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The improvement in quality of education including ECE/Play group/ Nursery/ Kachi/Prep/Pakki/ kindergarten at primary school level in context of teachers’ knowledge and skills is very important. The study was descriptive (survey) in nature. Total numbers of (N =3529) in Bannu Division were the population of the study, and ECE teachers were the target population of the study in which the total numbers of (n = 360) teachers were taken as sample of the study through simple random and stratified sampling techniques. Main objective of the study was to examine knowledge and professional skills of ECE public and private school teachers in Pakistan. Data were collected over teachers’ competencies inventory. Validity and reliability of research instrument were ensured. Results and conclusions were drawn by revealing that GPS teachers were better than private school teachers. Thus, some recommendations were offered to government, education department, policy and decision makers, planners, educationists, philosophers, and teachers’ trainers to promote the quality of ECE Education in Pakistan by promoting the teachers’ knowledge, competency and professional skills.

The study aimed to look for the participation and comparison of gender-based teachers involvement in the development of various personality traits of students at secondary school level. To answer the research questions, a sequential explanatory mixed method design was adopted. The Southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were taken as a source of data. The researcher selected 361 secondary school teachers as a sample through simple random sampling technique. For collection of data Big Five Factors Personality Inventory developed by Buchanan(2001) were adapted. Results of the study revealed that mostly teachers are strongly agree that they have their role in extroversion personality trait development. Significance difference found between male and female teachers involvement as “Extroversion†and “Conscientiousness†while no significance difference found between male and female teachers involvement as “Agreeableness†, “Neuroticism†and “Openness to Experiences†.

The major purpose of this article was to disclose the quality of education in the Muslim world and try to clarify the misperceptions in the West and in the Muslim world about Islamic education. It also tries to highlight the efforts of Islamic scholars in filling the gaps between them. Education in the Muslim world and Islamic education have gained much attention in the past few years due to the perceived link between those issues and concerns for development and security in the Muslim world and beyond. This paper attempts to define Islamic education, provide an in-depth analysis of the educational systems and Islamic education in the Muslim world, using political-historical, socio-cultural, and religious analytical approaches, and identify challenges in improving Islamic education. The paper concludes with a synthesis of approaches and strategies for improving education in Islamic schools of Islamic world.

Secondary school teachers have repeatedly ranked disruptive behaviour as one of the most serious hurdle in effective teaching learning process in the classroom. It has also been reported that the students in public schools feel insecure due to lack of effective disciplinary measures and probable for aggression and unpleasant situation. Teachers are often not well prepared to manage classrooms’ discipline. The present study aimed to investigate the types and causes of disruptive behaviour in classroom at secondary level. Teachers who were teaching in the secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa constituted the population of the study. Five hundred (500) teachers were taken as sample, using multi-stage random sampling method. A questionnaire was developed on five point Likert Scale and was distributed among the sampled teachers and collected their responses regarding the types and causes of students’ disruptive behaviour in classroom. Some of the types of disruptive behaviour were reported unanimously reported by most of the teacher however a significant deviation has been reported. It is recommended that the disruptive behaviour of students of secondary schools in Pakistan needs an extensive attention of educators, policy makers and the government to address this area for quality education in the country. For this purpose proper trainings may be arranged for administrators and teachers to equip them regarding disruptive behavior and classroom management.

The study aimed at to find out different causes of students’ absenteeism at secondary level in district Bannu, to sort out social, political and economic factors involved in the students’ absenteeism at secondary level. All secondary level students’ of district Bannu constituted population of the study.100 students who frequently remained absent from the schools were conveniently selected as a sample of the study. Percentages have been used as statistical technique to analyze the data. Results of the study showed that most frequent causes of the absence of the students from the schools were their families’ participation in social activities, students help their parents in their work, too much home work and too many tests and examinations. It was recommended that by the care and concentration of parents, children can be encouraged to go to school. Availability of the school building, furniture, adequate libraries and clean and healthy environment, introducing modern methods and techniques, keeping in view the interests and needs of the children, providing financial aid to the students who are unable to afford the educational expenses, teachers’ sympathetic attitude are factors which can motivate and attract students towards schools.

