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Nowadays Ukraine is experiencing an extremely difficult wartime in the strengthening democratic European values of social life. With the help of the critical analysis method the historical and legal evaluation of objective norms in labor sphere which are discriminatory was done. The comparativelegal method has helped to study the draft's norms on conformity of their current legislation of Ukraine on labor. In the context of the armed struggle for Democracy, part of which is recognition of human rights and strengthening the Rule of Law, legislative initiative to reform the legal regulation of social relations, the object of which is the labor and employment, has signs of an anti-democratic state-political regime. The most dangerous tendency of the Draft is that its content prioritizes the economic system over the individual, which contradicts Article 3 of the Constitution of Ukraine and may lead to severe consequences, examples of which in the history of the state and law include genocides against nations. The Labor Code of Ukraine, dated December 10, 1971, No. 322-VIII is today the only normative legal act that is really able to protect human rights in Ukraine, in particular, the employee, along with the Constitution of Ukraine. At the same time, certain institutions and sub-institutions of labor law need to be developed as a result of the dynamics of social relations related to labor. Instead, the Draft Law of Ukraine «On Labor» on the legislative initiative of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine represented by D. Shmygal does not represent any development of the already established foundations and principles of legal regulation of labor relations, but on the contrary, proposes to cancel them all, which has the characteristics of an anti-democratic state-political regime and discrimination of a person on the basis of work. The current Labor Code of Ukraine certainly needs to be improved, but any reforms of legal regulation cannot cancel the already developed legal institutions on the basis of the principle of the rule of law. Unfortunately, the Project is not of an evolutionary nature of the institutions of the right to work, it simply escapes them, which contradicts the existing regulatory framework of Ukraine, and can lead to an irreparable social situation, examples of which have repeatedly occurred in the historical and legal development of the nations of the world. The methods of our doctrinal research are the method of critical analysis and description, the comparative legal method, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the deportation of Syrian refugees from Lebanon and Turkey between 2017 and 2024. It attempts to bring light on the experiences of these refugees facing forced returns, emphasising the human consequences and complicated causes underlying such actions. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness about the deportation of Syrian refugees and the urgent need for collective action to address this humanitarian disaster and preserve the lives of vulnerable individuals affected by forced repatriation. Using the descriptive analytical approach, this article investigates the legislative frameworks and international commitments that should safeguard refugees from forced repatriation. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (udhr), The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol and rules of International Humanitarian Law will be used as a standard for the definition and legal framework of refugee’s rights. The article dives into the obstacles that host countries confront, including as social, economic, and political pressures. It also emphasises the necessity of advocacy activities and protective measures to defend Syrian refugees’ rights and well-being. The findings of the article are expected to benefit Syrian refugees and raise awareness about their situation, which will contribute preserve their lives and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the research landscape and identify the main research directions related to the topic of trade remedies. The research data were collected by accessing the Scopus database with 289 documents and the WoS database with 75 documents published from 1950 to 2023. After processing the data overlap, 290 documents were used as the final sample for the study. The study employed descriptive statistical analysis; bibliometric analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer 1.6.20 software. The results indicate that publications on the topic of trade remedies have been relatively scarce, but diverse research has been conducted in various countries worldwide. The period from 2007 to 2023 has seen significant development in the quantity of both articles and citations related to the topic. Additionally, the study reveals three main research directions related to the development of different aspects of trade remedies. These include research on specific measures of trade remedies (anti-dumping, countervailing measures, safeguard measures, and reactive and preventive trade defense measures), research on the use of tariffs as a tool for implementing trade remedies in the field of renewable energy, and research on resolving international trade disputes in the agricultural sector. AcknowledgmentThis collaborative research involves scholars from the University of Law – Hue University and Duy Tan University. The authors extend their gratitude to both institutions for their support and assistance in facilitating the publication of this research.

