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Background: Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human beings and its deficiency affects their normal growth and development., Objective: The main aim was to evaluate the effect of two doses of zinc supplementation (ZS) on the nutritional status in chronic kidney disease (CKD) children., Methods: A randomized-trial multicentric study was conducted in 48 CKD (23 females) patients under 18-years-old, for a year. At random, participants took 30 or 15 mg/day of ZS, respectively. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analysis were performed. Hypozincemia was determined by serum zinc concentration (SZC) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The positive or negative change in patients' body mass index (BMI) Z-score, serum albumin, zinc and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were used to evaluate the effect of ZS., Results: Mean SZC was normal before and after ZS. Despite ZS, there were no significant changes in serum albumin, zinc and CRP levels. A positive and significant association was observed between SZC and serum albumin before ( p = 0.000) and after ( p = 0.007) ZS. In both groups of ZS, there was a small but positive and significant change in body mass and normalization in BMI Z-score, hypoalbuminemia, hypozincemia and high CRP, especially with 30 mg/day of ZS., Conclusions: Zinc supplementation may be beneficial for nutritional status in children and adolescents with CKD.

The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of lisinopril were obtained in 46 children aged 6 months to 15 years. A lisinopril suspension (0.15 mg/kg per day) was administered to patients <6 years of age; the remaining children received lisinopril tablets, the daily dose being adjusted according to body weight, i.e., 2.5 mg if <25 kg, 5 mg if 25-45 kg, and 10 mg if >45 kg. Blood was drawn predose and on eight occasions postdose in children aged 4-15 years, and on five occasions in those aged <4 years. PK data are reported for the 46 children in terms of age groups: Group I (n=9), aged 6-23 months; Group II (n=8), aged 2-5 years; Group III (n=12), aged 6-11 years; Group IV (n=17), aged 12-15 years. The dose of lisinopril ranged from 3.07 mg/m(2) per day in Group I to 4.78 mg/m(2) per day in Group IV. C(max) of lisinopril, which occurred 5-6 h postdose, varied from 22 ng/ml in Groups I and II to 44 ng/ml in Groups III and IV; AUC(0-24 h) ranged from 301-311 ng.h/ml in Groups I and II to 550-570 ng.h/ml in Groups III and IV. No serious adverse events related to lisinopril were reported.

For the last 20 years, 11 patients with clinicopathologic diagnosis of nephronopththisis or medullary cystic disease, have been studied at the Nephrology Department of the Hospital Infantil de México. The initial manifestations took place at ages from 3 to 12 years and consisted of polyuria and polydipsia with reduction of vasopressin resistant urinary concentration capacity. Most cases showed anemia and pondostatural delay even at periods previous to renal insufficiency initiation. All cases showed normal urinary sediment with persistently negative urine cultures and progressed to chronic renal insufficiency after 1 to 10 years of evolution. Eight cases showed familial character. Histopathologic findings were similar and consisted of tubular disorders with alternation of atrophic tubuli having thickened basal and dilated tubuli having normal or flattened epithelium; renal medullary cysts were shown in some cases.

Forty-four renal biopsies were performed in the same number of selected patients with the diagnosis of lipoid nephrosis. Immunopathologic studies were carried out in all the biopsies. Positive immunofluorescence to immunoglobulins, complement/or fibrin was found in 21 cases (48%). A correlation was found between immunopathological findings and the number of patients with frequent relapses. More number of patients with frequent relapses were found in the group with positive immunofluorescence (p less than 0.01) than in those with negative results. No explanation was found for this situation; however it is suggested that the glomerular detection of immune proteins with lipoid nephrosis could be a useful parameter to predict frequent relapses in children with lipoid nephrosis.