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Throughout history, humans have heavily relied on plants for both nourishment and the treatment of diseases. Breast cancer chemotherapies are expensive, have side effects, and may develop resistant cells. This shows the need for natural therapies to reduce the side effects of pharmacological remedies. Our objective was to isolate phytochemicals from the ethanol extract of the Eugenia uniflora plant. Another objective was to assess the antioxidant activity of the crude ethanolic extract of E. uniflora leaves and predict the drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, and binding potentials of the identified phytochemicals as anti-breast cancer agents. From the results, fifteen phytochemicals were isolated and identified. The average total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), radical scavenging activity (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values for the ethanol extract were 119.5 mg GAE/g, 141.16 mg GAE/g, 37.8 µg/mL, and 7.2 mmol/g, respectively. The chemical composition revealed 15 compounds: 3-Undecene, Acetic acid, Benzofuran, Hydroquinone, alpha-L-Galactopyranose, Methyl hexofuranoside, Nonadecanoic acid, 10-Octadecenoic acid, 2-Nonen-1-ol, Z-8-Methyl-9-tetradecenoic, 10-Undecenal, 2-Octylcyclopropene-1-heptanol, 1,5-Cyclododecadiene, Allantoic acid, and Stearic acid hydrazide. The drug-likeness and ADME properties of the fifteen identified compounds revealed non-violation of Lipinski's rules of five requirements. The docking screening of the fifteen identified phytochemicals with the human placental aromatase target revealed Stearic acid hydrazide, with the highest binding affinity of −7.86 kcal/mol, which can serve as a competitive aromatase inhibitor. The in-silico study gave a high probability that some of these compounds could be used as aromatase inhibitors and thus play a role in treating breast cancer. As far as we are aware, there has been no prior research conducted on the potential inhibitory effects of certain compounds found in E. uniflora on the aromatase enzyme.

Throughout history, medicinal plants have been the primary source for preventing and treating infectious diseases and other health issues. The flowering plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis, also called river red gum, is a member of the Myrtaceae family and has numerous traditional uses. The objectives of the present study were to identify the essential oil components of Eucalyptus camaldulensis using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), and to determine the antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities of ethanol, aqueous, and essential oil extracts from E. camaldulensis leaves. Addtionally, the essential oil constituents that were identified underwent an in silico analysis. The efficacy of various extracts in combat pathogens and free radicals was assessed through the utilization of the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl Hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), α-glucosidase inhibition, and disk diffusion methods. In terms of radical scavenging, reducing power, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, the essential oil showed strong antioxidant activity at 84.01 %, 20.1 mmol/g, and 78.2 %, respectively. The essential oil showed a potent antimicrobial action against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with 12 and 14 mm inhibitions, respectively, which were higher than ampicillin's 9 and 6 mm inhibitions, respectively. The GCMS analysis showed that the following chemicals were the most common: cis-11-hexadecenal (10.2%), trans-13-octadecenoic acid (9.5%), and 6-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)-(8.8%). The α-glucosidase enzyme was targeted in a docking study to investigate the antidiabetic properties of the 42 phytochemicals found in the essential oil extract. The compound, namely 5.alpha.-Androstan-16-one, showed the highest binding affinities of −8.6 Kcal/mol during the docking screening of the 42 identified phytochemicals against α-glucosidase. These two compounds show potential as competitive α-glucosidase inhibitors. E. camaldulensis will be a particularly useful source to improve health and fight communicable and non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, human evaluations of E. camaldulensis safety and effectiveness are necessary, and more well-planned clinical trials are needed to confirm our in vitro and in silico findings.

This study covered 2 locations, using 3 replications with randomized complete block design (RCBD) as a split-plot factorial arrangement, to determine the effect of both irrigation (I1, I2, & I3) and salicylic acid application (S1), and non-SA (S0) treatments, respectively, on sunflower seed oil % and main phytochemical components %, at ache-forming, flowering, and vegetative stages, compared to complete irrigation (I4). SA applied with full irrigation resulted in the highest values of seed oil % and overwhelming majority phytochemical components. On the contrary, the lowest values were noted by none (SA) application with skipping irrigation at the flowering-stage (I2S0).

New plants with medical potential are being researched all around the world. Anisopus mannii is a herb currently utilized in traditional Northern Nigerian medicinal formulations. Various plant elements are used to treat diabetes, Analgesics, Antiparasitic Inflammation, Hypertension, Anti-microbial Infertility, Breast milk enhancement, and jaundice in infants. The ethnopharmacological importance of the species necessitated the need to compile the findings of previously published work on A. mannii, highlighting the potential utility of the species. Valuable information from original scientific research papers was extracted using electronic databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wiley, Google Scholar, and Springer. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antibacterial, pharmaceuticals, antiviral, traditional medicine, ethnopharmacology, toxicity, cytotoxic activity, chemical composition, mineral elements, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis, and any other related terms were used to discover studies. Exclusion criteria: This analysis rejected the following data from dubious online sources, as well as thesis reports and review publications. A. mannii has been found to be a medicinal plant that has antidiabetics, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic qualities. People's health is greatly impacted by the plant. These findings back up the plant's traditional use and show its enormous potential as a source of antidiabetics.

