Author: "Salas-Eljatib C" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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24 results on '"Salas-Eljatib C"'

1. The global distribution and drivers of wood density and their impact on forest carbon stocks

Author: Mo, L., Crowther, T.W., Maynard, D.S., van den Hoogen, J., Ma, H., Bialic-Murphy, L., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P.B., Phillips, O.L., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y.C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A.M., Alvarado, B.V., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L.F., Amaral, I., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G.A., Baker, T.R., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J.G., Bastian, M.L., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Boonman, C.C.F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P.H.S., Brandl, S., Brearley, F.Q., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E.N., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., César, R.G., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H.Y.H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G.D., Coomes, D.A., Valverde, F.C., Corral-Rivas, J.J., Crim, P.M., Cumming, J.R., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A.L., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N.L., Enquist, B.J., Eyre, T.J., Fandohan, A.B., Fayle, T.M., Feldpausch, T.R., Ferreira, L.V., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J.G.P., Gianelle, D., Glick, H.B., Harris, D.J., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J.L., Herold, M., Hietz, P., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V.K., Joly, C.A., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D.K., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Killeen, T.J., Kim, H.S., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Kucher, D., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S.L., Li, Y., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Lu, H., Lukina, N. V., Maitner, B.S., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marshall, A.R., Martin, E.H., McCarthy, J.K., Meave, J.A., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Mendoza-Polo, I., Miscicki, S., Merow, C., Mendoza, A.M., Moreno, V.S., Mukul, S.A., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M.G., Neill, D., Neldner, V.J., Nevenic, R.V., Ngugi, M.R., Niklaus, P.A., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E.I., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P.L., Pfautsch, S., Picard, N., Piedade, M.T.F., Piotto, D., Pitman, N.C.A., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A.D., Poulsen, J.R., Pretzsch, H., Arevalo, F.R., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Richardson, S.J., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S.G., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M.-J., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E.B., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J.M., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Da Silva, A.C., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Sosinski, E.E., Souza, A.F., Stereńczak, K.J., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P.M., Usoltsev, V.A., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., Van Bodegom, P.M., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M.E., Vasquez, R.M., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A.C., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J.V., Werner, G.D.A., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I.C., Zohner, C.M., Mo, L., Crowther, T.W., Maynard, D.S., van den Hoogen, J., Ma, H., Bialic-Murphy, L., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P.B., Phillips, O.L., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y.C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A.M., Alvarado, B.V., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L.F., Amaral, I., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G.A., Baker, T.R., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J.G., Bastian, M.L., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Boonman, C.C.F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P.H.S., Brandl, S., Brearley, F.Q., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E.N., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., César, R.G., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H.Y.H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G.D., Coomes, D.A., Valverde, F.C., Corral-Rivas, J.J., Crim, P.M., Cumming, J.R., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A.L., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N.L., Enquist, B.J., Eyre, T.J., Fandohan, A.B., Fayle, T.M., Feldpausch, T.R., Ferreira, L.V., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J.G.P., Gianelle, D., Glick, H.B., Harris, D.J., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J.L., Herold, M., Hietz, P., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V.K., Joly, C.A., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D.K., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Killeen, T.J., Kim, H.S., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Kucher, D., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S.L., Li, Y., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Lu, H., Lukina, N. V., Maitner, B.S., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marshall, A.R., Martin, E.H., McCarthy, J.K., Meave, J.A., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Mendoza-Polo, I., Miscicki, S., Merow, C., Mendoza, A.M., Moreno, V.S., Mukul, S.A., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M.G., Neill, D., Neldner, V.J., Nevenic, R.V., Ngugi, M.R., Niklaus, P.A., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E.I., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P.L., Pfautsch, S., Picard, N., Piedade, M.T.F., Piotto, D., Pitman, N.C.A., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A.D., Poulsen, J.R., Pretzsch, H., Arevalo, F.R., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Richardson, S.J., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S.G., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M.-J., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E.B., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J.M., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Da Silva, A.C., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Sosinski, E.E., Souza, A.F., Stereńczak, K.J., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P.M., Usoltsev, V.A., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., Van Bodegom, P.M., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M.E., Vasquez, R.M., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A.C., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J.V., Werner, G.D.A., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I.C., and Zohner, C.M.
Abstract: The density of wood is a key indicator of the carbon investment strategies of trees, impacting productivity and carbon storage. Despite its importance, the global variation in wood density and its environmental controls remain poorly understood, preventing accurate predictions of global forest carbon stocks. Here we analyse information from 1.1 million forest inventory plots alongside wood density data from 10,703 tree species to create a spatially explicit understanding of the global wood density distribution and its drivers. Our findings reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with wood in tropical forests being up to 30% denser than that in boreal forests. In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, hydrothermal conditions represented by annual mean temperature and soil moisture emerged as the primary factors influencing the variation in wood density globally. This indicates similar environmental filters and evolutionary adaptations among distinct plant groups, underscoring the essential role of abiotic factors in determining wood density in forest ecosystems. Additionally, our study highlights the prominent role of disturbance, such as human modification and fire risk, in influencing wood density at more local scales. Factoring in the spatial variation of wood density notably changes the estimates of forest carbon stocks, leading to differences of up to 21% within biomes. Therefore, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of terrestrial biomass distribution and how environmental changes and disturbances impact forest ecosystems.
Published: 2024
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2. Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threats

Author: Hordijk, I., Bialic‐Murphy, L., Lauber, T., Routh, D., Poorter, L., Rivers, M., ter Steege, H., Liang, J., Reich, P., de‐Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Gamarra, J., Chen, H., Zhou, M., Wiser, S., Pretzsch, H., Paquette, A., Picard, N., Hérault, B., Bastin, J.-F., Alberti, G., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez‐Davila, E., Alvarez‐Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón‐Fernández, C., Araujo‐Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard Corredor, G., Baker, T., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R., Cesar, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clar, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral‐Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Dolezal, J., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Ferreira, L., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon‐Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo‐Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Miscicki, S., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava‐Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz‐Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Parada‐Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Arevalo, F., Restrepo‐Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra‐Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva‐Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., Van Nuland, M., Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo‐Bi, I., Maynard, D., Crowther, T., Hordijk, I., Bialic‐Murphy, L., Lauber, T., Routh, D., Poorter, L., Rivers, M., ter Steege, H., Liang, J., Reich, P., de‐Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Gamarra, J., Chen, H., Zhou, M., Wiser, S., Pretzsch, H., Paquette, A., Picard, N., Hérault, B., Bastin, J.-F., Alberti, G., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez‐Davila, E., Alvarez‐Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón‐Fernández, C., Araujo‐Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard Corredor, G., Baker, T., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R., Cesar, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clar, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral‐Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Dolezal, J., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Ferreira, L., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon‐Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo‐Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Miscicki, S., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava‐Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz‐Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Parada‐Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Arevalo, F., Restrepo‐Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra‐Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva‐Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., Van Nuland, M., Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo‐Bi, I., Maynard, D., and Crowther, T.
Abstract: Aim Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree communities? (2) Which ecological and anthropogenic factors predict these patterns? And (3) what is the extinction risk of locally dominant and rare tree species? Location Global. Time period 1990–2017. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We used 1.2 million forest plots and quantified local tree dominance as the relative plot basal area of the single most dominant species and local rarity as the percentage of species that contribute together to the least 10% of plot basal area. We mapped global community dominance and rarity using machine learning models and evaluated the ecological and anthropogenic predictors with linear models. Extinction risk, for example threatened status, of geographically widespread dominant and rare species was evaluated. Results Community dominance and rarity show contrasting latitudinal trends, with boreal forests having high levels of dominance and tropical forests having high levels of rarity. Increasing annual precipitation reduces community dominance, probably because precipitation is related to an increase in tree density and richness. Additionally, stand age is positively related to community dominance, due to stem diameter increase of the most dominant species. Surprisingly, we find that locally dominant and rare species, which are geographically widespread in our data, have an equally high rate of elevated extinction due to declining populations through large-scale land degradation. Main conclusions By linking patterns and predictors of community dominance and rarity to extinction risk, our results suggest tha
Published: 2024
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3. Global patterns and environmental drivers of forest functional composition

Author: Bouchard, E., Searle, E.B., Drapeau, P., Liang, J., Gamarra, J.G.P., Abegg, M., Alberti, G., Zambrano, A.A., Alvarez‐Davila, E., Alves, L.F., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Bastin, J.‐F., Birnbaum, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Broadbent, E., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., Češljar, G., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C. J., Corral‐Rivas, J.J., Crowther, T.W., Dayanandan, S., Decuyper, M., de Gasper, A.L., de‐Miguel, S., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjević, I., Van Do, T., Dolezal, J., Fayle, T.M., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Hemp, A., Hérault, B., Herold, M., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Jucker, T., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Kim, H..S., Korjus, H., Kraxner, Fl., Laarmann, D., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Maitner, B.S., Marcon, E., Marshall, A.R., Mukul, S.A., Nabuurs, G.‐J., Nava‐Miranda, M.G., Parfenova, E.I., Park, M., Peri, P.L., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O.L., Piedade, M.T.F., Piotto, D., Poulsen, J.R., Poulsen, A.D., Pretzsch, H., Reich, P.B., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Rovero, F., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Schöngart, J., Šebeň, V., Sist, P., Slik, F., Souza, A.F., Stereńczak, K., Svoboda, M., Tchebakova, N.M., ter Steege, H., Tikhonova, E.V., Usoltsev, V.A., Valladares, F., Viana, H., Vibrans, A.C., Wang, H.‐F.., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S.K., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zawiła‐Niedźwiecki, T., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.‐X., Zo‐Bi, I.C., Paquette, A., Bouchard, E., Searle, E.B., Drapeau, P., Liang, J., Gamarra, J.G.P., Abegg, M., Alberti, G., Zambrano, A.A., Alvarez‐Davila, E., Alves, L.F., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Bastin, J.‐F., Birnbaum, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Broadbent, E., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., Češljar, G., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C. J., Corral‐Rivas, J.J., Crowther, T.W., Dayanandan, S., Decuyper, M., de Gasper, A.L., de‐Miguel, S., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjević, I., Van Do, T., Dolezal, J., Fayle, T.M., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Hemp, A., Hérault, B., Herold, M., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Jucker, T., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Kim, H..S., Korjus, H., Kraxner, Fl., Laarmann, D., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Maitner, B.S., Marcon, E., Marshall, A.R., Mukul, S.A., Nabuurs, G.‐J., Nava‐Miranda, M.G., Parfenova, E.I., Park, M., Peri, P.L., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O.L., Piedade, M.T.F., Piotto, D., Poulsen, J.R., Poulsen, A.D., Pretzsch, H., Reich, P.B., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Rovero, F., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Schöngart, J., Šebeň, V., Sist, P., Slik, F., Souza, A.F., Stereńczak, K., Svoboda, M., Tchebakova, N.M., ter Steege, H., Tikhonova, E.V., Usoltsev, V.A., Valladares, F., Viana, H., Vibrans, A.C., Wang, H.‐F.., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S.K., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zawiła‐Niedźwiecki, T., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.‐X., Zo‐Bi, I.C., and Paquette, A.
Abstract: Aim To determine the relationships between the functional trait composition of forest communities and environmental gradients across scales and biomes and the role of species relative abundances in these relationships. Location Global. Time period Recent. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We integrated species abundance records from worldwide forest inventories and associated functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area and seed mass) to obtain a data set of 99,953 to 149,285 plots (depending on the trait) spanning all forested continents. We computed community-weighted and unweighted means of trait values for each plot and related them to three broad environmental gradients and their interactions (energy availability, precipitation and soil properties) at two scales (global and biomes). Results Our models explained up to 60% of the variance in trait distribution. At global scale, the energy gradient had the strongest influence on traits. However, within-biome models revealed different relationships among biomes. Notably, the functional composition of tropical forests was more influenced by precipitation and soil properties than energy availability, whereas temperate forests showed the opposite pattern. Depending on the trait studied, response to gradients was more variable and proportionally weaker in boreal forests. Community unweighted means were better predicted than weighted means for almost all models. Main conclusions Worldwide, trees require a large amount of energy (following latitude) to produce dense wood and seeds, while leaves with large surface to weight ratios are concentrated in temperate forests. However, patterns of functional composition within-biome differ from global patterns due to biome specificities such as the presence of conifers or unique combinations of climatic and soil properties. We recommend assessing the sensitivity of tree functional traits to environmental changes in their geographic context. Furthermore, at a given site, th
Published: 2024
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4. Positive feedbacks and alternative stable states in forest leaf types

Author: Zou, Y., Zohner, C., Averill, C., Ma, H., Merder, J., Berdugo, M., Bialic-Murphy, L., Mo, L., Brun, P., Zimmermann, N., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P., Niinements, U., Dahlgren, J., Kändler, G., Ratcliffe, S., Ruiz-Benito, P., de Zavala, M., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Iêda, A., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Kucher, D., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Miscicki, S., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H., Watson, J., Werner, G., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., Crowther, T., Zou, Y., Zohner, C., Averill, C., Ma, H., Merder, J., Berdugo, M., Bialic-Murphy, L., Mo, L., Brun, P., Zimmermann, N., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P., Niinements, U., Dahlgren, J., Kändler, G., Ratcliffe, S., Ruiz-Benito, P., de Zavala, M., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Iêda, A., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Kucher, D., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Miscicki, S., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H., Watson, J., Werner, G., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., and Crowther, T.
Abstract: The emergence of alternative stable states in forest systems has significant implications for the functioning and structure of the terrestrial biosphere, yet empirical evidence remains scarce. Here, we combine global forest biodiversity observations and simulations to test for alternative stable states in the presence of evergreen and deciduous forest types. We reveal a bimodal distribution of forest leaf types across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere that cannot be explained by the environment alone, suggesting signatures of alternative forest states. Moreover, we empirically demonstrate the existence of positive feedbacks in tree growth, recruitment and mortality, with trees having 4–43% higher growth rates, 14–17% higher survival rates and 4–7 times higher recruitment rates when they are surrounded by trees of their own leaf type. Simulations show that the observed positive feedbacks are necessary and sufficient to generate alternative forest states, which also lead to dependency on history (hysteresis) during ecosystem transition from evergreen to deciduous forests and vice versa. We identify hotspots of bistable forest types in evergreen-deciduous ecotones, which are likely driven by soil-related positive feedbacks. These findings are integral to predicting the distribution of forest biomes, and aid to our understanding of biodiversity, carbon turnover, and terrestrial climate feedbacks.
Published: 2024
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5. The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

