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For its application in cancer therapy, targeted drug delivery, radiofrequency ablation, and magnetic resonance imaging, the dynamics of electro-magnetohydrodynamic flow of blood-gold nanomaterial over a nonlinearly stretching surface utilizing the Casson model has been elucidated numerically. The impact of second-order hydrodynamic-slip, nanoparticle radius, first-order thermal-slip, inter-particle spacing and non-uniform heat source are also accounted. The modeled flow equations are transmuted into a nonlinear system of first-order ODEs (with the aid of apposite similarity variables) which are then resolved numerically utilizing the bvp5c scheme. The thermal field augments with an increase and a decrease in the inter-particle spacing and radius of gold-nanoparticles, respectively. However, a reverse trend is noted for the velocity profile when the radius and inter-particle spacing of gold-nanoparticles are altered. The trend and magnitude of the change in the drag rate and heat transfer rate under the influence of effectual parameters have been demonstrated statistically using slope of linear regression. It is noticed that per unit increase in the volume fraction of gold nanoparticles augments the heat transfer rate by 81.71% and reduces the surface drag by 163.51%. Further, per unit increase in the inter-particle spacing of gold nanoparticles augments the drag coefficient by 85.92% whereas per unit increase in the radius of gold nanoparticles reduces the skin friction coefficient by 49.71%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Significance of nanoparticle radius on EMHD Casson blood-gold nanomaterial flow with non-uniform heat source and Arrhenius kinetics" published in the Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry. The correction states that figures 1-18 in the original publication were published incorrectly due to a typesetter's mistake, and the corrected figures are provided in this correction article. Additionally, there is a correction to the first sentence in the abstract. The original article has been corrected. The document also includes a note from the publisher stating that Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

For its biomedical applicability, the dynamics electro-magnetohydrodynamic flow of blood-gold nanomaterial over a nonlinearly stretching surface utilizing the Casson model has been numerically elucidated. The impact of second-order hydrodynamic-slip, gold nanoparticles of different inter-particle spacing and radius, and non-uniform heat source are also accounted. The incorporation of nanofluid characteristics in the traditional Casson model improves the applicability, practicality and realistic nature of the modeled flow problem. The present study finds its application in radiofrequency ablation, magnetic resonance imaging, cancer therapy, and targeted drug delivery. Apposite similarity variables are employed to transmute the modeled flow equations into a nonlinear system of first-order ODEs which are then resolved using the bvp5c scheme. It is observed that the intensification in space-dependent heat source, temperature-dependent heat source and heat of reaction ascend the thermal field. It is noted that per unit increase in the inter-particle spacing ascends the drag coefficient by 70.2431176% whereas the nanoparticle radius descends the drag coefficient by 42.2109338%. Further, the impact of heat of reaction 0.1 ≤ α ≤ 0.9 , reaction rate 0.1 ≤ β ≤ 0.9 , nanoparticle radius 0.5 ≤ R np ≤ 2.5 , and inter-particle spacing 0.5 ≤ h ≤ 2.5 on the mass transfer rate Sh x Re x - 1 / 2 has been scrutinized statistically using the five-level four-factor response surface optimized model. The mass transfer rate is maximum for larger values of inter-particle spacing and smaller values of reaction rate, heat of reaction and the radius of gold nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermodynamic features of the Reiner-Rivlin nanoliquid flow induced by a spinning disk are analyzed numerically. The non-homogeneous two-phase nanofluid model is considered to analyze the effect of nanoparticles on the thermodynamics of the Reiner-Rivlin nanomaterial, which also includes a temperature-dependent heat source (THS) and an exponential space-dependent heat source (ESHS). Further, the transfer of heat and mass is analyzed with velocity slip, volume fraction jump, and temperature jump boundary conditions. The finite difference method-based routine is used to solve the complicated differential equations formed after using the von-Karman similarity technique. Limiting cases of the present problem are found to be in good agreement with benchmarking studies. The relationship of the pertinent parameters with the heat and mass transport is scrutinized using correlation, which is further evaluated based on the probable error estimates. Multivariable models are fitted for the friction factor at the disk and heat transport, which accurately predict the dependent variables. The Reiner-Rivlin nanoliquid temperature is influenced comparatively more by the ESHS than by the THS. The Nusselt number is decreased by the ESHS and THS, whereas the friction factor at the disk is predominantly decremented by the wall roughness aspect. The increment in the non-Newtonian characteristic of the liquid leads