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Background and purpose: Maternal depression and anxiety can cause nutritional problems in offspring. Despite the numerous literature, the knowledge regarding the impact of maternal mental health on child’s eating disorder is still limited. This study explored the impact of maternal depression and anxiety on eating disorders among children aged 6 to 36 months in Tehran, Iran.Material and Methods: A total number of 320 children aged 6 to 36 months old and their mothers were enrolled at a teaching university hospital in Tehran (Ziaeian Hospital). To collect the data, the inventory of problematic eating behaviors for 36-month old children, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaire, and demographic information questionnaire were used. To examine the relationship between maternal depression and anxiety with childhood feeding problems, bivariate (Chi-square) and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses were employed.Results: The mean mothers’ depression and anxiety scores were found to be 15.97 (SD = 12.08) and 14.26 (SD = 11.87), respectively. An estimated 23.8 % of children were suffering from eating disorders. There was a significant association between the mother’s severe depression and child’s eating disorder [OR = 5.7; CI (95%) = 2.92-11.43]. Although this association attenuated for the moderate level of depression in mothers, it was still statistically significant [OR= 2.25; CI (95%) = 1.05-4.8]. There was also a significant association between the moderate level of anxiety in mother and child’s eating disorder [OR = 2.17; CI (95%) = 1.15-4.10].Conclusion: It appeared that the children of mothers with higher levels of depression experienced more eating disorders during childhood. Furthermore, middle maternal anxiety level was associated with more feeding abnormalities in children. Therefore, screening and addressing the mental health issues in mothers at the early stages could prevent from future eating disorders in offspring.

Background: Occupational injuries can expose healthcare workers (HCWs) to blood infectious diseases such as hepatitis B, C and HIV and other blood borne diseases. These could be prevented by implementing the precaution and safety procedures in workplace. This study explored the prevalence of occupational injuries among HCWs in Tehran, Iran, in 2016. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 55 HCWs at Ziaeian Hospital in Tehran. Data for HCWs with a history of occupational injuries in 2016 were retrieved from the Hospital registry and analyzed by SPSS version 22. Results: The occupational injuries were observed in 19 (34.6%) registered nurses (RNs), 8 (14.5%) licensed practical nurses (LPNs), and 7 (12.7%) doctors. The most common injuries were needle stick injuries (87.7%) and splashing blood and secretions into the eyes (12.7%). Needle stick injuries were mostly caused by drawing blood 18 (32.8%), suturing 14 (25.5%) and blood sugar testing 8 (14.5%). Conclusion: Needle stick is the most common injury among healthcare workers which may cause serious and life-threatening infectious diseases such as Hepatitis B and C and HIV. This could be prevented by risk reduction through safety measures such as vaccination, precaution in handling of sharp and contaminated objects and safe disposal of infectious waste. Furthermore, post exposure prophylaxis, psychological support and counselling should be provided for the affected HCWs.

Background: Influenza A is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that belongs to orthomyxoviridae family. The virus usually invades the respiratory tract endothelium, and the period of contagiousness is up to 5 days after the onset of symptoms. Influenza is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and approximately 8%-10% of all patients with pneumonia are positive for influenza. In this study, we aimed to evaluate hematologic and hepatic enzymes disorders in patients with swine influenza (H1N1) admitted in two hospitals, Tehran. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study identifying the hematologic and hepatic enzymes abnormalities and influencing factors conducted among patients with swine influenza (H1N1) admitted in Imam Khomeini and Ziaeiyan Hospitals in 2014-2016. One hundred eighteen people with suspected or confirmed influenza were evaluated for hematologic and hepatic enzymes disorders. Results: In this study, the total number of individuals was 118, including 58 (49%) women and 60 (51%) men. Thirty-seven (31%) of patients had pneumonia, 51 (43%) of them had hypertension and diabetes, 5 (5%) of them expired. PCR of 28 (33%) nasopharynx samples were positive. The mean ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte at the time of admission was 3.4 and the mean ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte at the time of discharge was 2.1, which indicated lymphopenia. Conclusion: H1N1 is associated with more hematologic and liver enzyme abnormalities than non-H1N1 subtypes thus if we notice these changes on lab tests, we should suspect more to H1N1 than non-H1N1.

Background: The rapid growing rate of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is a noticeable phenomenon worldwide and has become a global concern of substantial emphasis. A reliable, accurate and rapid test for the detection of MRSA is important for both therapeutic as well as control measures. This study aimed at comparing the phenotypic (disk diffusion) and genotypic (polymerase chain reaction) methods for the expeditious diagnosis of methicillin-resistant strain samples isolated from patients admitted at Tehran Central Hospitals. Materials and methods: Through a cross-sectional study a total of 150 samples were collected and tested from the patients admitted at Tehran hospitals located in central Tehran between 2014-2015. The isolated samples sensitivity to Cefoxitin disks was confirmed through disk diffusion. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was performed as the “Gold Standard” test to identify the specimens with mecA gene presence. Results were compared based on sensitivity and specificity by application of chi-square test in SPSS software (version 22). Results: Eighty-three percent of 150 collected samples tested resistance for Cefoxitin applying Cefoxitin disk diffusion method. Three of the resistant samples to Cefoxitin were negative for the mecA gene; whereas 80% of the samples were proven positive for mecA gene using PCR. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of disk diffusion in comparison to PCR were 100%, 85%, 96% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: Findings indicated that Cefoxitin disk diffusion method is a simple phenotypic method; however, it has an acceptable sensitivity compared to the PCR method. Therefore, it is recommended for the detection of MRSA. The existence of strains resistant to Cefoxitin without mecA gene suggests the emergence of either a new resistance strain or mutation in MRSA.

Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of more than 95% cases of severe Legionella pneumonia. Nosocomial pneumonias in different hospital wards is an important medical and pharmaceutical concern. This study aimed to detect Legionella with two methods: polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and detection of urine antigenic test [UAT] in patients suffering from nosocomial pneumonia admitted to pediatric intensive care unit [PICU] of children hospitals. This study was conducted in PICU wards of Rasool Akram and Bahrami children hospitals, Tehran, Iran during 2013 - 2014. In patients diagnosed with hospital-acquired pneumonia, intratracheal secretion samples for PCR and urine sample for urinary antigen test [UTA] were taken. Simultaneously, PCR and urinary antigen test were conducted using commercial kits. The results of urinary antigen test and PCR were analyzed by SPSS v.19 for statistical comparison. In this study, 96 patients aging 2.77 years on average with two age peaks of less than 1 year and 7-8 year were enrolled. More than half of the patients were under 1 year old. The most common underlying diseases were seizure, Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma, Down syndrome and metabolic syndromes. The positivity rate of Legionella urinary antigen test was 16.7% and positivity rate of PCR test was 19.8%. There were no significant associations between the results obtained by both assays with age, gender or underlying diseases. In conclusion, PCR is a better detection method for Legionella infection than urinary antigen test, but the difference between the two methods was not significant.

Pubic osteomyelitis is a rare disease usually results from various gynecologic and urologic surgeries. We present a-78 year old-woman admitted to the Infectious Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in June 2014 with pubic osteomyelitis caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by hysterectomy.