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1. Exceptional Bluetongue virus (BTV) and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) circulation in France in 2023

Author

Gondard, Mathilde, Postic, Lydie, Garin, Emmanuel, Turpaud, Mathilde, Vorimore, Fabien, Ngwa-Mbot, David, Tran, Mai-Lan, Hoffmann, Bernd, Warembourg, Charlotte, Savini, Giovanni, Lorusso, Alessio, Marcacci, Maurilia, Felten, Arnaud, Roux, Aurélie Le, Blanchard, Yannick, Zientara, Stephan, Vitour, Damien, Sailleau, Corinne, and Bréard, Emmanuel

Published
2024
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2. Colostral antibody induced interference of inactivated bluetongue serotype-8 vaccines in calves

Author

Vitour Damien, Guillotin Jean, Sailleau Corinne, Viarouge Cyril, Desprat Alexandra, Wolff Frédéric, Belbis Guillaume, Durand Benoit, Bakkali-Kassimi Labib, Breard Emmanuel, Zientara Stéphan, and Zanella Gina

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract Since its introduction into northern Europe in 2006, bluetongue has become a major threat to animal health. While the efficacy of commercial vaccines has been clearly demonstrated in livestock, little is known regarding the effect of maternal immunity on vaccinal efficacy. Here, we have investigated the duration and amplitude of colostral antibody-induced immunity in calves born to dams vaccinated against bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) and the extent of colostral antibody-induced interference of vaccination in these calves. Twenty-two calf-cow pairs were included in this survey. The median age at which calves became seronegative for BTV was 84 and 112 days as assayed by seroneutralisation test (SNT) and VP7 BTV competitive ELISA (cELISA), respectively. At the mean age of 118 days, 13/22 calves were immunized with inactivated BTV-8 vaccine. In most calves vaccination elicited a weak immune response, with seroconversion in only 3/13 calves. The amplitude of the humoral response to vaccination was inversely proportional to the maternal antibody level prior to vaccination. Thus, the lack of response was attributed to the persistence of virus-specific colostral antibodies that interfered with the induction of the immune response. These data suggest that the recommended age for vaccination of calves born to vaccinated dams needs to be adjusted in order to optimize vaccinal efficacy.

Published
2011
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5. Detection, Characterization and Sequencing of BTV Serotypes Circulating in Cuba in 2022

Author

Acevedo, Ana María, primary, Postic, Lydie, additional, Curiel, Maray, additional, Gondard, Mathilde, additional, Bréard, Emmanuel, additional, Zientara, Stéphan, additional, Vorimore, Fabien, additional, Tran, Mai-Lan, additional, Turpaud, Mathilde, additional, Savini, Giovanni, additional, Lorusso, Alessio, additional, Marcacci, Maurilia, additional, Vitour, Damien, additional, Dujardin, Pascal, additional, Perera, Carmen Laura, additional, Díaz, Cristian, additional, Obret, Yalainne, additional, and Sailleau, Corinne, additional

Published
2024
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7. Circulation of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 1, 4, 8, 10 and 16 and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in the Sultanate of Oman in 2020–2021

Author

Bréard, Emmanuel, primary, Postic, Lydie, additional, Gondard, Mathilde, additional, Bernelin-Cottet, Cindy, additional, Le Roux, Aurélie, additional, Turpaud, Mathilde, additional, Lucas, Pierrick, additional, Blanchard, Yannick, additional, Vitour, Damien, additional, Bakkali-Kassimi, Labib, additional, Zientara, Stéphan, additional, Al Rawahi, Wafaa, additional, and Sailleau, Corinne, additional

Published
2023
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10. Prima emergenza del virus della malattia emorragica epizootica in Europa.

Author

Zientara, Stéphan, Bréard, Emmanuel, Postic, Lydie, Turpaud, Mathilde, Caignard, Grégory, Vitour, Damien, and Sailleau, Corinne

Abstract

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2023

11. Experimental infection of cattle, sheep, and goats with the newly emerged epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 8.