Introduction: Multiple agencies approach has been adopted by the Indonesian government to ensure maritime security and safety. The involvement of multiple actors potentially leads to overlapping authorities and an uncoordinated operation. For stakeholders at sea, such approach is inefficient, ineffective and creates confusion. The situation needs to be addressed to make more a coordinated, efficient, and effective method. This paper tries to address such an issue through institutional law lens. Purposes of the Research: This paper aims to answer three important questions (1) How is the enforcement of security and safety at sea so far? (2) What are the implications as the many institutions involved in the enforcement of safety and security at sea? and (3) What kind of institutional arrangements to be made in the future so that law enforcement at sea becomes effective and efficient?. Methods of the Research: This study utilizes a normative legal approach. It exercises legal doctrines, relevant laws and regulations. It is also suplemented by relevant literatures, books, journals, and media coverages. Results of the Research: This paper finds that the enforcement of security and safety at sea adopts multi agencies where many institutions involved in maintaining security and safety at sea. The fact that multiple institutions simultaniously participate in law enforcement at sea, potentially create overlapping and lack of coordination among them. This also creates confusion and disadvantage to the stakeholders. Therefore, it is necessary to reorganize the current institutional arrangements to minimize the problems on the ground.

In the Ferkla Oasis, much like in numerous other oases across the southeastern region of Morocco, a range of socioeconomic and environmental challenges are intricately linked to the inadequate management of water resources. One proposed remedy to address these concerns is the implementation of artificial aquifer recharge, which stands as an alternative strategy to safeguard the crucial oasis ecosystems. Thus, to evaluate the viability of this method in promoting sustainable water resource usage, it becomes imperative to delineate groundwater recharge potential zones (GRPZs). This study aims to achieve this objective by mapping GRPZs within the Ferkla Oasis, employing a fusion of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), geospatial information derived from remote sensing (RS), and geographic information system (GIS) technologies. In pursuit of this goal, an array of geological, topographical, pedological, hydrological, and climatic criteria have been meticulously selected, classified, and assigned weights following their relevance to water infiltration suitability. This comprehensive approach culminates in the generation of seven thematic maps: slope, lineament density, lithology, soil type, drainage density, land use/land cover, and rainfall distribution. Through the integration of these aforementioned maps, a tripartite classification of potential GRPZs emerges, comprising low, medium, and high categories. The findings underscore the distribution: 30% of the total study area exhibits a low potential for GRPZs, 50% of the total land area is characterized as having medium potential GRPZs, while the remaining 20% is designated as high potential GRPZs. These outcomes have been substantiated through validation against piezometric levels, which have been ascertained through recent field surveys. Consequently, these results stand as a testament to the efficacy of the presented approach as a robust decision-making tool. The approach effectively facilitates the establishment of conditions conducive to viable artificial recharge, thereby offering a means to safeguard the groundwater reservoirs that sustain the fragile oasis environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review paper addresses the escalating operation and maintenance costs of nuclear power plants, primarily attributed to rising labor costs and intensified competition from renewable energy sources. The paper proposes a paradigm shift towards a technology-centric approach, leveraging mobile and automated robots for physical security, aiming to replace labor-intensive methods. Focusing on the human–robot interaction principle, the review conducts a state-of-the-art analysis of dog robots' potential in infrastructure security and remote inspection within human–robot shared environments. Additionally, this paper surveys research on the capabilities of mobile robots, exploring their applications in various industries, including disaster response, exploration, surveillance, and environmental conservation. This study emphasizes the crucial role of autonomous mobility and manipulation in robots for diverse tasks, and discusses the formalization of problems, performance assessment criteria, and operational capabilities. It provides a comprehensive comparison of three prominent robotic platforms (SPOT, Ghost Robotics, and ANYmal Robotics) across various parameters, shedding