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Immune checkpoints comprise diverse receptors and ligands including costimulatory and inhibitory molecules, which play monumental roles in regulating the immune system. Immune checkpoints retain key potentials in maintaining the immune system homeostasis and hindering the malignancy development and autoimmunity. The expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints delineates an increase in a plethora of metastatic tumors and the inhibition of these immune checkpoints can be followed by promising results. On the other hand, the stimulation of costimulatory immune checkpoints can restrain the metastasis originating from diverse tumors. From the review above, key findings emerged regarding potential functions of inhibitory and costimulatory immune checkpoints targeting the metastatic cascade and point towards novel potential Achilles' heels of cancer that might be exploited therapeutically in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

miR‐29 family is one of the small noncoding RNAs and has a very important role in many physiologic and pathologic functions through regulating the target genes that play roles in various bioprocesses such as proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Thus, we aim to survey the potential of the miR‐29 family in normal model and development and progression of malignancy in this study. In addition, the potential role of miR‐29 family has been studied as the clinical marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of many cancers as the potential targets to treat cancer. Moreover, it was stated in summary that the herbal compounds can regulate miR‐29 family in cancers. Therefore, regulating the expression of the miR‐29 family in a variety of cancers can be a new strategy to obtain better results from cancerous patients' treatment in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The novel coronavirus 2019 can lead to a vast range of respiratory complications, from mild to severe, driving to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Common symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, fatigue, and dry cough, which can lead to complications, such as gastrointestinal disorders, and liver, cardiac, and renal dysfunctions. Alteration in the hematological markers is one of the COVID-19 diseases evaluated by our study. Materials and Methods: In this study, hematological markers, including the levels of ESR, BS, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, platelet, WBC, RBC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte, have been assessed and compared in both case and control groups. Furthermore, we assessed the associations between hematological parameters, clinical manifestations, and underlying medical conditions. Results: Our data showed that RBC, HCT, and ESR were significantly associated with the novel coronavirus 2019 infection according to the disease progression. ESR (P= 0.022), Hb (P= 0.032), and BS (P= 0.01) levels in male people infected by SARSCoV-2 proved to have a significant relationship with the control group. Moreover, BS, Hb, HCT, ESR, and neutrophil showed significant variations in diabetic individuals suffering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion: The dropping of the hematological markers in COVID-19 is linked with a noticeably increased mortality rate, while high neutrophil and BS levels are related to aggravation of the disease. Monitoring the hematological markers can contribute significantly to selecting the proper treatment and hamper of disease worsening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the effects of grower diet with differing crude protein (CP) and metabolisable energy (ME) levels on the body weight (BW), live weight gain (LWG), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and carcass characteristics of chukar partridge raised in captivity. Chukar partridges were fed on grower diets containing 3 levels of CP (14, 16 and 18%) and 3 levels of ME (2800,3000 and 3200 kcal/kg) from 8 to 16 weeks of age. There were no significant effects of ME and CP on BW and LWG at 16 weeks of age. The FC and FCR for 8 to 16 weeks period were not affected by dietary CP levels. But the daily mean FC and FCR decreased when the ME level of grower diet increased, the lowest FC and FCR were in partridges fed on a diet containing 3200 kcal/kg ME. The carcass and breast+back weights of male partridges affected by dietary ME levels, the lowest carcass and breast+back weights of male partridges were in groups fed on a diet containing 3000 kcal/kg ME. Weights of all carcass components of the male partridges were greater than those of the carcass components of the females. There were no significant interaction between CP and ME levels on BW, LWG, FC, FCR and carcass characteristics. It was concluded that the grower diet for chukar partridge raised for meat production should contain at least 14% CP and 2800 kcal/kg ME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• DC vaccine therapy in AML management. • Prospects of DC vaccination in AML. • AML patients improved via DC vaccine therapy. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is classified as a hematologic malignancy characterized by the proliferation of immature blood cells within the bone marrow (BM), resulting in an aberrant and unregulated cellular growth. The primary therapeutic modalities for AML include chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, it is important to note that these treatments are accompanied by important adverse effects and mortality rates. Therefore, the need for more effective treatment options seems necessary, and dendritic cell (DC) vaccine therapy can be one of these options. In this study, we aim to investigate the effectiveness of DC vaccination therapy for the management of AML. PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for this systematic review. The articles were evaluated based on the inclusion criteria of this study and initially compared in terms of titles or abstracts. Finally, the articles related to the topic of this review were obtained in full text. The complete