Author

Spedicato, Massimo, Profeta, Francesca, Thabet, Sarah, Teodori, Liana, Leone, Alessandra, Portanti, Ottavio, Pisciella, Maura, Bonfini, Barbara, Pulsoni, Simone, Rosso, Francesca, Rossi, Emanuela, Ripà, Paola, De Rosa, Angela, Ciarrocchi, Eugenia, Irelli, Roberta, Cocco, Antonio, Sailleau, Corinne, Ferri, Nicola, Di Febo, Tiziana, and Vitour, Damien

Published
2023
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12. Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 8 in Tunisia, 2021

Author

Sghaier, Soufien, primary, Sailleau, Corinne, additional, Marcacci, Maurilia, additional, Thabet, Sarah, additional, Curini, Valentina, additional, Ben Hassine, Thameur, additional, Teodori, Liana, additional, Portanti, Ottavio, additional, Hammami, Salah, additional, Jurisic, Lucija, additional, Spedicato, Massimo, additional, Postic, Lydie, additional, Gazani, Ines, additional, Ben Osman, Raja, additional, Zientara, Stephan, additional, Bréard, Emmanuel, additional, Calistri, Paolo, additional, Richt, Jürgen A., additional, Holmes, Edward C., additional, Savini, Giovanni, additional, Di Giallonardo, Francesca, additional, and Lorusso, Alessio, additional

Published
2022
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16. Bluetongue Virus: From BTV-1 to BTV-27

Author

Belbis, Guillaume, primary, Zientara, Stéphan, additional, Bréard, Emmanuel, additional, Sailleau, Corinne, additional, Caignard, Grégory, additional, Vitour, Damien, additional, and Attoui, Houssam, additional

Published
2017
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19. Schmallenberg virus in zoo ruminants, France and the Netherlands

Author

Laloy, Eve, Braud, Cindy, Breard, Emmanuel, Kaandorp, Jacques, Bourgeois, Aude, Kohl, Muriel, Meyer, Gilles, Sailleau, Corinne, Viarouge, Cyril, Zientara, Stephan, and Chai, Norin

Abstract

To the Editor: Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a new orthobunyavirus of the family Bunyaviridae, emerged in August 2011 in northwestern Europe (1) and spread to most parts of Europe by Culicoides [...]

Published
2016

20. Schmallenberg virus infection among red deer, France, 2010-2012

Author

Laloy, Eve, Breard, Emmanuel, Sailleau, Corinne, Viarouge, Cyril, Desprat, Alexandra, Zientara, Stephan, Klein, Francois, Hars, Jean, and Rossi, Sophie

Subjects
Diseases, Distribution, Company distribution practices, Red deer -- Diseases, Virus diseases -- Distribution
Abstract

In summer and fall 2011, an unidentified disease was reported in dairy cattle in Germany and the Netherlands, causing decreased milk production, fever, and diarrhea (1,2). The virus associated with [...]

Published
2014
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22. Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 8 in Tunisia, 2021.

Author

Sghaier, Soufien, Sailleau, Corinne, Marcacci, Maurilia, Thabet, Sarah, Curini, Valentina, Ben Hassine, Thameur, Teodori, Liana, Portanti, Ottavio, Hammami, Salah, Jurisic, Lucija, Spedicato, Massimo, Postic, Lydie, Gazani, Ines, Ben Osman, Raja, Zientara, Stephan, Bréard, Emmanuel, Calistri, Paolo, Richt, Jürgen A., Holmes, Edward C., and Savini, Giovanni

Subjects
*HEMORRHAGIC diseases, *VIRUS diseases, *BLUETONGUE virus, *CATTLE, *CULICOIDES, *SYMPTOMS, *WHITE-tailed deer, *RUMINANTS
Abstract

Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a Culicoides-borne viral disease caused by the epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) associated with clinical manifestations in domestic and wild ruminants, primarily white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and cattle (Bos taurus). In late September 2021, EHDV was reported in cattle farms in central/western Tunisia. It rapidly spread throughout the country with more than 200 confirmed outbreaks. We applied a combination of classical and molecular techniques to characterize the causative virus as a member of the serotype EHDV-8. This is the first evidence of EHDV- 8 circulation since 1982 when the prototype EHDV-8 strain was isolated in Australia. This work highlights the urgent need for vaccines for a range of EHDV serotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. Myocarditis and Subclinical-Like Infection Associated With SARS-CoV-2 in Two Cats Living in the Same Household in France: A Case Report With Literature Review

Author

Chetboul, Valérie, primary, Foulex, Pierre, additional, Kartout, Kahina, additional, Klein, Anne Marie, additional, Sailleau, Corinne, additional, Dumarest, Marine, additional, Delaplace, Manon, additional, Gouilh, Meriadeg Ar, additional, Mortier, Jeremy, additional, and Le Poder, Sophie, additional

Published
2021
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25. Sequence analysis of bluetongue virus serotype 8 from the Netherlands 2006 and comparison to other European strains

Author

Maan, Sushila, Maan, Narender S., Ross-smith, Natalie, Batten, Carrie A., Shaw, Andrew E., Anthony, Simon J., Samuel, Alan R., Darpel, Karin E., Veronesi, Eva, Oura, Chris A.L., Singh, Karam P., Nomikou, Kyriaki, Potgieter, Abraham C., Attoui, Houssam, van Rooij, Eugene, van Rijn, Piet, De Clercq, Kris, Vandenbussche, Frank, Zientara, Stéphan, Bréard, Emmanuel, Sailleau, Corinne, Beer, Martin, Hoffman, Bernd, Mellor, Philip S., and Mertens, Peter P.C.

Published
2008
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26. The Genome Segments of Bluetongue Virus Differ in Copy Number in a Host-Specific Manner

Author

Moreau, Yannis, Gil, Patricia, Exbrayat, Antoni, Rakotoarivony, Ignace, Bréard, Emmanuel, Sailleau, Corinne, Viarouge, Cyril, Zientara, Stephan, Savini, Giovanni, Goffredo, Maria, Mancini, Giuseppe, Loire, Etienne, Gutierrez, Serafìn, Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise Guiseppe Caporale (IZSAM), Partenaires INRAE, This work was supported by research grants CuliOme (ANIHWA, ERA-Net) and PALE-Blu (H2020) from European Union. This work was also funded by the Direction générale de l’alimentation from the French Ministry of Agriculture and Food., European Project: 727393,PALE Blu, European Project: 291815,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-ERANET-2011-RTD,ANIHWA(2012), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Project: 727393,H2020,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1.,PALE-Blu(2017), and Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'Giuseppe Caporale' (IZS Teramo)

Subjects
DNA Copy Number Variations, Population genetics, viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gene Dosage, Genome, Viral, Ceratopogonidae, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Virus-host interactions, MESH: Bluetongue virus, Bluetongue, Host Specificity, Virus des animaux, Virus bluetongue, Animals, MESH: Bluetongue, Spotlight, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Sheep, Gene copy number, Santé animale, fréquence génique, Culicoides, L10 - Génétique et amélioration des animaux, MESH: Ceratopogonidae, Insect Vectors, génétique animale, PCR, Genetic Diversity and Evolution, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Genome, Viral, Bluetongue virus
Abstract