light on their suitability for different applications. This review culminates in a research roadmap, delineating experiments and parameters for assessing dog robots' performance in safeguarding nuclear power plants, offering a structured approach for future research endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a substantial increase in Indica rice imports from Cambodia and Myanmar, the European Union (EU) adopted safeguard measures to reinstate the common‐customs tariff rate of 175 euros per ton from 2019, with progressive liberalization over three years. To estimate the impact of safeguard duties, this paper uses a sample of milled rice imports from 28 EU importers during 2017–20 and adopts a triple‐differences approach. The results show that safeguard duties have a significantly negative impact on import values and quantity of affected goods and a significantly positive impact on import prices. Safeguard duties appear to induce trade redirection to other third markets but produce little substitution effects for EU rice producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OSHA regulations and industry-accepted standards are intended to be used in conjunction to help prevent worker injury. Despite the aforementioned intention, a point of operation injury occurred to an employee while he was operating a hydraulic rotary bending machine. The machine had been retrofitted with a two-hand control device that was intended to act as a means of point of operation safeguarding. A forensic engineering analysis of both the electromechanical design and programmable logic code -- combined with a performance and prescriptive requirement analysis -- ultimately revealed flaws in the design of the electromechanical system and software design. It also demonstrated a lack of adherence to the applicable industryaccepted standards related to machine guarding. These factors led to the point of operation injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harmonizing Member States’ insolvency frameworks has been a goal for the European Union for the past years, dating back to 2016, when the European Commission issued a Proposal for a Directive on preventive restructuring frameworks, second chance and measures to increase the efficiency of restructuring, insolvency, and discharge proceedings [COM (2016) 723 final], based on the Commission's Recommendation regarding a new approach to business failure and insolvency [C(2014) 1500 final]. This led to the Directive (EU) 2019/1023 on preventive restructuring frameworks, on discharge of debt and disqualifications, and on measures to increase the efficiency of procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency, and discharge of debt, and amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132. One key topic addressed by the “Directive proposal” [COM(2022) 702 final] is the “pre-pack proceeding”, meant to offer an efficient alternative for safeguarding businesses. Underlining the achievements of this Directive proposal by regulating pre-packed administrative proceedings is our scope in this paper

Because of the possibilities that it opens for a variety of fields and practices, gamification has increasingly garnered significant attention. This has put it at the forefront of many significant debates around its applicability and implications. In the case of its application to cultural heritage, although there is much trailblazing to do, the body of work has been growing and the field is gaining its maturity. As such, this paper aims to take stock of the directions the field has been moving towards—to provide orientation for future work and projects that are yet to be developed. To do this, the paper aims to map out the publications in the field of gamified cultural heritage, by conducting a broader and systematic literature review. The study has found that, with regards to who the main actors with publications in the field are, a prominence of European institutions and networks, namely from Italy, Greece and the United Kingdom, can be observed. Regarding what heritage is being gamified and for what purpose, the study found a prominence of focus on historical, architectural and archeological heritage values and a very significant focus on gamification being used for motivation/engagement and for creativity enhancement. When looking at the gamification design dimensions that are given prevalence, intrinsic motivation seems to be prioritized, and, with regards to the observed target publics, tourists and visitors and seem to prevail in gamified heritage projects, with children as a specific group coming in second. Regarding technologies and tools being used, Mobile Applications, Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are particularly prevalent. Regarding mentioned future orientations, the study found that a vast majority of papers are self-contained, both in scope of work and discussion, with most of those that do mention future directions indicating continuation and/or expansion of their specific project.

