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Adherence to international norms of food quality and safety is paramount to enhance the export of marine products from India. The exporters have focused on compliance with the non-tariff measures to widen and deepen their exports. The present study analysed the trends and compliance status of quality standards in Indian marine exports to major importers and offers policy recommendations for enhancing the safety and quality of these exports. The study emphasises the role of regulatory bodies, industry stakeholders and international partners in promoting quality compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black pepper as an internationally traded commodity has always been associated with price fluctuations which are influenced by numerous factors including production and consumption in India and the world, international prices, export-import policies, exchange rates and trade agreements. The present study is focused on price instability of black pepper in Indian and international markets in the pre-liberalisation and postliberalisation periods. Annual instability indices of nominal and real prices of black pepper in the domestic and international markets were computed and used to compare price instability before and after agricultural trade liberalisation in India. The study revealed that the magnitude of price instability of black pepper has increased significantly in Indian markets during the post-liberalisation period, whereas it has declined in the international markets. The destabilising effect of trade liberalisation on prices of black pepper was comparatively more in Indian markets as compared to the international markets. This could be attributed to the transmission of volatility from international markets to domestic markets after liberalisation, resulting in reduction in instability of international prices and a concomitant increase in instability in the domestic markets. Hence, suitable price stabilisation policies need to be implemented to safeguard the producers of black pepper in India from price fluctuations resulting from liberalisation of international trade in agricultural commodities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study has investigated market integration across three major wholesale Nendran banana markets, viz., Kozhikode, Ernakulam, and Thiruvananthapuram of Kerala. Co-integration analysis of monthly wholesale Nendran banana prices in the above markets were carried out by adopting Johansen's multivariate cointegration approach after confirming the stationarity of price series using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test. The study has confirmed the presence of cointegration, implying the price association among the markets. To get the additional evidence as to whether and in which direction price transmission is occurring between the market pairs, Granger causality test was used, which confirmed Thiruvananthapuram to be the pricedetermining market. The existence of unidirectional causality from Kozhikode market to Ernakulam market and from Thiruvananthapuram market to Kozhikode and Ernakulam markets was proved. Bidirectional causality was absent between all the pairs. The study concluded that Nendran banana farmers were earning comparable prices at a particular point of time and market intervention or policy in one market would impact the price in other markets. The major implication of the study is the need for capacity building in market intelligence and designing of a network of agricultural wholesale markets for Nendran banana across the country to enhance market integration and better price transmission among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]