The variation in viral gene frequencies remains a largely unexplored aspect of within-host genetics. This phenomenon is often considered to be specific to multipartite viruses. Multipartite viruses have segmented genomes, but in contrast to segmented viruses, their segments are each encapsidated alone in a virion. A main hypothesis explaining the evolution of multipartism is that, compared to segmented viruses, it facilitates the regulation of segment abundancy, and the genes the segments carry, within a host. These differences in gene frequencies could allow for expression regulation. Here, we show that wild populations of a segmented virus, bluetongue virus (BTV), also present unequal segment frequencies. BTV cycles between ruminants and Culicoides biting midges. As expected from a role in expression regulation, segment frequencies tended to show specific values that differed between ruminants and midges. Our results expand previous knowledge on gene frequency variation and call for studies on its role and conservation beyond multipartite viruses., Genome segmentation is mainly thought to facilitate reassortment. Here, we show that segmentation can also allow differences in segment abundance in populations of bluetongue virus (BTV). BTV has a genome consisting in 10 segments, and its cycle primarily involves periodic alternation between ruminants and Culicoides biting midges. We have developed a reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) approach to quantify each segment in wild BTV populations sampled in both ruminants and midges during an epizootic. Segment frequencies deviated from equimolarity in all hosts. Interestingly, segment frequencies were reproducible and distinct between ruminants and biting midges. Beyond a putative regulatory role in virus expression, this phenomenon could lead to different evolution rates between segments. IMPORTANCE The variation in viral gene frequencies remains a largely unexplored aspect of within-host genetics. This phenomenon is often considered to be specific to multipartite viruses. Multipartite viruses have segmented genomes, but in contrast to segmented viruses, their segments are each encapsidated alone in a virion. A main hypothesis explaining the evolution of multipartism is that, compared to segmented viruses, it facilitates the regulation of segment abundancy, and the genes the segments carry, within a host. These differences in gene frequencies could allow for expression regulation. Here, we show that wild populations of a segmented virus, bluetongue virus (BTV), also present unequal segment frequencies. BTV cycles between ruminants and Culicoides biting midges. As expected from a role in expression regulation, segment frequencies tended to show specific values that differed between ruminants and midges. Our results expand previous knowledge on gene frequency variation and call for studies on its role and conservation beyond multipartite viruses.

Published
2021
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27. Development and Validation of an ELISA for the Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 4-Specific Antibodies

Author

Bréard, Emmanuel, primary, Turpaud, Mathilde, additional, Beaud, Georges, additional, Postic, Lydie, additional, Fablet, Aurore, additional, Beer, Martin, additional, Sailleau, Corinne, additional, Caignard, Grégory, additional, Viarouge, Cyril, additional, Hoffmann, Bernd, additional, Vitour, Damien, additional, and Zientara, Stéphan, additional

Published
2021
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28. 'Frozen evolution' of an RNA virus suggests accidental release as a potential cause of arbovirus re-emergence

Author

Pascall, David J., Nomikou, Kyriaki, Zientara, Stephan, da Silva Filipe, Ana, Hoffmann, Bernd, Jacquot, Maude, Singer, Joshua B., de Clercq, Kris, Sailleau, Corinne, Viarouge, Cyril, Batten, Carrie, Puggioni, Giantonella, Ligios, Ciriaco, Savini, Giovanni, van Rijn, Piet A., Mertens, Peter P. C., Biek, Roman, Palmarini, Massimo, and Read, Andrew Fraser

Abstract

© 2020 Pascall et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The mechanisms underlying virus emergence are rarely well understood, making the appearance of outbreaks largely unpredictable. Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8), an arthropod-borne virus of ruminants, emerged in livestock in northern Europe in 2006, spreading to most European countries by 2009 and causing losses of billions of euros. Although the outbreak was successfully controlled through vaccination by early 2010, puzzlingly, a closely related BTV-8 strain re-emerged in France in 2015, triggering a second outbreak that is still ongoing. The origin of this virus and the mechanisms underlying its re-emergence are unknown. Here, we performed phylogenetic analyses of 164 whole BTV-8 genomes sampled throughout the two outbreaks. We demonstrate consistent clock-like virus evolution during both epizootics but found negligible evolutionary change between them. We estimate that the ancestor of the second outbreak dates from the height of the first outbreak in 2008. This implies that the virus had not been replicating for multiple years prior to its re-emergence in 2015. Given the absence of any known natural mechanism that could explain BTV-8 persistence over this long period without replication, we hypothesise that the second outbreak could have been initiated by accidental exposure of livestock to frozen material contaminated with virus from approximately 2008. Our work highlights new targets for pathogen surveillance programmes in livestock and illustrates the power of genomic epidemiology to identify pathways of infectious disease emergence.

