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Kemiskinan masih menjadi masalah utama dalam pembangunan bagi setiap daerah, termasuk Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Kemiskinan sendiri terjadi salah satunya karena disebabkan oleh tingginya tingkat pengangguran, ketimpangan pembangunan antara daerah perdesaan dan perkotaan ikut menjadi penyebab semakin tingginya tingkat kemiskinan di daerah perdesaan. Industri mikro dan kecil merupakan sektor yang dapat tumbuh di seluruh wilayah dan menyerap tenaga kerja dalam jumlah banyak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pola penyebaran kemiskinan dan pengaruh indsutri mikro dan kecil terhadap kemiskinan di wilayah D.I. Yogyakarta. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis Moran’s I, Moran’s Scatterplot, Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA), dan analisis model regresi Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Hasil analisis memperlihatakan adanya pola hubungan spasial persentase penduduk miskin antar kecamatan, dengan tiga pola hubungan, yaitu High-High (HH), Low-Low (LL), dan Low-High (LH). Tenaga kerja dan investasi industri mikro dan kecil secara siginifikan dapat mengurangi persentase kemiskinan di sebagian besar kecamataan di D.I. Yogyakarta, kecuali di kecamatan yang berada di wilayah Kota Yogyakarta dan sekitarnya.

Indonesia has abundant forest resources, reaching 120 million hectares of forest area. However, the forestry sector's contribution to the national economy continues to decline. The low performance of the forestry sector cannot be separated from the limited availability of round-wood materials for its processing industries and insufficient development of the multi-businesses activities among the forestry companies. Therefore, increasing the forestry sector's productivity is necessary through raising investment. This study investigates the impacts of investment in the forestry sector on Indonesian economic performance, including output, income, employment, and import, using the Input-Output (I-O) Model. The results show that investment in the forestry sector will increase output, income, and labour in the forestry sector and its related sectors. However, with the increase in its output, the demand for inputs, including round-wood materials, will also increase, encouraging a rise in imports. Thus, an increase in investment in the forestry sector needs to be balanced with the availability of roundwood materials and other associated inputs in Indonesia. For the follow-up research, it is important to separate the investment into upstream and downstream activities along the forestry value chain and include a regional aspect in the analysis.

This study examines the price transmission of skimmed milk powder (SMP) from exporting countries (United States of Australia, Belgium, and New Zealand) to the Indonesian market by using the Error Correction Model (ECM) method. Monthly SMP prices in the exporting countries and Indonesia from 2010 to 2019 were utilized in the analysis. The results showed that transmission between exporting countries and Indonesia's SMP prices were asymmetric in the short run in which domestic market price responds faster when exporter market prices increase than when the latter fall. This implies inefficiencies in the import process due to the presence of transaction costs. Meanwhile, there was no asymmetric price transmission identified in the long run.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is typically endemic and commonly found as a recurring issue in many developing countries, including Indonesia. In 2022, FMD has massively spread to 62 districts and cities so that it was declared an outbreak which caused significant economic losses. In this paper, we attempt to assess the impacts of FMD on the Indonesian economy by using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) approach. The results show that the FMD outbreak caused negative pressure on national economic growth, reducing the real wage and consumption, as well as exacerbating trade deficit. The outbreak also induced higher prices of beef and dairy sectors as well as their related sectors. Based on the regional perspective, the main production regions of beef and dairy are expected to suffer higher economic loss than that of other regions. Meanwhile, at the household level, the outbreak caused considerable effect in lowering income and consumption, particularly for rural farm households. Some necessary policies to overcome the outbreak, consisting of establishing a FMD handling post, promoting vaccination, extending financial supports, and maintaining communication and transparency with other countries regarding the outbreak status. Keywords: Computable General Equilibrium (CGE), Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), livestock, macroeconomy, regional

