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Fiber optic research continues to develop due to the need for fast information technology. The input signal in an optical fiber is in the form of a soliton wave that propagates in the fiber with a balanced index of refraction, dispersion, and diffraction. Fiber optics may lose some of the signal over time if they solely use a nonlinear refractive index. This study aims to examine into the dynamics and decoherence of multi-peak solitons caused by electromagnetic signal attenuation and potential trap in the propagation via optical fibers. The methods used start with the stationary solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger Cubic Quintic equation, the Newton-Raphson method, and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta. In stationary solutions, the p (state energy) and ρ (Lèvy index) values affect the number, pulse width, and height of soliton peaks. Increased p and ρ values lead to increased instability, causing the data transmitted into the optical fiber to collapse and become unreadable by the receiver. In the excited state (p > 0), the decoherence phenomenon occurs and causes wave instability and destruction. In term of energy intensity, a stable form of transmission in the ground state has a pattern of continuously weakening, decreasing, and smoothing, while in the excited state there is a spike in the intensity of the electromagnetic wave. Based on this study, multi-peak solitons can only be applied for propagation distances, which tend to be short due to their dynamics and decoherence.

Marginal soil with low nutrient content is a crucial problem in reducing crop productivity, including sugarcane. This study aimed to elucidate the possible improvement of the physical and chemical properties of marginal soil through the application of organic waste from sugar factories, namely kettle ash and press mud. Nine treatment combinations of 0, 10, and 20 t ha-1 of each kettle ash and press mud were arranged in a two-factor randomized factorial design with three replications. Soil organic matter, N, P, and K, soil aggregate stability, and sugarcane productivity were measured after planting sugarcane for five months. The results showed that the application of kettle ash and press mud, especially with a ratio of 20 t ha-1 kettle ash and 10 t ha-1 press mud, was able to reduce the leaching of organic matter and improve sugarcane growth, particularly increasing the number of tillers by 16%, stem height by 14%, and diameter by 16%. The sugarcane productivity obtained was 58.02 t ha-1. Other portions of kettle ash and press mud did not have a favorable effect on sugarcane productivity. This study provided practical insights for increasing agricultural productivity, especially in sugarcane plantations.

Based on the results of pre-research activities through observations and interviews conducted by researchers in class III at SD Negeri 05 Indralaya, various problems in learning activities were revealed. Scrapbooking is an example of a very interesting still visual media, referring to the art of sticking photos or drawings on paper and turning them into creative works. This research aims to produce valid and effective learning media products. Media validity, teacher response, and student response to scrapbook learning media in Indonesian language content. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model with five stages consisting of Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. The research subjects were 1 teacher and 15 students. Data collection was carried out based on the results of material expert and media expert validation sheets, teacher response questionnaire sheets student responses, interviews, and documentation. Validation from material experts with a score percentage of 96.42% which is categorized as very valid. Validation from media experts with a score percentage of 90.6% which is categorized as very valid. The teacher response questionnaire resulted in a percentage score of 100% which was categorized as very good. Student response questionnaire with 2 trials, namely the small group got a percentage result of 88.88% in the very good category, and the large group got a percentage result of 84.44% in the very good category. Thus, the product in the form of scrapbook learning media is valid and effective for use as a learning media.

The Surabaya City Government launched an application based on an internet site or web page in the form of a data collection system carried out by the local Kader Surabaya Hebat (KSH) to record various problems in the community related to poverty and health problems, the application was named the Sayang Warga Application (ASW). The application that was launched does not mean it has shortcomings because until now the application has never been maintained, causing ASW to be considered less than optimal and this clearly hinders the performance of users in conducting data collection. This study uses the right method to achieve a goal. From what can be traced and studied, the appropriate method is to use a quantitative method. This study uses the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS SEM) method. The results of 12 variable relationship paths, 4 variable path relationships were declared insignificant and rejected because the T-test and P-value values were below 1.96 and 0.05, while 8 variable path relationships were declared significant and accepted because the T-test and P-Value values were above the threshold, namely 1.96 and 0.05. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of factors that influence the success of use in ASW can be concluded, the results of the hypothesis test indicate that perceived ease of use has a positive and significant effect on perceived usefulness. Because the hypothesis path has the highest value with a T-test of 6,560 with a P-Value of 0.000

This study explores the latest trends and insights on digital literacy in education through bibliometric analysis. Using data from the Scopus database and VOSviewer software, the study analyzed 3,386 publications on digital literacy in educational contexts from 2015 to 2024. Qualitative content analysis methods were used to code and interpret text data. Findings show a significant growth in the number of publications, with the highest peak in 2023. The United States led the research contributions, followed by Spain, the United Kingdom, and Indonesia. The dominant field of study was social sciences, followed by computer science and engineering. Lead authors include Makhachashvili, R., with affiliations at Universidad Salamanca and Monash University. Significant trends identified include an increased focus on digital health, information accuracy, and online learning in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study emphasized the importance of digital literacy as a critical skill in a digital society, and identified gaps in the existing literature. This encourages further research to explore the impact of digital literacy on student learning outcomes and education policy. These findings can be a guide for developing a more relevant curriculum by integrating local cultural and technological elements, as well as improving the quality of education.

The purpose of this research was to determine the correlation between the weight of the ovary, the number of follicles, and the quality of the oocytes from the culling female bovine obtained from the slaughterhouse. The variation may affect the potential of the ovary to produce follicles. Paired ovaries were obtained from female bovines. Follicle numbers were recorded and divided into three size categories (small: 3 mm, medium: < 3 mm-8 mm, and large: > 8 mm). Oocytes were aspirated and the number of oocytes was recorded and graded into four categories (grades A, B, C, and D). There was a positive correlation between the weight of the ovary and the number of follicles, which is 0.560 with the regression equation y = 3.52 + 0.501 x. There was a positive correlation between the number of follicles and the number of oocytes, which is 0.546 with the regression equation y =2.48 + 1.204 x. There was a positive correlation between the number of oocytes and the grade of oocytes, which is 0.520, with the regression equation y = 0.93 + 0.800 x. There was no correlation between the weight of the ovary and oocyte grade A, which is 0.013.

