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1. Differential Expression of HTR2A and MAOA Genes in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hypothalamus of Suicide Victims from a Mexican Population

Author

Salas Ac, Ramos Df, Salas Jm, Urtiz N, Barraza M, and Mendez Em

Subjects
Text mining, nervous system, business.industry, Hypothalamus, Differential expression, Biology, business, Prefrontal cortex, Gene, Neuroscience, Mexican population
Abstract

Background: Suicide is a major public health concern that has been associated with several neurobiological abnormalities, including dysfunction of the serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission system. The serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT 2A ) and the monoamine oxidase A enzyme (MAO-A), which is responsible for degrading 5-HT, are encoded by the HTR2A and MAOA genes, respectively. These genes have been associated with several psychiatric disorders and an increased risk for suicide. Methods: Our study examined the expression levels of HTR2A and MAOA genes in the postmortem prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 8/9) and hypothalamus (ventromedial nucleus) tissues from 15 suicide victims and 15 control subjects from a Mexican population. Gene-expression profile quantification was carried out by qPCR and determined by the method. Results: In suicide victims, the expression levels of the HTR2A gene were significantly higher in the prefrontal cortex. In contrast, the expression of the MAOA gene in the hypothalamus of the suicide victims was significantly higher than in the control subjects. When comparing adult controls against adult suicidal victims (25-59 year-old age group), a significant decrease in HTR2A expression in the hypothalamus was observed. These results were consistent regardless of age, sex, postmortem interval, or pH of brain tissue. Conclusions: The evidence suggests that the pattern of differential expression of the HTR2A and MAOA genes in the brain may be involved in suicide, providing a possible molecular basis for the brain abnormalities in suicide victims.

Published
2020
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2. Epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex: Findings from the TOSCA Study

Author

Nabbout, R, Belousova, E, Benedik, Mp, Carter, T, Cottin, V, Curatolo, P, Dahlin, M, Damato, L, D'Augeres, Gb, de Vries, Pj, Ferreira, Jc, Feucht, M, Fladrowski, C, Hertzberg, C, Jozwiak, S, Lawson, Ja, Macaya, A, Marques, R, O'Callaghan, F, Qin, J, Sander, V, Sauter, M, Shah, S, Takahashi, Y, Touraine, R, Youroukos, S, Zonnenberg, B, Jansen, A, Kingswood, Jc, Shinohara, N, Horie, S, Kubota, M, Tohyama, J, Imai, K, Kaneda, M, Kaneko, H, Uchida, Y, Endo, S, Inoue, Y, Uruno, K, Serdaroglu, A, Yapici, Z, Anlar, B, Altunbasak, S, Lvova, O, Valeryevich Belyaev, O, Agranovich, O, Vladislavovna Levitina, E, Vladimirovna Maksimova, Y, Karas, A, Jiang, Y, Zou, L, Xu, K, Zhang, Y, Luan, G, Wang, Y, Jin, M, Ye, D, Liao, W, Zhou, L, Liu, J, Liao, J, Yan, B, Deng, Y, Jiang, L, Liu, Z, Huang, S, Li, H, Kim, K, Chen, P, Lee, H, Tsai, J, Chi, C, Huang, C, Riney, K, Yates, D, Kwan, P, Likasitwattanakul, S, Nabangchang, C, Thampratankul Krisnachai Chomtho, L, Katanyuwong, K, Sriudomkajorn, S, Wilmshurst, J, Segel, R, Gilboa, T, Tzadok, M, Fattal-Valevski, A, Papathanasopoulos, P, Syrigou Papavasiliou, A, Giannakodimos, S, Gatzonis, S, Pavlou, E, Tzoufi, M, Dhooghe, M, Verhelst, H, Roelens, F, Cecile Nassogne, M, Defresne, P, De Waele, L, Leroy, P, Demonceau, N, Van Bogaert, P, Ceulemans, B, Dom, L, Castelnau, P, De Saint Martin, A, Riquet, A, Milh, M, Cances, C, Pedespan, J, Ville, D, Roubertie, A, Auvin, S, Berquin, P, Richelme, C, Allaire, C, Gueden, S, Nguyen The Tich, S, Godet, B, Rojas, Mlrf, Planas, Jc, Bermejo, Am, Dura, Ps, Aparicio, Sr, Gonzalez, Mjm, Pison, Jl, Blanco Barca, Mo, Laso, El, Luengo, Oa, Rodriguez, Fja, Dieguez, Im, Salas, Ac, Carrera, Im, Salcedo, Em, Petri, Mey, Candela, Rc, Carrilho, Idc, Vieira, Jp, Monteiro, Jpdso, Leao, Mjsdof, Luis, Csmr, Pires Mendonca, C, Endziniene, M, Strautmanis, J, Talvik, I, Canevini, Mp, Gambardella, A, Pruna, D, Buono, S, Fontana, E, Bernardina, Bd, Burloiu, C, Cosma, Isb, Vintan, Ma, Popescu, L, Zitterbart, K, Payerova, J, Bratsky, L, Zilinska, Z, Gruber-Sedlmayr, U, Haberlandt, E, Rostasy, K, Pataraia, E, Elmslie, F, Ann Johnston, C, Crawford, P, Uldall, P, Uvebrant, P, Rask, O, Bjoernvold, M, Sloerdahl, A, Solhoff, R, Jaatun, Msg, Mandera, M, Radzikowska, Ej, Wysocki, M, Fischereder, M, Kurlemann, G, Wilken, B, Wiemer-Kruel, A, Budde, K, Marquard, K, Knuf, M, Hahn, A, Hartmann, H, Merkenschlager, A, and Trollmann, R