Analisis regresi logistik biner dengan metode estimasi Firth dapat dijadikan pendekatan untuk melakukan analisis pada data kasus jarang (rare case), yang dapat mengurangi bias pada estimasi koefisien dengan metode maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Data rare event merupakan data dengan kondisi dimana variabel respons berkode ‘1’ memiliki proporsi yang jauh lebih kecil (5% atau kurang) dibandingkan dengan yang berkode ‘0’. Apabila data rare event dianalisis dengan metode regresi logistik biner dengan metode estimasi MLE maka hasil prediksi yang dihasilkan akan underestimate pada variabel respons kode ‘1’ dan overestimate pada variabel respons kode ‘0’. Estimasi dengan metode Firth akan memberikan hasil prediksi yang lebih tepat pada analisis data rare event. Contoh data rare event yakni status penyalahgunaan narkoba pada remaja di Indonesia dimana menurut hasil SDKI 2017 kurang dari 1 persen remaja wanita dan 5 persen remaja laki-laki di Indonesia pernah menyalahgunakan narkoba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengaplikasikan regresi logistik biner dengan metode estimasi Firth’s Penaliazed MLE dalam menganalisis determinan status penyalahgunaan narkoba pada remaja 15-24 tahun di Indonesia tahun 2017 dengan menggunakan data mentah hasil SDKI tahun 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 2.81 persen remaja di Indonesia pernah menyalahgunakan narkoba dan variabel penjelas yang memengaruhi yaitu jenis kelamin, umur, tingkat pendidikan, tempat tinggal, status merokok, dan status mengonsumsi alkohol. Kata Kunci: regresi logistik biner, Firth, narkoba

Berdasarkan data yang disusun/dirilis oleh Kementerian ESDM, rasio elektrifikasi di Indonesia baru mencapai 95% di tahun 2017 dan sebanyak 5% rumah tangga di Indonesia masih belum mendapatkan akses ke pelayanan penyediaan tenaga listrik. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, salah satu upaya pemerintah yang dilakukan yaitu dengan memberikan fasilitas pendanaan infrastuktur melalui program Dana Alokasi Khusus bidang energi skala kecil. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya, diduga pelaksanaan DAK bidang energi skala kecil tersebut belum berjalan secara efisien. Dari target yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah, terlihat bahwa serapan anggaran, peningkatan jumlah desa berlistrik, peningkatan jumlah kapasitas pembangkit masih belum optimal. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan yaitu untuk menganalisis kinerja pelaksanaan DAK bidang energi skala kecil. Penelitian ini mencakup kinerja 17 provinsi di Indonesia sebagai pelaksana DAK bidang energi skala kecil tahun 2017. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Berdasarkan hasil yang didapat, ditemukan bahwa hanya 8 provinsi yang melaksanakan DAK bidang energi skala kecil dengan efisien. Hasil analisis DEA menunjukkan bahwa variabel ouput yang dapat ditingkatkan antara lain rumah tangga berlistrik, kapasitas terpasang pada masing-masing rumah dan desa berlistrik.

Industrial manufacturing sektor has the biggest contribution to regional economic development of Central Java Province but in the last few years the output of industrial sector experienced a slowing down growth. This industrial manufacturing sector is influenced by many variables. This study identified the effect of macroeconomic variables on industrial manufacturing sector performance in Central Java Province. Macroeconomic variables used in this study were export, import, domestic investment, foreign direct investment, province minimum wage, labour, road and electricity infrastructure, inflation and dummy regional outonom. The methods used to analyze this study were vector error correction model (VECM). A forecast error variance decomposotion (FEVD) test also were used to show the contributions of each macroeconomic variables to the output of manufacture sector. The result of VECM equation shows that in the long-term both domestic investment (PMDN) and foreign investment (PMA) significantly influenced industrial manufacture output. Meanwhile FEVD test shows export, output growth, foreign investment and labour has the bigest composition on explaining manufacturing fluctuations in long-term.

Digital technologies are the need of today to predict, prevent and control emerging infectious diseases. Bangladesh is one of the world's poorest and most densely populated countries and faces a double burden of two deadly diseases, COVID-19 and dengue. In response to both these diseases, the absence of a digital healthcare system and insufficient preparedness, lack of public awareness pose unique challenges and a large threat to the population, resulting in epidemics of escalating severity. This paper suggests a digital health care and surveillance system based on the internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) for timely identification of COVID-19 and dengue cases and improving the prevention and control strategies in the country.

