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Moso bamboo is excellent candidate for cadmium (Cd)/lead (Pb) phytoremediation, while rhizosphere microbiome has significant impact on phytoremediation efficiency of host plant. However, little is known about the rhizosphere bacterial communities of moso bamboo in Cd/Pb contaminated soils. Therefore, this study investigated the assembly patterns and key taxa of rhizosphere bacterial communities of moso bamboo in Cd/Pb polluted and unpolluted soils, by field sampling, chemical analysis, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results indicated α-diversity between Cd/Pb polluted and unpolluted soils showed a similar pattern (p > 0.05), while β-diversity was significantly different (p < 0.05). The relative abundance analysis indicated α-proteobacteria (37%) and actinobacteria (31%) were dominant in Cd/Pb polluted soils, while γ-proteobacteria (40%) and α-proteobacteria (22%) were dominant in unpolluted soils. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated microbial networks were less complex and more negative in polluted soils than in unpolluted soils. Mantel analysis indicated soil available phosphorus, organic matter, and available Pb were the most important environmental factors affecting microbial community structure. Correlation analysis showed 11 bacterial genera were significantly positively related to Cd/Pb. Overall, this study identified the bacterial community composition of bamboo rhizosphere in responding to Cd/Pb contamination and provides a theoretical basis for microbe-assistant phytoremediation in the future. Novelty statement: To date, little is known about the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of moso bamboo under Cd and Pb multiple stresses. This study investigated the assembly patterns and key taxa of rhizospheric bacterial communities of moso bamboo in Cd/Pb polluted and unpolluted soils. It was found that the bacterial community structure in bamboo rhizosphere is easily influenced by soil chemical environment, such as fertilities and heavy metals. The key bacterial taxa identified here could be target microbe in future microbe-assistant phytoremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial from the journal Frontiers in Plant Science, discussing the topic of plant responses to salt stress. The editorial highlights the importance of understanding how plants react to salt stress, as it can impact crop production and food security. The document summarizes several research articles included in the journal, which explore the genetic, physiological, and biochemical responses of various plant species to salt stress. The findings of these studies provide valuable insights into improving plant tolerance to salt stress and developing sustainable agricultural practices. [Extracted from the article]

Micro sensors have large potential to measure soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, because of its low sensitivity to get the electrical signals on soil with low moisture content, little research has been conducted in semi-arid agro-ecosystem. Moreover, the use of N2O microelectrode studies were largely focused on the marshy fields, paddy fields and waste waters with high soil moisture content. In order to characterize the boundary of the sensor signal (upper and lower), purified water without N2O is usually used as the calibration medium to calibrate the electrode. However, the physical and chemical properties of purified water and soil leaching solutions are very different. In this study, we improved and verified a microelectrode calibration method based on selecting appropriate media and optimal electrolyte concentration. In addition, we applied the improved microelectrode calibration method to continuously observe N2O flux from the soil column in a 30-day-long incubation experiment. The results pointed to noteworthy improvement of the microelectrode calibration compared to the current method, with soil solution validated as a calibration medium at optimal electrolytic concentration of 7:1-8:1, expressed as water/soil ratio. The emission of N2O from soil with different soil fertility were also significantly different. Our research is beneficial to establish the microelectrode calibration method of N2O emission under low moisture conditions from soil microenvironment, and also points on management practices of agro-ecosystem for N2O mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some observations on phyllodes of Acacia stenophylla A. Cunn. Ex, Benth.) were recorded with respect to their dimension (length, breadth and thickness) and dry mass contents and interrelationships between them were determined. Phyllodes were also studied for their phytochemicals, ionic and biochemical contents and the epidermal structure. Phyllodes had ridges and grooves on its surface. The length of the phyllodes (N = 110) from an tree growing in Karachi averaged to 21.03 ± 0.57 cm (2.50 - 33.10 cm), although appeared it to be negatively skewed but followed normal distribution when compared on the basis of Kolmogorov-Smirnoff z test (0.752, p < 0.625). The phyllode dry mass varied from 6.20 to 165mg (Mean: 85.2 ± 3.58 mg) exhibiting a negatively skewed distribution. The phyllodes of A. stenophylla were found to contain alkaloids, anthroquinones, saponins, sugars and carotenoids. There was more chlorophyll 'a' than chlorophyll 'b'. Amongst the biochemicals estimated soluble sugar was in much higher concentration (14.6% DW) than phenols (3.94% DW). Protein concentration was very low (0.53% DW). The stomata on phyllodes were of diverse types - paracytic, anomocytic and tetracytic. The stomatal pore measured 16.7 µm in length and 5.91 µm in breadth. A. stenophylla appeared to be a potassiophillic species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]