This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of the cognitive and metacognitive strategies in both learning systems assessed by students at higher education level. This research was descriptive in nature. Population of the study comprised 264 BCS & MCS/MS students from four selected Public Sector Universities and four selected Virtual University campuses of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Total 200 students were selected as sample of the study, 65 from scaffolding based self-regulated learning system and 135 students from formal learning system. Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) originally designed by Pintrich, Garcia & Mckeachie (1993) was used as research tool of the study. The collected data were entered in SPSS-16 and Cross-tab and Chi-square were applied to analyze the data. There were no significant merits and demerits of Scaffolding based self-regulated learning system and formal learning system at university level was assessed by the students. It was recommended that try to encourage cognitive and meta-cognitive skills in which we are lacking behind like concentration, making questions while reading, reading with understanding, skimming, etc. There should be proper time management and study schedule in both learning systems for weekly studying, assignments and notes reviewing. Further researches can be conducted in other situation to compare the results of two different learning systems and to find results in different context.

The general intent of this descriptive study was to document the general job satisfaction of the head teachers working in government elementary schools in context of their school location and size as measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). Therefore, survey design was used to obtain needed information. The teachers of all categories who were working as head teachers in government elementary schools at district Toba Tek Singh (in any area, i.e., rural or urban) in the Punjab, Pakistan (except the sampled for pilot study), were asked to fill the questionnaire. The Urdu version of the modified Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) was used as a research tool in this study. It was concluded that the head teachers working in government elementary schools at district Toba Tek Singh in the Punjab, Pakistan were found generally satisfied with their positions regardless of their school location and size. The head teachers working in urban areas were found significantly more satisfied than the head teachers of rural areas, and no significant differences were found among the job satisfaction levels of the head teachers working in smaller and larger schools. On the basis of the responses to the MSQ, it appears that elementary school head teachers (Toba Tek Singh) in the Punjab, Pakistan were satisfied with their jobs. Policy makers and other concerned authorities should put forth effort to either maintain this level of satisfaction or increase it to a higher level. This may be done by increasing satisfaction for different aspects of job; Compensation, Working Conditions, Social Status, and School System Policies and Practices. There is need to improve the job satisfaction level of the government elementary school head teachers working in rural areas of district Toba Tek Singh. This can be done while providing them some special facilities, incentives, and allowances, like better working conditions and transport or travelling allowance etc. Study on satisfaction and school location should be conducted to investigate the reason why job satisfaction increases with urban schools and studies on satisfaction to investigate more predictors to job satisfaction should be conducted.

Purpose of this research was to find out causes of rising failure of the students’ in the subject of English at Secondary Level. This study was descriptive in nature. All the male secondary schools in district Bannu constituted population of this study. From 50 secondary schools 100 English teachers were randomly selected as a sample of the study. A questionnaire for secondary school teachers was developed to collect data. To analyze and interpret data, simple percentage was used. Results of the study showed that majority of the respondents approved that teacher of English are not qualified and well trained, teachers of English do not teach English in a proper manner, Audio- Visual aids are not used in English class, The course is not compatible to the present time, teachers of linguistics are not present in our schools, English is given importance in the annual progress of the students in school. It was recommended that Qualified and well trained teachers may be appointed for English, teachers of English may use modern teaching method instead of traditional methods, Audio visual aids may be used such as language lab, gramophone, English course may be made compatible to the present time, Teachers may be encouraged to get linguistics knowledge.

Pakistan’s commitment to universal primary education by 2015 under EFA Framework appears elusive on current performance, as participation is low and drop-out rates continue to be high (Govt. of Pakistan, 2009). From the review of literature, social and economic factors were found as two main causes of children dropout; problem under study was to know about socio-economic factors as a cause of children dropout at primary level. For the purpose, forty dropout children and their parents were interviewed using structured interview sheet of ten statements; five for social factors and five for economic factors. The collected data was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted in the light of the objectives of the study. Percentage was used to analyze the data as a statistical tool. Parents and children frequency of responses with percentage on selected socio-economic factors was presented in tabular form. It was concluded that the parents’ illiteracy and their consideration of education unfruitful for their children, their engagement in earnings, financial problems of the children, considering education as economic burden, engaging children in earning, and parents’ poor economic condition were the major areas which caused of their children dropout, and these areas provided sufficient basis for the recommendations of this study accordingly.