Coronaviruses are infectious respiratory tract illnesses, but they can also affect the digestive tract and infect both humans and animals. The new coronavirus results in complicated health problems all over the world. The most urgent concern of all researchers around the world has been the treatment of the virus. The following study aimed to use quantitative ethnobotany to help scientist in addressing the deadly virus. Expert sampling method was adopted with the aid of an in-depth interview guide. Thirty-nine respondents were interviewed. Eighty-one medicinal plant species from 35 families were documented. Males 25 (64.1%) constitute the greater percentage of the total respondents. Majority of the respondents had formal education. Eighty-one medicinal plant species from 35 families were documented. Leaves are the most utilized 25.8 followed by seed 17.7 and fruits 12.1%, respectively. Relative frequency of citation ranged from 0.5 to 0.9, whereas the FL value ranged from 0.4 to 0.85, revealing how effective the documented plant species are in the management of COVID-19 in the region. A greater amount of research into documented medicinal plants is warranted because of the high likelihood that they contain many active ingredients.

Medicinal plants are the primary raw materials used in the production of medicinal products all over the world. As a result, more study on plants with therapeutic potential is required. The tropical tree Ziziphus spina belongs to the Rhamnaceae family. Biological reports and traditional applications including management of diabetes and treatment of malaria, digestive issues, typhoid, liver complaints, weakness, skin infections, urinary disorders, obesity, diarrhoea, and sleeplessness have all been treated with different parts of Z. spina all over the globe. The plant is identified as a rich source of diverse chemical compounds. This study is a comprehensive yet detailed review of Z. spina based on major findings from around the world regarding ethnopharmacology, biological evaluation, and chemical composition. Scopus, Web of Science, BioMed Central, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Springer Link, and Google Scholar were searched to find published articles. From the 186 research articles reviewed, we revealed the leaf extract to be significant against free radicals, microbes, parasites, inflammation-related cases, obesity, and cancer. Chemically, polyphenols/flavonoids were the most reported compounds with a composition of 66 compounds out of the total 193 compounds reported from different parts of the plant. However, the safety and efficacy of Z. spina have not been wholly assessed in humans, and further well-designed clinical trials are needed to corroborate preclinical findings. The mechanism of action of the leaf extract should be examined. The standard dose and safety of the leaf should be established.

Garcinia kola belongs to the Garcinia genus of the Clusiaceae family and Malpighiales order. It contains more than 180 members all over the globe. It is found all over Asia and in tropical African countries. In Africa, traditionally, G kola is used to manage and treat cancer, diabetes, malaria, analgesics, hypertension, and other numerous ailments. This review aimed to comprehensively update relevant information regarding the pharmacological potential of Garcinia kola. Electronic databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wiley, Google Scholar, Hindawi, and Springer extracted valuable information from original scientific research papers. Inclusion Criteria. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antibacterial, medications, antiviral, traditional medicine, ethnopharmacology, toxicity, cytotoxic action, chemical composition, mineral elements, GCMS analysis, and any other related phrases were used as filters to find studies. Exclusion Criteria. Data from questionable online sources, as well as thesis reports and review publications, were excluded from this investigation. The investigation revealed that seeds of G. kola are very efficient as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antihypertension, antianalgesic, and anti-inflammatory. The study also found that too much consumption of the seeds caused low fertility and toxicity. However, the safety and efficacy of G. kola have not been wholly assessed in humans, and further well-designed clinical trials are needed to corroborate preclinical findings. The mechanism of action of the seed extract should be examined. The standard dose and safety of the seed should be established.

BACKGROUND: Evidence about the impact of marital status before hematopoietic cell transplantation (hct) on outcomes after hct is conflicting. METHODS: We identified patients 40 years of age and older within the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research registry who underwent hct between January 2008 and December 2015. Marital status before hct was declared as one of: married or living with a partner, single (never married), separated or divorced, and widowed. We performed a multivariable analysis to determine the association of marital status with outcomes after hct. RESULTS: We identified 10,226 allogeneic and 5714 autologous hct cases with, respectively, a median follow-up of 37 months (range: 1-102 months) and 40 months (range: 1-106 months). No association between marital status and overall survival was observed in either the allogeneic (p = 0.58) or autologous (p = 0.17) setting. However, marital status was associated with grades 2-4 acute graft-versus-host disease (gvhd), p < 0.001, and chronic gvhd, p = 0.04. The risk of grades 2-4 acute gvhd was increased in separated compared with married patients [hazard ratio (hr): 1.13; 95% confidence interval (ci): 1.03 to 1.24], and single patients had a reduced risk of grades 2-4 acute gvhd (hr: 0.87; 95% ci: 0.77 to 0.98). The risk of chronic gvhd was lower in widowed compared with married patients (hr: 0.82; 95% ci: 0.67 to 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Overall survival after hct is not influenced by marital status, but associations were evident between marital status and grades 2-4 acute and chronic gvhd. To better appreciate the effects of marital status and social support, future research should consider using validated scales to measure social support and patient and caregiver reports of caregiver commitment, and to assess health-related quality of life together with health care utilization.

