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BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is not curable, but the symptoms can be managed through self-management programs (SMPs). Owing to the growing burden of OA on the health system and the need to ensure high-quality integrated services, delivering SMPs through digital technologies could be an economic and effective community-based approach. ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the effectiveness of digital-based structured SMPs on patient outcomes in people with OA. MethodsA total of 7 web-based and 3 gray literature databases were searched for randomized controlled trials assessing digital-based structured SMPs on self-reported outcomes including pain, physical function, disability, and health-related quality of life (QoL) in people with OA. Two reviewers independently screened the search results and reference lists of the identified papers and related reviews. Data on the intervention components and delivery and behavioral change techniques used were extracted. A meta-analysis, risk of bias sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis were performed where appropriate. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach was used to assess the quality of evidence. ResultsA total of 8 studies were included in this review involving 2687 patients with knee (n=2); knee, hip, or both (n=5); and unspecified joint (n=1) OA. SMPs were delivered via telephone plus audio and video, internet, or mobile apps. Studies reported that digital-based structured SMPs compared with the treatment as usual control group (n=7) resulted in a significant, homogeneous, medium reduction in pain and improvement in physical function (standardized mean difference [SMD] –0.28, 95% CI –0.38 to –0.18 and SMD –0.26, 95% CI –0.35 to –0.16, respectively) at posttreatment. The digital-based structured SMP effect on pain and function reduced slightly at the 12-month follow-up but remained to be medium and significant. The posttreatment effect of digital-based structured SMPs was small and significant for disability, but nonsignificant for QoL (SMD –0.10, 95% CI –0.17 to 0.03 and SMD –0.17, 95% CI –0.47 to 0.14, respectively; each reported in 1 study only). The 12-month follow-up effect of the intervention was very small for disability and QoL. The quality of evidence was rated as moderate for pain and physical function and low and very low for disability and QoL, respectively, using the GRADE approach. ConclusionsDigital-based structured SMPs may result in improvement in pain and physical function that is largely sustained at the 12-month follow-up in people with knee and hip OA. The effects on disability and QoL are smaller and less clear. The quality of evidence is moderate to low, and further research is required to confirm the findings of the review and assess the effects of digital-based structured SMPs on other health-related outcomes.

[MgFe.sub.2][O.sub.4] nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel method at calcination temperatures of 300 and 500 [degrees]C. Then, the effect of calcination temperature on their structural, magnetic, and cytotoxic properties was investigated. In this regard, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were used to study structural features, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) methods were used to evaluate the magnetic properties, and the 3-(4,5-dimefhylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity. XRD and FESEM results showed that the particle size should increase with increasing calcination temperature. FTIR spectra indicated the presence of absorption bands in the range 390-560 [cm.sup.-1] at both calcination temperatures, which is a common feature of spinel ferrite. Also, the VSM analysis showed that the superparamagnetic property decreases with increasing calcination temperature. Spin-spin relaxation time ([T.sub.2]) was evaluated as one of the important parameters in increasing the quality of magnetic resonance imaging scans by EPR. EPR results showed that the [T.sub.2] increases with increasing calcination temperature. The cytotoxic effects (MTT test) of Mg[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.4] nanoparticles at different concentrations on normal human fibroblast cells (HU-02) showed dose-dependent cell death. This study showed that lowering the calcination temperature can improve the spin-spin contrast ([T.sub.2]). Key words: magnesium ferrites, superparamagnetic nanoparticles, sol-gel, calcination temperatures, spin-spin relaxation time ([T.sub.2]) Nous avons prepare des nanoparticules de Mg[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.4] par la methode sol-gel a des temperatures de calcination de 300 et 500 [degrees]C. Nous avons ensuite etudie l'effet de la temperature de calcination sur leurs proprietes structurelles, magnetiques et cytotoxiques. Pour ce faire, nous avons etudie les caracteristiques structurelles au moyen des techniques de diffraction des rayons X (DRX), de microscopie electronique a balayage a emission de champ (MEBEC) et de spectroscopie infrarouge a transformed de Fourier (FTIR), nous avons examine les proprietes magnetiques a l'aide des methodes de magnetometrie a echantillon vibrant (VSM) et de spectroscopie de resonance paramagnetique electronique (RPE), et nous avons evalue la cytotoxicite au moyen du test MTT. Les resultats de DRX et de MEB EC revelent que la taille des particules devrait augmenter en fonction de l'augmentation de la temperature de calcination. Les spectres FTIR indiquent la presence de bandes d'absorption dans la region de 390 a 560 [cm.sup.-1] aux deux temperatures de calcination etudiees, une caracteristique commune du spinelle de ferrite. De plus, l'analyse VSM montre que les proprietes superparamagnetiques diminuent avec l'augmentation de la temperature de calcination. Nous avons evalue que le temps de relaxation spin-spin etait un parametre important dans l'augmentation de la qualite des images de resonance magnetique par spectroscopie RPE. Les resultats de la RPE montrent que le temps de relaxation spin-spin ([T.sub.2]) augmente en fonction de l'augmentation de la temperature de calcination. Le test MTT en vue d'evaluer les effets cytotoxiques a differentes concentrations sur des cellules fibroblastiques humaines normales (HU-02) montre que les nanoparticules de Mg[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.4] ont entraine la mort des cellules de maniere proportionnelle a la dose. Cette etude a permis de demontrer qu'il est possible d'ameliorer le contraste spin-spin ([T.sub.2]) en diminuant la temperature de calcination. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : ferrites de magnesium, nanoparticules superparamagnetiques, sol-gel, temperatures de calcination, relaxation spin-spin ([T.sub.2]), 1. Introduction Today, magnetic nanoparticles have found wide applications in various industries. These particles' small size and magnetic properties provide the ability to function at the cellular and molecular levels. [...]

Purpose: To conduct an umbrella review of systematic reviews on functional electrical stimulation (FES) to improve walking in adults with an upper motor neuron lesion. Methods: Five electronic databases were searched, focusing on the effect of FES on walking. The methodological quality of reviews was evaluated using AMSTAR2 and certainty of evidence was established through the GRADE approach. Results: The methodological quality of the 24 eligible reviews (stroke, n = 16; spinal cord injury (SCI), n = 5; multiple sclerosis (MS); n = 2; mixed population, n = 1) ranged from critically low to high. Stroke reviews concluded that FES improved walking speed through an orthotic (immediate) effect and had a therapeutic benefit (i.e., over time) compared to usual care (low certainty evidence). There was low‐to‐moderate certainty evidence that FES was no better or worse than an Ankle Foot Orthosis regarding walking speed post 6 months. MS reviews concluded that FES had an orthotic but no therapeutic effect on walking. SCI reviews concluded that FES with or without treadmill training improved speed but combined with an orthosis was no better than orthosis alone. FES may improve quality of life and reduce falls in MS and stroke populations. Conclusion: FES has orthotic and therapeutic benefits. Certainty of evidence was low‐to‐moderate, mostly due to high risk of bias, low sample sizes, and wide variation in outcome measures. Future trials must be of higher quality, use agreed outcome measures, including measures other than walking speed, and examine the effects of FES for adults with cerebral palsy, traumatic and acquired brain injury, and Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]