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Primary aliphatic amines are crucial, and at the very least, millions of tons are required every year. Therefore, significant interest has grown in finding new chemical routes for their synthesis. Additionally, to comply with sustainability requirements, synthetic routes using inexpensive feedstocks are highly prioritized. In this regard, the hydroaminoalkylation (HAA) reaction is highly desirable due to the wide availability and lower price of olefins. Although photoredox catalysis is already known for synthesizing amines, the synthesis of linear aliphatic amines is mostly limited to hydroaminomethylation (HAM) reactions and has never been applied to the synthesis of longer-chain linear aliphatic primary amines. Considering this, the synthesis of functionalized linear aliphatic primary amines is demonstrated by using the decarboxylative radical-polar crossover process, which yielded a wide range of functionalized linear aliphatic amines with excellent yields. The strength of this method is demonstrated by the synthesis of existing drugs and late-stage transformations of complex pharmaceuticals, and elaborated with detailed mechanistic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Dengue, caused by mosquito bite, is an emerging disease of international concern. Evidence regarding the prevalent dengue serotypes is scarce, but essential for its management during the outbreaks. Hence, we mapped the distribution and trends of currently prevalent dengue virus (DENV) serotypes in Odisha. Methods. We conducted a facility-based retrospective study from referral samples sent for the diagnosis/confirmation of dengue in 2018. The samples were serologically tested for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgM antibody and NS1. Only NS1-positive samples were chosen for serotyping. A pool of 8-10 NS1-positive samples were analysed for district-wise serotypes. Ribonucleic acid extraction and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done from NS1-positive samples. The PCR products were then subjected to gel electrophoresis. Results. A total of 2892 samples were screened for dengue virus across various districts of Odisha where 763 samples were found to be NS1-positive. Thirteen of 18 districts covering all topographies of Odisha predominantly had DENV2 serotype. Only few districts such as Balangir, Kalahandi and Rayagada had mixed serotypes. Conclusion. Although DENV2 is predominantly prevalent, mixed serotypes too exist in Odisha. Evidence based on variations of dengue serotypes across topographies, seasons, gender and age groups may support public health efforts in preventing the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a transition metal-free approach for the regioselective functionalization of benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds using alcohols and carboxylic acids as the nucleophiles. This straightforward and general route has provided various benzylic ethers and esters, including twelve pharmaceutically relevant compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel series of mononuclear complexes of the type, [M(L)(H2O)2] [M = Co(II) (1), Ni(II) (2), Zn(II) (3), Cd(II) (4), L = dipicolinate), has been investigated using various techniques, including elemental analyses, FT-IR, ¹H- and 13C NMR spectroscopy, powder XRD and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that the coordination of the dipicolinic acid to the metal ions involves two carboxylate O atoms, the pyridine N atom, and two water molecules. The pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid and its studied compounds have been screened against microbial species. The findings show that the complexes have higher activity in comparison to the free pyridine-dicarboxylic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a debilitating and disabling parasitic disease of immense public health concern in India with more than 650 million people at risk. Mass drug administration (MDA) is the recommended preventive chemotherapy strategy to eliminate LF. But, its coverage and compliance has been a mixed success. There is an urgent need of evidence to strengthen the program further, which can be done by exploring and understanding implementer as well as beneficiary perspectives. Objective: To systematically review the facilitators and barriers experienced during the coverage and compliance of MDA for LF elimination in India from both beneficiary and provider’s (health system) perspective. Methods and Analysis: We will search at Medline database through PubMed and Embase, along with ProQuest and Google Scholar to retrieve literature. Original qualitative observational studies exploring challenges and enablers in MDA program will be screened by two independent reviewers systematically based on title and abstract followed by full text. The risk of bias will be assessed through critical appraisal skills program checklist for each included article. Data will be extracted in a pre‑designed proforma with study characteristics, demographic features, and texts and quotes of qualitative data. Data will be analyzed through thematic analysis and motivation‑opportunity‑ability‑behavior framework using MAXQDA software. Ethics and Dissemination: This is a literature‑based review with minimal privacy concerns. The findings of this study will be published in a peer‑reviewed journal and disseminated through policy brief to program implementers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Author(s): Sangeeta Jaiswal[sup.1] , Niladri Bhusan Pati[sup.1] , Manupriyam Dubey[sup.1] , Chandrashekhar Padhi[sup.1] , Prakash Kumar Sahoo[sup.1] , Shilpa Ray[sup.1] , Aryashree Arunima[sup.1] , Nirmal Kumar Mohakud[sup.2] and Mrutyunjay Suar[sup.1] [...], Background Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, the most common cause of human gastroenteritis, employs several virulence factors including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for infection and establishment of disease inside the host. The LPS of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis consists of lipid A, core oligosaccharide and O-antigen (OAg). The OAg consists of repeating units containing different sugars. The sugars of OAg are synthesized and assembled by a set of enzymes encoded by genes organized into clusters. Present study focuses on the effect of deletion of genes involved in biosynthesis of OAg repeating units on resistance to antimicrobial peptides and virulence in mice. Methods In the present study, the OAg biosynthesis was impaired by deleting tyv, prt and wbaV genes involved in tyvelose biosynthesis and its transfer to OAg. The virulence phenotype of resulting mutants was evaluated by assessing resistance to antimicrobial peptides, serum complement, adhesion, invasion and in vivo colonization. Results Deletion of the above three genes resulted in the production of OAg-negative LPS. All the OAg-negative mutants showed phenotype reported for rough strains. Interestingly, [DELA]wbaV mutant showed increased resistance against antimicrobial peptides and normal human serum. In addition, the [DELA]wbaV mutant also showed increased adhesion and invasion as compared to the other two O-Ag negative mutants [DELA]tyv and [DELA]prt. In vivo experiments also confirmed the increased virulent phenotype of [DELA]wbaV mutant as compared to [DELA]prt mutant. Conclusion OAg-negative mutants are known to be avirulent; however, this study demonstrates that certain OAg negative mutants e.g. [DELA]wbaV may also show resistance to antimicrobial peptides and cause colitis in Streptomyces pretreated mouse model. Keywords: S. Enteritidis, Lipopolysaccharide, OAg-negative, wbaV gene, Antimicrobial peptides, Virulence, OAg biosynthesis