Throughout history, humans have heavily relied on plants for both nourishment and the treatment of diseases. Breast cancer chemotherapies are expensive, have side effects, and may develop resistant cells. This shows the need for natural therapies to reduce the side effects of pharmacological remedies. Our objective was to isolate phytochemicals from the ethanol extract of the Eugenia uniflora plant. Another objective was to assess the antioxidant activity of the crude ethanolic extract of E. uniflora leaves and predict the drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, and binding potentials of the identified phytochemicals as anti-breast cancer agents. From the results, fifteen phytochemicals were isolated and identified. The average total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), radical scavenging activity (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values for the ethanol extract were 119.5 mg GAE/g, 141.16 mg GAE/g, 37.8 µg/mL, and 7.2 mmol/g, respectively. The chemical composition revealed 15 compounds: 3-Undecene, Acetic acid, Benzofuran, Hydroquinone, alpha-L-Galactopyranose, Methyl hexofuranoside, Nonadecanoic acid, 10-Octadecenoic acid, 2-Nonen-1-ol, Z-8-Methyl-9-tetradecenoic, 10-Undecenal, 2-Octylcyclopropene-1-heptanol, 1,5-Cyclododecadiene, Allantoic acid, and Stearic acid hydrazide. The drug-likeness and ADME properties of the fifteen identified compounds revealed non-violation of Lipinski's rules of five requirements. The docking screening of the fifteen identified phytochemicals with the human placental aromatase target revealed Stearic acid hydrazide, with the highest binding affinity of -7.86 kcal/mol, which can serve as a competitive aromatase inhibitor. The in-silico study gave a high probability that some of these compounds could be used as aromatase inhibitors and thus play a role in treating breast cancer. As far as we are aware, there has been no prior research conducted on the potential inhibitory effects of certain compounds found in E. uniflora on the aromatase enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that manifests primarily with jaundice and pruritus and can progresses from persistent cholestasis to cirrhosis and late childhood liver failure. Classically, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis is classified into three subtypes: 1, 2, and 3 and results from a defect in a biliary protein responsible for bile formation and circulation in the liver. In the last decade and with the increased use of genetic testing, more types have been known. Case presentation A 6-month-old Afrocentric boy presented with progressive jaundice and pruritus that started since the age of 2 months. He was thoroughly investigated to be finally diagnosed as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 4. A low-fat diet, ursodeoxycholic acid, fat-soluble vitamins, and cholestyramine were started. He showed initial improvement then had refractory pruritus and impaired quality of life. He underwent surgical biliary diversion at the age of 1 year with marked improvement of manifestations. Conclusion Owing to the increased technology of genetic testing, more clinical subtypes of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis were diagnosed other than the classical three types. Surgical management using biliary diversion could be beneficial and delays or may even obviate the need for liver transplantation.

Abstract Background Ganglioneuromatosis is a rare type of benign neurogenic tumor that usually affects the sites of the major sympathetic ganglia in the retroperitoneum and the posterior mediastinum. Affection of the gastrointestinal tract is rare, and involvement of the esophagus is exceptional. To the best of our knowledge, only 4 cases of esophageal ganglioneuromatosis in adults were reported in the literature. No cases have been reported in the pediatric age group. Case presentation An 11-year-old boy presented with dysphagia due to severe esophageal stenosis caused by esophageal ganglioneuromatosis. Conclusions Despite its rarity, the present case implies that ganglioneuromatosis should be considered in children with idiopathic esophageal stenosis.

The Burseraceae family consists of 18 genera and 540 species. Boswellia dalzielii is a medicinal plant used in tropical and subtropical areas for the treatment and management of various ailments. Despite the medicinal value of B. dalzielii, there is no comprehensive documentation. The study aimed to review the ethnopharmacology, biological evaluation and chemical composition of B. dalzielii. Scopus, Web of Science, BioMed Central, Science Direct, PubMed, Springer Link, and Google Scholar were searched to find published articles. The results showed that the leaves, stem bark, and root of B. dalzielii have been traditionally used in Nigeria, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Benin, Sudan, and Guinee for the treatment and management of antirheumatic, antispasmodic, analgesic, antiseptic, hypotensive, malarial mental illness, ulcer, pain, and fever. It is also found that leaves, stem bark, and root have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antimalarial properties with stembark having the highest activity. Chemically, it was revealed the leaf has high contents of monoterpenes hydrocarbons with alpha-pinene as the major compound. The species were largely studied in vitro, according to the literature survey. A well-designed clinical experiment is required to obtain conclusive evidence on the efficacy of stembark. The standard dose and safety of the stembark should be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]