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Neurology, Disease, tuberous sclerosis complex, 030105 genetics & heredity, registry, 03 medical and health sciences, Tuberous sclerosis, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Intellectual disability, medicine, Seizure control, TOSCA, business.industry, epilepsy, medicine.disease, Settore MED/39 - Neuropsichiatria Infantile, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cohort, Full‐length Original Research, Neurology (clinical), TSC1, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Summary Objective To present the baseline data of the international TuberOus SClerosis registry to increase disease Awareness (TOSCA) with emphasis on the characteristics of epilepsies associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Methods Retrospective and prospective patients’ data on all aspects of TSC were collected from multiple countries worldwide. Epilepsy variables included seizure type, age at onset, type of treatment, and treatment outcomes and association with genotype, seizures control, and intellectual disability. As for noninterventional registries, the study protocol did not specify any particular clinical instruments, laboratory investigations, or intervention. Evaluations included those required for diagnosis and management following local best practice. Results Epilepsy was reported in 83.6% of patients (1852/2216) at baseline; 38.9% presented with infantile spasms and 67.5% with focal seizures. The mean age at diagnosis of infantile spasms was 0.4 year (median

Published
2019

3. Inbreeding in a dioecious plant has sex- and population origin-specific effects on its interactions with pollinators.

Author

Schrieber K, Paul SC, Höche LV, Salas AC, Didszun R, Mößnang J, Müller C, Erfmeier A, and Eilers EJ

Subjects
Animals, Biological Evolution, Color, Flowers anatomy & histology, Flowers chemistry, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Moths physiology, Odorants, Plant Breeding, Inbreeding, Pollination, Silene genetics, Silene physiology
Abstract

We study the effects of inbreeding in a dioecious plant on its interaction with pollinating insects and test whether the magnitude of such effects is shaped by plant individual sex and the evolutionary histories of plant populations. We recorded spatial, scent, colour, and rewarding flower traits as well as pollinator visitation rates in experimentally inbred and outbred, male and female Silene latifolia plants from European and North American populations differing in their evolutionary histories. We found that inbreeding specifically impairs spatial flower traits and floral scent. Our results support that sex-specific selection and gene expression may have partially magnified these inbreeding costs for females, and that divergent evolutionary histories altered the genetic architecture underlying inbreeding effects across population origins. Moreover, the results indicate that inbreeding effects on floral scent may have a huge potential to disrupt interactions among plants and nocturnal moth pollinators, which are mediated by elaborate chemical communication., Competing Interests: KS, LH, AS, RD, JM, CM, AE No competing interests declared, (© 2021, Schrieber et al.)

Published
2021
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4. Change in Mycophenolate and Tacrolimus Exposure by Transplant Vintage and Race.

Author

Soliman KM, Posadas Salas AC, and Taber DJ

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Calcineurin Inhibitors adverse effects, Calcineurin Inhibitors blood, Drug Monitoring, Female, Graft Rejection ethnology, Graft Rejection immunology, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents adverse effects, Immunosuppressive Agents blood, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Mycophenolic Acid adverse effects, Mycophenolic Acid blood, Race Factors, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, South Carolina, Tacrolimus adverse effects, Tacrolimus blood, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Black or African American, Calcineurin Inhibitors administration & dosage, Graft Rejection prevention & control, Graft Survival drug effects, Immunosuppressive Agents administration & dosage, Kidney Transplantation adverse effects, Mycophenolic Acid administration & dosage, Tacrolimus administration & dosage
Abstract

Objectives: Although both tacrolimus and mycophenolate have improved outcomes after kidney transplant, studies regarding effects of exposure on outcomes, specifically related to racial disparities, are sparse., Materials and Methods: In this 8-year longitudinal cohort study of adult kidney transplant recipients, mycophenolate and tacrolimus levels were compared across transplant vintage stratified by non-African Americans versus African Americans. Data were analyzed with standard univariate tests and multivariable regression models., Results: Our study included 1217 patients (transplanted from 2005-2013) who had tacrolimus and myco-phenolate exposure data, with follow-up through 2015 (53.7% were African Americans). Mean mycophenolate dose was 1672 ± 463 mg/day during the first 3 years posttransplant. Although transplant vintage did not appreciably impact mycophenolate dosing in non-African Americans (0.7 mg/day/y; P = .903), doses significantly decreased in African Americans across transplant vintage (-20.5 mg/day/y; P < .001). Rate of mycophenolate being held or discontinued based on transplant vintage significantly increased in African Americans but did not change in non-African Americans. At the beginning of the study, mean tacrolimus levels were lower in African Americans; however, levels then slightly decreased in non-African Americans (-0.03 ng/mL/y; P = .279) and slightly increased in African Americans (+0.03 ng/mL/y; P = .247), with similar levels by 2013. Higher tacrolimus levels were protective against rejection in African Americans only but were protective against death-censored graft loss in both race/ethnicity groups. Mycophenolate dosing had no appreciable impact on outcomes in African Americans, but higher mycophenolate dosing was a significant risk factor for death-censored graft loss in non-African Americans., Conclusions: Tacrolimus and mycophenolate exposure levels have significantly changed over time and differed by race/ethnicity. In non-African Americans, those transplanted more recently tended to have lower tacrolimus but similar mycophenolate exposure. Although mycophenolate exposure in African Americans has recently decreased, tacrolimus has increased. Differences in outcomes likely reflect improved understanding of immunosuppressant tolerability by recipient race/ethnicity.

Published
2019
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