Recently, rare diseases have received attention due to the need for improvement in diagnosed patients' and their families' lives. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare, severe, progressive, muscle-wasting disease. Today, the therapeutic standard for treating DMD is corticosteroids, which cause serious adverse side effects. Nutraceuticals, e.g., herbal extracts or essential oils (EOs), are possible active substances to develop new drug delivery systems to improve DMD patients' lives. New drug delivery systems lead to new drug effects, improved safety and accuracy, and new therapies for rare diseases. Herbal extracts and EOs combined with click chemistry can lead to the development of safer treatments for DMD. In this review, we focus on the need for novel drug delivery systems using EOs as the therapy for DMD and the potential use of click chemistry for drug delivery systems. New EO complex drug delivery systems may offer a new approach for improving muscle conditions and mental health issues associated with DMD. However, further research should identify the potential of these systems in the context of DMD. In this review, we discuss possibilities for applying EOs to DMD before implementing expensive research in a theoretical way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the possibilities that it opens for a variety of fields and practices, gamification has increasingly garnered significant attention. This has put it at the forefront of many significant debates around its applicability and implications. In the case of its application to cultural heritage, although there is much trailblazing to do, the body of work has been growing and the field is gaining its maturity. As such, this paper aims to take stock of the directions the field has been moving towards—to provide orientation for future work and projects that are yet to be developed. To do this, the paper aims to map out the publications in the field of gamified cultural heritage, by conducting a broader and systematic literature review. The study has found that, with regards to who the main actors with publications in the field are, a prominence of European institutions and networks, namely from Italy, Greece and the United Kingdom, can be observed. Regarding what heritage is being gamified and for what purpose, the study found a prominence of focus on historical, architectural and archeological heritage values and a very significant focus on gamification being used for motivation/engagement and for creativity enhancement. When looking at the gamification design dimensions that are given prevalence, intrinsic motivation seems to be prioritized, and, with regards to the observed target publics, tourists and visitors and seem to prevail in gamified heritage projects, with children as a specific group coming in second. Regarding technologies and tools being used, Mobile Applications, Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are particularly prevalent. Regarding mentioned future orientations, the study found that a vast majority of papers are self-contained, both in scope of work and discussion, with most of those that do mention future directions indicating continuation and/or expansion of their specific project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decoloniality in its inclusive sense, the planetary plays an essential role, the apodictic to complexity allows the understanding of the research subject as a human being in his respect for the human condition and the role of his education and liberating research. From decolonial rhizomatic investigations, where the author is liberated in her feelings and contributions to the investigation, the safeguarding of the human being researcher in planetary decoloniality is analyzed, which is the complex objective of the investigation. With a transmethodology and the transmethod comprehensive, ecosophical and diatopian hermeneutics; in analytical, empirical and propositional moments. With exceptional categories such as: human condition, ecosophy and diatopia. In the propositional moment, the dignity of his own history and complexity: nature-body-mind-soul-spirit-God in his human actions, he recovers in the exercise of his complex way of acting that refers him to an essence of love for the Earth as homeland.

Copyright of Via Inveniendi et Iudicandi is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A good man is a loyal citizen in any country. A country needs good people -- good citizens, for, its name and fame, prosperity and welfare. It is believed that education will make youngsters (since they are the builders of Future India or Future Australia, they are the pillars of any country). The way in which they are brought by the family should be taken care of. Also equally important is the way in which the society rears them up. So both familial and society roles are important. Above all, the writings of a country, in a country, by the country also decide the welfare of a country! If the writings are appreciable and good, we can expect positive happenings and results. If it is in the opposite way, the results will be negative only. So literature not only reflects the society; but also shapes the society admirably and amicably. Literature has a very special duty of inculcating one's own country's culture, values, ethics and justice to its citizens. Writer's main aim should be to maintain these four in a balanced state. Whether the poets/essayists/novelists/dramatists are in Australia or India they should have faith in those aspects. As India has her unique features, Australia too has its own. Poets mostly delineate their country's speciality in their poems. They are the finest record for ever -- History and Literature (poetry) since they are sisters! Is