Vanadium (V)-doped Bi4Ti3O12 compound is reported to have good photocatalyst properties; however, efforts still need to improve the ability of the photocatalyst through various strategies, such as controlling the morphology and particle size. The molten salt method is one of the simple synthesis methods reported successful in synthesizing Bi4Ti3O12 compounds with plate-like/sheet morphology and reported having good photocatalyst activity. One of factor influenced to particle compound obtained by molten salt method is synthesis temperature. Therefore, in this work, V-doped Bi4Ti3O12 (Bi4Ti2.95V0.05O12) was prepared through the molten salt NaCl/KCl method at various synthesis temperatures: 700, 750, and 800?C and the effect of temperature synthesized on (a) structural (b) morphological, and (c) band gap energy were studied. These studies used X-ray diffraction data (diffractogram), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The diffractograms showed that the target compound was successfully obtained at all temperature synthesis. The crystallographic data indicated that temperature synthesis determined the lattice parameter values. However, there are no clear trend changes that is possibly due to changes in the valence of the V atom. The synthesis temperature also causes increasing the crystallite size but does not affect the crystallinity samples. SEM images showed that all samples had plate-like/sheets morphology and the particle size became larger at higher temperature. It indicated that the particle growth rate was faster than nucleation rate. Meanwhile, the result of Kubelka-Munk calculation showed that all samples had relatively same band gap energy value (Eg(1) was ~ 2.90, and Eg(2) was ~1.85 eV.

Creativity must be considered in teaching elementary school students to prepare them to be more innovative. It needs to be fostered from an early age because children at that age are in a critical period, so it will be easier to teach them to think creatively. The teachers have roles to carry out creative teaching to foster their students' creativity. Creative teaching is influenced by the teachers' perception of creativity, which depends on several factors, one of which is the teachers' self-efficacy. This study aims to examine whether the teacher's self-efficacy can mediate the relationship between teachers' perceptions of creativity and their creative teaching behavior in class. Participants of this study were 38 elementary school teachers who were participants in the Creative Teaching Workshop. The measuring tools used in this study are the Creativity Fostering Teacher Index (CFTI) and Teaching for Creativity Scale (TFCS). The data obtained were analyzed quantitatively using correlation tests (Pearson's correlation) and mediation tests with Macro PROCESS. The results found that teachers' self-efficacy partially mediated teachers' perceptions of creativity and creative teaching behavior, which means that the relationship between teachers' perceptions and behaviors can be explained directly and indirectly through the teachers' self--efficacy.

This study was conducted to examine the implementation of online learning in distance education utilizing the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, as introduced by Garrison. The CoI framework consists of three core elements essential in implementing online learning: social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence. These components are crucial for the success of online learning modalities. This is due to the nature of online learning, where instructors and learners are not present at the exact location or time, necessitating a 'binding element' in the educational process to ensure effective management of learning activities. Consequently, this research involved distributing questionnaires to 317 participants enrolled in online courses at Universitas Terbuka Indonesia. The results obtained from this study were classified as high, indicating that all three CoI elements achieved high ratings. Specifically, the aspect of cognitive presence was dominated by resolution capabilities. In social presence, the open communication capacity scored higher than the affective and cohesive components. Meanwhile, facilitating discourse was rated higher in the teaching presence domain than instructional design, organization, and direct instruction. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that learning across these three aspects is considerably high in the students' online learning experiences. Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pembelajaran daring pada pembelajaran jarak jauh melalui pendekatan Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework yang diperkenalkan oleh Garrison. CoI memiliki tiga unsur yang menjadi perhatian dalam implementasi pembelajaran daring, yaitu social presence, cognitive presence, dan teaching presence. Ketiga unsur ini menjadi komponen penting dalam keberhasilan pembelajaran yang bersifat daring. Mengapa demikian? Karena pembelajaran daring adalah pembelajaran dimana antara pengajar dan peserta tidak berada pada tempat dan waktu yang bersamaan. Sehingga jika tidak ada “pengikat” dalam proses pembelajaran tersebut akan sulit untuk mengontrol pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan penyebaran kuesioner kepada 317 peserta yang mengikuti perkuliahan pembelajaran daring di Universitas Terbuka Indonesia. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini dalam kategori tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dari ketiga unsur CoI berada pada kategori tinggi, sspek cognitive presence didominasi oleh kemampuan resolution. Pada aspek social presence kemampuan open communication tinggi dibandingkan affective dan cohesive. Sedangkan pada aspek teaching presence facilitating discourse memiliki nilai lebih tinggi dibandingkan instructional design and organization dan direct instruction. Berdasarkan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kehadiran pembelajaran dari ketiga aspek tersebut cukup tinggi dalam pembelajaran daring yang dialami oleh siswa. Kata Kunci: community of Inquiry; evaluasi pengalaman belajar mahasiswa; pembelajaran daring

