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2. Chemical nature and structure of organic coating of quantum dots is crucial for their application in imaging diagnostics

Author

Bakalova R, Zhelev Z, Kokuryo D, Spasov L, Aoki I, and Saga T

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Rumiana Bakalova1, Zhivko Zhelev1, Daisuke Kokuryo1, Lubomir Spasov2, Ichio Aoki1, Tsuneo Saga11Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan; 2Medical Faculty, Sofia University, Sofia, BulgariaBackground: One of the most attractive properties of quantum dots is their potential to extend the opportunities for fluorescent and multimodal imaging in vivo. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether the composition and structure of organic coating of nanoparticles are crucial for their application in vivo.Methods: We compared quantum dots coated with non-crosslinked amino-functionalized polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, quantum dots encapsulated in crosslinked carboxyl-functionalized PAMAM dendrimers, and silica-shelled amino-functionalized quantum dots. A multimodal fluorescent and paramagnetic quantum dot probe was also developed and analyzed. The probes were applied intravenously in anesthetized animals for visualization of brain vasculature using two-photon excited fluorescent microscopy and visualization of tumors using fluorescent IVIS® imaging (Caliper Life Sciences, Hopkinton, MA) and magnetic resonance imaging.Results: Quantum dots coated with non-crosslinked dendrimers were cytotoxic. They induced side effects in vivo, including vasodilatation with a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate. The quantum dots penetrated the vessels, which caused the quality of fluorescent imaging to deteriorate. Quantum dots encapsulated in crosslinked dendrimers had low cytotoxicity and were biocompatible. In concentrations

Published
2011

8. The first histological observation of a C1 posterior arch defect.

Author

Fang, Y., Saga, T., Iwanaga, J., Dumont, A. S., and Tubbs, R. S.

Abstract

Deficiencies in the posterior arch of C1 have been well-studied with incidences ranging from 5.65% to 3% and five different classifications. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of information describing the detailed anatomy, muscle attachments, and histology of cases with a C1 posterior arch deficiency. We found a case of an isolated unilateral posterior arch defect in the 83-year-old male cadaver. Histology revealed that the posterior arch defect was filled with collagen fibres and fibrocartilaginous tissue without muscle or bony tissues. This is the first report detailing the histological findings of a posterior arch defect of C1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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36. MRI of cerebral micro-vascular flow patterns: A multi-direction diffusion-weighted ASL approach

Author

A Wells, J, L Thomas, D, Saga, T, Kershaw, J, Aoki, I, Saga, Tsuneo, Kershaw, Jeffrey, and Aoki, Ichio

Abstract

The study and clinical assessment of brain disease is currently hindered by a lack of non-invasive methods for the detailed and accurate evaluation of cerebral vascular pathology. Angiography can detect aberrant flow in larger feeding arteries/arterioles but cannot resolve the micro-vascular network. Small vessels are a key site of vascular pathology that can lead to haemorrhage and infarction, which may in turn trigger or exacerbate neurodegenerative processes. In this study, we describe a method to investigate microvascular flow anisotropy using a hybrid arterial spin labelling and multi-direction diffusion-weighted MRI sequence. We present evidence that the technique is sensitive to the mean/predominant direction of microvascular flow in localised regions of the rat cortex. The data provide proof of principle for a novel and non-invasive imaging tool to investigate cerebral micro-vascular flow patterns in healthy and disease states.

Published
2016

41. Japanese photovoltaic power generation for space application

Author

Saga, T, Kiyota, Y, Matsutani, T, Suzuki, A, Kawasaki, O, Hisamatsu, T, and Matsuda, S

Subjects
Spacecraft Propulsion And Power
Abstract

This paper describes Japanese activities on mainly silicon solar cell research development and applications. The high efficiency thin silicon solar cells and the same kinds of solar cells with integrated bypass function (IBF cells) were developed and qualified for space applications. The most efficient cells (NRS/LBSF cells) showed average 18% at AMO and 28 C conditions. After electron irradiation, NRS/BSF cells showed higher efficiency than NRS/LBSF cells. The IBF cells do not suffer high reverse voltage and can survive from shadowing. The designs and characteristics of these solar cells are presented. In the last section, our future plan for the solar cell calibration is presented.

Published
1996

50. Incorrect diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection in a university hospital in Japan

Author

Mori, N., Yoshizawa, S., Saga, T., Ishii, Y., Murakami, H., Iwata, M., Collins, D.A., Riley, T.V., Tateda, K., Mori, N., Yoshizawa, S., Saga, T., Ishii, Y., Murakami, H., Iwata, M., Collins, D.A., Riley, T.V., and Tateda, K.

Abstract

Physicians often fail to suspect Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and many microbiology laboratories use suboptimal diagnostic techniques. To estimate the extent of and reasons for incorrect diagnosis of CDI in Japan, we investigated toxigenic C. difficile isolated from all stool culture samples and clinical course. Over a 12-month period in 2010, all stool culture samples (n = 975) submitted from inpatients in a university hospital in Japan were cultured for C. difficile and routine microbiological testing was conducted. In total, 177 C. difficile isolates were recovered, and 127 isolates were toxigenic. Among the toxin-A-positive/toxin-B-positive isolates, 12 were also positive for the binary toxin gene. However, clinically important ribotypes, such as 027 and 078, were not identified. A total of 58 (45.7%) cases with toxigenic C. difficile had unformed stool, and the incidence CDI was 1.6 cases per 10,000 patient-days. Of these 58 cases, 40 were not diagnosed in routine testing due to a lack of clinical suspicion (24.1%, 14/58) or a negative C. difficile toxin assay result (44.8%, 26/58). A stool toxin assay was performed in 54 patients (78.2%, 54/69) who did not have unformed stool. The present study demonstrated that a significant number of CDI cases in Japan might be overlooked or misdiagnosed in clinical practice due to a lack of clinical suspicion and limitations of microbiological testing for CDI in Japan. Providing education to promote awareness of CDI among physicians is important to improve the accuracy of diagnosis in Japan.

Published
2015

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