it not the first duty of a poet to make better the society in which he or she lives? Civilisation is an unforgettable aspect. Poets have to play their role best in safeguarding it. How do Australian poets A. D. Hope, James McAuley and George Essex Evans consider Australia in their poems is the study of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a case study of the Carthusian monastery of Durbon in Angevin Provence around the year 1300, this article explores the usage of the legal mechanism of safeguard by exempt monasteries. Though exempt monasteries and royal authorities were often at odds in fourteenth-century Europe, the safeguard allowed monasteries to seek royal protection for their property without relying upon or admitting subservience to lesser lords or bishops. By appealing to the count-king's love of peace, Durbon secured the aid of a regional powerhouse, while maintaining claims to pristine ecclesiastical liberty. By inviting royal administrators to police its rural property, Durbon offered the Angevins a foothold in a strategically important yet previously impervious region. The safeguard functioned both as a representation of the king as peacemaker and as a tool for political centralisation, expanding royal jurisdiction and the temporal power of exempt monasteries at the expense of local elites and their tenants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into Spain's imperative to establish an effective control over the newfound territories subsequent to the discovery of America. To this end, it extended the governmental and institutional framework of the Castilian Monarchy to the New World, shaping a model that endured for more than three centuries. Nonetheless, the administration of these regions posed significant challenges due to their geographical remoteness, vast expanses, and unique topography. The Spanish Crown acknowledged the pivotal role of information in the exercise of power and implemented a postal communication system to address these exigencies. The article underscores the progression of this system and its role in governance, underscoring the significance of dispatching correspondence and its preservation to guarantee the efficient transmission of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the impact of the principles of understanding sunnah in the safeguarding against extremism, Means: dealing with the helping rules for understand the Sunnah which prevent from deviation in understanding it, and it aims to: 1. Introduction to the science of the principles guiding the understanding of the sunnah and emphasizing its importance. 2. Explanation of the attention the pious predecessors gave this science and their application of it. 3. Revealing the principles established by the people of Sunnah for the understanding of texts and their impacts in reaching the correct understanding. 4. Explanation of the danger of not abiding with the principles related to the understanding of the Sunnah. 5. Explanation of the attention given by the people of Sunnah to texts and an introduction to their approach in using them as authority. 6. Explanation of the position of the people of heresy on the texts and their approach to using them as authority and the impact of their nonadherence with these principles in understanding the Sunnah and their deviation from the correct path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of REMAH Journal is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Harmonizing Member States' insolvency frameworks has been a goal for the European Union for the past years, dating back to 2016, when the European Commission issued a Proposal for a Directive on preventive restructuring frameworks, second chance and measures to increase the efficiency of restructuring, insolvency, and discharge proceedings [COM (2016) 723 final], based on the Commission's Recommendation regarding a new approach to business failure and insolvency [C(2014) 1500 final]. This led to the Directive (EU) 2019/1023 on preventive restructuring frameworks, on discharge of debt and disqualifications, and on measures to increase the efficiency of procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency, and discharge of debt, and amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132. One key topic addressed by the "Directive proposal" [COM(2022) 702 final] is the "pre-pack proceeding", meant to offer an efficient alternative for safeguarding businesses. Underlining the achievements of this Directive proposal by regulating pre-packed administrative proceedings is our scope in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Historical heritage plays a fundamental role in society. One of the primary targets for European countries is to ensure its safeguarding so that it can be enjoyed by future generations. This paper defines a procedure for the safeguarding of cultural heritage which is often in an advanced state of degradation and threatened by climate change and the increasing number of tourists. The methodology consists of three basic steps: the identification of the technical elements on which intervention is necessary, the assessment of the vulnerability level of these elements considering exogenous factors and the hierarchization of the most vulnerable elements through the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The case study is the “Patio de los Leones” a world-famous site within the Alhambra and Generalife which every year attracts over 2 million tourists to Granada, Spain. The aim is to set priorities for intervention on the 124 “Macael” marble columns according to the need for restoration. The validation of the methodology and management of the data to achieve the hierarchy among the columns was done using an HBIM model.