Teachers have’nt implemented HOTS-based questions for learning evaluation, resulting in students' low thinking abilities. This research aims to develop HOTS-based E-evaluation using the Quizwhizzer application. This research uses the ADDIE model with various stages, namely (1) the analysis stage, curriculum analysis, student character, and learning evaluation are carried out; (2) the design stage, learning materials are determined, HOTS questions and research instruments are prepared; (3) the development stage, validation of the suitability of the material, language and media is carried out; (4) the implementation stage, a validation test of the practicality and effectiveness of the application is carried out; (5) the final, evaluation stage was carried out to find out deficiencies in the application. The research subjects were 28 class IV students at SDN Mulyorejo 3. The instruments used are tests and questionnaire sheets. The research results showed that the E-Evaluation of the feasibility test was 90 percent from material experts, 96 percent from language experts, and 92 percent from media experts. The results of teacher practicality were 95 percent, students were 92 percent and effectiveness showed that there was an increase in students' HOTS abilities." HOTS-based e-evaluation using the quizwhizzer application can increase students' HOTS in science learning. Abstrak Guru belum menerapkan soal-soal berbasis HOTS untuk evaluasi pembelajaran sehingga berakibat kemampuan berpikir peserta didik yang rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan E-evaluation berbasis HOTS menggunakan aplikasi Quizwhizzer. Penelitian ini menggunakan model ADDIE dengan berbagai tahapan yaitu (1) tahap analyis dilakukan analisis kurikulum, karakter peserta didik, dan evaluasi pembelajaran; (2) tahap design dilakukan penentuan materi pembelajan, menyusun soal HOTS dan instrument penelitian; (3) tahap development dilakukan validasi kelayakan materi, bahasa, dan media; (4) tahap implementation dilakukan uji validasi kepraktisan dan keefektifan aplikasi; (5) terakhir, tahap evaluation dilakukan untuk mengetahui kekurangan pada aplikasi. Subyek penelitian ialah peserta didik kelas IV SDN Mulyorejo 3 sejumlah 28 peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan yakni test dan lembar angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan E-Evaluation dari uji kelayakan sebesar 90 persen dari ahli materi, 96 persen dari ahli bahasa, dan 92 persen dari ahli media. Hasil kepraktisan guru 95 persen, peserta didik 92 persen dan keefektifan yang menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan kemampuan HOTS peserta didik. E-evaluation berbasis HOTS menggunakan aplikasi Quizwhizzer dapat meningkatkan HOTS peserta didik pada pembelajaran IPA. Kata Kunci: e-evaluation; kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi; Quizwhizzer

The green synthesis method is an economical and eco-friendly approach to synthesizing materials. This study effectively synthesized magnetic NiFe2O4 by Artocarpus altilis extract leave for the photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue dye and exhibited antibacterial properties. The phytochemical compounds found in plants act as agents for reducing and stabilizing NiFe2O4. The synthesized NiFe2O4 was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The variables in degradation include solution pH, dye concentration, catalyst dose, and irradiation time. The synthesized NiFe2O4 has a 12.4 nm crystallite size, a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 44.56 emu/g, and a band gap of 1.68 eV. The degradation efficiency of methylene blue dye was 98.2% under the following conditions: a solution pH of 10, a concentration of 10 mg/L, a dose of 0.1 g/L, and an irradiation time of 90 min. The degradation mechanism of Methylene blue dye may be accurately described by pseudo-first-order kinetics, with a kapp value of 0.0443 min-1. NiFe2O4 has high stability; after five degradation cycles, the degradation efficiency decreased by 4.45%. Additionally, NiFe2O4 demonstrates significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria.

Background: Hyperlipidemia is closely associated with dietary intake and physical activity. Excessive dietary fat intake, inadequate dietary fiber, and low physical activity will increase the risk of obesity and lipid profile disorder among type 2 diabetics. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the association between fat intake, dietary fiber intake, and physical activity with triglyceride levels among type 2 diabetics. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using Sequential Random Sampling on 31 patients with type 2 diabetes with dyslipidemia from Grogol Community Health Center, Sukoharjo, in March 2023. The 3x24-hour food recall nonconsecutive days was used to collect data on fat and fiber intake, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was employed to obtain physical activity data, and the patient's medical record for the last month was utilized to obtain fasting blood sugar and triglyceride levels. The statistical test was carried out using the Spearman Rank correlation test. Results: Around 54.8% of subjects had excessive fat intake (60.90 g/day); 96.8% of subjects had severe deficit fiber intake (9.74 g/day); 51.6% of subjects had low physical activity (894.74 METs/minute/week). A statistically significant association exists between fat intake and level of triglyceride (p=0.005; r=0.493), but there was no significant association between dietary fiber intake and triglyceride levels (p=0.897; r=0.024), and there was no significant association between physical activity and level of triglyceride (p=0.394; r=-0.159). Conclusions: There is a significant association between fat intake and the level of triglyceride. As such, it is necessary to decrease intakes of saturated fat and trans fatty acids; replacing them with unsaturated fatty acids could be beneficial in lowering triglyceride levels.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh regulasi diri mahasiswa terhadap keaktifan belajar pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Negeri Makassar. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah regulasi diri (X) dan keaktifan belajar (Y). Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Negeri Makassar angkatan 2018-2021 yang terdiri dari 397 mahasiswa, sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 80 mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif persentase, uji instrumen dan uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil analisis deskriptif, regulasi diri dan keaktifan belajar mahasiswa Pendidikan Akuntansi Universitas Negeri Makassar termasuk dalam kategori tinggi, dengan persentase regulasi diri sebesar 78,1% dan 76,4% untuk keaktifan belajar. Dari hasil analisis regresi linear diperoleh model persamaan Y = 41,713 + 0,502X yang berarti variabel regulasi diri memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap keaktifan belajar. Dari hasil koefisien determinasi (r2) 0,124 atau 12,4%. Hal ini berarti bahwa pengaruh regulasi diri terhadap keaktifan belajar adalah sebesar 12,4% sedangkan sisanya 87,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Dari hasil analisis uji-t, regulasi diri berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keaktifan belajar dengan nilai signifikan 0,001

The implementation of legal aid service standards, as outlined in Regulation No. 4 of 2021 by the Minister of Law and Human Rights of Indonesia, was expected to enhance the quality of legal aid services. However, in reality, suspects continue to experience inconsistent access to their rights, especially within the criminal justice system. This study aims to investigate the application of these standards across the police, prosecutor's office, and court sectors. Employing an empirical juridical approach with a qualitative and comparative study method, data was gathered through interviews and literature review, then analyzed using content and comparative analysis techniques. The findings reveal that the enforcement of legal aid service standards in the criminal justice system has been ineffective, marked by frequent violations of suspects' rights. These violations include providing indirect assistance, inadequate representation at various stages of trials, appointing advocates not affiliated with accredited LBH (Legal Aid Institute), and advocates displaying insufficient responsiveness and engagement in assisting suspects. Such violations significantly hinder suspects' access to justice within the criminal justice system.

