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This paper goes into the challenges faced in the teaching of geometry, emphasizing its foundational principles. It investigates an alternate viewpoint by relating geometric principles to verses from the Holy Quran, implying that geometric conceptions have a spiritual and intellectual dimension. The historical contributions of Islam to geometric sciences are also examined, emphasizing the confluence between religion and geometry. The historical context of geometry in Islamic education is also explored, with an emphasis on the substantial contributions of some Muslim scholars to the topic between the 9th and 15th centuries. The literature overview presents much research on geometry education, including inquiry-based techniques, academic talent profiles, and the impact of various teaching methods on student achievement. Despite the variety of teaching methods, obstacles such as curriculum issues, teacher training, and student attitudes continue. In addressing the complexity of geometry teaching, the methodologies section highlights the significance of appropriate research design. The traditional teaching style and activity-based teaching/learning are addressed as two opposing methods. The latter is praised for its ability to foster innovative learning experiences. The results and discussion section critically assesses the “Foundations of Geometry” curriculum at top universities, identifying issues that need to be revised to line with contemporary expectations. The obstacles to teaching geometry are examined, including students’ apathy and lack of prior knowledge, and solutions such as real-world examples, continual professional development, and activity-based teaching approaches are proposed. Finally, the article proposes a comprehensive reevaluation of geometry education that takes historical, religious, and current perspectives into account. It emphasizes the need for dynamic teaching methods, technology integration, and a revamped curriculum to make geometry more accessible and entertaining for students.

Two-dimensions finite difference methods were used to solve the parabolic equation. In the article, the solution of the problem was calculated numerically using explicit, semi-explicit and implicit schemes to solve the heat distribution equation. comparison with experimental data was carried out.

Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative, spiral-shaped, and microaerophilic bacteria which can cause life-threatening diseases. It is known that more than 55% of the human population in the world is already infected by this bacterium. The traditional treatment of H. pylori infection consists of a combination of two or more antibiotics. However, H. pylori has evolved to turning its shape from spiral to coccoid form in the presence of antibiotics and this decreases the therapeutic efficacies of conventional antibiotic applications. Resuscitation promoter factor (RPF) is a protein secreted by Micrococcus luteus have significant resuscitation effects on some bacteria especially in the group of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) pathogens. However, there is no study in the literature investigating the resuscitation effects of RPF derived from M. luteus on H. pylori in order to change its form from coccoid to spiral. The purpose of this study is to investigate the resuscitation effect of RPF-containing metabolites isolated from M. luteus on the morphological transformation of H. pylori coccoid forms to spiral forms in order to increase their susceptibilities to antibiotic treatments. Rpf-containing metabolites were primarily obtained from M. luteus culture supernatants. H. pylori was exposed to five different conditions such as prolonged culture, incubation at + 4 °C, incubation at + 22 °C, cultivation in PBS and treatment with kanamycin in order to induce transformations of bacteria to coccoid forms. Induced H.pylori coccoids were characterized by inverted microscope, UV spectrophotometer, SEM imaging, and flow-cytometer. As a result, it was found that the most suitable condition for inducing coccoid forms was cultivation of bacteria with kanamycin. Followingly, different concentrations of RPF-containing metabolites were applied on H. pylori coccoids induced by kanamycin. For the first time in this study, it was determined that the Rpf-containing metabolites obtained from M. luteus demonstrated very high resuscitation effect on kanamycin-induced H. pylori coccoid forms. This new approach for resuscitation of H. pylori coccoids is thought to play an important role in increasing the treatment effectiveness of the conventional antibiotics against the infection.

The present study reports the anticancer activities of Cuminum cyminum L. (Cumin) seed extract, chemically synthetized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Bio-AgNPs) from Cumin seeds on human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and human breast adenocarcinoma metastatic cell line (AU565). The synthetized nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cytotoxic and anticancer effects of AgNPs and Bio-AgNPs were determined by MTT assay. According to the cytotoxicity analysis, Bio-AgNPs appears to be less toxic against J774 macrophage cells than AgNPs since IC 50 values were measured as 0.75 and 1.25 μg/ml for AgNPs and Bio-AgNPs, respectively. On the other hand, Bio-AgNPs demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on human breast cancer cells at non-toxic concentrations such as 0.25 and 0.5 μg/ml. However, at increased concentrations, the lethal effects of AgNPs on breast cancer cells were higher than Bio-AgNPs. When cytotoxic and anticancer characteristics of Cumin extract were investigated, it was established that it did not show any inhibitory effect on J774 cells, while killing the half of MCF-7 cells at investigated concentrations. Interestingly, Cumin extract gave rise to no inhibitory effects against AU565 cells. On the other hand, AgNPs and Bio-AgNPs exhibited considerable anticancer activities on both cell lines. The inhibition percentages of AgNPs on MCF-7 and AU565 cell lines were respectively evaluated as 95% and 97% at the highest concentrations applied (12.5 μg/ml). Similarly, we determined that 87.5% and 96% of MCF-7 and AU565 cells were respectively inhibited when they were exposed to the highest concentrations of Bio-AgNPs. Considering relatively toxic-free features of Bio-AgNPs prepared from Cuminum cyminum L. seed extracts, it can be thought that this formulation will be a pioneer in development of nanotechnology-based new anticancer drug for the treatment of breast cancer in near future., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction : Helicobacter Pylori (H.Pylori) is a pathogen that infects about 50% of the world's population and is known to be responsible for gastroduodenal diseases such as atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer and stomach cancer. Nowadays, there is no treatment that ensures complete eradication. In addition, resistance to antibiotics used in the current treatment adversely affects the success rates in the fight against infection. Areas covered : This article take attention to treatment approaches using nanoparticles as an alternative to H.Pylori treatment to cope with increased antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current limitations and new promising altenatives in treatment of H.Pylori, to highlight the location of nanotechnology to overcome treatment failures, and to emphasize the advantages of using membrane-coated nanoparticles for the first time. Expert opinion : Because of the current problems in the treatment of H.Pylori, there is increasing interest in alternative approaches including nanotechnology. The strong antibacterial effects of metallic nanoparticles, the advantages of polymeric nanoparticles in drug delivery and drug protection, and the prominent properties of membrane-coated nanoparticles in direct targeting demonstrate the significance of nanotechnology in developing new approaches for treatment of H.Pylori infection.