Significant changes are emerging in the market of unmanned aircraft systems since 2019 through the publication of two specific regulations that regulate all steps of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in detail. With the implementation of the new EU drone regulations, the role of the notified bodies and the certification agencies will be more important from the viewpoint of product safety and the official certification required by the EU and national aviation authorities. The product safety chain consists of two major parts. One part belongs to the production phase, where the manufacturer has to prove the functionality (it is called the conformity assessment) and another part belongs to the distribution market, where the authorities assess the fulfilment of the conditions of the distribution (it is called the market surveillance). The first pillar concern to the design and manufacturing and the second to the distribution. Each segment is presented in this article and the authors introduce the different control approaches of these segments. It has to be taken into consideration that the drones are representing a special market with notable safety risks that have to be handled during the whole lifepath of the products from the design through the distribution until the aerial operations.

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to gather the perceptions of the Shari'ah committee members on what and how they safeguard and strengthen their independence in fact and independence in appearance during the discharge of their duties. Design/methodology/approach - Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 13 Shari'ah committee members from 13 different Islamic financial institutions (IFIs). Findings - Based on the Islamic worldview and agency theory, the findings suggest that safeguard measures within the context of the Shari'ah committee are strengthened by the following factors: presence of competencies, personal characteristics of the Shari'ah committee members, board engagement, role of the chairman in the Shari'ah committee and accountability to God. Based on the agency theory, it can be suggested that the characteristics of the Shari'ah committee and the presence of an effective governance structure are able to minimise threats to the independence of the Shari'ah committee and enhance its effectiveness. Practical implications - The insights from this study highlight that proper and fit criteria need to be enhanced to ensure the independence of the Shari'ah committee members when performing their roles for IFIs. Moreover, it shows that board engagement and chairman involvement in overseeing the Shari'ah committee in the discharge of its duties is able to improve the independence of the Shari'ah committee both in fact and in appearance. Originality/value - This study contributes to the evidence on safeguard measures in the Malaysian context, which is highly regulated in relation to the Shari'ah governance practices in IFIs. This evidence could be considered by other Shari'ah committees in different contexts.

Copyright of Clio: Revista de Pesquisa Histórica (01024736) is the property of Universidad Federal de Pernambuco / Revista Clio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In South Africa, the Constitution established the Office of the Public Protector to promote and protect the rights and interests of vulnerable members of the public against unlawful government conducts. In discharging this constitutional duty, the holder of the office must be above board, impartial, and function without fear, favour or prejudice. However, if the holder of the office fails to act in accordance with the rule of law, there would and should be consequences. This paper examined the consequences of an erring Public Protector in discharging the duty of the office using a literature review approach, searching and generating contemporary scholarly works in the subject area from the google search engine and jurisprudence from courts. The paper found that the courts shall impose punitive monetary sanctions and the Parliament might institute processes to remove the erring public protector for infractions and indiscretions. This study attempted to plug this legislative lacuna by proposing to Parliament and the National Assembly mechanisms that can be used to ensure that, not only the PP but other incumbent leaders of Chapter 9 institutions may be held to account for their actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to census accomplished in 2001, only 9% of Italian poultry breeds are still widespread. This project aims to describe morphological variability and genetic background among 13 Italian autochthonous chicken breeds, 10 from Northern Italy and 3 from Central Italy. An updated biometrical measurement protocol was established starting from phenotypic characterization guidelines released by FAO. Six traits were registered on each animal: live body weight (LBW), body length (BL), shank length (SL), shank width (SW), breast width (BW), and wingspan (WS). Moreover, all breeds were genotyped using the Affymetrix 600 K Chicken SNP Array, in order to evaluate genetic variability and population structure. Means of BL and BW showed low variability among breeds, with the lowest value in Pepoi (BL = 32.29 ± 1.57 cm and BW = 28.92 ± 1.93 cm), and maximum in Robusta Lionata for BL (46.79 ± 1.66 cm) and in Robusta Maculata for BW (42.33 ± 3.60 cm). On the contrary, average LBW varied notably among breeds, with the highest value for Robusta Maculata (♂ 4,221.7 ± 450.6 g; ♀ 2,831.7 ± 253.2 g) and the lowest values for Modenese males (1,695.0 ± 128.1 g) and Pepoi females (1,293.3 ± 219.2 g). The lowest observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were obtained for Padovana Argentata (Ho: 0.151 ± 0.198; He: 0.146 ± 0.185) and the highest for Millefiori di Lonigo (Ho: 0.293 ± 0.199; He: 0.291 ± 0.178). Furthermore, multidimensional scaling plot showed clear genetic identity for each breed, with clusters formed according to geographical and historical origin of the breeds, which were confirmed in neighbor networks. In conclusion, local breeds have conserved authentic genetic patterns and these results can help improve conservation strategies.