Published
2020

31. La peste équine : une maladie ancienne pour une menace actuelle.

Author

Vitour, Damien, Zientara, Stéphan, Fablet, Aurore, Bréard, Emmanuel, and Sailleau, Corinne

Subjects
CERATOPOGONIDAE, CULICOIDES, HORSE industry, GLOBAL warming, ECONOMIC impact, BLUETONGUE
Abstract

Résumé: La peste équine est une arbovirose majeure qui entraîne des pertes importantes chez les chevaux en Afrique subsaharienne. Elle est provoquée par le virus de la peste équine (African horse sickness virus , AHSV) dont la transmission s'effectue au cours d'un repas sanguin par des petits moucherons hématophages appartenant au genre Culicoides. En outre, les espèces vectrices historiques de culicoïdes présentes en Afrique voient leur aire de répartition s'étendre en lien avec le réchauffement climatique à l'échelle mondiale. Par ailleurs, des épisodes épizootiques récents (Thaïlande, 2020) ou un peu plus anciens (péninsule ibérique, 1965-66/1987-90) en dehors du continent africain soulignent la capacité d'adaptation du virus à des espèces vectrices autochtones, à l'instar de ce qui a été observé pour la fièvre catarrhale ovine ces dernières décennies. Ces facteurs laissent craindre à tout moment une introduction de la peste équine dans des régions indemnes. L'urgence est donc donnée actuellement par l'Union européenne pour se doter de meilleurs outils diagnostiques et prophylactiques afin de prévenir des conséquences économiques brutales pour l'industrie équine. African horse sickness (AHS) is a major arthropod-borne disease that causes significant losses in horses in sub-Saharan Africa. It is caused by the African horse sickness virus (AHSV), which is transmitted during a blood meal by Culicoides biting midges. The distribution of historical African culicoid vectors increases due to global warming. In addition, recent (Thailand, 2020) and earlier (Iberian Peninsula, 1965-66/1987-90) AHS outbreaks outside Africa demonstrate the adaptation of the virus to endogenous species in AHS-free regions, similar to what has been observed for bluetongue disease in recent decades. Therefore, many regions are considered at risk of introduction of AHS which could have important economic consequences for the equine industry. Overall, this prone the European Union to launch research programs to get better diagnostic and prophylactic tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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32. Novel bluetongue virus in goats, Corsica, France, 2014

Author

Zientara, Stephan, Sailleau, Corinne, Viarouge, Cyril, Hoper, Dirck, Beer, Martin, Jenckel, Maria, Hoffmann, Bernd, Romey, Aurore, Bakkali-Kassimi, Labib, Fablet, Aurore, Vitour, Damien, and Breard, Emmanuel

Subjects
Identification and classification, Genetic aspects, Genotypes -- Identification and classification, RNA virus infections -- Genetic aspects, Animal diseases -- Genetic aspects, Medical research, Animals -- Diseases, Medicine, Experimental, Genotype -- Identification and classification
Abstract

Bluetongue is an infectious, noncontagious, arthropodborne viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants (1). Twenty-six distinct bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes have been identified (2). The first detection of bluetongue virus [...]

Published
2014
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35. The Genome Segments of Bluetongue Virus Differ in Copy Number in a Host-Specific Manner

Author

Moreau, Yannis, primary, Gil, Patricia, additional, Exbrayat, Antoni, additional, Rakotoarivony, Ignace, additional, Bréard, Emmanuel, additional, Sailleau, Corinne, additional, Viarouge, Cyril, additional, Zientara, Stephan, additional, Savini, Giovanni, additional, Goffredo, Maria, additional, Mancini, Giuseppe, additional, Loire, Etienne, additional, and Gutierrez, Serafìn, additional

