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Using satellite imagery, this study investigates the spectral reflectance characteristics of crops at the OHMK farm in Eastern Kazakhstan, focusing on wheat and barley. The analysis reveals significant differences in spectral re- flectance, particularly in the visible and near-infrared regions, and tracks change over time during different growth stages. Employing principal component analysis (PCA), strong correlations are observed between specific spectral bands and principal components, providing insights into crop variability. Derived equations enable the estimation of principal component values based on spectral information. These findings have implications for crop monitoring, management, and precision agriculture, offering potential yield optimization and resource allocation improvements. The study highlights the potential use of spectral reflectance analysis for crop health assessment and yield prediction, with implications for agricultural decision-making and enhanced productivity. Further research is needed to expand the application of this approach to other crops and conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solubility diagram of the ternary system NdCl3–PrCl3–H2O has been studied by the method of isothermal saturation in ampules at 25°C. In the system NdCl3–PrCl3–H2O, isovalent substitution solid solutions with the miscibility gap (PrCl3)x(NdCl3)1 –x·6H2O and (PrCl3)x(NdCl3)1 –x·7H2O have been crystallized. In the system, there is one non-invariant eutonic type point, corresponding to the saturation of the solution by two solid phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solubility diagram of the ternary system GdCl3–TbCl3–H2O is studied by means of isothermal saturation in ampules at 25°С. A continuous series of solid solutions of isovalent substitution crystallizes in the system The diagram of solubility in the three-component system GdCl3–TbCl3–H2O at 25°C is calculated according to the classical Pitzer model. Results from experiments agree convincingly with ones from thermodynamic modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the apparent activation energy of gold leaching from e-waste in aqueous thiourea solution was studied. The leaching was carried out under conventional conditions and under ultrasonic treatment. The leaching in both cases was carried out at 25 °C, 35 °C, 45 °C and 60 °C. The apparent activation energy using ultrasonic activation decreases. In both cases the process of gold leaching from e-waste proceeds in the diffusion region. Thus, ultrasonic intensification is a means of increasing the efficiency of hydrometallurgical processes of e-waste processing by reducing the activation energy of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]