Author: Ma, H., Crowther, T., Mo, L., Maynard, D., Renner, S., van den Hoogen, J., Zou, Y., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P., Niinemets, Ü., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Amaral, I., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Kucher, D., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Mendoza-Polo, I., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M.-J., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Miścicki, S., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I., Zohner, C., Ma, H., Crowther, T., Mo, L., Maynard, D., Renner, S., van den Hoogen, J., Zou, Y., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P., Niinemets, Ü., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Amaral, I., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Kucher, D., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Mendoza-Polo, I., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M.-J., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Miścicki, S., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I., and Zohner, C.
Abstract: Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17-34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.
Published: 2023
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6. Integrated global assessment of the natural forest carbon potential

Author: Mo, L., Zohner, C., Reich, P., Liang, J., de Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G., Renner, S., van den Hoogen, J., Araza, A., Herold, M., Mirzagholi, L., Ma, H., Averill, C., Phillips, O., Gamarra, J., Hordijk, I., Routh, D., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Amaral, I., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Kucher, D., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Mendoza-Polo, I., Miscicki, S., Merow, C., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., Gann, G., Crowther, T., Mo, L., Zohner, C., Reich, P., Liang, J., de Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G., Renner, S., van den Hoogen, J., Araza, A., Herold, M., Mirzagholi, L., Ma, H., Averill, C., Phillips, O., Gamarra, J., Hordijk, I., Routh, D., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Amaral, I., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Kucher, D., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Mendoza-Polo, I., Miscicki, S., Merow, C., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., Gann, G., and Crowther, T.
Abstract: Forests are a substantial terrestrial carbon sink, but anthropogenic changes in land use and climate have considerably reduced the scale of this system1. Remote-sensing estimates to quantify carbon losses from global forests2–5 are characterized by considerable uncertainty and we lack a comprehensive ground-sourced evaluation to benchmark these estimates. Here we combine several ground-sourced6 and satellite-derived approaches2,7,8 to evaluate the scale of the global forest carbon potential outside agricultural and urban lands. Despite regional variation, the predictions demonstrated remarkable consistency at a global scale, with only a 12% difference between the ground-sourced and satellite-derived estimates. At present, global forest carbon storage is markedly under the natural potential, with a total deficit of 226 Gt (model range = 151–363 Gt) in areas with low human footprint. Most (61%, 139 Gt C) of this potential is in areas with existing forests, in which ecosystem protection can allow forests to recover to maturity. The remaining 39% (87 Gt C) of potential lies in regions in which forests have been removed or fragmented. Although forests cannot be a substitute for emissions reductions, our results support the idea2,3,9 that the conservation, restoration and sustainable management of diverse forests offer valuable contributions to meeting global climate and biodiversity targets.
Published: 2023

7. Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Author: Delavaux, C., Crowther, T., Zohner, C., Robmann, N., Lauber, T., van den Hoogen, J., Kuebbing, S., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P.B., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y.C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A.M., Alvarado, B.V., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L.F., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G.A., Baker, T.R., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J.G., Bastian, M.L., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P.H.S., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E.N., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., César, R.G., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H.Y.H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G.D., Coomes, D.A., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J.J., Crim, P.M., Cumming, J.R., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A.L., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N.L., Enquist, B.J., Eyre, T.J., Fandohan, A.B., Fayle, T.M., Feldpausch, T.R., Ferreira, L.V., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J.G.P., Gianelle, D., Glick, H.B., Harris, D.J., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J.L., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Hui, C., Ibanez, T.T., Amaral, I., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V.K., Joly, C.A., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D.K., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Killeen, T.J., Kim, H.S., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S.L., Lu, H., Lukina, N.V., Maitner, B.S., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marshall, A.R., Martin, E.H., Martynenko, O., Meave, J.A., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Mendoza, A.M., Moreno, V.S., Mukul, S.A., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M.G., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stanislaw, M., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Do, T.V., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S.K., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I., Maynard, D., Delavaux, C., Crowther, T., Zohner, C., Robmann, N., Lauber, T., van den Hoogen, J., Kuebbing, S., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P.B., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y.C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A.M., Alvarado, B.V., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L.F., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G.A., Baker, T.R., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J.G., Bastian, M.L., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P.H.S., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E.N., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., César, R.G., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H.Y.H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G.D., Coomes, D.A., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J.J., Crim, P.M., Cumming, J.R., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A.L., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N.L., Enquist, B.J., Eyre, T.J., Fandohan, A.B., Fayle, T.M., Feldpausch, T.R., Ferreira, L.V., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J.G.P., Gianelle, D., Glick, H.B., Harris, D.J., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J.L., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Hui, C., Ibanez, T.T., Amaral, I., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V.K., Joly, C.A., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D.K., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Killeen, T.J., Kim, H.S., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S.L., Lu, H., Lukina, N.V., Maitner, B.S., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marshall, A.R., Martin, E.H., Martynenko, O., Meave, J.A., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Mendoza, A.M., Moreno, V.S., Mukul, S.A., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M.G., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stanislaw, M., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Do, T.V., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S.K., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I., and Maynard, D.
Abstract: Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species1,2. Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies3,4. Here, leveraging global tree databases5-7, we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions.
Published: 2023
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8. Evenness mediates the global relationship between forest productivity and richness

Author: Hordijk, I., Maynard, D.S., Hart, S.P., Lidong, M., ter Steege, H., Liang, J., de‐Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.‐J., Reich, P., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Esteban, A.-D., Alvarez‐Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón‐Fernández, C., Araujo‐Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard C, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral‐Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Nestor Laurier, E., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Ferreira, L., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Bin Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johanssen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon‐Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo‐Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Stanislaw, M., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava‐Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz‐Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada‐Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo‐Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Šebeň, V., Serra‐Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva‐Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Tran, D., Van Nuland, M., Vasquez Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo‐Bi, I., Crowther, T., Hordijk, I., Maynard, D.S., Hart, S.P., Lidong, M., ter Steege, H., Liang, J., de‐Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.‐J., Reich, P., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Esteban, A.-D., Alvarez‐Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón‐Fernández, C., Araujo‐Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard C, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral‐Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Nestor Laurier, E., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Ferreira, L., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Bin Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johanssen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon‐Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo‐Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Stanislaw, M., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava‐Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz‐Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada‐Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo‐Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Šebeň, V., Serra‐Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva‐Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Tran, D., Van Nuland, M., Vasquez Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo‐Bi, I., and Crowther, T.
Abstract: 1. Biodiversity is an important component of natural ecosystems, with higher species richness often correlating with an increase in ecosystem productivity. Yet, this relationship varies substantially across environments, typically becoming less pronounced at high levels of species richness. However, species richness alone cannot reflect all important properties of a community, including community evenness, which may mediate the relationship between biodiversity and productivity. If the evenness of a community correlates negatively with richness across forests globally, then a greater number of species may not always increase overall diversity and productivity of the system. Theoretical work and local empirical studies have shown that the effect of evenness on ecosystem functioning may be especially strong at high richness levels, yet the consistency of this remains untested at a global scale. 2. Here, we used a dataset of forests from across the globe, which includes composition, biomass accumulation and net primary productivity, to explore whether productivity correlates with community evenness and richness in a way that evenness appears to buffer the effect of richness. Specifically, we evaluated whether low levels of evenness in speciose communities correlate with the attenuation of the richness–productivity relationship. 3. We found that tree species richness and evenness are negatively correlated across forests globally, with highly speciose forests typically comprising a few dominant and many rare species. Furthermore, we found that the correlation between diversity and productivity changes with evenness: at low richness, uneven communities are more productive, while at high richness, even communities are more productive. 4. Synthesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that evenness is an integral component of the relationship between biodiversity and productivity, and that the attenuating effect of richness on forest productivity might be partly explain
Published: 2023
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9. Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients

Author: Liang, J., Gamarra, J.G.P., Picard, N., Zhou, M., Pijanowski, B., Jacobs, D.F., Reich, P.B., Crowther, T.W., Nabuurs, G.-J., de-Miguel, S., Fang, J., Woodall, C.W., Svenning, J.-C., Jucker, T., Bastin, J.-F., Wiser, S.K., Slik, F., Hérault, B., Alberti, G., Keppel, G., Hengeveld, G.M., Ibisch, P.L., Silva, C.A., ter Steege, H., Peri, P.L., Coomes, D.A., Searle, E.B., von Gadow, K., Jaroszewicz, B., Abbasi, A.O., Abegg, M., Yao, Y.C. A., Aguirre-Gutiérrez, J., Zambrano, A.M.A., Altman, J., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Álvarez-González, J.G., Alves, L.F., Amani, B.H.K., Amani, C.A., Ammer, C., Ilondea, B.A., Antón-Fernández, C., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G.A., Azihou, A.F., Baard, J.A., Baker, T.R., Balazy, R., Bastian, M.L., Batumike, R., Bauters, M., Beeckman, H., Benu, N.M.H., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P.H.S., Brandl, S., Brearley, F. Q., Briseno-Reyes, J., Broadbent, E.N., Bruelheide, H., Bulte, E., Catlin, A.C., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R.G., Chen, H.Y. H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Colletta, G.D., Corral-Rivas, J.J., Cuchietti, A., Cuni-Sanchez, A., Dar, J.A., Dayanandan, S., de Haulleville, T., Decuyper, M., Delabye, S., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Diisi, J., Do, T.V., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Durrheim, G.P., Obiang, N.L.E., Ewango, C.E.N., Eyre, T.J., Fayle, T.M., Feunang, L.F.N., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fridman, J., Frizzera, Lorenzo., de Gasper, A.L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H.B., Gonzalez-Elizondo, M.S., Gorenstein, Lev., Habonayo, R., Hardy, O.J., Harris, D.J., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Hubau, W., Ibanez, T., Imai, N., Imani, G., Jagodzinski, A.M., Janecek, S., Johannsen, V.K., Joly, C.A., Jumbam, B., Kabelong, B. L. P. R., Kahsay, G.A., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kassi, J.ustin N., Kearsley, E., Kennard, D.K., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Khan, M. L., Kigomo, J.N., Kim, H.S., Klauberg, C., Klomberg, Y., Korjus, H., Kothandaraman, S., Kraxner, F., Kumar, A., Kuswandi, R., Lang, M., Lawes, M.J., Leite, R.V., Lentner, G., Lewis, S.L., Libalah, M.B., Lisingo, Janvier, López-Serrano, P.M., Lu, H., Lukina, N.V., Lykke, A.M., Maicher, V., Maitner, B.S., Marcon, E., Marshall, A.R., Martin, E. H., Martynenko, O., Mbayu, F.M., Mbuvi, M. T. E., Meave, J. A., Merow, C., Miscicki, S., Moreno, V. S., Morera, A., Mukul, S.A., Müller, J.C., Murdjoko, A., Nava-Miranda, M.G., Ndive, L.E., Neldner, V.J., Nevenic, R.V., Nforbelie, L.N., Ngoh, M.L., N’Guessan, A.E., Ngugi, M.R., Ngute, A. S. K., Njila, E. N. N., Nyako, M.C., Ochuodho, T.O., Oleksyn, J., Paquette, A., Parfenova, E.I., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O. L., Piedade, M.T. F., Piotto, D., Pollastrini, M., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J. R., Poulsen, A.D., Pretzsch, H., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S.G., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Sagheb-Talebi, K., Saikia, P., Sainge, M.N., Salas-Eljatib, C., Salis, A., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Šebeň, V., Sellan, G., Selvi, F., Serra-Diaz, J.M., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Sist, P., Souza, A.F., Stereńczak, K.J., Sullivan, M. J. P., Sundarapandian, S., Svoboda, M., Swaine, M.D., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Trethowan, L.A., Tropek, R., Mukendi, J.T., Umunay, P.M., Usoltsev, V.A., Vaglio Laurin, G., Valentini, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Vega-Nieva, D.J., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A.C., Vieira, S.A., Vleminckx, J., Waite, C.E., Wang, H.-F., Wasingya, E.K., Wekesa, C., Westerlund, B., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhu, J., Zhu, X., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I.C., Hui, C., Liang, J., Gamarra, J.G.P., Picard, N., Zhou, M., Pijanowski, B., Jacobs, D.F., Reich, P.B., Crowther, T.W., Nabuurs, G.-J., de-Miguel, S., Fang, J., Woodall, C.W., Svenning, J.-C., Jucker, T., Bastin, J.-F., Wiser, S.K., Slik, F., Hérault, B., Alberti, G., Keppel, G., Hengeveld, G.M., Ibisch, P.L., Silva, C.A., ter Steege, H., Peri, P.L., Coomes, D.A., Searle, E.B., von Gadow, K., Jaroszewicz, B., Abbasi, A.O., Abegg, M., Yao, Y.C. A., Aguirre-Gutiérrez, J., Zambrano, A.M.A., Altman, J., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Álvarez-González, J.G., Alves, L.F., Amani, B.H.K., Amani, C.A., Ammer, C., Ilondea, B.A., Antón-Fernández, C., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G.A., Azihou, A.F., Baard, J.A., Baker, T.R., Balazy, R., Bastian, M.L., Batumike, R., Bauters, M., Beeckman, H., Benu, N.M.H., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P.H.S., Brandl, S., Brearley, F. Q., Briseno-Reyes, J., Broadbent, E.N., Bruelheide, H., Bulte, E., Catlin, A.C., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R.G., Chen, H.Y. H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Colletta, G.D., Corral-Rivas, J.J., Cuchietti, A., Cuni-Sanchez, A., Dar, J.A., Dayanandan, S., de Haulleville, T., Decuyper, M., Delabye, S., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Diisi, J., Do, T.V., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Durrheim, G.P., Obiang, N.L.E., Ewango, C.E.N., Eyre, T.J., Fayle, T.M., Feunang, L.F.N., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fridman, J., Frizzera, Lorenzo., de Gasper, A.L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H.B., Gonzalez-Elizondo, M.S., Gorenstein, Lev., Habonayo, R., Hardy, O.J., Harris, D.J., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Hubau, W., Ibanez, T., Imai, N., Imani, G., Jagodzinski, A.M., Janecek, S., Johannsen, V.K., Joly, C.A., Jumbam, B., Kabelong, B. L. P. R., Kahsay, G.A., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kassi, J.ustin N., Kearsley, E., Kennard, D.K., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Khan, M. L., Kigomo, J.N., Kim, H.S., Klauberg, C., Klomberg, Y., Korjus, H., Kothandaraman, S., Kraxner, F., Kumar, A., Kuswandi, R., Lang, M., Lawes, M.J., Leite, R.V., Lentner, G., Lewis, S.L., Libalah, M.B., Lisingo, Janvier, López-Serrano, P.M., Lu, H., Lukina, N.V., Lykke, A.M., Maicher, V., Maitner, B.S., Marcon, E., Marshall, A.R., Martin, E. H., Martynenko, O., Mbayu, F.M., Mbuvi, M. T. E., Meave, J. A., Merow, C., Miscicki, S., Moreno, V. S., Morera, A., Mukul, S.A., Müller, J.C., Murdjoko, A., Nava-Miranda, M.G., Ndive, L.E., Neldner, V.J., Nevenic, R.V., Nforbelie, L.N., Ngoh, M.L., N’Guessan, A.E., Ngugi, M.R., Ngute, A. S. K., Njila, E. N. N., Nyako, M.C., Ochuodho, T.O., Oleksyn, J., Paquette, A., Parfenova, E.I., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O. L., Piedade, M.T. F., Piotto, D., Pollastrini, M., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J. R., Poulsen, A.D., Pretzsch, H., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S.G., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Sagheb-Talebi, K., Saikia, P., Sainge, M.N., Salas-Eljatib, C., Salis, A., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Šebeň, V., Sellan, G., Selvi, F., Serra-Diaz, J.M., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Sist, P., Souza, A.F., Stereńczak, K.J., Sullivan, M. J. P., Sundarapandian, S., Svoboda, M., Swaine, M.D., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Trethowan, L.A., Tropek, R., Mukendi, J.T., Umunay, P.M., Usoltsev, V.A., Vaglio Laurin, G., Valentini, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Vega-Nieva, D.J., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A.C., Vieira, S.A., Vleminckx, J., Waite, C.E., Wang, H.-F., Wasingya, E.K., Wekesa, C., Westerlund, B., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhu, J., Zhu, X., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I.C., and Hui, C.
Published: 2022
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10. The number of tree species on Earth

