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The Repeat-Sales (RS) model controls quality by using the prices of the same items in various time periods. However, this methodology suffers from sample selection bias. To address this issue, a Heckman two-stage procedure has been applied to a sample of Picasso paintings from 1990 to 2016. Contrary to the literature — which argues sample selection bias comes from buy-ins — in this paper, bias is modelled to capture information on items sold only once. The research field frequently uses the standard (RS) index, yet empirical evidence shows systematic differences between the standard RS index and the Heckman RS index. These differences are relevant when buyers make decisions on art investments.

Residential properties are basic needs to humans as people must desire a place to rest after the days’ job and also to carry out other activities needed for survival. The need for investors in real estate in Port Harcourt metropolis to make informed decision on residential property investment necessitated this study. The study examined the rental value trends and sale prices of 1, 2 and 3 bedroom flats in Ogbunabali and Rumuepirikom towns both in Port Harcourt metropolis from 2010 to 2019. The study gathered data on rental values and sale prices from Estate Surveying and Valuation firms practicing in Port Harcourt metropolis. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as tables, trend analysis and Pearson correlation analysis to analyse the relationship between rental values and sale prices of the property types under study in the study areas for the period. The study revealed that 3 bedroom flats had the highest growth rates in Ogbunabali with average growth rates of 100% for the ten year period under study, and also revealed that 1 and 2 bedroom flats had their highest growth rates in Rumuepirikom with average growth rates of 108% and 150% respectively. From the Pearson correlation analysis carried out to ascertain if there exists a relationship between rental values of residential properties and their sale/ purchase value, the study established from the analysis that the relationship is statistically significant at 0.01 level. This study has revealed how rental incomes from a particular location can impact on the rental growth rates and also the relationship between rental values and sales/ purchase prices in the study areas for the residential properties under study which will aid informed decision making as regards real property development. Keywords: Decade, Metropolis, Rental value, Residential properties, Sale price, Trends. Title: A Decade of Rent and Price Movement in Port Harcourt Metropolis Author: ELENWO, E., AKUJURU, V. A International Journal of Novel Research in Marketing Management and Economics ISSN 2394-7322 Vol. 10, Issue 2, May 2023 - August 2023 Page No: 1-9 Novelty Journals Website: www.noveltyjournals.com Published Date: 08-May-2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7907107 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/A%20Decade%20of%20Rent%20and%20Price%20Movement-08052023-1.pdf, International Journal of Novel Research in Marketing Management and Economics, ISSN 2394-7322, Novelty Journals, Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Soybean (Glycine max) farmers in the Upper Midwest region of the United States frequently experience severe yield losses due to Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR). Previous studies have revealed benefits of individual management practices on SSR. This study examined the integration of multiple control practices on the development of SSR, yield, and the economic implications of these practices. Combinations of row spacings, seeding rates, and fungicide applications were examined in multi-site field trials across the Upper Midwest from 2017-2019. These trials revealed that wide row spacing and low seeding rates individually reduced SSR levels but also reduced yields. Yields were similar across the three higher seeding rates examined. However, site-years where SSR developed showed the highest partial profits in the intermediate seeding rates. This indicates that partial profits in diseased fields were negatively impacted by high seeding rates, but this trend was not observed when SSR did not develop. Fungicides strongly reduced the development of SSR, while also increasing yields. However, there was a reduction in partial profits due to their use at a low soybean sale price, but at higher sale prices fungicide use was similar to not treating. Additionally, the production of new inoculum was predicted from disease incidence, serving as an indicator of increased risk for SSR development in future years. Overall, this study suggests the use of wide rows and low seeding rates could be useful in fields with a history of SSR, while reserving narrow rows and higher seeding rates for fields without a history of SSR.

