Search

The current study explores the effectiveness of coconut husk for crystal violet dye sequestration employing a batch experimental setup. Characterization of adsorbent was carried out via FTIR, and SEM techniques and results confirmed the involvement of OMe, COC and hydroxyl functional groups in dye uptake, and the rough, porous nature of adsorbent and after adsorption dye molecules colonized these holes resulting in dye exclusion. Effects of various adsorption parameters such as pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature of solution were studied. Crystal violet adsorption on coconut husk was highly pH-dependent, with maximum removal occurring at basic pH. Maximum removal of dye, i.e., 81%, takes place at optimized conditions. Kinetic data was analyzed by pseudo-first, pseudo-second order and an intra-particle diffusion model. Results showed that the pseudo-second order kinetic model best described adsorption of crystal violet onto coconut husk. Langmuir, Freundlich, and D-R adsorption isotherms were also used to test their appropriateness to experimental data and the Freundlich isotherm fits best to data. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the current process was spontaneous, endothermic in nature with continuous decrease in entropy. Established practice is 79% applicable to tap water and in acidic medium nearly 80% of adsorbent was recovered, confirming the effectiveness and appropriateness of coconut husk for crystal violet dye exclusion from wastewater. HIGHLIGHTS Adsorption is an effective and economical process for dye removal from wastewater.; Coconut husk is a potential adsorbent for crystal violet exclusion.; Adsorbent characterization, operational parameters, and adsorbent recovery was studied.; Kinetics, isotherm models, and thermodynamics were evaluated.; The potential efficiency of adsorbent will also be checked for actual textile wastewater in future.;

This research focuses on the reintegration of released juvenile offenders within Dir Valley in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Situated within a unique socio-cultural and legal context, this region face distinct challenges that impact the lives of juvenile offenders. This study aims to uncover the role of family dynamics in shaping successful reintegration and inform tailored interventions. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study collected data through semistructured interviews with twenty released juvenile offenders and twenty family members. Thematic analysis revealed intricate patterns in family involvement that significantly influence the reintegration process. The family emerged as both a source of support and challenge for these juveniles. Challenges included absent key family members, strained relationships, and dysfunctional family environments, which hinderd reintegration efforts. Economic challenges, emotional support, and family criminal history were also found relevant factors in reintegration. The study's conclusions offer policy implications, including familycentered policies, tailored interventions, and holistic rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implication of two-dimensional (2D) MXene and their composites as catalysts for hydrogen (H 2) and oxygen (O 2) production represents an exciting area of research with great potential to revolutionize the field of catalysis. Herein, we demonstrated a method for surface modification of V 2 CT x MXene nanosheets (NSs) as an effective bifunctional nanocomposite electrocatalyst for water-splitting applications. This method involves the careful adsorption of the Erbium (Er) onto V 2 CT x NSs. Nanocomposites of Er@V 2 CT x were prepared by the sonication method. The Er@V 2 CT x in weight percentage ratio (0.12:1) nanocomposite (labeled as) achieved overpotentials of 174 mV vs. RHE (Reversible hydrogen electrode) and 370 mV (vs. OER) at the Tafel slope of 107 mV/dec for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 131 mV/dec for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) respectively, in 1.0 M KOH solution. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of pristine V 2 CT x and Er-decorated V 2 CT x (Er@V 2 CT x) nanocomposites revealed the presence of a 2D MXene structure with an increase in c-lattice parameter from 13.01 Å to 19.94 Å, indicating the successful adsorption of Er into MXene. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrates that all samples have layered structures with evident sheet separation. The V 2 CT x MXene had strong electrical coupling, charge transfer, and contact, which resulted in substantially improved water-splitting performance, structural stability, and low charge transfer resistance, ultimately enhancing the catalyst's intrinsic activity. • Erbium-doped V 2 C: Novel nanocomposite for efficient water splitting. • Cost-effective synthesis of Er-doped V 2 C composite. • Erbium inclusion enhances active sites and catalytic performance. • OER at 10 mAcm−2: Tafel slope (131 mV/dec), overpotential (370 mV). • HER at 10 mAcm−2: Tafel slope (107 mV/dec), overpotential (174 mV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]