Author: Cazzolla Gatti, R., Reich, P., Gamarra, J., Crowther, T., Hui, C., Morera, A., Bastin, J.-F., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Svenning, J.-C., Serra-Diaz, J., Merow, C., Enquist, B., Kamenetsky, M., Lee, J., Zhu, J., Fang, J., Jacobs, D., Pijanowski, B., Banerjee, A., Giaquinto, R., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarez-Davila, E., Araujo-Murakami, A., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Balazy, R., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Bogaert, J., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brearley, F., Broadbent, E., Bussotti, F., Castro da Silva, W., César, R., Češljar, G., Chama Moscoso, V., Chen, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Coomes, D., Dayanandan, S., Decuyper, M., Dee, L., Del Aguila Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Djuikouo, M., Van Do, T., Dolezal, J., Đorđević, I., Engel, J., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Fridman, J., Harris, D., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Herault, B., Herold, M., Ibanez, T., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Jeffery, K., Johannsen, V., Jucker, T., Kangur, A., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Khare, P., Kileen, T., Kim, H., Korjus, H., Kumar, A., Laarmann, D., Labrière, N., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marshall, A., Martynenko, O., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pallqui Camacho, N., Paquette, A., Park, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Petronelli, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piotto, D., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rojas Gonzáles, R., Rolim, S., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Šebeň, V., Silveira, M., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svoboda, M., Taedoumg, H., Tchebakova, N., Terborgh, J., Tikhonova, E., Torres-Lezama, A., van der Plas, F., Vásquez, R., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vilanova, E., Vos, V., Wang, H.-F., Westerlund, B., White, L., Wiser, S., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zemagho, L., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., Liang, J., Cazzolla Gatti, R., Reich, P., Gamarra, J., Crowther, T., Hui, C., Morera, A., Bastin, J.-F., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Svenning, J.-C., Serra-Diaz, J., Merow, C., Enquist, B., Kamenetsky, M., Lee, J., Zhu, J., Fang, J., Jacobs, D., Pijanowski, B., Banerjee, A., Giaquinto, R., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarez-Davila, E., Araujo-Murakami, A., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Balazy, R., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Bogaert, J., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brearley, F., Broadbent, E., Bussotti, F., Castro da Silva, W., César, R., Češljar, G., Chama Moscoso, V., Chen, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Coomes, D., Dayanandan, S., Decuyper, M., Dee, L., Del Aguila Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Djuikouo, M., Van Do, T., Dolezal, J., Đorđević, I., Engel, J., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Fridman, J., Harris, D., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Herault, B., Herold, M., Ibanez, T., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Jeffery, K., Johannsen, V., Jucker, T., Kangur, A., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Khare, P., Kileen, T., Kim, H., Korjus, H., Kumar, A., Laarmann, D., Labrière, N., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marshall, A., Martynenko, O., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pallqui Camacho, N., Paquette, A., Park, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Petronelli, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piotto, D., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rojas Gonzáles, R., Rolim, S., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Šebeň, V., Silveira, M., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svoboda, M., Taedoumg, H., Tchebakova, N., Terborgh, J., Tikhonova, E., Torres-Lezama, A., van der Plas, F., Vásquez, R., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vilanova, E., Vos, V., Wang, H.-F., Westerlund, B., White, L., Wiser, S., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zemagho, L., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., and Liang, J.
Abstract: One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness.
Published: 2022

11. Author Correction: Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses

Author: Steidinger, B., Crowther, T., Liang, J., Van Nuland, M., Werner, G., Reich, P., Nabuurs, G., de-Miguel, S., Zhou, M., Picard, N., Herault, B., Zhao, X., Zhang, C., Routh, D., Peay, K., Abegg, M., Adou~Yao, C., Alberti, G., Almeyda~Zambrano, A., Alvarez-Davila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Ba?azy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla~Gatti, R., Cesar, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Condit, R., Coomes, D., Cornejo~Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Huber, M., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., K{ö}hl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Monteagudo~Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez~Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M., Schepaschenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Sch{ö}ngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Salas-Eljatib, C., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stere?czak, K., Svenning, J., Svoboda, M., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., Vasquez~Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H., Watson, J., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila-Niedzwiecki, T., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Biogeography, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, 02 engineering and technology, Forest and Nature Conservation Policy, 03 medical and health sciences, Laboratorium voor Plantenveredeling, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Decomposition (computer science), Bos- en Natuurbeleid, Life Science, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, Vegetatie, Vegetation, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Published Erratum, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Tree (data structure), Plant Breeding, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Biometris, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, 0210 nano-technology, Citation
Abstract: In this Letter, the middle initial of author G. J. Nabuurs was omitted, and he should have been associated with an additional affiliation: ‘Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands’ (now added as affiliation 182). In addition, the following two statements have been added to the Supplementary Acknowledgements. (1): ‘We would particularly like to thank The French NFI for the work of the many field teams and engineers, who have made extraordinary efforts to make forest inventory data publicly available.’ (1): ‘Sergio de Miguel benefited from a Serra- Húnter Fellowship provided by the Generalitat of Catalonia.’ Finally, the second sentence of the Methods section should have cited the French NFI, which provided a national forestry database used in our analysis, to read as follows: ‘The GFBi database consists of individual-based data that we compiled from all the regional and national GFBi forest-inventory datasets, including the French NFI (IGN—French National Forest Inventory, raw data, annual campaigns 2005 and following, https://inventaire-forestier.ign.fr/spip.php?rubrique159, site accessed on 01 January 2015)’. All of these errors have been corrected online.
Published: 2019
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12. Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses

Author: Steidinger, B. S., Crowther, T. W., Liang, J., Van Nuland, M. E., Werner, G. D. A., Reich, P. B., Nabuurs, G., de-Miguel, S., Zhou, M., Picard, N., Herault, B., Karminov, V., Sist, P., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Steege, H., Johannsen, V., Iêda, A., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Thomas, R., Bastin, J. -F., Ibanez, T., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Dayanandan, S., Imai, N., Derroire, G., Usoltsev, V. A., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Dourdain, A., Van Do, T., Abegg, M., Enquist, B., Vasquez Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Joly, C. A., Viana, H., Alves, L. F., Jagodzinski, A. M., Vieira, S., Ngugi, M., de Gasper, A. L., Keppel, G., Obiang, N. L. E., Neldner, V., von Gadow, K., Wang, H. -F., Watson, J., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Khan, M. L., Kraxner, F., Jucker, T., Zagt, R., Birigazzi, L., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Baker, T., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Kartawinata, K., Niklaus, P., Kennard, D., Laarmann, D., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Kim, H. S., Silveira, M., Köhl, M., Brancalion, P. H. S., Brandl, S., Brearley, F. Q., Brienen, R., Lang, M., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Oleksyn, J., Bussotti, F., Searle, E., Nevenic, R., Kearsley, E., Schmid, B., Kitayama, K., Cazzolla Gatti, R., Zhang, C., Cesar, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H. Y. H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Park, M., Ontikov, P., Clark, C. J., Eyre, T., Sonké, B., Clark, D., Sheil, D., DeVries, B., Fandohan, A. B., Fayle, T. M., Feldpausch, T. R., Seben, V., Parren, M., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Finér, L., Lewis, S., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Pan, Y., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J. G. P., Parthasarathy, N., Gianelle, D., Pfautsch, S., Glick, H. B., Harris, D., Serra-Diaz, J. M., Hector, A., Zhao, X., Schöngart, J., Hemp, A., Zhu, Z. -X., Paquette, A., Peri, P. L., Zawila-Niedzwiecki, T., Hengeveld, G., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio, Coronado, E. N., Huber, M., Hui, C., Slik, F., Salas-Eljatib, C., Cho, H., Lu, H., Araujo-Murakami, A., Korjus, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Shvidenko, A., Zo-Bi, I. C., Singh, J., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B. S., Souza, A. F., Decuyper, M., Svenning, J. -C., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Marshall, A. R., Martin, E., Routh, D., Martynenko, O., Meave, J. A., Melo-Cruz, O., Coomes, D., Silva-Espejo, J., Ammer, C., Colletta, G., Stereńczak, K., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S. A., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M. G., Antón-Fernández, C., Bałazy, R., Peay, K. G., Phillips, O., Neill, D., Cumming, J., Parfenova, E., Piedade, M. T., Piotto, D., Adou Yao, C. Y., Cornejo Valverde, F., Alvarez-Davila, E., Banki, O., Pitman, N. C. A., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Arroyo, L., Kenfack, D., Aymard, G., Poulsen, A. D., Poulsen, J. R., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Barroso, J., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Corral-Rivas, J. J., Rolim, S., Jaroszewicz, B., Condit, R., Alberti, G., Jung, I., Avitabile, V., Roopsind, A., Bastian, M., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M. -J., Djordjevic, I., Crim, P., Schepaschenko, D., Svoboda, M., Killeen, T., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Steidinger, B. S., Crowther, T. W., Liang, J., Van Nuland, M. E., Werner, G. D. A., Reich, P. B., Nabuurs, G., de-Miguel, S., Zhou, M., Picard, N., Herault, B., Karminov, V., Sist, P., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Steege, H., Johannsen, V., Iêda, A., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Thomas, R., Bastin, J. -F., Ibanez, T., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Dayanandan, S., Imai, N., Derroire, G., Usoltsev, V. A., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Dourdain, A., Van Do, T., Abegg, M., Enquist, B., Vasquez Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Joly, C. A., Viana, H., Alves, L. F., Jagodzinski, A. M., Vieira, S., Ngugi, M., de Gasper, A. L., Keppel, G., Obiang, N. L. E., Neldner, V., von Gadow, K., Wang, H. -F., Watson, J., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Khan, M. L., Kraxner, F., Jucker, T., Zagt, R., Birigazzi, L., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Baker, T., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Kartawinata, K., Niklaus, P., Kennard, D., Laarmann, D., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Kim, H. S., Silveira, M., Köhl, M., Brancalion, P. H. S., Brandl, S., Brearley, F. Q., Brienen, R., Lang, M., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Oleksyn, J., Bussotti, F., Searle, E., Nevenic, R., Kearsley, E., Schmid, B., Kitayama, K., Cazzolla Gatti, R., Zhang, C., Cesar, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H. Y. H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Park, M., Ontikov, P., Clark, C. J., Eyre, T., Sonké, B., Clark, D., Sheil, D., DeVries, B., Fandohan, A. B., Fayle, T. M., Feldpausch, T. R., Seben, V., Parren, M., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Finér, L., Lewis, S., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Pan, Y., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J. G. P., Parthasarathy, N., Gianelle, D., Pfautsch, S., Glick, H. B., Harris, D., Serra-Diaz, J. M., Hector, A., Zhao, X., Schöngart, J., Hemp, A., Zhu, Z. -X., Paquette, A., Peri, P. L., Zawila-Niedzwiecki, T., Hengeveld, G., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio, Coronado, E. N., Huber, M., Hui, C., Slik, F., Salas-Eljatib, C., Cho, H., Lu, H., Araujo-Murakami, A., Korjus, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Shvidenko, A., Zo-Bi, I. C., Singh, J., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B. S., Souza, A. F., Decuyper, M., Svenning, J. -C., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Marshall, A. R., Martin, E., Routh, D., Martynenko, O., Meave, J. A., Melo-Cruz, O., Coomes, D., Silva-Espejo, J., Ammer, C., Colletta, G., Stereńczak, K., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S. A., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M. G., Antón-Fernández, C., Bałazy, R., Peay, K. G., Phillips, O., Neill, D., Cumming, J., Parfenova, E., Piedade, M. T., Piotto, D., Adou Yao, C. Y., Cornejo Valverde, F., Alvarez-Davila, E., Banki, O., Pitman, N. C. A., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Arroyo, L., Kenfack, D., Aymard, G., Poulsen, A. D., Poulsen, J. R., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Barroso, J., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Corral-Rivas, J. J., Rolim, S., Jaroszewicz, B., Condit, R., Alberti, G., Jung, I., Avitabile, V., Roopsind, A., Bastian, M., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M. -J., Djordjevic, I., Crim, P., Schepaschenko, D., Svoboda, M., Killeen, T., and Scherer-Lorenzen, M.
Abstract: The identity of the dominant root-associated microbial symbionts in a forest determines the ability of trees to access limiting nutrients from atmospheric or soil pools 1,2 , sequester carbon 3,4 and withstand the effects of climate change 5,6 . Characterizing the global distribution of these symbioses and identifying the factors that control this distribution are thus integral to understanding the present and future functioning of forest ecosystems. Here we generate a spatially explicit global map of the symbiotic status of forests, using a database of over 1.1 million forest inventory plots that collectively contain over 28,000 tree species. Our analyses indicate that climate variables—in particular, climatically controlled variation in the rate of decomposition—are the primary drivers of the global distribution of major symbioses. We estimate that ectomycorrhizal trees, which represent only 2% of all plant species 7 , constitute approximately 60% of tree stems on Earth. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis dominates forests in which seasonally cold and dry climates inhibit decomposition, and is the predominant form of symbiosis at high latitudes and elevation. By contrast, arbuscular mycorrhizal trees dominate in aseasonal, warm tropical forests, and occur with ectomycorrhizal trees in temperate biomes in which seasonally warm-and-wet climates enhance decomposition. Continental transitions between forests dominated by ectomycorrhizal or arbuscular mycorrhizal trees occur relatively abruptly along climate-driven decomposition gradients; these transitions are probably caused by positive feedback effects between plants and microorganisms. Symbiotic nitrogen fixers—which are insensitive to climatic controls on decomposition (compared with mycorrhizal fungi)—are most abundant in arid biomes with alkaline soils and high maximum temperatures. The climatically driven global symbiosis gradient that we document provides a spatially explicit quantitative understanding of microbial sym, 33Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA. 34Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Mbarara University of Sciences and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda. 35Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 36Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control (MANSiD), Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. 37Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil. 38Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Freising, Germany. 39Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK. 40Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany. 41German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. 42Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest (DAGRI), University of Firenze, Florence, Italy. 43Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia. 44Department of Spatial Regulation, GIS and Forest Policy, Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia. 45Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. 46Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia. 47Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. 48Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China. 49Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland. 50IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Jilove u Prahy, Czech Republic. 51Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic. 52Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. 53Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St Loui
Published: 2019