Takeshi Teshigawara,1– 3 Akira Meguro,3 Nobuhisa Mizuki3 1Yokosuka Chuoh Eye Clinic, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan; 2Tsurumi Chuoh Eye Clinic, Yokohama, Tsurumi, Japan; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanazawa, JapanCorrespondence: Takeshi TeshigawaraYokosuka Chuoh Eye Clinic, 2-6 Odaki-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-0008, JapanTel +81 46 827 4001Fax +81 46 827 4141Email teshitake@gmail.comAbstract: A 68-year-old man with senile cataract underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) in his left eye. Only anterior capsulotomy and lens fragmentation were planned with a femtosecond laser. Docking of the patient interface and anterior capsulotomy were completed without any complications. During the lens fragmentation process, the patient could not resist the temptation to squeeze his eyes shut, which caused excessive pressure from the eyelids. As the procedure proceeded, a bubble was formed at the edge of the patient interface and became increasingly larger. In addition, wrinkles in the conjunctiva were observed. As the lens fragmentation was approaching the final stage, the surgeon was reluctant to release the foot pedal to stop the laser emission. Finally, the patient interface lost adhesion to the cornea. Owing to the high repetition rate of the laser, the laser beam slipped into the corneal layers. Under an operating microscope, a grid-pattern laser beam trace was observed in the peripheral part of the cornea. As posterior capsule rupture occurred during the lens removal process, IOL insertion was no longer a suitable option. Therefore, scleral fixation of the implanted intraocular lens was performed without any unexpected events. One year postoperatively, the laser beam trace in the corneal layers could still be identified by slit-lamp examination. Nonetheless, since the laser beam trace was limited to the peripheral part of the cornea, and there was no damage to the central cornea, the visual acuity was 20/20. FLACS has significant benefits, especially in challenging cases of cataract surgery, and has well-established built-in safeguards for complications. However, this case study indicates the possibility of a suction break during laser emission and the preoperative risk factors. It demonstrates that recognizing the signs of suction break is necessary to avoid misplacement of the laser beam on the corneal layers.Keywo/rds: FLACS, complication, safeguard, laser beam trace

Three mosaics from a private collection were donated to D. Diogo de Sousa Archaeological Museum in Braga. One of them presents a hunting scene; another shows vine scrolls with leaves and grapes; the third presents a mythological scene where Pelops and Hippodamia are represented. In this study, we describe these mosaics and we follow their path to integrate the MDDS collection in order to provide researchers with their study and to allow their use by all types of public. As we know, the mosaics’ musealization must be made within the context to better understand the past, but we can’t disprove all mosaics surveys, because due to these actions that are promptly condemned today, except when demanded for conservation and heritage preservation purposes, we can study and enjoy the beauty of many of these pieces.