remission and partial remission, survival, correlative immune assays, and health-related metrics were used to evaluate this cellular immunotherapy effectiveness. The quality of the studies was assessed independently using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tools. The compiled data were input into a standard Excel spreadsheet. Each domain was evaluated as having either a "low risk," "high risk," or "unclear risk" of bias. Among the 3986 studies that were determined, a total of 11 correlated trials were selected for inclusion in this systematic review. DC vaccine therapy was effective in inducing complete and partial remission, and stabilization of the disease. Additionally, it was discovered that the treatment strengthened the immune system as seen by increased levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Th1 cytokines, WT1-specific T cells, and activated NK cells. We conducted a systematic review that supports the use of DC vaccine therapy as an effective treatment for AML. The therapy demonstrated potentials in achieving remission, enhancing the immune system function, and increasing overall survival. However, more studies are required to improve the methods of preparing and delivering the DC vaccine, and to confirm its long-term safety and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Immune checkpoints are the regulators of the immune system as well as several cancers, including blood malignancies. • Immune checkpoints are considered as clinical markers in blood malignancies and also as potential targets for the treatment of this cancer type. • The regulation of immune checkpoints in blood cancers can be employed as a novel strategy to obtain effective results in blood cancers treatment. Immune checkpoints are the regulators of the immune system, which include stimulatory and inhibitory receptors. They play substantial roles in the maintenance of immune system homeostasis and the prevention of autoimmunity and cancer. In the current review, immune checkpoints roles are surveyed in the initiation, progression, and treatment of blood malignancies. The significant roles of immune checkpoints are discussed as clinical markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of a plethora of blood malignancies and also as potential targets for the treatment of these malignancies. It could be concluded that the regulation of immune checkpoints in various blood cancers can be employed as a novel strategy to obtain effective results in leukemia treatment and introduce immune checkpoint inhibitors as sufficient weapons against blood cancers in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The available evidence has increasingly demonstrated that a combination of genetic and epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation, could be considered as causing leukemia. Epigenetic changes and methylation of the suppressor of the cytokine signaling 1 promoter (SOCS1) CpG region silence SOCS1 expression in cancer. In the current study, we evaluated the impact of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and RG108 on SOCS1 promoter methylation and expression in U937 cells. Methods: In the current study, U937 leukemic cells were treated with EGCG and RG108 for 12, 24, 48, and 72 h and SOCS1 promoter methylation and its expression were measured by methylationspecific PCR (MSP) and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. Results: The outcomes indicated that the SOCS1 promoter is methylated in U937 cells, and treatment of these cells with either EGCG or RG108 reduced its methylation. Moreover, we observed that SOCS1 expression was significantly upregulated in a time-dependent manner by both EGCG and RG108 in U937 cells compared with control cells. In the RG108-treated group at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, SOCS1 expression was upregulated by 1, 4.2, 16.6, and 32.6 -fold respectively, and in the EGCG-treated group, by 0.5, 3.2, 10.8, and 22.3 -fold, respectively. Conclusions: Treatment with either EGCG or RG108 reduced SOCS1 promoter methylation and increased SOCS1 expression in U937 cells in a time-dependent manner, which may play a role in leukemia therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), a chronic autoimmune disease with a wide range of manifestations such as, skin rashes, arthritis, fatigue, neurologic symptoms, stroke, glomerulonephritis, cardiovascular symptoms, and involvement of the lungs. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is not common among SLE patients, but the mortality rate of DAH associated with SLE is reported to be significant. We report a 35 years old woman that diagnosed systemic lupus erythematous presenting with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness improves and the risk of cardiovascular diseases decreases through regular exercise. However, the exact mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on some plasma angiogenic factors in normal rats. Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups of control and trained (n = 10 each). The rats in the trained group undertook one training session per day, 3 days a week, for 4 weeks. Blood samples were taken and plasma glucose, lipid profile, nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble form of VEGF receptor-1 (sFlt-1) concentrations were determined. Findings: Differences in plasma insulin, glucose, and NO were not significant between the trained and control groups (P > 0.05). Plasma VEGF concentrations were 142.73 ± 3.74 pg/ml and 144.5 ± 5.1 pg/ml in the control and trained rats (P > 0.05), i.e. resistance training did not significantly change plasma VEGF in trained rats. There were no significant differences in plasma sFlt-1 concentrations between the two groups (P > 0.05). Moreover, resistance training could not change VEGF/sFlt-1 ratio in the two groups of animals. Conclusion: Present data showed that resistance training could not be an effective approach to improve plasma angiogenic factors (NO, VEGF, VEGF receptor-1) at least in healthy rats. More research is needed to show the effects of resistance training on angiogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]