13. The number of tree species on Earth

Author: Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Peter B. Reich, Javier G. P. Gamarra, Tom Crowther, Cang Hui, Albert Morera, Jean-Francois Bastin, Sergio de-Miguel, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Jens-Christian Svenning, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Cory Merow, Brian Enquist, Maria Kamenetsky, Junho Lee, Jun Zhu, Jinyun Fang, Douglass F. Jacobs, Bryan Pijanowski, Arindam Banerjee, Robert A. Giaquinto, Giorgio Alberti, Angelica Maria Almeyda Zambrano, Esteban Alvarez-Davila, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Valerio Avitabile, Gerardo A. Aymard, Radomir Balazy, Chris Baraloto, Jorcely G. Barroso, Meredith L. Bastian, Philippe Birnbaum, Robert Bitariho, Jan Bogaert, Frans Bongers, Olivier Bouriaud, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Francis Q. Brearley, Eben North Broadbent, Filippo Bussotti, Wendeson Castro da Silva, Ricardo Gomes César, Goran Češljar, Víctor Chama Moscoso, Han Y. H. Chen, Emil Cienciala, Connie J. Clark, David A. Coomes, Selvadurai Dayanandan, Mathieu Decuyper, Laura E. Dee, Jhon Del Aguila Pasquel, Géraldine Derroire, Marie Noel Kamdem Djuikouo, Tran Van Do, Jiri Dolezal, Ilija Đ. Đorđević, Julien Engel, Tom M. Fayle, Ted R. Feldpausch, Jonas K. Fridman, David J. Harris, Andreas Hemp, Geerten Hengeveld, Bruno Herault, Martin Herold, Thomas Ibanez, Andrzej M. Jagodzinski, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Vivian Kvist Johannsen, Tommaso Jucker, Ahto Kangur, Victor N. Karminov, Kuswata Kartawinata, Deborah K. Kennard, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Gunnar Keppel, Mohammed Latif Khan, Pramod Kumar Khare, Timothy J. Kileen, Hyun Seok Kim, Henn Korjus, Amit Kumar, Ashwani Kumar, Diana Laarmann, Nicolas Labrière, Mait Lang, Simon L. Lewis, Natalia Lukina, Brian S. Maitner, Yadvinder Malhi, Andrew R. Marshall, Olga V. Martynenko, Abel L. Monteagudo Mendoza, Petr V. Ontikov, Edgar Ortiz-Malavasi, Nadir C. Pallqui Camacho, Alain Paquette, Minjee Park, Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy, Pablo Luis Peri, Pascal Petronelli, Sebastian Pfautsch, Oliver L. Phillips, Nicolas Picard, Daniel Piotto, Lourens Poorter, John R. Poulsen, Hans Pretzsch, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Mirco Rodeghiero, Rocío Del Pilar Rojas Gonzáles, Samir G. Rolim, Francesco Rovero, Ervan Rutishauser, Purabi Saikia, Christian Salas-Eljatib, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Vladimír Šebeň, Marcos Silveira, Ferry Slik, Bonaventure Sonké, Alexandre F. Souza, Krzysztof Jan Stereńczak, Miroslav Svoboda, Hermann Taedoumg, Nadja Tchebakova, John Terborgh, Elena Tikhonova, Armando Torres-Lezama, Fons van der Plas, Rodolfo Vásquez, Helder Viana, Alexander C. Vibrans, Emilio Vilanova, Vincent A. Vos, Hua-Feng Wang, Bertil Westerlund, Lee J. T. White, Susan K. Wiser, Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Lise Zemagho, Zhi-Xin Zhu, Irié C. Zo-Bi, Jingjing Liang, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, Reich, Peter B, Gamarra, Javier GP, Crowther, Tom, Keppel, Gunnar, Liang, Jingjing, Cazzolla Gatti R., Reich P.B., Gamarra J.G.P., Crowther T., Hui C., Morera A., Bastin J.-F., de-Miguel S., Nabuurs G.-J., Svenning J.-C., Serra-Diaz J.M., Merow C., Enquist B., Kamenetsky M., Lee J., Zhu J., Fang J., Jacobs D.F., Pijanowski B., Banerjee A., Giaquinto R.A., Alberti G., Almeyda Zambrano A.M., Alvarez-Davila E., Araujo-Murakami A., Avitabile V., Aymard G.A., Balazy R., Baraloto C., Barroso J.G., Bastian M.L., Birnbaum P., Bitariho R., Bogaert J., Bongers F., Bouriaud O., Brancalion P.H.S., Brearley F.Q., Broadbent E.N., Bussotti F., Castro da Silva W., Cesar R.G., Cesljar G., Chama Moscoso V., Chen H.Y.H., Cienciala E., Clark C.J., Coomes D.A., Dayanandan S., Decuyper M., Dee L.E., Del Aguila Pasquel J., Derroire G., Djuikouo M.N.K., Van Do T., Dolezal J., Dordevic I.D., Engel J., Fayle T.M., Feldpausch T.R., Fridman J.K., Harris D.J., Hemp A., Hengeveld G., Herault B., Herold M., Ibanez T., Jagodzinski A.M., Jaroszewicz B., Jeffery K.J., Johannsen V.K., Jucker T., Kangur A., Karminov V.N., Kartawinata K., Kennard D.K., Kepfer-Rojas S., Keppel G., Khan M.L., Khare P.K., Kileen T.J., Kim H.S., Korjus H., Kumar A., Laarmann D., Labriere N., Lang M., Lewis S.L., Lukina N., Maitner B.S., Malhi Y., Marshall A.R., Martynenko O.V., Monteagudo Mendoza A.L., Ontikov P.V., Ortiz-Malavasi E., Pallqui Camacho N.C., Paquette A., Park M., Parthasarathy N., Peri P.L., Petronelli P., Pfautsch S., Phillips O.L., Picard N., Piotto D., Poorter L., Poulsen J.R., Pretzsch H., Ramirez-Angulo H., Restrepo Correa Z., Rodeghiero M., Rojas Gonzales R.D.P., Rolim S.G., Rovero F., Rutishauser E., Saikia P., Salas-Eljatib C., Schepaschenko D., Scherer-Lorenzen M., Seben V., Silveira M., Slik F., Sonke B., Souza A.F., Sterenczak K.J., Svoboda M., Taedoumg H., Tchebakova N., Terborgh J., Tikhonova E., Torres-Lezama A., van der Plas F., Vasquez R., Viana H., Vibrans A.C., Vilanova E., Vos V.A., Wang H.-F., Westerlund B., White L.J.T., Wiser S.K., Zawila-Niedzwiecki T., Zemagho L., Zhu Z.-X., Zo-Bi I.C., Liang J., Purdue University [West Lafayette], University of Wisconsin-Madison, FAO Forestry, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto [0000-0001-5130-8492], Reich, Peter B [0000-0003-4424-662X], Hui, Cang [0000-0002-3660-8160], Morera, Albert [0000-0002-6777-169X], de-Miguel, Sergio [0000-0002-9738-0657], Svenning, Jens-Christian [0000-0002-3415-0862], Serra-Diaz, Josep M [0000-0003-1988-1154], Alberti, Giorgio [0000-0003-2422-3009], Bongers, Frans [0000-0002-8431-6189], Bouriaud, Olivier [0000-0002-8046-466X], Brancalion, Pedro HS [0000-0001-8245-4062], César, Ricardo Gomes [0000-0002-3392-8089], Chen, Han YH [0000-0001-9477-5541], Cienciala, Emil [0000-0002-1254-4254], Coomes, David [0000-0002-8261-2582], Djuikouo, Marie Noel Kamdem [0000-0003-0064-5151], Van Do, Tran [0000-0001-9059-5842], Feldpausch, Ted R [0000-0002-6631-7962], Jaroszewicz, Bogdan [0000-0002-2042-8245], Jeffery, Kathryn J [0000-0002-2632-0008], Kennard, Deborah K [0000-0003-4842-8260], Kim, Hyun Seok [0000-0002-3440-6071], Labrière, Nicolas [0000-0002-8037-2001], Maitner, Brian S [0000-0002-2118-9880], Malhi, Yadvinder [0000-0002-3503-4783], Peri, Pablo Luis [0000-0002-5398-4408], Phillips, Oliver L [0000-0002-8993-6168], Poorter, Lourens [0000-0003-1391-4875], Poulsen, John R [0000-0002-1532-9808], Salas-Eljatib, Christian [0000-0002-8468-0829], Schepaschenko, Dmitry [0000-0002-7814-4990], Silveira, Marcos [0000-0003-0485-7872], Slik, Ferry [0000-0003-3988-7019], Sonké, Bonaventure [0000-0002-4310-3603], Terborgh, John [0000-0003-1853-8311], Wiser, Susan K [0000-0002-8938-8181], Liang, Jingjing [0000-0001-9439-9320], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Coomes, David A [0000-0002-8261-2582]
Subjects: Cambios Antropogénicos, Richness, SAMPLE, Earth, Planet, Rarity, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, DIVERSITY, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Trees, forest, Bioma, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Biome, espèce (taxon), HETEROGENEITY, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Forest Biodiversity, hyperdominance, Riqueza de Especies, Ecosystem Services, biodiversity, forests, hyperdominance, rarity, richness, biodiversity, Multidisciplinary, Hyperdominance, Overall Scale, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, Biodiversity, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Écologie des populations, PE&RC, COVERAGE, Boscos i silvicultura, Biometris, Forest Ecosystems, ABUNDANCE, Anthropogenic Changes, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversité, леса, Conservation of Natural Resources, F40 - Écologie végétale, Servicios de los Ecosistemas, Vulnerability, ECOLOGIA DE POPULAÇÕES, Arbre, ECOLOGY, Biodiversidad, forests, rarity, richness, Ecosistemas Forestales, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, COMPLETENESS, Árboles, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Richness Species, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, K70 - Dégâts causés aux forêts et leur protection, Biodiversidad Forestal, Escala Global, Vegetatie, деревья, Vegetation, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, biodiversité forestière, биоразнообразие, PATTERNS, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Vulnerabilidad
Abstract: One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119 (6), ISSN:0027-8424, ISSN:1091-6490
Published: 2022
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14. Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients

