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We present results from a series of exploratory numerical experiments based on ocean bottom pressure and seismic data from a simulated linear array of SMART cable stations off the trench in the Sumatra-Java region. We use six rupture scenarios to calculate tsunami propagation using hydrodynamic simulations. Through these experiments we show that such an addition would result in up to several hours of improvement in the detection of earthquakes and tsunamis compared to the existing (minimal) DART systems in the northern and southern Indian Ocean. By simulating tsunamis from 58 submarine landslide scenarios in the region, we show that the SMART system can provide invaluable information in early warning against landslide tsunamis. We also calculate seismic phase arrival times from six source scenarios at existing seismic stations and our proposed SMART cables. Statistical analysis of our results shows that inclusion of such a SMART array can improve the important network parameters for the detection, evaluation and locating of seismic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the period of September to December 2017, three pilot projects were implemented in Tonga, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands aiming to strengthen the multi-hazards early warning system in the respective countries through close collaboration between the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) and United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP). Main activities during the implementation phase were tailored based on gap analysis and risk assessments conducted beforehand. Thus, installation of high-resolution numerical weather, ocean wave, and climate prediction and forecasting tools were chosen to fill in the assessed gaps. These activities were incorporated with capacity building activities and high-level meetings with related stakeholders in disaster risk management using the concept of Fast-Leveraging-Easy-Economical-Sustain (FLEES). All three pilot projects had successfully proven to achieve their objectives by improving the capacities of National Meteorological Services in those three countries to produce multi-hazards early warning in higher resolution at a regional scale for disaster management in their respective countries.

Never before a catastrophe brought an influence of the world’s attention like the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 (IOT04). Before IOT04, states of the development of Early Warning System technology (EWS) was not as advanced and progressive as it is today. Together with the unavoidable impacts of climate change, disasters - both geologically and hydro-meteorological - are increasingly becoming the mainstream of global concern. Likewise, it’s EWS technology. This paper reviews the global development of EWS technologies, both related with geologically and hydro-meteorologically: before IOT04, current, and future development vision. The discussion of UN Agencies in the series of endeavor undertaken to embody Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2030 leads to a vision of the future development of EWS technology. Three factors become the primary drivers of EWS progress, among others, the growing awareness of the community that alter the form of a requirement of early warning information, the state of development of information technology, and observational instrumentation. The perspective of its application in Indonesia is also discussed.