santos: None declared, J. Luis Hernandez: None declared, Miguel A Gonzalez-Gay Grant/research support from: Prof. MA Gonzalez-Gay received grants/research supports from Abbvie, MSD, Jansen and Roche., Speakers bureau: Consultation fees/participation in company sponsored speaker’s bureau from Pfizer, Lilly, Sobi, Celgene, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi., Ricardo Blanco Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, and Roche, Consultant for: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen

Objective: Tocilizumab (TCZ) has shown efficacy in clinical trials on giant cell arteritis (GCA). Real-world data are scarce. Our objective was to assess efficacy and safety of TCZ in unselected patients with GCA in clinical practice Methods: Observational, open-label multicenter study from 40 national referral centers of GCA patients treated with TCZ due to inefficacy or adverse events of previous therapy. Outcomes variables were improvement of clinical features, acute phase reactants, glucocorticoid-sparing effect, prolonged remission and relapses. A comparative study was performed: (a) TCZ route (SC vs. IV); (b) GCA duration (6 months); (c) serious infections (with or without); (d) < 15 vs. >15 mg/day at TCZ onset. Results: 134 patients; mean age, 73.0 +/- 8.8 years. TCZ was started after a median [IQR] time from GCA diagnosis of 13.5 [5.0-33.5] months. Ninety-eight (73.1%) patients had received immunosuppressive agents. After 1 month of TCZ 93.9% experienced clinical improvement. Reduction of CRP from 1.7 [0.4-3.2] to 0.11 [0.05-0.5] mg/dL (p < 0.0001), ESR from 33 [14.5-61] to 6 [2-12] mm/1st hour (p < 0.0001) and decrease in patients with anemia from 16.4% to 3.8% (p < 0.0001) were observed. Regardless of administration route or disease duration, clinical improvement leading to remission at 6, 12, 18, 24 months was observed in 55.5%, 70.4%, 69.2% and 90% of patients. Most relevant adverse side-effect was serious infections (10.6/100 patients-year), associated with higher doses of prednisone during the first three months of therapy. Conclusion: In clinical practice, TCZ yields a rapid and maintained improvement of refractory GCA. Serious infections appear to be higher than in clinical trials. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.