Author: Jingjing Liang, Javier G. P. Gamarra, Nicolas Picard, Mo Zhou, Bryan Pijanowski, Douglass F. Jacobs, Peter B. Reich, Thomas W. Crowther, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Sergio de-Miguel, Jingyun Fang, Christopher W. Woodall, Jens-Christian Svenning, Tommaso Jucker, Jean-Francois Bastin, Susan K. Wiser, Ferry Slik, Bruno Hérault, Giorgio Alberti, Gunnar Keppel, Geerten M. Hengeveld, Pierre L. Ibisch, Carlos A. Silva, Hans ter Steege, Pablo L. Peri, David A. Coomes, Eric B. Searle, Klaus von Gadow, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Akane O. Abbasi, Meinrad Abegg, Yves C. Adou Yao, Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano, Jan Altman, Esteban Alvarez-Dávila, Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González, Luciana F. Alves, Bienvenu H. K. Amani, Christian A. Amani, Christian Ammer, Bhely Angoboy Ilondea, Clara Antón-Fernández, Valerio Avitabile, Gerardo A. Aymard, Akomian F. Azihou, Johan A. Baard, Timothy R. Baker, Radomir Balazy, Meredith L. Bastian, Rodrigue Batumike, Marijn Bauters, Hans Beeckman, Nithanel Mikael Hendrik Benu, Robert Bitariho, Pascal Boeckx, Jan Bogaert, Frans Bongers, Olivier Bouriaud, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Susanne Brandl, Francis Q. Brearley, Jaime Briseno-Reyes, Eben N. Broadbent, Helge Bruelheide, Erwin Bulte, Ann Christine Catlin, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Ricardo G. César, Han Y. H. Chen, Chelsea Chisholm, Emil Cienciala, Gabriel D. Colletta, José Javier Corral-Rivas, Anibal Cuchietti, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Javid A. Dar, Selvadurai Dayanandan, Thales de Haulleville, Mathieu Decuyper, Sylvain Delabye, Géraldine Derroire, Ben DeVries, John Diisi, Tran Van Do, Jiri Dolezal, Aurélie Dourdain, Graham P. Durrheim, Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Teresa J. Eyre, Tom M. Fayle, Lethicia Flavine N. Feunang, Leena Finér, Markus Fischer, Jonas Fridman, Lorenzo Frizzera, André L. de Gasper, Damiano Gianelle, Henry B. Glick, Maria Socorro Gonzalez-Elizondo, Lev Gorenstein, Richard Habonayo, Olivier J. Hardy, David J. Harris, Andrew Hector, Andreas Hemp, Martin Herold, Annika Hillers, Wannes Hubau, Thomas Ibanez, Nobuo Imai, Gerard Imani, Andrzej M. Jagodzinski, Stepan Janecek, Vivian Kvist Johannsen, Carlos A. Joly, Blaise Jumbam, Banoho L. P. R. Kabelong, Goytom Abraha Kahsay, Viktor Karminov, Kuswata Kartawinata, Justin N. Kassi, Elizabeth Kearsley, Deborah K. Kennard, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Mohammed Latif Khan, John N. Kigomo, Hyun Seok Kim, Carine Klauberg, Yannick Klomberg, Henn Korjus, Subashree Kothandaraman, Florian Kraxner, Amit Kumar, Relawan Kuswandi, Mait Lang, Michael J. Lawes, Rodrigo V. Leite, Geoffrey Lentner, Simon L. Lewis, Moses B. Libalah, Janvier Lisingo, Pablito Marcelo López-Serrano, Huicui Lu, Natalia V. Lukina, Anne Mette Lykke, Vincent Maicher, Brian S. Maitner, Eric Marcon, Andrew R. Marshall, Emanuel H. Martin, Olga Martynenko, Faustin M. Mbayu, Musingo T. E. Mbuvi, Jorge A. Meave, Cory Merow, Stanislaw Miscicki, Vanessa S. Moreno, Albert Morera, Sharif A. Mukul, Jörg C. Müller, Agustinus Murdjoko, Maria Guadalupe Nava-Miranda, Litonga Elias Ndive, Victor J. Neldner, Radovan V. Nevenic, Louis N. Nforbelie, Michael L. Ngoh, Anny E. N’Guessan, Michael R. Ngugi, Alain S. K. Ngute, Emile Narcisse N. Njila, Melanie C. Nyako, Thomas O. Ochuodho, Jacek Oleksyn, Alain Paquette, Elena I. Parfenova, Minjee Park, Marc Parren, Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy, Sebastian Pfautsch, Oliver L. Phillips, Maria T. F. Piedade, Daniel Piotto, Martina Pollastrini, Lourens Poorter, John R. Poulsen, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Hans Pretzsch, Mirco Rodeghiero, Samir G. Rolim, Francesco Rovero, Ervan Rutishauser, Khosro Sagheb-Talebi, Purabi Saikia, Moses Nsanyi Sainge, Christian Salas-Eljatib, Antonello Salis, Peter Schall, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Bernhard Schmid, Jochen Schöngart, Vladimír Šebeň, Giacomo Sellan, Federico Selvi, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Douglas Sheil, Anatoly Z. Shvidenko, Plinio Sist, Alexandre F. Souza, Krzysztof J. Stereńczak, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Somaiah Sundarapandian, Miroslav Svoboda, Mike D. Swaine, Natalia Targhetta, Nadja Tchebakova, Liam A. Trethowan, Robert Tropek, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Peter Mbanda Umunay, Vladimir A. Usoltsev, Gaia Vaglio Laurin, Riccardo Valentini, Fernando Valladares, Fons van der Plas, Daniel José Vega-Nieva, Hans Verbeeck, Helder Viana, Alexander C. Vibrans, Simone A. Vieira, Jason Vleminckx, Catherine E. Waite, Hua-Feng Wang, Eric Katembo Wasingya, Chemuku Wekesa, Bertil Westerlund, Florian Wittmann, Verginia Wortel, Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Chunyu Zhang, Xiuhai Zhao, Jun Zhu, Xiao Zhu, Zhi-Xin Zhu, Irie C. Zo-Bi, Cang Hui, Liang, Jingjing, Gamarra, Javier GP, Picard, Nicolas, Zhou, Mo, Keppel, Gunnar, Hui, Cang, Liang J., Gamarra J.G.P., Picard N., Zhou M., Pijanowski B., Jacobs D.F., Reich P.B., Crowther T.W., Nabuurs G.-J., de-Miguel S., Fang J., Woodall C.W., Svenning J.-C., Jucker T., Bastin J.-F., Wiser S.K., Slik F., Herault B., Alberti G., Keppel G., Hengeveld G.M., Ibisch P.L., Silva C.A., ter Steege H., Peri P.L., Coomes D.A., Searle E.B., von Gadow K., Jaroszewicz B., Abbasi A.O., Abegg M., Yao Y.C.A., Aguirre-Gutierrez J., Zambrano A.M.A., Altman J., Alvarez-Davila E., Alvarez-Gonzalez J.G., Alves L.F., Amani B.H.K., Amani C.A., Ammer C., Ilondea B.A., Anton-Fernandez C., Avitabile V., Aymard G.A., Azihou A.F., Baard J.A., Baker T.R., Balazy R., Bastian M.L., Batumike R., Bauters M., Beeckman H., Benu N.M.H., Bitariho R., Boeckx P., Bogaert J., Bongers F., Bouriaud O., Brancalion P.H.S., Brandl S., Brearley F.Q., Briseno-Reyes J., Broadbent E.N., Bruelheide H., Bulte E., Catlin A.C., Cazzolla Gatti R., Cesar R.G., Chen H.Y.H., Chisholm C., Cienciala E., Colletta G.D., Corral-Rivas J.J., Cuchietti A., Cuni-Sanchez A., Dar J.A., Dayanandan S., de Haulleville T., Decuyper M., Delabye S., Derroire G., DeVries B., Diisi J., Do T.V., Dolezal J., Dourdain A., Durrheim G.P., Obiang N.L.E., Ewango C.E.N., Eyre T.J., Fayle T.M., Feunang L.F.N., Finer L., Fischer M., Fridman J., Frizzera L., de Gasper A.L., Gianelle D., Glick H.B., Gonzalez-Elizondo M.S., Gorenstein L., Habonayo R., Hardy O.J., Harris D.J., Hector A., Hemp A., Herold M., Hillers A., Hubau W., Ibanez T., Imai N., Imani G., Jagodzinski A.M., Janecek S., Johannsen V.K., Joly C.A., Jumbam B., Kabelong B.L.P.R., Kahsay G.A., Karminov V., Kartawinata K., Kassi J.N., Kearsley E., Kennard D.K., Kepfer-Rojas S., Khan M.L., Kigomo J.N., Kim H.S., Klauberg C., Klomberg Y., Korjus H., Kothandaraman S., Kraxner F., Kumar A., Kuswandi R., Lang M., Lawes M.J., Leite R.V., Lentner G., Lewis S.L., Libalah M.B., Lisingo J., Lopez-Serrano P.M., Lu H., Lukina N.V., Lykke A.M., Maicher V., Maitner B.S., Marcon E., Marshall A.R., Martin E.H., Martynenko O., Mbayu F.M., Mbuvi M.T.E., Meave J.A., Merow C., Miscicki S., Moreno V.S., Morera A., Mukul S.A., Muller J.C., Murdjoko A., Nava-Miranda M.G., Ndive L.E., Neldner V.J., Nevenic R.V., Nforbelie L.N., Ngoh M.L., N'Guessan A.E., Ngugi M.R., Ngute A.S.K., Njila E.N.N., Nyako M.C., Ochuodho T.O., Oleksyn J., Paquette A., Parfenova E.I., Park M., Parren M., Parthasarathy N., Pfautsch S., Phillips O.L., Piedade M.T.F., Piotto D., Pollastrini M., Poorter L., Poulsen J.R., Poulsen A.D., Pretzsch H., Rodeghiero M., Rolim S.G., Rovero F., Rutishauser E., Sagheb-Talebi K., Saikia P., Sainge M.N., Salas-Eljatib C., Salis A., Schall P., Schepaschenko D., Scherer-Lorenzen M., Schmid B., Schongart J., Seben V., Sellan G., Selvi F., Serra-Diaz J.M., Sheil D., Shvidenko A.Z., Sist P., Souza A.F., Sterenczak K.J., Sullivan M.J.P., Sundarapandian S., Svoboda M., Swaine M.D., Targhetta N., Tchebakova N., Trethowan L.A., Tropek R., Mukendi J.T., Umunay P.M., Usoltsev V.A., Vaglio Laurin G., Valentini R., Valladares F., van der Plas F., Vega-Nieva D.J., Verbeeck H., Viana H., Vibrans A.C., Vieira S.A., Vleminckx J., Waite C.E., Wang H.-F., Wasingya E.K., Wekesa C., Westerlund B., Wittmann F., Wortel V., Zawila-Niedzwiecki T., Zhang C., Zhao X., Zhu J., Zhu X., Zhu Z.-X., Zo-Bi I.C., Hui C., Purdue University [West Lafayette], Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Groupement d'Interêt Public Ecosystèmes Forestiers GIP ECOFOR (GIP ECOFOR ), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, and Stellenbosch University
Subjects: Bos- en Landschapsecologie, WASS, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Co-limitation, Ontwikkelingseconomie, Forest and Nature Conservation Policy, Trees, Soil, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Development Economics, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Life Science, Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Biologie, Bos- en Natuurbeleid, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, BIOS Plant Development Systems, Vegetatie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biogeography, biodiversity, Vegetation, Ecology, Biodiversity, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Latitudinal gradients, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Bioclimatic dominance, Biogeography, LATITUDE, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Corporate Governance & Legal Services, Tree, Global LDG
Abstract: The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most recognized global patterns of species richness exhibited across a wide range of taxa. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past two centuries to explain LDG, but rigorous tests of the drivers of LDGs have been limited by a lack of high-quality global species richness data. Here we produce a high-resolution (0.025° × 0.025°) map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots. We then quantify drivers of local tree species richness patterns across latitudes. Generally, annual mean temperature was a dominant predictor of tree species richness, which is most consistent with the metabolic theory of biodiversity (MTB). However, MTB underestimated LDG in the tropics, where high species richness was also moderated by topographic, soil and anthropogenic factors operating at local scales. Given that local landscape variables operate synergistically with bioclimatic factors in shaping the global LDG pattern, we suggest that MTB be extended to account for co-limitation by subordinate drivers. The team collaboration and manuscript development are supported by the web-based team science platform: science-i.org, with the project number 202205GFB2. We thank the following initiatives, agencies, teams and individuals for data collection and other technical support: the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative (GFBI) for establishing the data standards and collaborative framework; United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program; University of Alaska Fairbanks; the SODEFOR, Ivory Coast; University Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB, Ivory Coast); the Queensland Herbarium and past Queensland Government Forestry and Natural Resource Management departments and staff for data collection for over seven decades; and the National Forestry Commission of Mexico (CONAFOR). We thank M. Baker (Carbon Tanzania), together with a team of field assistants (Valentine and Lawrence); all persons who made the Third Spanish Forest Inventory possible, especially the main coordinator, J. A. Villanueva (IFN3); the French National Forest Inventory (NFI campaigns (raw data 2005 and following annual surveys, were downloaded by GFBI at https://inventaire-forestier.ign.fr/spip.php?rubrique159; site accessed on 1 January 2015)); the Italian Forest Inventory (NFI campaigns raw data 2005 and following surveys were downloaded by GFBI at https://inventarioforestale.org/; site accessed on 27 April 2019); Swiss National Forest Inventory, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL and Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Switzerland; the Swedish NFI, Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU; the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa (89967 and 109244) and the South African Research Chair Initiative; the Danish National Forestry, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, UCPH; Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel of Brazil (CAPES, grant number 88881.064976/2014-01); R. Ávila and S. van Tuylen, Instituto Nacional de Bosques (INAB), Guatemala, for facilitating Guatemalan data; the National Focal Center for Forest condition monitoring of Serbia (NFC), Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia; the Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems (Germany) for providing National Forest Inventory data; the FAO and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) for undertaking the SAFE (Safe Access to Fuel and Energy) and CBIT-Forest projects; and the Amazon Forest Inventory Network (RAINFOR), the African Tropical Rainforest Observation Network (AfriTRON) and the ForestPlots.net initiative for their contributions from Amazonian and African forests. The Natural Forest plot data collected between January 2009 and March 2014 by the LUCAS programme for the New Zealand Ministry for the Environment are provided by the New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank https://nvs.landcareresearch.co.nz/. We thank the International Boreal Forest Research Association (IBFRA); the Forestry Corporation of New South Wales, Australia; the National Forest Directory of the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of the Argentine Republic (MAyDS) for the plot data of the Second National Forest Inventory (INBN2); the National Forestry Authority and Ministry of Water and Environment of Uganda for their National Biomass Survey (NBS) dataset; and the Sabah Biodiversity Council and the staff from Sabah Forest Research Centre. All TEAM data are provided by the Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network, a collaboration between Conservation International, the Missouri Botanical Garden, the Smithsonian Institution and the Wildlife Conservation Society, and partially funded by these institutions, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and other donors, with thanks to all current and previous TEAM site manager and other collaborators that helped collect data. We thank the people of the Redidoti, Pierrekondre and Cassipora village who were instrumental in assisting with the collection of data and sharing local knowledge of their forest and the dedicated members of the field crew of Kabo 2012 census. We are also thankful to FAPESC, SFB, FAO and IMA/SC for supporting the IFFSC. This research was supported in part through computational resources provided by Information Technology at Purdue, West Lafayette, Indiana.This work is supported in part by the NASA grant number 12000401 ‘Multi-sensor biodiversity framework developed from bioacoustic and space based sensor platforms’ (J. Liang, B.P.); the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture McIntire Stennis projects 1017711 (J. Liang) and 1016676 (M.Z.); the US National Science Foundation Biological Integration Institutes grant NSF‐DBI‐2021898 (P.B.R.); the funding by H2020 VERIFY (contract 776810) and H2020 Resonate (contract 101000574) (G.-J.N.); the TEAM project in Uganda supported by the Moore foundation and Buffett Foundation through Conservation International (CI) and Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS); the Danish Council for Independent Research | Natural Sciences (TREECHANGE, grant 6108- 00078B) and VILLUM FONDEN grant number 16549 (J.-C.S.); the Natural Environment Research Council of the UK (NERC) project NE/T011084/1 awarded to J.A.-G. and NE/S011811/1; ERC Advanced Grant 291585 (‘T-FORCES’) and a Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award (O.L.P.); RAINFOR plots supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the UK Natural Environment Research Council, notably NERC Consortium Grants ‘AMAZONICA’ (NE/F005806/1), ‘TROBIT’ (NE/D005590/1) and ‘BIO-RED’ (NE/N012542/1); CIFOR’s Global Comparative Study on REDD+ funded by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the European Union, the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety and the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (CRP-FTA) and donors to the CGIAR Fund; AfriTRON network plots funded by the local communities and NERC, ERC, European Union, Royal Society and Leverhume Trust; a grant from the Royal Society and the Natural Environment Research Council, UK (S.L.L.); National Science Foundation CIF21 DIBBs: EI: number 1724728 (A.C.C.); National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800374) and Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2019BC083) (H.L.). UK NERC Independent Research Fellowship (grant code: NE/S01537X/1) (T.J.); a Serra-Húnter Fellowship provided by the Government of Catalonia (Spain) (S.d.-M.); the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant 442640/2018-8, CNPq/Prevfogo-Ibama number 33/2018) (C.A.S.); a grant from the Franklinia Foundation (D.A.C.); Russian Science Foundation project number 19-77-300-12 (R.V.); the Takenaka Scholarship Foundation (A.O.A.); the German Research Foundation (DFG), grant number Am 149/16-4 (C.A.); the Romania National Council for Higher Education Funding, CNFIS, project number CNFIS-FDI-2022-0259 (O.B.); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2019-05109 and STPGP506284) and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (36014) (H.Y.H.C.); the project SustES—Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797) (E.C.); Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del estado de Durango (2019-01-155) (J.J.C.-R.); Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), New Delhi, Government of India (file number PDF/2015/000447)— ‘Assessing the carbon sequestration potential of different forest types in Central India in response to climate change’ (J.A.D.); Investissement d’avenir grant of the ANR (CEBA: ANR-10-LABEX-0025) (G.D.); National Foundation for Science & Technology Development of Vietnam, 106-NN.06-2013.01 (T.V.D.); Queensland government, Department of Environment and Science (T.J.E.); a Czech Science Foundation Standard grant (19-14620S) (T.M.F.); European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007– 2013) under grant agreement number 265171 (L. Finer, M. Pollastrini, F. Selvi); grants from the Swedish National Forest Inventory, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (J.F.); CNPq productivity grant number 311303/2020-0 (A.L.d.G.); DFG grant HE 2719/11-1,2,3; HE 2719/14-1 (A. Hemp); European Union’s Horizon Europe research project OpenEarthMonitor grant number 101059548, CGIAR Fund INIT-32-MItigation and Transformation Initiative for GHG reductions of Agrifood systems RelaTed Emissions (MITIGATE+) (M.H.); General Directorate of the State Forests, Poland (1/07; OR-2717/3/11; OR.271.3.3.2017) and the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (BIOSTRATEG1/267755/4/NCBR/2015) (A.M.J.); Czech Science Foundation 18-10781 S (S.J.); Danish of Ministry of Environment, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Forest Monitoring Program—NFI (V.K.J.); State of São Paulo Research Foundation/FAPESP as part of the BIOTA/FAPESP Program Project Functional Gradient-PELD/BIOTA-ECOFOR 2003/12595-7 & 2012/51872-5 (C.A.J.); Danish Council for Independent Research—social sciences—grant DFF 6109– 00296 (G.A.K.); Russian Science Foundation project 21-46-07002 for the plot data collected in the Krasnoyarsk region (V.K.); BOLFOR (D.K.K.); Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, Government of India (grant number BT/PR7928/ NDB/52/9/2006, dated 29 September 2006) (M.L.K.); grant from Kenya Coastal Development Project (KCDP), which was funded by World Bank (J.N.K.); Korea Forest Service (2018113A00-1820-BB01, 2013069A00-1819-AA03, and 2020185D10- 2022-AA02) and Seoul National University Big Data Institute through the Data Science Research Project 2016 (H.S.K.); the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant 442640/2018-8, CNPq/Prevfogo-Ibama number 33/2018) (C.K.); CSIR, New Delhi, government of India (grant number 38(1318)12/EMR-II, dated: 3 April 2012) (S.K.); Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, government of India (grant number BT/ PR12899/ NDB/39/506/2015 dated 20 June 2017) (A.K.); Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) #88887.463733/2019-00 (R.V.L.); National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800374) (H.L.); project of CEPF RAS ‘Methodological approaches to assessing the structural organization and functioning of forest ecosystems’ (AAAA-A18-118052590019-7) funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia (N.V.L.); Leverhulme Trust grant to Andrew Balmford, Simon Lewis and Jon Lovett (A.R.M.); Russian Science Foundation, project 19-77-30015 for European Russia data processing (O.M.); grant from Kenya Coastal Development Project (KCDP), which was funded by World Bank (M.T.E.M.); the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (BIOSTRATEG1/267755/4/NCBR/2015) (S.M.); the Secretariat for Universities and of the Ministry of Business and Knowledge of the Government of Catalonia and the European Social Fund (A. Morera); Queensland government, Department of Environment and Science (V.J.N.); Pinnacle Group Cameroon PLC (L.N.N.); Queensland government, Department of Environment and Science (M.R.N.); the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2018-05201) (A.P.); the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project number 20-05-00540 (E.I.P.); European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement number 778322 (H.P.); Science and Engineering Research Board, New Delhi, government of India (grant number YSS/2015/000479, dated 12 January 2016) (P.S.); the Chilean Government research grants Fondecyt number 1191816 and FONDEF number ID19 10421 (C.S.-E.); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Priority Program 1374 Biodiversity Exploratories (P.S.); European Space Agency projects IFBN (4000114425/15/NL/FF/gp) and CCI Biomass (4000123662/18/I-NB) (D. Schepaschenko); FunDivEUROPE, European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement number 265171 (M.S.-L.); APVV 20-0168 from the Slovak Research and Development Agency (V.S.); Manchester Metropolitan University’s Environmental Science Research Centre (G.S.); the project ‘LIFE+ ForBioSensing PL Comprehensive monitoring of stand dynamics in Białowieża Forest supported with remote sensing techniques’ which is co-funded by the EU Life Plus programme (contract number LIFE13 ENV/PL/000048) and the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management in Poland (contract number 485/2014/WN10/OP-NM-LF/D) (K.J.S.); Global Challenges Research Fund (QR allocation, MMU) (M.J.P.S.); Czech Science Foundation project 21-27454S (M.S.); the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project number 20-05-00540 (N. Tchebakova); Botanical Research Fund, Coalbourn Trust, Bentham Moxon Trust, Emily Holmes scholarship (L.A.T.); the programmes of the current scientific research of the Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (V.A.U.); FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology—Project UIDB/04033/2020. Inventário Florestal Nacional—ICNF (H. Viana); Grant from Kenya Coastal Development Project (KCDP), which was funded by World Bank (C.W.); grants from the Swedish National Forest Inventory, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (B.W.); ATTO project (grant number MCTI-FINEP 1759/10 and BMBF 01LB1001A, 01LK1602F) (F.W.); ReVaTene/ PReSeD-CI 2 is funded by the Education and Research Ministry of Côte d’Ivoire, as part of the Debt Reduction-Development Contracts (C2Ds) managed by IRD (I.C.Z.-B.); the National Research Foundation of South Africa (NRF, grant 89967) (C.H.). The Tropical Plant Exploration Group 70 1 ha plots in Continental Cameroon Mountains are supported by Rufford Small Grant Foundation, UK and 4 ha in Sierra Leone are supported by the Global Challenge Research Fund through Manchester Metropolitan University, UK; the National Geographic Explorer Grant, NGS-53344R-18 (A.C.-S.); University of KwaZulu-Natal Research Office grant (M.J.L.); Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Dirección General de Asuntos de Personal Académico, Grant PAPIIT IN-217620 (J.A.M.). Czech Science Foundation project 21-24186M (R.T., S. Delabye). Czech Science Foundation project 20-05840Y, the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (LTAUSA19137) and the long-term research development project of the Czech Academy of Sciences no. RVO 67985939 (J.A.). The American Society of Primatologists, the Duke University Graduate School, the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation, the National Science Foundation (grant number 0452995) and the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research (grant number 7330) (M.B.). Research grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazil) (309764/2019; 311303/2020) (A.C.V., A.L.G.). The Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (grant number CKJ-JYRC-2022-83) (H.-F.W.). The Ugandan NBS was supported with funds from the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), the Austrian Development Agency (ADC) and FAO. FAO’s UN-REDD Program, together with the project on ‘Native Forests and Community’ Loan BIRF number 8493-AR UNDP ARG/15/004 and the National Program for the Protection of Native Forests under UNDP funded Argentina’s INBN2.
Published: 2022
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15. Comparing statistical and deep learning approaches for simultaneous prediction of stand-level above- and belowground biomass in tropical forests.