Abstract Jawa Barat adalah wilayah dengan jumlah penduduk terbesar dan memiliki ketimpangan pembangunan level tinggi. Perekonomian masih didominasi wilayah yang dekat pusat pemerintahan. Upaya untuk menanggulangi ketidaksetaraan pembangunan adalah dengan pembangunan berkonsep dimensi kewilayahan. Terdapat enam wilayah pengembangan (WP) di Jawa Barat dengan karakteristik wilayah yang berbeda-beda baik dalam segi ekonomi, demografi serta sumberdaya alam. Faktor apa saja yang dominan serta pengaruhnya pada perkembangan wilayah masing-masing WP sangat penting untuk perumusan solusi pembangunan wilayah yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan pengelompokan wilayah, perkembangan perekonomian, tingkat perkembangan wilayah serta arahan rencana dan strategi pembangunan wilayah tiap WP. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis tipologi klassen, analisis gerombol, skalogram dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat perkembangan wilayah dan perekonomian masih didominasi WP Bodebekpunjur dan KK Cekungan Bandung. Strategi pembangunan yaitu dengan meningkatkan perkembangan wilayah daerah belakang (hinterland) pada tiap WP. Pusat-pusat pertumbuhan baru tersebut diharapkan dapat mendorong laju pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kata kunci: perkembangan wilayah, pemerataan, ekonomi, WP, strategi pembangunan West Java is the region with the largest population and has a high level of development inequality. The economy is still dominated by areas near the center of government. The effort to overcome development inequality is through the development of the regional dimension concept. There are six development areas (WP) in West Java with different regional characteristics in terms of economy, demography and natural resources. What factors are dominant and their influence on the development of the regions of each WP is very important for the formulation of effective regional development solutions. This study aims to determine the characteristics and grouping of regions, economic development, the level of regional development and the direction of regional development plans and strategies for each WP. The method used is Klassen typology analysis, cluster analysis, scalogram and descriptive analysis. The results showed the level of regional and economic development was still dominated by WP Bodebekpunjur and KK Bandung Basin. The development strategy is to increase the development of the hinterland in each WP. The new growth centers are expected to drive the pace of economic growth. Keywords: regional development, equity, economy, WP, development strategy

Purpose: Attention to the capacity of rice milling companies is very important because this company is the main business actor that creates added value. This study aims: (1) to identify the determinants of the performance of the rice milling industry based on the Resources Based View (RBV) framework and (2) to formulate the structural relationship that occurs between the resources of rice milling companies on business performance. Methodology/Approach: RBV framework and formulate the structural relationships that occur between company resources and business performance Through the SEM-PLS method. Findings: Structurally, the results of the analysis show that the performance of rice mills is directly determined by reputation with the largest path coefficient of 0.856 and is then followed by marketing differentiation 0.184 and human capital 0.1822, while tangible assets directly have a negative relationship (-0.236) but indirectly through the latent variable the reputation as a mediator has a greater (0.558) and significant positive relationship. Research Limitation/Implication: The research has empirical implications that not all RBV dimensions can predict the performance of the rice industry, especially organizational variables. This illustrates that in reality in the manufacturing industry, organizational function variables do not really affect the produced. Originality/Value of paper: This article becomes an important for policymakers in Aceh Province to develop the rice milling industry based on the RBV.

The advancements in the field of information technology in recent years have been very influential in affecting all domains that can utilize the power of data analysis for making decisions. Such domains that have been seeing new ideas implemented in their conventional methods are that of education and training. The advent of Internet of Things (IoT) has made monitoring and tracking of data very efficient. Data can come from a variety of sources, from wearables to smart class objects. To unlock the true potential from this technology, educators are urged to introduce IoT in their curriculum to help speed up the process. In this study, the various studies in the fields of wearables in education, vocational training, medicinal training, Green IoT and Smart City are reviewed. The implementations of Machine Learning (ML) in IoT are also explored, proving its viability in tasks such as bunching and classification. However, even with the abundant studies in the fields of IoT and education, its successful implementations are relatively scarce, thus bottlenecking current research.

Climate change has become a global issue because it has a wide impact on a country’s socio-economic condition. The main factor influencing climate change in Indonesia is El Nino Southern Oscilliation (ENSO), consisting of three phases: El Nino, La Nina and Normal. ENSO plays an important role in climate variations and intensity of rainfall so that it can affect the agricultural sector, especially the food crops sub-sector which is very vulnerable to climate change. This research examines the impact of climate change on food prices i.e rice, maize and soybean using the static panel method. Cross section data focuses on the most 10 affected provinces of the ENSO phenomenon, while the time series data is used from 2011Q1 until 2016Q4. The result shows that El Nino significantly affects the increase of rice and soybean prices and the decrease of maize price. While La Nina significantly affects the increase of rice price. In general, El Nino has a bigger impact on food prices compared to La Nina.