This study explores Drew Binsky's journey in the Muslim world and how it has the potential to influence global perceptions of Islam positively. Drew Binsky is a renowned travel vlogger who has explored various countries, delving into their cultures, traditions, and daily lives. Drew Binsky has engaged with Muslim communities in different countries throughout his journeys, sharing these experiences through vlogs and social media platforms. Despite being Jewish and born in the United States, his perception of Islam and Muslims has transformed after visiting and interacting with Muslim communities. Uploaded and shared on social media platforms, particularly YouTube, these experiences contribute to offering an alternative perspective on Islam to the global audience, challenging long-standing misconceptions perpetuated by mainstream global media, scholars, and Islamophobic politicians. The study employed the People-to-People Diplomacy approach to discuss Binsky's efforts through the videos uploaded on his YouTube channel. Research findings indicate that despite being an American Jew, Binsky holds a positive view of Islam and has shared his perspective through videos watched by millions, appreciated not only by Muslim viewers but also by non-Muslim audiences.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi persepsi dan pengalaman mahasiswa dalam menggunakan gamifikasi untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan keterampilan Bahasa Inggris di era digital. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner berbentuk pertanyaan terbuka dan pertanyaan tertutup. Mahasiswa Diploma II Akomodasi di Akademi Komunitas Manajemen Perhotelan Indonesia menjadi subjek penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan gamifikasi dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris di era digital memberikan dampak positif terhadap motivasi dan keterampilan Bahasa Inggris mahasiswa. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari pertanyaan tertutup, mayoritas mahasiswa menunjukkan tingkat persetujuan yang tinggi terhadap penggunaan gamifikasi dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Mereka merasa lebih termotivasi, lebih percaya diri, dan lebih tertarik dalam berbahasa Inggris. Selain itu, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fitur gamifikasi membantu lebih memahami materi, proses pembelajaran lebih menyenangkan, peningkatan antusiasme dan minat terhadap materi pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris selain itu juga memberikan wawasan yang komprehensif tentang efektivitas pada pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris di era digital. Hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi yang berharga dalam pengembangan metode pembelajaran yang inovatif dan efektif dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan keterampilan Bahasa Inggris mahasiswa di era digital.

Cardiovascular outreach programs and risk factors profiling have been regarded as key strategy in preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases as the leading global causes of death worldwide, especially when being conducted by a professional. This pilot study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a cardiovascular outreach program in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency, to improve knowledge and influence changes in the community’s behavior related to cardiovascular risk factors. This study was conducted by providing educational interventions and profiling cardiovascular risk factors on 90 adults using consecutive sampling method. Health education was performed by experts and evaluated by pre-post tests before and after the material delivery. Statistical analysis was used to assess the relationship of risk factors that can contribute to cardiovascular disease. This study showed a significant increase in the participants' knowledge score after the intervention (p = 0.007). There were several risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the participants, with the highest risk prevalence being diabetes mellitus (33.33%). Six participants (6.67%) had abnormal electrocardiography results. In conclusion, our study showed a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in rural communities and the importance of cardiovascular outreach programs by experts to improve the understanding of cardiovascular disease in a specific community.

Selang drain merupakan intervensi penting dari tindakan operasi, rasa sakit yang parah disebabkan selama prosedur pelepasan drain harus dikendalikan. Perawat memiliki peranan penting dalam proses mengatasi nyeri. Intervensi kompres dingin dan aromaterapi lavender merupakan salah satu teknik non-farmakologis untuk mengurangi nyeri. Desain studi kasus pada karya ilmiah akhir Ners ini adalah studi kasus multiple case dengan menerapkan tindakan kompres dingin dan aromaterapi lavender terhadap pasien yang akan dilakukan pelepasan selang drain untuk mengurangi nyeri di Ruang Rajawali 5B RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang sebanyak 3 subjek. Pengkajian skala nyeri menggunakan Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) sebelum, selama dan 15 menit setelah pelepasan selang drain. Terdapat penurunan skala nyeri selama pelepasan selang drain setelah dilakukan kompres dingin dan aromaterapi lavender. Penerapan kompres dingin dan aromaterapi lavender berhasil menurunkan nyeri selama pelepasan selang drain di Ruang Rajawali 5B RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang, diharapkan dibuat SOP dan diterapkan untuk menunjang pelayanan keperawatan.

This study examined the relationship between the decline in sugarcane productivity and the distribution of macropores and depth of root penetration in sugarcane plantations in Takalar during one planting period (October 2021-September 2022). There were five observation points (P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5) in one hectare of land to measure the distribution of soil macropores using methylene blue solution. Cross-sections of the soil were made to observe the presence of plant roots at a depth of 0-40 cm with a width of 60 cm. In each plot, disturbed soil samples were collected to measure soil texture, soil organic matter (SOM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents. Other measurement parameters were the infiltration rate and plant productivity. The results indicated that SOM and NPK levels at the research location were deficient, serving as the first indicators of problematic soil. Macropore observations revealed that macropores were distributed only at a less than 10 cm soil depth. This distribution limited the penetration of plant roots to a depth of 0-40 cm. The root length density (RLD) value indicated the absence of roots at depths of 30-40 cm in plots P2 and P3. The field findings explained why sugarcane production in Takalar only achieved 50%, around 40 t ha-1 from the first ratoon sugarcane harvest, instead of the expected 70-80 t ha-1.