Author: Huy B, Poudel KP, Temesgen H, Salas-Eljatib C, Truong NQ, and Khiem NQ
Subjects: Vietnam, Trees growth & development, Environmental Monitoring methods, Deep Learning, Biomass, Forests, Tropical Climate
Abstract: Accurate and cost-effective prediction of aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), and the total (ABGB) at stand-level within tropical forests is crucial for effective forest ecological management and the provision of forest ecosystem services. Although there has been research on simultaneously fitting biomass equations for tree components, rather few studies focus on simultaneously predicting AGB and BGB at stand-level while maintaining additivity. We developed innovative Deep Learning Additive Models (DLAMs) for the simultaneous predictions of stand-level AGB, BGB, and ABGB integrating forest stand, ecological, and environmental factors as predictive covariates and compared them with conventional weighted nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression (WNSUR) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). Data for this study were collected from 121 plots distributed in two tropical forest types (dipterocarp and evergreen broadleaf) across five ecological regions of Vietnam, capturing three response variables (AGB, BGB, and ABGB), and 12 predictors. Factor analysis for mixed data was employed to identify the optimal covariates. Cross-validation results demonstrated that DLAMs substantially enhanced the reliability of simultaneous predictions of forest biomass components compared to the conventional WNSUR and MARS methods. The optimal DLAMs included seven predictive covariates (stand basal area (G), stand volume (V), mean annual temperature (T), elevation (EL), forest type (FT), average height (Hg), and soil group (SG)). They had mean absolute percent errors (MAPEs) of 6.3 %, 4.3 %, and 5.3 % for the simultaneous prediction of AGB, BGB, and ABGB, respectively. The MAPEs for the DLAMs approach were substantially lower than those for the WNSUR alternative by 2.9 %, 14.0 %, and 2.4 %, and lower than those for the MARS method by 4.3 %, 11.6 %, and 4.1 % for predicting AGB, BGB, and ABGB simultaneously, respectively. Conducting experiments in designing multi-input multi-output deep neural networks was essential for significantly improving the reliability of the simultaneous predictions from the DLAMs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2025
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16. The global distribution and drivers of wood density and their impact on forest carbon stocks.

Author: Mo L, Crowther TW, Maynard DS, van den Hoogen J, Ma H, Bialic-Murphy L, Liang J, de-Miguel S, Nabuurs GJ, Reich PB, Phillips OL, Abegg M, Adou Yao YC, Alberti G, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Alvarado BV, Alvarez-Dávila E, Alvarez-Loayza P, Alves LF, Amaral I, Ammer C, Antón-Fernández C, Araujo-Murakami A, Arroyo L, Avitabile V, Aymard GA, Baker TR, Bałazy R, Banki O, Barroso JG, Bastian ML, Bastin JF, Birigazzi L, Birnbaum P, Bitariho R, Boeckx P, Bongers F, Boonman CCF, Bouriaud O, Brancalion PHS, Brandl S, Brearley FQ, Brienen R, Broadbent EN, Bruelheide H, Bussotti F, Gatti RC, César RG, Cesljar G, Chazdon R, Chen HYH, Chisholm C, Cho H, Cienciala E, Clark C, Clark D, Colletta GD, Coomes DA, Valverde FC, Corral-Rivas JJ, Crim PM, Cumming JR, Dayanandan S, de Gasper AL, Decuyper M, Derroire G, DeVries B, Djordjevic I, Dolezal J, Dourdain A, Engone Obiang NL, Enquist BJ, Eyre TJ, Fandohan AB, Fayle TM, Feldpausch TR, Ferreira LV, Finér L, Fischer M, Fletcher C, Frizzera L, Gamarra JGP, Gianelle D, Glick HB, Harris DJ, Hector A, Hemp A, Hengeveld G, Hérault B, Herbohn JL, Herold M, Hietz P, Hillers A, Honorio Coronado EN, Hui C, Ibanez T, Imai N, Jagodziński AM, Jaroszewicz B, Johannsen VK, Joly CA, Jucker T, Jung I, Karminov V, Kartawinata K, Kearsley E, Kenfack D, Kennard DK, Kepfer-Rojas S, Keppel G, Khan ML, Killeen TJ, Kim HS, Kitayama K, Köhl M, Korjus H, Kraxner F, Kucher D, Laarmann D, Lang M, Lewis SL, Li Y, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Lu H, Lukina NV, Maitner BS, Malhi Y, Marcon E, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Marshall AR, Martin EH, McCarthy JK, Meave JA, Melo-Cruz O, Mendoza C, Mendoza-Polo I, Miscicki S, Merow C, Mendoza AM, Moreno VS, Mukul SA, Mundhenk P, Nava-Miranda MG, Neill D, Neldner VJ, Nevenic RV, Ngugi MR, Niklaus PA, Ontikov P, Ortiz-Malavasi E, Pan Y, Paquette A, Parada-Gutierrez A, Parfenova EI, Park M, Parren M, Parthasarathy N, Peri PL, Pfautsch S, Picard N, Piedade MTF, Piotto D, Pitman NCA, Poorter L, Poulsen AD, Poulsen JR, Pretzsch H, Arevalo FR, Restrepo-Correa Z, Richardson SJ, Rodeghiero M, Rolim SG, Roopsind A, Rovero F, Rutishauser E, Saikia P, Salas-Eljatib C, Saner P, Schall P, Schelhaas MJ, Schepaschenko D, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Schöngart J, Searle EB, Seben V, Serra-Diaz JM, Sheil D, Shvidenko AZ, Da Silva AC, Silva-Espejo JE, Silveira M, Singh J, Sist P, Slik F, Sonké B, Sosinski EE Jr, Souza AF, Stereńczak KJ, Svenning JC, Svoboda M, Swanepoel B, Targhetta N, Tchebakova N, Ter Steege H, Thomas R, Tikhonova E, Umunay PM, Usoltsev VA, Valencia R, Valladares F, Van Bodegom PM, van der Plas F, Van Do T, van Nuland ME, Vasquez RM, Verbeeck H, Viana H, Vibrans AC, Vieira S, von Gadow K, Wang HF, Watson JV, Werner GDA, Wittmann F, Woell H, Wortel V, Zagt R, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T, Zhang C, Zhao X, Zhou M, Zhu ZX, Zo-Bi IC, and Zohner CM
Subjects: Biomass, Wood, Forests, Carbon metabolism, Carbon analysis, Trees growth & development, Trees metabolism
Abstract: The density of wood is a key indicator of the carbon investment strategies of trees, impacting productivity and carbon storage. Despite its importance, the global variation in wood density and its environmental controls remain poorly understood, preventing accurate predictions of global forest carbon stocks. Here we analyse information from 1.1 million forest inventory plots alongside wood density data from 10,703 tree species to create a spatially explicit understanding of the global wood density distribution and its drivers. Our findings reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with wood in tropical forests being up to 30% denser than that in boreal forests. In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, hydrothermal conditions represented by annual mean temperature and soil moisture emerged as the primary factors influencing the variation in wood density globally. This indicates similar environmental filters and evolutionary adaptations among distinct plant groups, underscoring the essential role of abiotic factors in determining wood density in forest ecosystems. Additionally, our study highlights the prominent role of disturbance, such as human modification and fire risk, in influencing wood density at more local scales. Factoring in the spatial variation of wood density notably changes the estimates of forest carbon stocks, leading to differences of up to 21% within biomes. Therefore, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of terrestrial biomass distribution and how environmental changes and disturbances impact forest ecosystems., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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17. Integrated global assessment of the natural forest carbon potential.