Published
2020
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36. First detection and genome sequencing of SARS‐CoV‐2 in an infected cat in France

Author

Sailleau, Corinne, primary, Dumarest, Marine, additional, Vanhomwegen, Jessica, additional, Delaplace, Manon, additional, Caro, Valerie, additional, Kwasiborski, Aurélia, additional, Hourdel, Véronique, additional, Chevaillier, Patrick, additional, Barbarino, Alix, additional, Comtet, Loic, additional, Pourquier, Philippe, additional, Klonjkowski, Bernard, additional, Manuguerra, Jean‐Claude, additional, Zientara, Stephan, additional, and Le Poder, Sophie, additional

Published
2020
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38. Experimental infection of calves with seven serotypes of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease virus: production and characterization of reference sera

Author

Sailleau, Corinne, Bréard, Emmanuel, Viarouge, Cyril, Belbis, Guillaume, Lilin, Thomas, Vitour, Damien, Zientara, Stephan, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), and UPEC, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France

Subjects
Serological diagnosis, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, Cattle Diseases, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Epizootic, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Serogroup, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Reoviridae Infections, Animals, RNA, Viral, lcsh:SF600-1100, Cattle, lcsh:Animal culture, Experimental infection, Reference sera, Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), lcsh:SF1-1100
Abstract

The aim of this study was to produce reference sera against the seven serotypes of Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV‑1, EHDV‑2, EHDV‑4, EHDV‑5, EHDV‑6, EHDV‑7, and EHDV‑8). In a high containment unit, seven Prim 'Holstein calves were inoculated at day 0 (D0) with the selected strains (1 EHDV serotype per calf ). Blood samples (EDTA and whole blood) were periodically taken from D0 until the end of the experiment (D31). Sera were tested with two commercially available EHDV competitive ELISAs (c‑ELISA). Viral genome was detected from EDTA blood samples using in‑house real‑time RT‑PCR. Sera taken on D31 post infection (pi) were tested and characterized by serum neutralization test (SNT) and virus neutralization test (VNT) (for calibration of reference sera). Viral RNA was first detected at D2 pi in five calves. All infected animals were RT‑PCR positive at D7 pi. Seroconversion was observed between D10 and D23 pi depending on the EHDV serotype. SNT and VNT have allowed to determine the neutralizing antibody titers of each serum and the potential cross‑reactions between serotypes. The two c‑ELISA used in this study showed similar results. The calibrated sera are now available for the serological identification of an EHDV isolated on tissue culture or to be used as positive control in seroneutralization assay.

Published
2020
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40. Schmallenberg virus infection in dogs, France, 2012

Author

Sailleau, Corinne, Boogaerts, Cassandre, Meyrueix, Anne, Laloy, Eve, Breard, Emmanuel, Viarouge, Cyril, Desprat, Alexandra, Vitour, Damien, Doceul, Virginie, Boucher, Catherine, Zientara, Stephan, Nicolier, Alexandra, and Grandjean, Dominique

Subjects
Analysis, Research, Genetic aspects, Sheep diseases -- Research -- Genetic aspects, Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) -- Analysis, Virus diseases -- Research -- Genetic aspects, Sheep -- Diseases
Abstract

To the Editor: In 2011, Schmallenberg virus (SBV) emerged in Europe (1); the virus spread into France in January 2012 (2). During January March 2012, a total of >1,000 cases [...]

Published
2013

41. “Frozen evolution” of an RNA virus suggests accidental release as a potential cause of arbovirus re-emergence