[Objective] Genetic literacy relates to knowledge and skills in utilizing genetic principles for solving various problems or issues related to genetics. Genetic literacy is an essential ability for students to master, as it is related to various current issues, especially in the fields of health and agriculture. However, research on genetic literacy has not been properly developed from different perspectives, including those related to academic level and gender. Therefore, to fill this gap, the present research seeks to measure the genetic literacy of Indonesian high school students in relation to their academic level and gender. [Methodology] Data were collected using an analytic observational cross-sectional study. The research participants were 1102 students from 55 senior high schools in Indonesia. The participants took a test, which had been evaluated for validity and reliability. The data was then analyzed using ANOVA, and the participants’ genetic literacy levels were categorized as adequate or inadequate. [Results]. The study showed that students’ genetic literacy was relatively inadequate. While academic level was significantly related to students’ genetic literacy, gender was not. [Conclusions] The results of this study indicate that the academic level has a significant effect on the level of students’ genetic literacy, while gender does not. The findings support the conclusion that genetic literacy needs to be considered in education, and that it is necessary that teachers and schools design appropriate strategies to empower and increase students’ genetic literacy in high school settings.

The three highest causes of maternal death in Indonesia, which is bleeding. Severe perineal rupture or what is called OASIS can cause bleeding that can lead to death. This community service activity aims to provide education about perineal massage to empower pregnant women to prevent perineal rupture at the Peneleh Public Health Center, Surabaya in 2023. Partnership programs are needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets. The problem faced by partners is that even though pregnancy classes are running, they do not yet provide material on preventing perineal rupture and practicing perineal massage so mothers do not have an understanding of techniques for preventing perineal rupture. Apart from that, health workers have not mastered perineal massage techniques so they cannot provide their knowledge to pregnant women. Activities are carried out in the form of providing material and practice. The evaluation was carried out by administering a pretest and posttest for knowledge and assessment of perineal massage skills for pregnant women and health workers. The evaluation method used was the ability of pregnant women to perform phantom perineal massage exercises. Pregnant women are said to be able to do this if they can do it correctly. Providing education related to perineal massage can increase the knowledge and skills of pregnant women thereby supporting the prevention of bleeding. Suggestions for community health centers to improve education so that pregnant women are ready to do it independently at home and provide support to health workers to provide education to pregnant women.

This study applies the Elaboration Likelihood Model to analyze the influence of message quality and the credibility of Shopee Live Hosts on the purchase interest of Skintific skincare products during Shopee Skintific Official Shop's live streaming sessions. A survey method was employed, gathering responses from 384 participants across Indonesia. Technique analysis used is multiple linear regression. The results suggest that both message quality and source credibility significantly affect consumer attitude change, particularly in terms of purchase interest. Notably, message quality emerges as the dominant factor influencing purchase interest compared to source credibility. These findings imply the importance of enhancing message quality to optimize the effectiveness of Live streaming marketing campaigns. Further research could delve deeper into exploring the specific effects and magnitudes of these influences.

The Indian Borage plant (Plectranthus amboinicus) is a traditional medicinal ingredient in Indonesia, containing flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, saponins, and essential oils. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of P. amboinicus leaves ethyl acetate fraction using the disc diffusion method and identify the composition with LC-MS. The antibacterial activity test was conducted with concentration variations of 15%, 20%, and 25% with Chloramphenicol 500 mg and 5% DMSO as a positive and negative control, respectively. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 20% had the largest inhibition zone diameter, with an average of 30 mm. The LC-MS results identified 115 compounds, and the highest concentration values were found in kaempferol 3-(6”-caffeoylglucoside) and kaempferol 3-glucosyl-(1→2) galactosyl-(1→2)-glucoside, with a composition of 3.26109% and 3.26141%, respectively.

The movie portrays aspects of human life, including ecological awareness, which extends beyond preserving natural elements like mountains and rivers to encompass human impact, waste, pollution, vehicles, and global warming. This research aims to examine how Toy Story 4 (2019) conveys ecological awareness through verbal and visual semiotics in selected scenes. The study focuses on a 3-minute and 20-second segment featuring Bonnie, the first character to display ecological awareness. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, 237 data points were analyzed based on theories by Kress Van Leeuwen, Baldry Thibault, and Halliday. These data were categorized into phases and sub-phases. While the film's utterances predominantly feature declarative moods (88%), along with imperative and interrogative moods (6% each), none directly address ecological themes. Instead, ecological awareness is visually represented in Toy Story 4 (2019) through visual grammar, particularly interactive meaning, to effectively illustrate and encourage environmental action for young audiences.

ABSTRACT. Diabetic chronic wound care remains a global challenge due to higher rates of infection leading to amputations and death. The development of wound dressing materials with good biocompatibility, adequate mechanical strength, high absorption, and anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties are criteria for ideal wound dressings in clinical applications. This study aimed to prepare hydrogel plasters based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from cassava stems (Manihot esculenta C.) with the addition of an active substance from young papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.) for diabetic wound healing. The methods used included CMC synthesis, extraction of young papaya seeds, preparation of nanoparticles, hydrogel optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), in silico study, and in vivo tests. All products for each stage were characterized by FTIR and XRD. Hydrogels were characterized by testing pH, organoleptic, swelling ratio, gel fraction, biodegradability, FTIR, and SEM. The results of RSM optimization obtained hydrogel with the formula Na-CMC 3%, citric acid 2%, and stirring temperature 70. Based on the in-silico test results, the apigenin compound has the lowest binding energy, namely -9.4 kcal/mol, so it has the potential to heal diabetic wounds by triggering angiogenesis through the VEGFR2 signal. In vivo test results showed that the hydrogel with the addition of young papaya seed extract had the fastest wound healing rate compared to other treatments, marked by 100% wound closure on the 10th day. Keywords: carboxymethyl cellulose, cassava stem, diabetes wound, hydrogel, young papaya seeds.

The virtual assistant chatbot in the MyTelkomsel application is a company's effort to achieve goals and improve business performance. Chatbot as a virtual assistant has advantages and disadvantages. Evaluating user acceptance of the Virtual Assistant Chatbot in the MyTelkomsel application is important to overcome so that users do not switch to using other products. One of the models used to evaluate user acceptance of information systems is the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). UTAUT is able to explain how the use of technology can be influenced by individual differences in use. The conclusion of this study is that the variables that influence the acceptance of the use of virtual assistant chatbots in the MyTelkomsel application consist of the greatest influence is shown in the effect of social influence on Behavioural intention with a value of 5,768. Then the second largest influence is the trust variable on behavioural intention with a value of 5,220. Meanwhile, the variable that has the smallest influence on behavioural intention is effort expectancy with a value of 5,134.