Author: Mo L, Zohner CM, Reich PB, Liang J, de Miguel S, Nabuurs GJ, Renner SS, van den Hoogen J, Araza A, Herold M, Mirzagholi L, Ma H, Averill C, Phillips OL, Gamarra JGP, Hordijk I, Routh D, Abegg M, Adou Yao YC, Alberti G, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Alvarado BV, Alvarez-Dávila E, Alvarez-Loayza P, Alves LF, Amaral I, Ammer C, Antón-Fernández C, Araujo-Murakami A, Arroyo L, Avitabile V, Aymard GA, Baker TR, Bałazy R, Banki O, Barroso JG, Bastian ML, Bastin JF, Birigazzi L, Birnbaum P, Bitariho R, Boeckx P, Bongers F, Bouriaud O, Brancalion PHS, Brandl S, Brearley FQ, Brienen R, Broadbent EN, Bruelheide H, Bussotti F, Cazzolla Gatti R, César RG, Cesljar G, Chazdon RL, Chen HYH, Chisholm C, Cho H, Cienciala E, Clark C, Clark D, Colletta GD, Coomes DA, Cornejo Valverde F, Corral-Rivas JJ, Crim PM, Cumming JR, Dayanandan S, de Gasper AL, Decuyper M, Derroire G, DeVries B, Djordjevic I, Dolezal J, Dourdain A, Engone Obiang NL, Enquist BJ, Eyre TJ, Fandohan AB, Fayle TM, Feldpausch TR, Ferreira LV, Finér L, Fischer M, Fletcher C, Frizzera L, Gianelle D, Glick HB, Harris DJ, Hector A, Hemp A, Hengeveld G, Hérault B, Herbohn JL, Hillers A, Honorio Coronado EN, Hui C, Ibanez T, Imai N, Jagodziński AM, Jaroszewicz B, Johannsen VK, Joly CA, Jucker T, Jung I, Karminov V, Kartawinata K, Kearsley E, Kenfack D, Kennard DK, Kepfer-Rojas S, Keppel G, Khan ML, Killeen TJ, Kim HS, Kitayama K, Köhl M, Korjus H, Kraxner F, Kucher D, Laarmann D, Lang M, Lu H, Lukina NV, Maitner BS, Malhi Y, Marcon E, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Marshall AR, Martin EH, Meave JA, Melo-Cruz O, Mendoza C, Mendoza-Polo I, Miscicki S, Merow C, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Moreno VS, Mukul SA, Mundhenk P, Nava-Miranda MG, Neill D, Neldner VJ, Nevenic RV, Ngugi MR, Niklaus PA, Oleksyn J, Ontikov P, Ortiz-Malavasi E, Pan Y, Paquette A, Parada-Gutierrez A, Parfenova EI, Park M, Parren M, Parthasarathy N, Peri PL, Pfautsch S, Picard N, Piedade MTF, Piotto D, Pitman NCA, Poulsen AD, Poulsen JR, Pretzsch H, Ramirez Arevalo F, Restrepo-Correa Z, Rodeghiero M, Rolim SG, Roopsind A, Rovero F, Rutishauser E, Saikia P, Salas-Eljatib C, Saner P, Schall P, Schelhaas MJ, Schepaschenko D, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Schöngart J, Searle EB, Seben V, Serra-Diaz JM, Sheil D, Shvidenko AZ, Silva-Espejo JE, Silveira M, Singh J, Sist P, Slik F, Sonké B, Souza AF, Stereńczak KJ, Svenning JC, Svoboda M, Swanepoel B, Targhetta N, Tchebakova N, Ter Steege H, Thomas R, Tikhonova E, Umunay PM, Usoltsev VA, Valencia R, Valladares F, van der Plas F, Van Do T, van Nuland ME, Vasquez RM, Verbeeck H, Viana H, Vibrans AC, Vieira S, von Gadow K, Wang HF, Watson JV, Werner GDA, Wiser SK, Wittmann F, Woell H, Wortel V, Zagt R, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T, Zhang C, Zhao X, Zhou M, Zhu ZX, Zo-Bi IC, Gann GD, and Crowther TW
Subjects: Biodiversity, Human Activities, Environmental Restoration and Remediation trends, Sustainable Development trends, Global Warming prevention & control, Carbon analysis, Carbon metabolism, Carbon Sequestration, Conservation of Natural Resources statistics & numerical data, Conservation of Natural Resources trends, Forests
Abstract: Forests are a substantial terrestrial carbon sink, but anthropogenic changes in land use and climate have considerably reduced the scale of this system 1 . Remote-sensing estimates to quantify carbon losses from global forests 2-5 are characterized by considerable uncertainty and we lack a comprehensive ground-sourced evaluation to benchmark these estimates. Here we combine several ground-sourced 6 and satellite-derived approaches 2,7,8 to evaluate the scale of the global forest carbon potential outside agricultural and urban lands. Despite regional variation, the predictions demonstrated remarkable consistency at a global scale, with only a 12% difference between the ground-sourced and satellite-derived estimates. At present, global forest carbon storage is markedly under the natural potential, with a total deficit of 226 Gt (model range = 151-363 Gt) in areas with low human footprint. Most (61%, 139 Gt C) of this potential is in areas with existing forests, in which ecosystem protection can allow forests to recover to maturity. The remaining 39% (87 Gt C) of potential lies in regions in which forests have been removed or fragmented. Although forests cannot be a substitute for emissions reductions, our results support the idea 2,3,9 that the conservation, restoration and sustainable management of diverse forests offer valuable contributions to meeting global climate and biodiversity targets., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
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18. The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit.

Author: Ma H, Crowther TW, Mo L, Maynard DS, Renner SS, van den Hoogen J, Zou Y, Liang J, de-Miguel S, Nabuurs GJ, Reich PB, Niinemets Ü, Abegg M, Adou Yao YC, Alberti G, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Alvarado BV, Alvarez-Dávila E, Alvarez-Loayza P, Alves LF, Ammer C, Antón-Fernández C, Araujo-Murakami A, Arroyo L, Avitabile V, Aymard GA, Baker TR, Bałazy R, Banki O, Barroso JG, Bastian ML, Bastin JF, Birigazzi L, Birnbaum P, Bitariho R, Boeckx P, Bongers F, Bouriaud O, Brancalion PHS, Brandl S, Brearley FQ, Brienen R, Broadbent EN, Bruelheide H, Bussotti F, Cazzolla Gatti R, César RG, Cesljar G, Chazdon R, Chen HYH, Chisholm C, Cho H, Cienciala E, Clark C, Clark D, Colletta GD, Coomes DA, Valverde FC, Corral-Rivas JJ, Crim PM, Cumming JR, Dayanandan S, de Gasper AL, Decuyper M, Derroire G, DeVries B, Djordjevic I, Dolezal J, Dourdain A, Engone Obiang NL, Enquist BJ, Eyre TJ, Fandohan AB, Fayle TM, Feldpausch TR, Ferreira LV, Finér L, Fischer M, Fletcher C, Fridman J, Frizzera L, Gamarra JGP, Gianelle D, Glick HB, Harris DJ, Hector A, Hemp A, Hengeveld G, Hérault B, Herbohn JL, Herold M, Hillers A, Honorio Coronado EN, Hui C, Ibanez TT, Amaral I, Imai N, Jagodziński AM, Jaroszewicz B, Johannsen VK, Joly CA, Jucker T, Jung I, Karminov V, Kartawinata K, Kearsley E, Kenfack D, Kennard DK, Kepfer-Rojas S, Keppel G, Khan ML, Killeen TJ, Kim HS, Kitayama K, Köhl M, Korjus H, Kraxner F, Kucher D, Laarmann D, Lang M, Lewis SL, Lu H, Lukina NV, Maitner BS, Malhi Y, Marcon E, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Marshall AR, Martin EH, Meave JA, Melo-Cruz O, Mendoza C, Merow C, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Moreno VS, Mukul SA, Mundhenk P, Nava-Miranda MG, Neill D, Neldner VJ, Nevenic RV, Ngugi MR, Niklaus PA, Oleksyn J, Ontikov P, Ortiz-Malavasi E, Pan Y, Paquette A, Parada-Gutierrez A, Parfenova EI, Park M, Parren M, Parthasarathy N, Peri PL, Pfautsch S, Phillips OL, Picard N, Piedade MTF, Piotto D, Pitman NCA, Mendoza-Polo I, Poulsen AD, Poulsen JR, Pretzsch H, Ramirez Arevalo F, Restrepo-Correa Z, Rodeghiero M, Rolim SG, Roopsind A, Rovero F, Rutishauser E, Saikia P, Salas-Eljatib C, Saner P, Schall P, Schelhaas MJ, Schepaschenko D, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Schöngart J, Searle EB, Seben V, Serra-Diaz JM, Sheil D, Shvidenko AZ, Silva-Espejo JE, Silveira M, Singh J, Sist P, Slik F, Sonké B, Souza AF, Miścicki S, Stereńczak KJ, Svenning JC, Svoboda M, Swanepoel B, Targhetta N, Tchebakova N, Ter Steege H, Thomas R, Tikhonova E, Umunay PM, Usoltsev VA, Valencia R, Valladares F, van der Plas F, Van Do T, van Nuland ME, Vasquez RM, Verbeeck H, Viana H, Vibrans AC, Vieira S, von Gadow K, Wang HF, Watson JV, Werner GDA, Westerlund B, Wiser SK, Wittmann F, Woell H, Wortel V, Zagt R, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T, Zhang C, Zhao X, Zhou M, Zhu ZX, Zo-Bi IC, and Zohner CM
Subjects: Humans, Forests, Plant Leaves metabolism, Habits, Carbon metabolism, Trees metabolism, Ecosystem
Abstract: Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17-34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
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19. Author Correction: Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions.

Author: Delavaux CS, Crowther TW, Zohner CM, Robmann NM, Lauber T, van den Hoogen J, Kuebbing S, Liang J, de-Miguel S, Nabuurs GJ, Reich PB, Abegg M, Adou Yao YC, Alberti G, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Alvarado BV, Alvarez-Dávila E, Alvarez-Loayza P, Alves LF, Ammer C, Antón-Fernández C, Araujo-Murakami A, Arroyo L, Avitabile V, Aymard GA, Baker TR, Bałazy R, Banki O, Barroso JG, Bastian ML, Bastin JF, Birigazzi L, Birnbaum P, Bitariho R, Boeckx P, Bongers F, Bouriaud O, Brancalion PHS, Brandl S, Brienen R, Broadbent EN, Bruelheide H, Bussotti F, Gatti RC, César RG, Cesljar G, Chazdon R, Chen HYH, Chisholm C, Cho H, Cienciala E, Clark C, Clark D, Colletta GD, Coomes DA, Cornejo Valverde F, Corral-Rivas JJ, Crim PM, Cumming JR, Dayanandan S, de Gasper AL, Decuyper M, Derroire G, DeVries B, Djordjevic I, Dolezal J, Dourdain A, Engone Obiang NL, Enquist BJ, Eyre TJ, Fandohan AB, Fayle TM, Feldpausch TR, Ferreira LV, Fischer M, Fletcher C, Frizzera L, Gamarra JGP, Gianelle D, Glick HB, Harris DJ, Hector A, Hemp A, Hengeveld G, Hérault B, Herbohn JL, Herold M, Hillers A, Honorio Coronado EN, Hui C, Ibanez TT, Amaral I, Imai N, Jagodziński AM, Jaroszewicz B, Johannsen VK, Joly CA, Jucker T, Jung I, Karminov V, Kartawinata K, Kearsley E, Kenfack D, Kennard DK, Kepfer-Rojas S, Keppel G, Khan ML, Killeen TJ, Kim HS, Kitayama K, Köhl M, Korjus H, Kraxner F, Laarmann D, Lang M, Lewis SL, Lu H, Lukina NV, Maitner BS, Malhi Y, Marcon E, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Marshall AR, Martin EH, Martynenko O, Meave JA, Melo-Cruz O, Mendoza C, Merow C, Mendoza AM, Moreno VS, Mukul SA, Mundhenk P, Nava-Miranda MG, Neill D, Neldner VJ, Nevenic RV, Ngugi MR, Niklaus PA, Oleksyn J, Ontikov P, Ortiz-Malavasi E, Pan Y, Paquette A, Parada-Gutierrez A, Parfenova EI, Park M, Parren M, Parthasarathy N, Peri PL, Pfautsch S, Phillips OL, Picard N, Piedade MTTF, Piotto D, Pitman NCA, Polo I, Poorter L, Poulsen AD, Pretzsch H, Ramirez Arevalo F, Restrepo-Correa Z, Rodeghiero M, Rolim SG, Roopsind A, Rovero F, Rutishauser E, Saikia P, Salas-Eljatib C, Saner P, Schall P, Schepaschenko D, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Schöngart J, Searle EB, Seben V, Serra-Diaz JM, Sheil D, Shvidenko AZ, Silva-Espejo JE, Silveira M, Singh J, Sist P, Slik F, Sonké B, Souza AF, Miscicki S, Stereńczak KJ, Svenning JC, Svoboda M, Swanepoel B, Targhetta N, Tchebakova N, Ter Steege H, Thomas R, Tikhonova E, Umunay PM, Usoltsev VA, Valencia R, Valladares F, van der Plas F, Do TV, van Nuland ME, Vasquez RM, Verbeeck H, Viana H, Vibrans AC, Vieira S, von Gadow K, Wang HF, Watson JV, Werner GDA, Wiser SK, Wittmann F, Woell H, Wortel V, Zagt R, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T, Zhang C, Zhao X, Zhou M, Zhu ZX, Zo-Bi IC, and Maynard DS
Published: 2023
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20. Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions.