Generally, the aims of this research was to analyze the role and the inputs allocation of public education and the factors which affected educational inequality. Using panel data in 33 provinces during 2010 to 2016 which then analyzed by stochastic frontier method. The results showed excessive allocation of resources in the addition of school buildings at primary and junior secondary school. Reducing education inequality could be encouraged through the addition government spending on education, number of teachers in junior secondary education and lecturer in higher education, and number of school buildings in senior secondary school and college education. The role public education performance was only able to affect 83.8 of educational inequality, and its remaining 16,2 percent due to the high percentage of rural school age labor, percentage of labor in the agricultural sector, farmer's terms of trade, and gross domestic product per labor on the agricultural sector.Keywords: education inequality, public education, agricultural sector, income inequalityJEL Classifications: I24, H41, Q19, D63DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.6924

This paper builds a financial inclusion index of thirty-three provinces in Indonesia from formal financial institutions banks. It aim at analyzing how the financial inclusion index relates to regional poverty using a spatial panel econometric approach. Findings/Originality: The results show that the average financial inclusion index of each province in Indonesia is still in a low category, and there is a financial system development inequality between DKI Jakarta Province and other regions. We also find that poverty has a significant negative effect on the financial inclusion index. With the recent migration of residents as a spatial weighting matrix, we decompose the global effect of the poverty variable on the financial inclusion index into a local effect for each province.

The international food crisis from 2007 to 2010 impacts the fluctuation of world's food prices. Indonesia is one of the developing countries that are vulnerable to volatility in food prices because food is a necessity that is still partly imported and hence impactingdomestic prices. This problem has been excerbated by tthe fact that domestic fresh milk production made a relatively small contribution to the availability of milk to meet Indonesia's consumption. This study aims to analyze the volatility of fresh milk prices in three largest milk producer regions in Indonesia, namely East Java, West Java, and Central Java, from June 2015 to December 2018. The study used ARCH GARCH model. The results of this study shown that fresh milk prices in West Java was volatile and it was influenced by the volatility of the previous period. Climate change and feed prices yielded positive responses on the volatility of fresh milk price in West Java. Subsequently, it achieved a stable price level in the long run. In the short run, the highest response of the milk price volatility shock was shown by the West Java's fresh milk price volatility itself. Keywords: ARCH-GARCH, fresh milk prices, VECM, volatility JEL Classifications: Q54, O13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.9184

This paper investigates the importance of human capital and each educational level on economic growth in Aceh and West Papua from 2010 to 2017. Examining the dynamic panel data using difference generalized method of moments shows there is insignificant impact of tertiary education on economic growth. Both provinces have U-shape effect of human capital composition, which indicates primary and secondary education seems to contribute more on the economy. Hence, the government should solve these educational levels first. Since the data showed the indication of low quality of educators, teachers' skills improvement on teaching and their wellbeing should be prioritized. Keywords: Economic Growth, Education, Human Capital JEL Classifications: I25, J24, O15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.9232

Psoralea corylifolia Linn. belonging to Fabaceae family is an important endangered plant that has been therapeutically used to treat different pathological manifestations since ages. It is commonly known as Bakuchi in Sanskrit. Though it is an important plant, till date, no pharmacognostical reports have been available on its seed. A lot of adulterations are also present in the market. The present study is aimed towards evaluating pharmacognostical and histochemical characteristics of the seeds of P. corylifolia Linn. in detail. Macroscopic and microscopic pharmacognostical characters of seeds and histochemical studies were noted by following standard methods. Pharmacognostical evaluation of seed shows the presence of volatile oil, silica deposits and stone cells. The observations found in current work can be considered as reference standards in future studies. Keywords: Bakuchi, Pharmacognosy, Psoralea corylifolia, Silica deposits, Stone cells

Increasing on electricity price by Indonesian Government in 2001 by 17.47% and 2002 by 24% not only has negative impact on industry sectors but also on agricultural sectors. This paper aims to analysis impact on agricultural sectors performance with using a Recursive Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model, namely “INDOF model”. The simulation indicates both in the short run and long run increasing on electricity price will reduce industry output, household consumption and employment in agricultural sectors. Besides that the policy will increase price of agricultural product. The negative impacts except household consumption are higher in the long run than that in the short run.