Minimnya pemanfaatan media pembelajaran menjadi salah satu penyebab pencapaian pembelajaran siswa kurang optimal pada materi aljabar di kelas VII MTs Bustanul Ulum Jayasakti. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran berupa game berbasis PowerPoint yang layak dan efektif. Model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) digunakan sebagai prosedur pengembangan media pembelajaran dalam penelitian ini. penelitian ini dilaksanakan di MTs Bustanul Ulum Jayasakti dengan subjek kelas VII C yang berjumlah 33 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu lembar penilaian ahli, tes, dan angket. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa media pembelajaran Almath Game layak dilihat dari hasil penilaian ahli yaitu dengan skor rata-rata 93% atau sangat layak, dan efektif digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran dilihat dari respon siswa dengan skor rata-rata 83,33% yaitu sangat baik, dan hasil belajar diperoleh persentase siswa yang mencapai KKM atau tuntas sebesar 81,8%, serta mengalami peningkatan sebesar 51,5% dari persentase pada permasalahan awal sebesar 30,3%. The minimal use of learning media is one of the causes of less than optimal student learning outcomes in algebra form material in class VII MTs Bustanul Ulum Jayasakti. Therefore, this research aims to develop learning media in the form of PowerPoint-based games that are feasible and effective. The ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model is used as a procedure for developing learning media in this research. This research was carried out at MTs Bustanul Ulum Jayasakti with class VII C subjects totaling 33 students. The instruments used are expert assessment sheets, tests, and questionnaires. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that the Almath Game learning media is suitable as seen from the results of expert assessment, namely with an average score of 93% in the "very appropriate" category, and is effectively used in the learning process as seen from student responses with an average score of 83.33%. in the "very good" category, and the learning outcomes obtained were that the percentage of students who achieved the KKM in the complete category was 81.8%, and experienced an increase of 51.5% from the percentage in the initial problem of 30.3%.

Economic growth refers to the gradual improvement of a region's ability to produce products and services over a certain period of time. Attaining a substantial increase in economic output undeniably demonstrates the effective advancement of economic development. This study seeks to determine the influence of Regional Investment and Expenditures on the Economic Growth of West Java Province. The inquiry utilized a descriptive methodology. The data was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency Report spanning the years 2015 to 2021. The data analysis technique use the Multiple Linear Regression equation. The research results suggest that both investment and regional expenditure have a substantial influence on economic growth

Teachers have an important responsibility to guide students in understanding and practicing moderate Islamic teachings. The author explores various strategies and methods used by teachers in the learning process, as well as their impact on the formation of student character. Apart from that, it also reviews the challenges faced by teachers in implementing the Wasatiyah approach amidst the complexity of the school environment and other factors. This research provides in-depth insight into how Islamic Religious Education teachers can effectively play their role in instilling Wasatiyah values at the primary education level.

Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) whose formulation options are limited due to its low dissolution rate in aqueous media. This research aimed to enhance the solubility of ketoprofen in distilled water and to compare the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of its resulting multicomponent crystal with tromethamine. The binary phase diagram of ketoprofen-tromethamine was created across molar ratios ranging from 1:9 to 9:1. The multicomponent crystal comprising ketoprofen and tromethamine in the selected ratio was synthesized using a solvent drop grinding method and subjected to further characterization for thermal properties, crystallinity, chemical groups, and morphology. The dissolution rate assessments were evaluated in CO2-free distilled water. Pharmacological analyses examined the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the multicomponent crystal. The binary phase analysis identified the 5:5 (1:1) molar ratio as optimal in forming a multicomponent crystal. Thermograms and diffractograms revealed crystalline alterations attributed to a new crystalline phase. The new multicomponent crystal exhibited approximately 2.7 times higher dissolution rate after 30 minutes, outperforming pure ketoprofen. Pharmacological assessments demonstrated superior analgesic effects of the multicomponent crystal. In summary, the ketoprofen-tromethamine cocrystal in 1:1 molar ratio offers enhanced dissolution rate and provides better analgesic activity than ketoprofen alone.

Latar Belakang. Infeksi menjadi penyebab utama kematian pada leukemia akut anak, dengan bakteremia sebagai bentuk infeksi yang serius. Organisme penyebab diduga berhubungan dengan kematian. Mengidentifikasi organisme penyebab dengan risiko kematian tertinggi diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup anak-anak dengan leukemia akut. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi organisme penyebab bakteremia sebagai faktor prognostik pada leukemia akut anak dengan bakteremia. Metode. Penelitian ini adalah studi kohort retrospektif. Pasien anak dengan leukemia akut dengan kultur darah positif dari tahun 2021 hingga 2023 diikutsertakan. Karakteristik dasar pasien, hasil kultur darah, dan luaran mortalitas dianalisis dan disajikan sebagai risk ratio (RR) dengan interval kepercayaan 95% (CI) menggunakan analisis multivariat. Hasil. Sebanyak 110 pasien yang dianalisis. Bakteri Gram-negatif, khususnya Escherichia coli penghasil Extended-spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL), menjadi penyebab mayoritas infeksi. Sebagian besar bakteri Gram-positif adalah Staphylococcus hominis yang multi-drug resistant. Faktor prognosis yang terbukti terkait dengan mortalitas adalah infeksi bakteri Gram-negatif penghasil ESBL (RR 3,25; CI 95% 1,94–59,1). Sementara, bakteri Gram-positif tidak terbukti sebagai faktor prognostik. Kesimpulan. Resiko kematian pada anak leukemia akut dengan bakteremia secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada infeksi bakteri Gram-negatif penghasil ESBL.