Purpose: A safeguard program was organized to prevent and protect the autochthon fruit species in El Jerid Oasis, Tunisia. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the grapevine varieties in these oases. Research method: A survey was conducted to detect the existing grape varieties and to count their stock. Ampelographic characterization of the bunch and berry (length, width, weight) and organoleptic analyzes (juice percentage, pH, TSS, titratable acidity) were measured for the most frequent founded vines. Findings: The study revealed a genetic wealth of vines in El Jerid Oasis, Tunisia represented by local and introduced table grapevines such as Muscat d'Italia, Cardinal, Superior Seedless, etc. The ampelographic characterization revealed medium-sized bunches for local varieties Chetoui, Arbi and Kahla and larger bunches for Muscat d'Italie, Sfaxi and Guelb Sardouk. Indeed, our grapevines were characterized by low weighted bunches. The varieties Guelb sardouk, Muscat d'Italie and Sfaxi showed berries with higher calibers and weights. The other studied vines had medium-sized and low-weighted berries. The local vines Kahla and Guelb Sardouk revealed fine-tasting berries with low sugar and acidity. Arbi and Sfaxi berries were richer in sugar with low acidity. Research limitations: No limitations were founded. Originality/Value: This study valorized the autochthone vines of El Jerid Oasis, Tunisia, by highlighting their fruit qualities, especially the taste. Therefore, the plantation of these autochthone vines should be favorized for grape table consumptions.

The aim of this article is to present the dynamics of the valorisation process of modern architecture within the Italian regulatory framework for cultural heritage, and also to point out the difficulties of its safeguard due to various factors. In a context where the architectural legacy of the 20th century is poorly appreciated, the recognition of Ivrea’s modern neighbourhoods constitutes a model for initiating a protection policy for more recent architecture in Italy. Industrial city linked to the history of Olivetti, Ivrea is a unique architectural ensemble, comprising residential, industrial and social buildings of exceptional quality. Its inscription as Unesco’s World Heritage in 2018 is the result of research work and initiatives which have transformed the Piedmontese city, from the 1990’s onwards, into an experimental testing ground for theory and practice unprecedented in the country, aiming at the renovation of its architectural heritage.The ambition is to turn Ivrea into a place of culture and to offer a new image for the city; nevertheless, it is necessary to refer to the circumstances of the territory that has been suffering, for many years, from the effects of a crisis and a decrease of the resources available for its economic recovery.

The aim of this article is to present the dynamics of the valorisation process of modern architecture within the Italian regulatory framework for cultural heritage, and also to point out the difficulties of its safeguard due to various factors. In a context where the architectural legacy of the 20th century is poorly appreciated, the recognition of Ivrea’s modern neighbourhoods constitutes a model for initiating a protection policy for more recent architecture in Italy. Industrial city linked to the history of Olivetti, Ivrea is a unique architectural ensemble, comprising residential, industrial and social buildings of exceptional quality. Its inscription as Unesco’s World Heritage in 2018 is the result of research work and initiatives which have transformed the Piedmontese city, from the 1990’s onwards, into an experimental testing ground for theory and practice unprecedented in the country, aiming at the renovation of its architectural heritage.The ambition is to turn Ivrea into a place of culture and to offer a new image for the city; nevertheless, it is necessary to refer to the circumstances of the territory that has been suffering, for many years, from the effects of a crisis and a decrease of the resources available for its economic recovery.

According to the author, artificial intelligence is a threat to human rights. Assumptions about human nature are being challenged by the predicted arrival of beings who do not live in normal ways but are sentient, intelligent, and possibly ethically superior to humans in some sense. The author believes that this study will generate more discussion on the subject of humanitarian law, but we will have to wait to hear from you if you are involved in such discussions. Our recommendations fall into four broad categories: data protection rules to protect rights in data sets used to develop and feed artificial intelligence systems; special safeguards for government uses of artificial intelligence systems; safeguards for private sector uses of artificial intelligence systems; and investment in additional research to continue to investigate the future of artificial intelligence and its potential interferences with human rights. AI could aid humanitarian activities provided it is developed and applied in a fair and ethical manner. To reduce the risks and maximise the benefits of future technology, human rights concepts should be incorporated from the start. Explanatory models can be used to explain the benefits and risks of an AI intervention to implementers, affected populations, and other stakeholders. Investing in public awareness and education projects can help communities comprehend not only how AI works, but also how it affects our daily lives. Human rights are in jeopardy in the era of technology unless appropriate protections are put in place to preserve society's interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]