Present study investigates techno-economic feasibility of trimellitic acid (TMLA) production from a biorenewable precursor 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) for the first time . A 5 kmol/hr HMF feed rate to produce 99% pure TMLA is considered to provide a roadmap for fixing the minimum sales price of TMLA for significant return on investments and a shorter payback period. The current TMLA sales price varies significantly ($10/kg-$1000/kg) in different markets; depending on the process for TMLA production. Thus, techno-economic feasibility study for TMLA production is investigated considering variable sales price . It is also observed that two distinct reaction routes for TMLA production from HMF are possible and both routes can be profitable even at the minimum sales price of $10/kg. Nevertheless, TMLA production from direct conversion of HMF in one step showed better IRR (105.94%) than IRR (39.42%) calculated for a two-step process. It is also observed that catalyst and raw materials costs are main contributing factor in capital and operating costs, respectively. Thus, cost of feed is varied to study the possible future cases, as HMF cost may decrease in the future with advances in the development of biomass conversion technologies. It is observed that the IRR of the TMLA production plant would further increase significantly by ∼16% if raw material cost is reduced by 10-40% in the future.

Renewable energy sources are of great importance in protecting the environment by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. Recently, more efficient conversion technologies and different types of resources have been introduced to generate energy in a sustainable way. Biomass-to-energy systems need to be designed efficiently due to high volumes of raw material flows and transportation costs. This study proposes a novel integrated approach for the solution of biomass supply chain network design using artificial intelligence, geographic information systems, multi criteria decision making and mathematical modelling. First, the five-year forecasts of biomass raw materials including animal waste, agricultural residues, and municipal solid waste were made using support vector regression. Alternative biogas facility locations were determined spatially based on various criteria using geographic data and a decision-making technique. Then, considering annual net present value streams, the bioenergy system has been configured using a mixed integer linear programming model. The proposed methodology was applied on a real case in the city of Denizli, Turkey. The results showed that nine conversion facilities could be opened with 2000 kWh capacity each, and approximately 83.2% of net income could came from electricity sales, with the remainder from fertilizer sales. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to see the variations in model parameters such as biomass purchase cost, transportation cost, fertilizer sales prices and discount rate. It was found that the most dominant factor affecting net present value was fertilizer sales price, which was followed by discount rate. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

Studies on price trends of seafood products in the medium run remain scarce. In this paper, we investigate changes in first-sale prices of fish sold in France over the last 25 years. Drawing on the...

An import plan is a guide designed to improve an international sales proposal and show the benefits that would be obtained with its application in essential areas such as internal logistics, international transportation, the supply chain and even in the sale price of the good. It is also a source of information in a structured manner for those seeking to become involved in the area and, above all, a new perspective on detection and diagnostic equipment. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate these advantages in the purchase of hearing loss screening and diagnostic equipment. Detailing the entities involved in the import process, and its role in benefiting people with hearing impairment; and in turn, will allow to know, within its conclusions, the difference between the purchase of this equipment in national territory and within the content, the values incurred in the importation of these goods. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)the purchase of this equipment in national territory and within the content, the values ​​incurred in the importation of these goods.

Retailers routinely present a posted or sale price together with a higher advertised reference price, in an effort to evoke a perception of the discount the consumer is receiving. However, if prices can be negotiated, what impact does this initial perceived discount (IPD) have on the ultimate discount, demand, and revenue? With data from consumers of a large durable goods retailer, in a natural decision-making environment, this study provides evidence that a greater IPD is associated with smaller negotiated discounts. Then, a lab experiment involving negotiation and purchase decisions for multiple products, with randomly assigned values of the IPD, establishes that a $1 increase in IPD lowers the negotiated discount by 5.7 cents. Furthermore, 55% of this decrease can be attributed to reduction in the participants’ likelihood to initiate a negotiation. Under bargaining, almost one-third of the increase in revenue from a higher IPD stems from an increase in the negotiated price, which is unlike fixed pricing, in which setting an increase in IPD affects revenue only through changes in demand. Finally, the optimal advertised reference prices a seller would post under bargaining and fixed pricing are similar, but the benefit from posting this price is significantly higher under bargaining. These findings in turn have implications for researchers, retailers, consumers and policy makers.