In the dynamic landscape of global tourism, a notable shift has occurred with the rising importance of wellness tourism. This research aims to systematically identify and evaluate tourism destinations within Bangka Regency that have successfully implemented indicators of the wellness tourism model. The study employs scalogram analysis to assess the service capacity of these destinations for visitors, considering factors such as accessibility, facilities, attractions, destination cleanliness and the implementation of health protocols. The findings reveal a nuanced categorization of destinations into five groups. From the 14 samples, approximately 34.71% of the destinations exhibit extensive facilities (I), while 14.29% possess satisfactory (II), another 14.29% have adequate (III) and again of 14.29% have destinations with less than adequate (IV). Furthermore, 21.42% of the destinations are characterized by insufficient (V). The identified groupings offer insights for policymakers, stakeholders and businesses to enhance wellness tourism experiences, thereby contributing to the overall development of the tourism sector in the region.

Literacy and numeracy in Indonesia was still relatively low, teachers did not discuss literacy and numeracy material with students. Learning media needed to deliver material, but technology based learning media for literacy and numeracy materials had not been used in the learning process. This research aimed to determine the procedures for making products, the level of validity and practicality in literacy and numeracy material. The model used the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development Implementation and Evaluation) development model. Data collection techniques, including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analyzed in two ways, namely qualitatively and quantitatively. Validation of the media is carried out by validating material experts, media experts and classroom teacher practitioner. The assessment results from material experts were 3.81 (very valid), media experts were 3.67 (very valid) and classroom teacher practitioner were 3.44 (very valid). Practicality was carried out with a total of 19 grade 4 students through three stages, namely one to one, small group trials and field test. The average score obtained was 89%, including the "very practical" category. So, the interactive learning media literacy and numeracy material house of Limas Balaputera Dewa museum in phase B was feasible and practical to use for delivering material in the teaching and learning process in school.

Membrane synthesis through a phase inversion method using chitosan and sodium silicate solutions has been conducted. This research aims to characterize the silica chitosan membrane (SCM) of petung bamboo leaves and determine the synthesized product's adsorption capacity for Pb(II) ions. The XRF characterization showed the silica content of petung bamboo leaves with a percentage of 78.03%. SEM analysis before adsorption is around 13.0 μm, and the pore diameter after adsorption is around 9.7 μm. The results of adsorption analysis of Pb(II) metal using AAS showed that the SCM variation A at an initial concentration of 10.0000 ppm Pb(II) metal adsorbed was 9.8101 ppm, and at an initial concentration of 25.0000 ppm Pb(II) metal was 22.3421 ppm. The variation B at an initial concentration of 10.0000 ppm Pb(II) metal adsorbed was 9.8870 ppm and at an initial concentration of 25.0000 ppm Pb(II) metal adsorbed was 23.5806 ppm. The variation C at an initial concentration of 10.0000 ppm Pb(II) metal adsorbed was 9.9639 ppm, and at an initial concentration of 25.0000 ppm Pb(II) metal was 24.1855 ppm. The results of this research conclude that the highest SCM adsorption power is variation C (2%:22.95%) with a percentage of 99.63%.

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors, both direct and indirect, that affect the success of the learning management systems implemented in the Ministry of Education's "Sekolah Penggerak" training program. The DeLone-McClean IS Success Model was modified to be used as the study's analysis tool. The study employed a quantitative method with 122 samples. The survey technique employing Google Forms was used in the data collection process. The Partial Least Square Structural Model was analyzed using the Smart-PLS 3.0 software. As the t-statistic value was more than 1.96 and the p-value was less than 0.05, all hypotheses testing direct influence on success were accepted. Only four of the thirteen hypotheses on indirect influence were rejected. In conclusion, the DeLone-McClean IS Success Model can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of a learning management system in various e-learning activities.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of conventional, Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Numbered-Head Together (NHT), and integrated PBL-NHT learning models on the low- and high-ability students' critical thinking. This quasi-experimental study used a pretest-post-test nonequivalent control group design with a four-by-two factorial pattern. The analysis results showed that learners' critical thinking was impacted by learning models implemented in the classroom and influenced by the interaction between the learning models and learners' academic abilities. There was no difference in critical thinking among low-ability students who were taught with PBL, conventional, and integrated PBL-NHT, but a difference was found in students taught using NHT. There was no difference in critical thinking between high-ability students taught with conventional and NHT instruction, but there was a difference between students taught with PBL and integrated PBL-NHT instruction. To foster critical thinking, pupils with low academic ability should be taught using NHT, whereas those with high academic ability should be taught using PBL or an integrated PBL-NHT approach.

The purpose of this study is to find out how Generation Z in Surabaya is influenced by the perception of ease of use of the Shopeepay digital wallet and the promotion of cashback vouchers to their interest in using it. Quantitative methods are used in this study. Since the size of the population cannot be determined with certainty, the method of sample selection is based on the guidelines for measuring the sample by specifying parameters. 96 respondents who are Generation Z and ShopeePay digital wallet users in the city of Surabaya were given a questionnaire as part of the data collection process. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on variance is then used to analyze the data obtained. Partial Least Square (PLS SEM) software is used in this technique, which is also referred to as the alternative SEM method. The results of this study show that generation Z in the city of Surabaya is significantly more interested in using the ShopeePay digital wallet because it is considered easy to use and offers cashback vouchers."

Food safety is a shared responsibility of all actors along the food supply chain. Changes in the primary production system can affect food safety hazards along the supply chain. This highlights the need for a framework that enables primary producers (i.e., farmers) to assess the potential food safety hazards and, if needed, to apply control measures. This paper presents a generic food safety assessment (GFSA) framework that has been developed based on Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). The proposed framework was applied to a case study, i.e., the transition from sole cropping of oats to intercropping of oats with lupins. The application of the GFSA framework enabled the evaluation of potential changes in food safety hazards from this transition and the establishment of appropriate control measures. In addition, GFSA users can employ the results to support decision-making process. Our case study showed that implementing GFSA can be challenging for smallholder or individual farmers and may need coordinated action. Finally, effective and transparent communication is critical for managing food safety along the food supply chain, including when changes are implemented in primary production.