Author

Pascall, David D.J., Nomikou, Kyriaki, Bréard, Emmanuel, Zientara, Stephan, da Silva Filipe, Ana, Hoffmann, Bernd, Jacquot, Maude, Singer, Joshua J.B., de Clercq, Kris, Bøtner, Anette, Sailleau, Corinne, Viarouge, Cyril, Batten, Carrie, Puggioni, Giantonella, Ligios, Ciriaco, Savini, Giovanni, van Rijn, P.A., Mertens, Peter Paul Clement, Biek, Roman, Palmarini, Massimo, Pascall, David D.J., Nomikou, Kyriaki, Bréard, Emmanuel, Zientara, Stephan, da Silva Filipe, Ana, Hoffmann, Bernd, Jacquot, Maude, Singer, Joshua J.B., de Clercq, Kris, Bøtner, Anette, Sailleau, Corinne, Viarouge, Cyril, Batten, Carrie, Puggioni, Giantonella, Ligios, Ciriaco, Savini, Giovanni, van Rijn, P.A., Mertens, Peter Paul Clement, Biek, Roman, and Palmarini, Massimo

Abstract

The mechanisms underlying virus emergence are rarely well understood, making the appearance of outbreaks largely unpredictable. Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8), an arthropod-borne virus of ruminants, emerged in livestock in northern Europe in 2006, spreading to most European countries by 2009 and causing losses of billions of euros. Although the outbreak was successfully controlled through vaccination by early 2010, puzzlingly, a closely related BTV-8 strain re-emerged in France in 2015, triggering a second outbreak that is still ongoing. The origin of this virus and the mechanisms underlying its re-emergence are unknown. Here, we performed phylogenetic analyses of 164 whole BTV-8 genomes sampled throughout the two outbreaks. We demonstrate consistent clock-like virus evolution during both epizootics but found negligible evolutionary change between them. We estimate that the ancestor of the second outbreak dates from the height of the first outbreak in 2008. This implies that the virus had not been replicating for multiple years prior to its re-emergence in 2015. Given the absence of any known natural mechanism that could explain BTV-8 persistence over this long period without replication, we hypothesise that the second outbreak could have been initiated by accidental exposure of livestock to frozen material contaminated with virus from approximately 2008. Our work highlights new targets for pathogen surveillance programmes in livestock and illustrates the power of genomic epidemiology to identify pathways of infectious disease emergence., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020

44. Bluetongue in Belgium, 2006

Author

Toussaint, Jean-Francois, Sailleau, Corinne, Mast, Jan, Houdart, Philippe, Czaplicki, Guy, Demeestere, Lien, VandenBussche, Frank, van Dessel, Wesley, Goris, Nesya, Breard, Emmanuel, Bounaadja, Lotfi, Thiry, Etienne, Zientara, Stephan, and De Clercq, Kris

Subjects
Prevention, Research, Genetic aspects, Risk factors, Disease transmission -- Prevention -- Research -- Genetic aspects -- Risk factors, Reoviruses -- Genetic aspects -- Risk factors -- Research
Abstract

Bluetongue has emerged recently in Belgium. A bluetongue virus strain was isolated and characterized as serotype 8. Two new real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCRs (RT-qPCRs) that amplified 2 different segments of [...]

Published
2007

45. Evolutionary stasis of an RNA virus indicates arbovirus re-emergence triggered by accidental release

Author

Pascall, David J, primary, Nomikou, Kyriaki, additional, Bréard, Emmanuel, additional, Zientara, Stephan, additional, Silva Filipe, Ana da, additional, Hoffmann, Bernd, additional, Jacquot, Maude, additional, Singer, Joshua B., additional, De Clercq, Kris, additional, Bøtner, Anette, additional, Sailleau, Corinne, additional, Viarouge, Cyrille, additional, Batten, Carrie, additional, Puggioni, Giantonella, additional, Ligios, Ciriaco, additional, Savini, Giovanni, additional, van Rijn, Piet A., additional, Mertens, Peter PC, additional, Biek, Roman, additional, and Palmarini, Massimo, additional

Published
2019
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46. Red deer (Cervus elaphus) Did Not Play the Role of Maintenance Host for Bluetongue Virus in France: The Burden of Proof by Long-Term Wildlife Monitoring and Culicoides Snapshots