The study was conducted, in Pratapgarh district of Uttar Pradesh. Random sampling technique was used for the selection of blocks, villages and proportionate random sampling for selection of growers. From the list, 200 growers were selected, using proportionate sampling method i.e. 90 small, 70 medium and 40 large farmers respectively. The primary data were collected from the respondents by using interview schedule, while secondary data were collected from the official records, published data, magazines etc. The marketable surplus for Aonla in the area was found to be 140, 160 and 180 quintals per farm which constituting (99.10%), (99.48%) and (99.48%) to their total Aonla production. Channel-I, Marketing cost when producers sold their produce to consumer in the market was Rs.90/quintal. Net price received by the producer is 410/quintal. Producer share in consumer price was 82 per cent. Price spread is Rs 90. Marketing efficiency was 5.55 per cent. Channel-II, Marketing cost when producers sold their produce to retailers was Rs.105/quintal. Among these cost transportation charges was most important which accounted for Rs.15/quintal, followed by loading and unloading cost Rs.10/quintal, market cost Rs.10/quintal, labour cost was Rs.10/quintal and miscellaneous cost Rs.50/quintal respectively. Sale price of the producer to retailer was Rs.500/quintals inn different farms size group. Channel-III, this is identified as the longest channel. The producer sells his produce to the commission agents, who in turn sell it to retailer in the market. Finally, the produce reaches to the consumer after collecting margin. Average marketing cost when producer sold their produce to commission agents, in the market was Rs.165. Among these grading, cleaning etc. was Rs. 10 and 10 per Qts. loading and unloading cost Rs. 10 per Qtl. Transportation cost Rs. 20per Qts, Miscellaneous charges Rs. 25/qts, respectively. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i9.016

Este estudo buscou identificar quais fatores da prática gestão de custos influenciam o processo decisório das Indústrias do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, aplicada por meio de uma survey, com amostra final de 12 indústrias localizadas na região centro oeste do Brasil, cujos dados foram tratados com estatística descritiva e Ranking Médio. Entre os resultados apurados, destacou-se a importância da utilização de algum método de custeio para a formação do preço de venda, tendo como o método mais utilizado o custo padrão, seguido do custeio variável. Além disso, os dados indicaram a concordância das empresas em relação ao preço de venda através do custo do produto. Já sobre a margem de contribuição, divergem entre si sobre as possíveis utilizações deste artefato. Em resumo, as empresas da amostra não possuem um padrão em relação a tamanho ou regime tributário. Entretanto, em relação à determinação de custos e formação de preços, assim como a utilização de ferramentas e informações para a gestão de custos, não se divergem em grande escala entre si. This study searched identify which factors of cost management practice influence the decision-making process of Industries in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. For this, a descriptive research was carried out, applied through a survey, with a final sample of 12 industries located in the central west region of Brazil, whose data were treated with descriptive statistics and Medium Ranking. Among the results obtained, the importance of using some costing method for the formation of the selling price was highlighted, with the most used method being the standard cost, followed by the variable costing. In addition, the data indicated the agreement of the companies in relation to the selling price through the cost of the product. As for the contribution margin, they differ among themselves on the possible uses of this artifact. In summary, the companies in the sample do not have a standard in terms of size or tax regime. However, in relation to the determination of costs and formation of prices, as well as the use of tools and information for the management of costs, they do not diverge on a large scale. Este estudio buscó identificar qué factores de la práctica de gestión de costos influyen en el proceso de toma de decisiones de las industrias en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Para ello, se realizó una investigación descriptiva, aplicada a través de una encuesta, con una muestra final de 12 industrias ubicadas en la región centro oeste de Brasil, cuyos datos fueron tratados con estadística descriptiva y Ranking Medio. Entre los resultados obtenidos se destacó la importancia de utilizar algún método de costeo para la formación del precio de venta, siendo el método más utilizado el costo estándar, seguido del costeo variable. Además, los datos indicaron la concordancia de las empresas en relación al precio de venta a través del costo del producto. En cuanto al margen de contribución, difieren entre sí sobre los posibles usos de este artefacto. En resumen, las empresas de la muestra no cuentan con un estándar en cuanto a tamaño o régimen fiscal. Sin embargo, en relación a la determinación de costos y formación de precios, así como el uso de herramientas e información para la gestión de costos, no divergen en gran escala.