PAI berperan penting dalam kurikulum sekolah yang berfungsi untuk membentuk karakter, moral, dan spiritual siswa. Namun, guru sering dihadapkan pada kesulitan belajar siswa. Guru PAI perlu memiliki strategi pembelajaran efektif untuk membantu siswa mengatasi kesulitan belajar. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan menganalisis strategi guru, mengimplementasikan strategi serta mengklasifikasi faktor internal dan eksternal dalam mengalami kesulitan belajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif melalui pendekatan fenomenologi. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Observasi dilaksanakan di SMPN 3 grogol Sukoharjo. Teknik analisis data yang dipakai analisis data kualitatif, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan Guru PAI masih banyak siswa yang kurang termotivasi dalam mengikuti pelajaran dan banyak siswa mengalami kesulitan belajar. Kesulitan yang dialami dalam segi proses, materi baca tulis ayat Al-Qur’an dan keahlian dalam menghafal. Guru PAI harus memiliki strategi pembelajaran efektif dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar siswa yaitu 1). mendekati siswa, 2). menerapkan metode pembelajaran interaktif, 3). pembinaan siswa melalui program rohis, dan 4). melaksanakan evaluasi. Faktor internal yang mempengaruhi kesulitan belajar siswa yaitu: 1). rendahnya minat belajar pada mapel PAI, 2). motivasi belajar siswa rendah, 3). rendahnya kemampuan membaca, menulis dan menghafal Al-Qur’an. Faktor eksternal meliputi: 1). metode dan media pembelajaran yang tidak sesuai dengan karakter siswa, 2). orang tua kurang perhatian terhadap anaknya, 3). penggunaan teknologi secara berlebihan.

Kantor Penghubung LPSK Kepulauan Bangka Belitung merupakan instrumen yang eksistensinya bersifat esensial untuk melindungi hak-hak saksi maupun korban dalam tatanan sistem hukum pidana Indonesia guna memastikan keadilan dan kepastian. Oleh karenanya, studi tentang peran LPSK penting diketahui untuk mengetahui tugas dan kompleksitas kendala yang dihadapi. Metode penelitian menggunakan yuridis empiris dan pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara kepada pihak LPSK, beberapa saksi dan korban, serta telaah pustaka terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kantor Penghubung LPSK Kepulauan Bangka Belitung sudah melakukan berbagai perlindungan terhadap saksi dan korban diberbagai kasus yang tersebar di kabupaten/kota, namun dalam pelaksanaannya ditemui beberapa kendala.

The main problem in this study is the effectiveness of implementing the Service-Based Business Model (MBBL) in KIHT management in Sumenep Regency. The successful implementation of this model is expected to maximize the performance of KIHT management by KIHT organizers, considering that the purpose of KIHT development is to improve excise supervision (reducing the circulation of non-excise cigarettes) and improve the regional economy. This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques through (1) Focus Group Discussions (FGD), (2) observation, and (3) interviews with Cigarette Entrepreneurs (PR) to be able to adjust the services needed in MBBL. Based on observations that have been made using the three research methods mentioned, the Service-Based Business Model (MBBL) in KIHT management in Sumenep Regency, KIHT organizers must provide basic services through the formation of four divisions, namely: (1) Finance and Risk Management Division, (2) HR and Personnel Division, (3) Operational and Service Development Division, and (4) Development Division (Building & Property Management).

Latar Belakang: Pengetahuan dan kesadaran petani mengenai pentingnya kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja masih memprihatinkan. Petani pada wilayah Desa Antirogo menghadapi berbagai gangguan kesehatan karena minimnya penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri. Dibutuhkannya pemberdayaan K3 pada kelompok petani Antirogo sebagai upaya meningkatkan pemahaman mengenai K3 pada petani. Tujuan: Meningkatkan pemahaman kader tani cekatan tentang K3 melalui pelatihan program Saung Tani Cekatan. Metode: Program pelatihan kader dilakukan selama empat bulan di Kelurahan Antirogo, melibatkan 30 kader petani muda dengan sebutan Kader CEKATAN melalui program Saung Tani Cekatan dalam program PPK Ormawa. Metode yang digunakan yakni kombinasi antara metode ceramah dan demonstrasi dalam meningkatkan pemahaman program K3 sebagai salah satu subprogram Saung Tani Cekatan. Hasil: Setelah dilakukan edukasi dengan case simulation method didapatkan adanya peningkatan peserta yang menjawab dengan benar-benar pada sepuluh pertanyaan kuesioner. Kesimpulan: Program pemberdayaan kader K3 efektif dalam mengoptimalkan pemahaman kader CEKATAN mengenai penerapan K3 pada petani.

Abstract Oil palm fronds are plantation waste widely available in large quantities and have great potential as a source of ruminant feed due to their high fibre content. However, the lignocellulose content can inhibit feed digestion. This review examines methods that can reduce the lignocellulose content and improve the nutritional quality of palm fronds. The lignin content of palm fronds ranges from 17% to 20%, while the maximum lignin content in ruminant feed is 7%. Processing processes such as pretreatment are needed to reduce the lignocellulose content. Pretreatment can be done physically, chemically, biologically or in combination with other methods. Physical pretreatment aims to reduce the size of lignocellulose, chemical pretreatment seeks to break the crystallinity structure of lignocellulose with chemical solutions such as acids or alkalis, and biological pretreatment degrades the structure of lignocellulose with the help of enzymes produced by microbes. The protein content of palm fronds also does not meet the feed standard, which is only 5%, while according to Indonesian national standards, ruminant feed, especially cattle, must have a minimum protein content of 14%. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the nutritional quality of palm fronds through fermentation methods. The selection of the right microbes is the main factor in the success of increasing nutrition. The SSF fermentation method is frequently used in feed manufacturing. By synthesizing the current knowledge, this review also highlights the challenges of the pretreatment process as well as solutions that include prospects in the research of palm fronds as ruminant feed, which in turn can contribute to the increased utilization of lignocellulosic waste as animal feed.