Author

Rossi, Sophie, primary, Balenghien, Thomas, additional, Viarouge, Cyril, additional, Faure, Eva, additional, Zanella, Gina, additional, Sailleau, Corinne, additional, Mathieu, Bruno, additional, Delécolle, Jean-Claude, additional, Ninio, Camille, additional, Garros, Claire, additional, Gardès, Laëtitia, additional, Tholoniat, Christophe, additional, Ariston, Agnès, additional, Gauthier, Dominique, additional, Mondoloni, Stevan, additional, Barboiron, Aurélie, additional, Pellerin, Maryline, additional, Gibert, Philippe, additional, Novella, Corinne, additional, Barbier, Stéphane, additional, Guillaumat, Etienne, additional, Zientara, Stéphan, additional, Vitour, Damien, additional, and Bréard, Emmanuel, additional

Published
2019
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47. Novel Function of Bluetongue Virus NS3 Protein in Regulation of the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway

Author

Kundlacz, Cindy, primary, Pourcelot, Marie, additional, Fablet, Aurore, additional, Amaral Da Silva Moraes, Rayane, additional, Léger, Thibaut, additional, Morlet, Bastien, additional, Viarouge, Cyril, additional, Sailleau, Corinne, additional, Turpaud, Mathilde, additional, Gorlier, Axel, additional, Breard, Emmanuel, additional, Lecollinet, Sylvie, additional, van Rijn, Piet A., additional, Zientara, Stephan, additional, Vitour, Damien, additional, and Caignard, Grégory, additional

Published
2019
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50. Red deer (Cervus elaphus) did not play the role of maintenance host for bluetongue virus in France: The burden of proof by long-term wildlife monitoring and Culicoides snapshots

Author

Rossi, Sophie, Balenghien, Thomas, Viarouge, Cyril, Faure, Eva, Zanella, Gina, Sailleau, Corinne, Mathieu, Bruno, Delecolle, Jean Claude, Ninio, Camille, Garros, Claire, Gardes, Laëtitia, Tholoniat, Christophe, Ariston, Agnès, Gauthier, Dominique, Mondoloni, Stevan, Barboiron, Aurélie, Pellerin, Maryline, Gibert, Philippe, Novella, Corinne, Barbier, Stéphane, Guillaumat, Etienne, Zientara, Stéphan, Vitour, Damien, Breard, Emmanuel, Rossi, Sophie, Balenghien, Thomas, Viarouge, Cyril, Faure, Eva, Zanella, Gina, Sailleau, Corinne, Mathieu, Bruno, Delecolle, Jean Claude, Ninio, Camille, Garros, Claire, Gardes, Laëtitia, Tholoniat, Christophe, Ariston, Agnès, Gauthier, Dominique, Mondoloni, Stevan, Barboiron, Aurélie, Pellerin, Maryline, Gibert, Philippe, Novella, Corinne, Barbier, Stéphane, Guillaumat, Etienne, Zientara, Stéphan, Vitour, Damien, and Breard, Emmanuel

Abstract

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a Culicoides-borne pathogen infecting both domestic and wild ruminants. In Europe, the Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) (RD) is considered a potential BTV reservoir, but persistent sylvatic cycle has not yet been demonstrated. In this paper, we explored the dynamics of BTV1 and BTV8 serotypes in the RD in France, and the potential role of that species in the re-emergence of BTV8 in livestock by 2015 (i.e., 5 years after the former last domestic cases). We performed 8 years of longitudinal monitoring (2008–2015) among 15 RD populations and 3065 individuals. We compared Culicoides communities and feeding habits within domestic and wild animal environments (51,380 samples). Culicoides diversity (>30 species) varied between them, but bridge-species able to feed on both wild and domestic hosts were abundant in both situations. Despite the presence of competent vectors in natural environments, BTV1 and BTV8 strains never spread in RD along the green corridors out of the domestic outbreak range. Decreasing antibody trends with no PCR results two years after the last domestic outbreak suggests that seropositive young RD were not recently infected but carried maternal antibodies. We conclude that RD did not play a role in spreading or maintaining BTV in France

Published
2019

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