more fluid to drain away in the radial direction far from the disk compared with the fluid nearby the disk in the presence of the centrifugal force during rotation. The increased thermal and volume fraction slip lowers the nanoliquid temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black pepper, being a trade dependent commodity, shows high degree of price fluctuations. The present study examined the price behavior of black pepper in the pre-liberalisation and postliberalisation periods. The study revealed that the variation in prices increased in the postliberalisation period. Seasonal nature was evident in prices and the harvesting period was found to be coinciding with the trough phase in the price cycle, while the off-season synchronized with the peak phase. The prices exhibited cyclical behavior and the periods of low prices endured longer than that of the price spikes. The occurrence and amplitude of random factors exhibited in the prices of black pepper were more in the pre-liberalisation period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydromagnetic flow of magnetite–water nanofluid due to a rotating stretchable disk has been numerically assessed. The nanofluid flow has been modeled utilizing the adapted Buongiorno model that considers the volume fraction-dependent effective nanofluid properties and the major slip mechanisms. In addition, experimentally gleaned functions of effective dynamic viscosity and effective thermal conductivity are deployed. The modeled equations are transformed into a first-order ODEs scheme employing Von Kármán's similarity conversions and then resolved via the Runge–Kutta algorithm through the shooting technique. The impact of pertinent terms over the physical quantities, nanoliquid temperature and nanoliquid concentration is explained with the support of graphs. Results show that rising volume fraction of magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) and magnetic field term enhance the drag force. Mass transport rate is demoted with augmenting values of magnetic field parameter whereas is promoted with increase in Schmidt number. Further, it is detected that the changes in stretching strength parameter are directly proportional to Nusselt number and inversely proportional to the thermal field. The findings of this numerical analysis have applications in spin coating, rotating disk reactors, storage devices for computers, food processing, and rotating heat exchangers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methanolic extracts (MEs) of seven brown seaweeds occurring in the Indian coastal waters were screened for their cytotoxic and antioxidant properties following various assays. The methanolic extracts of seaweeds in the order of Dictyopteris australis > Spatoglossum variabile > Stoechospermum marginatum > Spatoglossum aspermum showed significant cytotoxic activity. A very high DPPH radical scavenging activity was exhibited by the methanolic extracts prepared from St. marginatum, Padina tetrastromatica, Dictyopteris delicatula and S. aspermum. The total phenolic content of the MEs varied from 13.19 ± 0.32 to 25.29 ± 0.445 gallic acid equivalents (mg g-1 of methanolic extract). The reducing power assay indicated a dose dependency, at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 and 2.0 mgmL-1 of MEs and decreased in the following order: Butylated hydroxy toluene > P. tetrastromatica > D. delicatula > S. aspermum > S. variabile > S. marginatum > D. australis > S. marginatum. Furthermore, D. australis, S. aspermum, S. variabile and S. marginatum demonstrated good metal ion chelating properties. All the above evidences suggest that, the antioxidant compounds found in brown seaweeds scavenge free radicals through effective intervention. This decisively promotes them as a potential source of natural antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For its applications in nuclear reactors, food processing, chemical engineering, water emulsions and thermal power generating systems, the significance of irregular heat source and Arrhenius energy on electro-magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow over a rotating stretchable disk with nonlinear radiation have been investigated. The flow problem has been modeled utilizing the modified Buongiorno model and the thermophysical characteristics of water-based Cu − F e 3 O 4 hybrid nanoliquid. Effects like passive control of nanoparticles, hydrodynamic slip and convective boundary conditions are also heeded to boost the realistic nature of this work. Further, engineering quantities like moment coefficient and pumping efficiency of the disk are also elucidated which boosts the novelty of this research work. The modeled governing equations are transmuted into a system of first-order ODEs, with the help of apposite similarity transformations, which are then numerically resolved using the finite-difference based bvp5c algorithm. It is noticed that per unit increase in the electric parameter decreases the skin friction coefficient by 41.75% and increases the heat transfer rate by 15.31%. It is also observed that the entrainment velocity is directly proportional to the changes in electric field parameter and is inversely proportional to the changes in volume fraction of copper and magnetite nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]