This study aimed at to investigate the relationship between parent’s education and students’ self perceived multiple intelligences. All Students of 1st years in district Bannu constituted population of the study. Using multistage random sampling 379 male and 335 female all together 714 students were selected as a sample of the study. A significant correlation was found between Students’ self-perceived verbal/linguistic, logical/mathematical, musical intelligence and their parents’ education, and nonsignificant correlation was found between students’ self-perceived bodily/kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic intelligence and their parents’ education. There was a negative correlation between students’ self-perceived bodily/kinesthetic intelligence and their parents’ education. On the basis of the findings it was recommended that children may be provided various opportunities so they may develop properly their multiple intelligences. Government may make such policies regarding education where education of every citizen is guaranteed.

The purpose of this study was to document age and qualification influence on facet-specific levels of job satisfaction as measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). The Long Form MSQ 1967 was chosen to measure satisfaction levels of twenty job facets. The head teachers with younger and older age, bachelor degree holders, obtained high means than head teachers with middle age and master degree holders. Significant differences were found among different age groups for different dimensions of job. Therefore, no significant differences were observed for qualification. Younger and older age head teachers were significantly more satisfied with almost all the dimensions of the job than the middle age head teachers. No significant differences were found between the head teachers with bachelor degree and the head teachers with master degree for any dimension of the job. Results based on this study provide a sufficient ground to frame the following recommendations; salary of the teachers should be increased, a large amount in annual budget should be reserved to improve the working conditions in the schools, special attention should be given to facilitate the medium age teachers, studies on satisfaction and age should be conducted to investigate the reason why satisfaction increases in younger and older age while decreases in middle age, and studies on satisfaction to investigate more predictors to job satisfaction should be conducted.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between self-perceived multiple intelligences of urban and rural schools students. Measurement of central tendency, mean score, SD for the measurement of self-perceived multiple intelligences and one sample–t test was used for mean comparison of urban and rural schools students. Result showed that there is a significant difference between self-perceived verbal/linguistic, logical/mathematical, visual/ spatial and intrapersonal intelligence of urban and rural students and there is no significant difference between self-perceived, musical, bodily/kinesthetic, interpersonal and naturalistic intelligence of urban and rural students.

This study was conducted with the objectives of identifying the content that promotes religious tolerance, intolerance and strength/weakness of concept of religious tolerance in Social Studies and Pakistan Studies textbooks. This study was delimited to the content analysis on religious tolerance and intolerance of Social Studies textbook of 8 the Class and Pak Studies textbooks of 10 the class published by the NWFP textbook board Peshawar, Pakistan. In the light of the curriculum draft, the content of both subjects of both classes was analyzed in the light of using qualitative methods. In the curriculum draft, three objectives on religious tolerance for Social Studies (Enhance Sympathy for other people, Love for humanity, and Service for mankind) and two objectives (Lay emphasis on the right and obligation of the citizen of an independent and sovereign state, and Inculcate awareness about the multicultural heritage of Pakistan so as to enable the students to better appreciate the social cultural diversity of Pakistani society and used to with the idea of unity of diversity in our national context) for Pakistan Studies were found. The Social Studies objectives were translated only in one lesson and the two objectives of the Pakistan Studies were translated only in three lessons in the text books. There were some supportive material on tolerance and intolerance. It is recommended that the intolerance and hate supportive material should be excluded and more tolerance supportive material should be included. The religious tolerance material should be propagated through educational institutions and media. Further research is also recommended for the content analysis of other textbooks at every level of education in Pakistan.