Author: Delavaux CS, Crowther TW, Zohner CM, Robmann NM, Lauber T, van den Hoogen J, Kuebbing S, Liang J, de-Miguel S, Nabuurs GJ, Reich PB, Abegg M, Adou Yao YC, Alberti G, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Alvarado BV, Alvarez-Dávila E, Alvarez-Loayza P, Alves LF, Ammer C, Antón-Fernández C, Araujo-Murakami A, Arroyo L, Avitabile V, Aymard GA, Baker TR, Bałazy R, Banki O, Barroso JG, Bastian ML, Bastin JF, Birigazzi L, Birnbaum P, Bitariho R, Boeckx P, Bongers F, Bouriaud O, Brancalion PHS, Brandl S, Brienen R, Broadbent EN, Bruelheide H, Bussotti F, Gatti RC, César RG, Cesljar G, Chazdon R, Chen HYH, Chisholm C, Cho H, Cienciala E, Clark C, Clark D, Colletta GD, Coomes DA, Cornejo Valverde F, Corral-Rivas JJ, Crim PM, Cumming JR, Dayanandan S, de Gasper AL, Decuyper M, Derroire G, DeVries B, Djordjevic I, Dolezal J, Dourdain A, Engone Obiang NL, Enquist BJ, Eyre TJ, Fandohan AB, Fayle TM, Feldpausch TR, Ferreira LV, Fischer M, Fletcher C, Frizzera L, Gamarra JGP, Gianelle D, Glick HB, Harris DJ, Hector A, Hemp A, Hengeveld G, Hérault B, Herbohn JL, Herold M, Hillers A, Honorio Coronado EN, Hui C, Ibanez TT, Amaral I, Imai N, Jagodziński AM, Jaroszewicz B, Johannsen VK, Joly CA, Jucker T, Jung I, Karminov V, Kartawinata K, Kearsley E, Kenfack D, Kennard DK, Kepfer-Rojas S, Keppel G, Khan ML, Killeen TJ, Kim HS, Kitayama K, Köhl M, Korjus H, Kraxner F, Laarmann D, Lang M, Lewis SL, Lu H, Lukina NV, Maitner BS, Malhi Y, Marcon E, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Marshall AR, Martin EH, Martynenko O, Meave JA, Melo-Cruz O, Mendoza C, Merow C, Mendoza AM, Moreno VS, Mukul SA, Mundhenk P, Nava-Miranda MG, Neill D, Neldner VJ, Nevenic RV, Ngugi MR, Niklaus PA, Oleksyn J, Ontikov P, Ortiz-Malavasi E, Pan Y, Paquette A, Parada-Gutierrez A, Parfenova EI, Park M, Parren M, Parthasarathy N, Peri PL, Pfautsch S, Phillips OL, Picard N, Piedade MTTF, Piotto D, Pitman NCA, Polo I, Poorter L, Poulsen AD, Pretzsch H, Ramirez Arevalo F, Restrepo-Correa Z, Rodeghiero M, Rolim SG, Roopsind A, Rovero F, Rutishauser E, Saikia P, Salas-Eljatib C, Saner P, Schall P, Schepaschenko D, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Schöngart J, Searle EB, Seben V, Serra-Diaz JM, Sheil D, Shvidenko AZ, Silva-Espejo JE, Silveira M, Singh J, Sist P, Slik F, Sonké B, Souza AF, Miscicki S, Stereńczak KJ, Svenning JC, Svoboda M, Swanepoel B, Targhetta N, Tchebakova N, Ter Steege H, Thomas R, Tikhonova E, Umunay PM, Usoltsev VA, Valencia R, Valladares F, van der Plas F, Do TV, van Nuland ME, Vasquez RM, Verbeeck H, Viana H, Vibrans AC, Vieira S, von Gadow K, Wang HF, Watson JV, Werner GDA, Wiser SK, Wittmann F, Woell H, Wortel V, Zagt R, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T, Zhang C, Zhao X, Zhou M, Zhu ZX, Zo-Bi IC, and Maynard DS
Subjects: Databases, Factual, Human Activities, Phylogeny, Rain, Temperature, Biodiversity, Introduced Species statistics & numerical data, Introduced Species trends, Trees classification, Trees physiology, Environment
Abstract: Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species 1,2 . Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies 3,4 . Here, leveraging global tree databases 5-7 , we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
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21. The number of tree species on Earth.

Author: Cazzolla Gatti R, Reich PB, Gamarra JGP, Crowther T, Hui C, Morera A, Bastin JF, de-Miguel S, Nabuurs GJ, Svenning JC, Serra-Diaz JM, Merow C, Enquist B, Kamenetsky M, Lee J, Zhu J, Fang J, Jacobs DF, Pijanowski B, Banerjee A, Giaquinto RA, Alberti G, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Alvarez-Davila E, Araujo-Murakami A, Avitabile V, Aymard GA, Balazy R, Baraloto C, Barroso JG, Bastian ML, Birnbaum P, Bitariho R, Bogaert J, Bongers F, Bouriaud O, Brancalion PHS, Brearley FQ, Broadbent EN, Bussotti F, Castro da Silva W, César RG, Češljar G, Chama Moscoso V, Chen HYH, Cienciala E, Clark CJ, Coomes DA, Dayanandan S, Decuyper M, Dee LE, Del Aguila Pasquel J, Derroire G, Djuikouo MNK, Van Do T, Dolezal J, Đorđević IĐ, Engel J, Fayle TM, Feldpausch TR, Fridman JK, Harris DJ, Hemp A, Hengeveld G, Herault B, Herold M, Ibanez T, Jagodzinski AM, Jaroszewicz B, Jeffery KJ, Johannsen VK, Jucker T, Kangur A, Karminov VN, Kartawinata K, Kennard DK, Kepfer-Rojas S, Keppel G, Khan ML, Khare PK, Kileen TJ, Kim HS, Korjus H, Kumar A, Kumar A, Laarmann D, Labrière N, Lang M, Lewis SL, Lukina N, Maitner BS, Malhi Y, Marshall AR, Martynenko OV, Monteagudo Mendoza AL, Ontikov PV, Ortiz-Malavasi E, Pallqui Camacho NC, Paquette A, Park M, Parthasarathy N, Peri PL, Petronelli P, Pfautsch S, Phillips OL, Picard N, Piotto D, Poorter L, Poulsen JR, Pretzsch H, Ramírez-Angulo H, Restrepo Correa Z, Rodeghiero M, Rojas Gonzáles RDP, Rolim SG, Rovero F, Rutishauser E, Saikia P, Salas-Eljatib C, Schepaschenko D, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Šebeň V, Silveira M, Slik F, Sonké B, Souza AF, Stereńczak KJ, Svoboda M, Taedoumg H, Tchebakova N, Terborgh J, Tikhonova E, Torres-Lezama A, van der Plas F, Vásquez R, Viana H, Vibrans AC, Vilanova E, Vos VA, Wang HF, Westerlund B, White LJT, Wiser SK, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T, Zemagho L, Zhu ZX, Zo-Bi IC, and Liang J
Subjects: Earth, Planet, Trees growth & development, Conservation of Natural Resources, Forests, Trees classification
Abstract: One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness., Competing Interests: Competing interest statement: M.L.B. is an employee of PNAS., (Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)
Published: 2022
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22. An approach to quantify climate-productivity relationships: an example from a widespread Nothofagus forest.

Author: Salas-Eljatib C
Subjects: Chile, Climate Change, Trees, Ecosystem, Forests
Abstract: Unique combinations of geographic and environmental conditions make quantifying the importance of factors that influence forest productivity difficult. I aimed to model the height growth of dominant Nothofagus alpina trees in temperate forests of Chile, as a proxy for forest productivity, by building a dynamic model that accounts for topography, habitat type, and climate conditions. Using stem analysis data of 169 dominant trees sampled throughout south-central Chile (35°50' and 41°30' S), I estimated growth model parameters using a nonlinear mixed-effects framework that takes into account the hierarchical structure of the data. Based on the proposed model, I used a system-dynamics approach to analyze growth rates as a function of topographic, habitat type, and climatic variability. I found that the interaction between aspect, slope, and elevation, as well as the effect of habitat type, play an essential role in determining tree height growth rates of N. alpina. Furthermore, the precipitation in the warmest quarter, precipitation seasonality, and annual mean temperature are critical climatic drivers of forest productivity. Given a forecasted climate condition for the region by 2100, where precipitation seasonality and mean annual temperature increase by 10% and 1°C, respectively, and precipitation in the warmest quarter decreases by 10 mm, I predict a reduction of 1.4 m in height growth of 100-yr-old dominant trees. This study shows that the sensitivity of N. alpina-dominated forests to precipitation and temperature patterns could lead to a reduction of tree height growth rates as a result of climate change, suggesting a decrease in carbon sequestration too. By implementing a system dynamics approach, I provide a new perspective on climate-productivity relationships, bettering the quantitative understanding of forest ecosystem dynamics under climate change. The results highlight that while temperature rising might favor forest growth, the decreasing in both amount and distribution within a year of precipitation can be even more critical to reduce forest productivity., (© 2021 by the Ecological Society of America.)
Published: 2021
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23. Evaluation of modeling strategies for assessing self-thinning behavior and carrying capacity.

Author: Salas-Eljatib C and Weiskittel AR
Abstract: Self-thinning and site maximum carrying capacity are key concepts for understanding and predicting ecosystem dynamics as they represent the outcome of several fundamental ecological processes (e.g., mortality and growth). Relationships are often derived using alternative modeling strategies, depending on the statistical approach, model formulation, and underlying data with unclear implications of these various assumptions. In this analysis, the influence of contrasting modeling strategies for estimating the self-thinning relationship and maximum carrying capacity in long-term, permanent plot data ( n = 130) from the mixed Nothofagus forests in southern Chile was assessed and compared. Seven contrasting modeling strategies were used including ordinary least squares, quantile, and nonlinear regression that were formulated based on static (no remeasurements) or dynamic data (with remeasurements). Statistically distinct differences among these seven approaches were identified with mean maximum carrying capacity ranging from 1,050 to 1,912 stems/ha depending on the approach. The population-level static approach based on quantile regression produced an estimate closest to the overall mean with site-level carrying capacity depending on tree species diversity and climate. Synthesis and applications . Overall, the findings highlight strong variability within and between contrasting methods of determining self-thinning and site maximum carry capacity, which may influence ecological inferences.
Published: 2018
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24. A Simulation Study Using Terrestrial LiDAR Point Cloud Data to Quantify Spectral Variability of a Broad-Leaved Forest Canopy.

Author: Cifuentes R, Van der Zande D, Salas-Eljatib C, Farifteh J, and Coppin P
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Forests, Chlorophyll metabolism, Plant Leaves metabolism
Abstract: In this analysis, a method for construction of forest canopy three-dimensional (3D) models from terrestrial LiDAR was used for assessing the influence of structural changes on reflectance for an even-aged forest in Belgium. The necessary data were extracted by the developed method, as well as it was registered the adjacent point-clouds, and the canopy elements were classified. Based on a voxelized approach, leaf area index (LAI) and the vertical distribution of leaf area density (LAD) of the forest canopy were derived. Canopy⁻radiation interactions were simulated in a ray tracing environment, giving suitable illumination properties and optical attributes of the different canopy elements. Canopy structure was modified in terms of LAI and LAD for hyperspectral measurements. It was found that the effect of a 10% increase in LAI on NIR reflectance can be equal to change caused by translating 50% of leaf area from top to lower layers. As presented, changes in structure did affect vegetation indices associated with LAI and chlorophyll content. Overall, the work demonstrated the ability of terrestrial LiDAR for detailed canopy assessments and revealed the high complexity of the relationship between vertical LAD and reflectance.
Published: 2018
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24 results on '"Salas-Eljatib C"'

1. The global distribution and drivers of wood density and their impact on forest carbon stocks

2. Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threats

3. Global patterns and environmental drivers of forest functional composition

4. Positive feedbacks and alternative stable states in forest leaf types

5. The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

6. Integrated global assessment of the natural forest carbon potential

7. Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

8. Evenness mediates the global relationship between forest productivity and richness

9. Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients

10. The number of tree species on Earth

11. Author Correction: Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses

12. Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses

13. The number of tree species on Earth

14. Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients

15. Comparing statistical and deep learning approaches for simultaneous prediction of stand-level above- and belowground biomass in tropical forests.

16. The global distribution and drivers of wood density and their impact on forest carbon stocks.

17. Integrated global assessment of the natural forest carbon potential.

18. The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit.

19. Author Correction: Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions.

20. Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions.

21. The number of tree species on Earth.

22. An approach to quantify climate-productivity relationships: an example from a widespread Nothofagus forest.

23. Evaluation of modeling strategies for assessing self-thinning behavior and carrying capacity.

24. A Simulation Study Using Terrestrial LiDAR Point Cloud Data to Quantify Spectral Variability of a Broad-Leaved Forest Canopy.

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