The major purpose of this study was to explore the, “Family Structural Norms Leading to Gender Disparity in Pakistan”. It was concluded that Females are not consulted regarding their higher education, proper transport facilities are not managed by universities for female students, females have less access to higher education, There are inadequate and a very small number of women’s universities, family structural norms found not supportive for female education, females located in either urban or rural areas are facing the same problem of gender disparity regarding their education, and they have the same views that family structural norms are not supporting for their education. On the basis of these conclusions it is recommended that females should have the freedom to make their own decisions, especially regarding their education, proper transportation facilities should be arranged or managed them, it is necessary to enhance females’ enrolment in each and every tier and streamline of education to bring equity in gender, more women s’ universities should be established, Legislation should be done at central level as well as at provincial level to enhance the females’ enrolment in all tiers of education and all streamlines, and 50% seats should be reserved for female students in every discipline in the universities.

Intelligence plays a great role in one’s life. This study was conducted with the objective to investigate the differences between self-perceived multiple intelligences of male and female. Results of the study revealed that there is a significant difference between self-perceived verbal/linguistic, logical/mathematical, visual/spatial, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligence of the male and female and there is no significant difference between self-perceived musical, bodily/kinesthetic and naturalistic intelligence of the male and female. On the basis of the conclusions it was recommended that students should be explicitly trained and they should provided different opportunities so they may have equal chance for the development of each intelligence, Female should be encouraged to participate in learning activities drawn around logical/mathematical activities, students may be provided both for male and female students with appropriate feed back without discrimination between male and female, Further researches may be conducted to further investigate difference between male and female self-perceived intelligence. Keywords: Multiple Intelligence, IQ, verbal/ linguistic, logical/mathematical, visual/spatial, musica bodily/kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, natural.

The major purpose of this study was to explore the level of job satisfaction of university teachers in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. The objectives of the study were: to assess the general satisfaction level of university teachers, to determine university teachers’ satisfaction level for each of the twenty dimensions of the job, and to give suggestions to improve university teachers’ job satisfaction level. All the university teachers working in North West Frontier Province of Pakistan constituted the population of this study. A sample of 108 university teachers was drawn from this population. A questionnaire following the theoretical framework of Herzberg’s two factor theory was developed. The findings show that university teachers were generally satisfied with their jobs. However teachers were neutral with dimensions: working conditions, organizational policies and practices, recognition, supervision technical and promotion opportunities. The teachers were satisfied with work variety, creativity, moral values, compensation, work itself, colleagues’ cooperation, responsibility, ability utilization, authority, activity, social status, job security, achievement and students’ interaction. Provision of sufficient fund to universities for the availability of modern tools, scholarly publications, properly equipped libraries and laboratories is recommended. It is also needed to provide instructional technology i.e., video cassettes, computer technology, project and transparencies and other modern gadgets in the classrooms. Teachers are not consulted in academic matter which causes distrust and frustration. Their participation in decision making, revision of curricula, and other academic matters must be ensured. A formal strategy needs to be put in place to address teacher’s needs while stressing and encouraging accountability and initiatives. A distinction is needed to be made between the efficient workers and shirk workers. The system of rewards should be introduced to encourage the teachers with better performance. Refresher courses, seminars and training workshops must be arranged for university teachers to keep them abreast with the contemporary teaching techniques and research skills. They should be properly trained in the development and proper use of A.V aids.

The major purpose of the study was to explore the impact of modular teaching on the achievements of students. The study was experimental type. Equivalent group study design was used. The collected data of both groups were analyzed and interpreted using mean, standard deviation and t-test, and conclusions were drawn. The results of the study were in the favor of modular teaching approach, therefore, it is suggested that this approach should be widely used in conventional classroom at various levels of education.

Low literacy rate and poor quality of education are the major drawbacks of the educational system in Pakistan. Our education is influenced by a number of factors that cause this downfall. Some of them are more prominent, such as low enrollment and high dropout rate at the primary level, different standards of education, low budget allocation for education sector, political interference, low quality of curricula and textbooks, rapid growth in population, poverty and unemployment, poor quality of teachers and irrelevant induction of duties, and our substandard evaluation system. Although the government claims for some bold steps to overcome these problems, there is still room for improvement.

Education is the key to development in any society. It is also true to say that the condition of the educational institution in any given society reflects the standard of living and the attitudes towards life of that society. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the access and equity in basic education in Northern. The main objectives of the study were: To assess the extent of availability of primary level schools in West Frontier Province. To compare the reasons of repetition and dropout rates among children at primary level. To understand the views of teachers and parents regarding access and equity in basic education. To recommend some measures for the improvement of basic education in West Frontier Province. Two questionnaires, one for teacher and for parents were administered to collect data. The collected data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted in the light of objectives of the studies. In the light of conclusions it is recommended that more primary schools should be established for reducing distance from home to school for small children particularly in rural area. Moreover, maximum physical facilities may be provided. Measures should be taken to reduce gender disparity in West Frontier Province. Syllabus may be revised and developed according to the mental level and requirements of the students. Education may be made cheap/free and trained/qualified teachers may be appointed wherever needed.

The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine current in-service training needs of university faculty of N.W.F.P in Pakistan. A survey/descriptive research methodology was used to conduct the study. The target population of the study consisted of all faculty members working in public sector universities of N.W.F.P. The study assessed teachers’ priorities for National Teaching standards and their competence with thirty professional competencies using a self developed research instrument. The overall in-service training needs were analyzed and teaching standards were ranked using mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA. The top four in-service training needs by university faculties included assessment skills, use of information technologies in educational setting, communication skills, and classroom management skills. The result of this study has practical implications for developing teachers’ training programmes in Pakistan. The government and donor agencies programs should study how the top in-service areas can be addressed in training workshops. Further needs assessment studies need to be conducted across public universities in Pakistan in order to build a baseline of research data, which may be used by the policy makers before training workshops designed.

This study examined parental involvement in their children academic motivation with the objectives; to investigate the morally and financially involvement of the parents in their children academic motivation in rural areas at primary level. It was concluded that most of the parents are not well aware of their role for their children education. In addition their attitude is of irresponsible type, they do not take interest in their children education even they do not help children in their homework or making arrangements for their tuition and as well as children participation is not encouraged in co-curricular activities. Instead of positive reinforcements negative reinforcements are used to motivate children towards education. It is recommended that proper tuition should be arranged for children and they should also be helped in their homework and as well as they should also be encouraged for participation in co-curricular activities in the school. Positive reinforcement sources like gifts, prizes, curse of their favorite/desirable places, should be used to improve children performance. They should also be assisted in their daily life needs.

The schooling structure of Pakistan, in terms of quality education and knowledge having the lowest ranking position in the globe. Several reasons can be held to blame for this state of affairs.i.e the quality of learning and competency level of both students and teachers in Pakistan is among the poorest in the region. One of the reasons is the low level of educational qualifications required to become a primary school teacher. Another is the quality of teacher certification programs, which suffers from the lack of adequately trained trainers, little emphasis on teaching practice and non-existence of proper support/monitoring system for teachers. Teacher and its role is one of these rudiments. Because teacher is key part of the schooling and learning progression, which faces diverse tribulations owing to which they cannot play their roles efficiently in the education process. This ongoing text is based on a systematic analysis of the on hand text, decisively analyses the tribulations faced by female primary school teachers in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Conclusion of this present on hand study reveals that teachers are not as much should be provoked towards teaching occupation, due to their appointments, transfers, place of posting and individual promotions, rapid rate of bribery and political affiliations and interference relatively than on merit. In many cases female teachers are appointed in inaccessible areas, where they not only faced with lodging and transport tribulations. The on hand study in additional establish that female teachers are overburdened with additional classes due to lack of teaching staff in primary schools, especially on one side female teachers face huge shortage of teaching and learning resources in schools and on the other side there are smaller amount proficient development opportunities for all teachers especially for female teachers. These few mentioned factors have very much affected the procedure of schooling and education in schools. The on hand study recommends that the problems of female teachers could be resolved to somehow by establishing an atmosphere of faith and intensification the system of answerability, on condition that schooling and education assets to female primary schools, providing ongoing proficient advancement opportunities and incentives to those devoted female teachers, making transparent appointments system and making clear promotions procedure just on merit, making arrangement for providing enough teaching and non teaching staff to female primary schools and rooting out the evil of political interference and involvement