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Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy (ESE) has gained immense importance in the past few years in the field of entrepreneurship. The focus of this study is to test the effect of each of the five dimensions of ESE and understand their importance in connection with firms’ performance. This study was carried out among small businesses entrepreneurs in Pakistan and a valid sample of 353 entrepreneurs was selected for this purpose. A survey technique was used for data collection and AMOS was used for data analysis. In line with expectation, the analysis concluded a significant positive relationship between ESE dimensions and performance of small businesses. It was also concluded that the Risk dimension of ESE contributes majorly in the improvement of firms’ performance whereas the financial control dimension of ESE contribution was least. It is also suggested that all five dimensions of ESE are important to achieve desirable performance outcomes.

It is widely recognized that leaders distinctly inspire individuals of an organization to maintain a healthy culture regardless of diverse circumstances. The need of authentic leadership has been recognized to promote positive organizational behaviors in teaching institutions. Moreover, previous research has emphasized the role of organizational citizenship behaviors in facilitating employee retention by increasing their commitment towards organizations. This study explored the role of authentic leadership in promoting organizational citizenship behaviors of teachers from public sector universities of Pakistan. The population of this study comprised permanent faculty members of public sector universities of Pakistan and a sample of 450 teachers were selected. A quantitative research strategy was employed. The cross-sectional time period has been used for the data collection through the survey questionnaire during the pandemic situation. Findings revealed a strong positive association between authentic leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors of teachers. Moreover, the findings support the research findings in other cultural contexts. It revealed that public sector teachers need authentic leadership to motivate teachers to display organizational citizenship behaviors which in turn spread positivity throughout the organization. Because when authentic leaders in teaching organizations play their positive role then teachers tend to reciprocate with beneficial behaviors within the organizations.

Objective: To detect color vision deficiency in patients presenting with ocular complaints. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study (Case Series). Setting: Department of Outpatient, THQ hospital, Daska, Sialkot. Period: 01 January 22 to 30 June 22. Material & Methods: Patients of all ages and both genders presenting to the outpatient department with ocular complaints. Patients who were uncooperative/non responsive, aware of their CVD, visually/mentally handicapped or deaf, had a medical history of systemic disease, on CNS medications, had ocular pathology (corneal, retinal disease, cataract). Color vision defects were detected using Ishihara pseudo isochromatic colored plates (38). All the data was entered and analyzed using Microsoft excel spreadsheet software. Descriptive data was represented as range and mean ± SD whereas the qualitative variables were represented as frequencies and percentages. Results: Out of 687, 65.79 % (452) were males with a mean age of 36±12.62 years and 34.2% (235) were females with a mean age of 37±9.2 years. We found color vision deficiency in 4.22% of males and in 0.58% of females. Conclusion: We found CVD was present in a significant number of patients and none were aware of their Color vision deficiency and handicap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green passport introduced by many European countries to make situation normal. But the opposition posed some reservation on implementation of green health passport. Green passport is a technology that can track down people under supervision, which means they are under constant observation; as President Biden said that we have to protect vaccinated from unvaccinated. This research contributes to highlighting the green passport concept during the Corona pandemic. This research used articles from east and west publications from the year 2021. Antconc version 4.0 and Ant Tag contributed annotations to the articles. There were 10572 words in total in the corpus. The study uses Mautner's (2016) Corpus-Linguistics technique to conduct corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis. This study combines Baker's lexical category model of concordance with a Corpus-Linguistics approach. The keywords were taken with American reference corpus which were examined via the lens of CLA. The examination of corpus data revealed that western data was great in number against the eastern corpus. The keywords grouped into themes which enabled to get insight of the data. The result showed that maximum countries are in favour of green passport with little reservation. Almost all countries agreed that green passport is a key to open normal business in the world. But needed to create justice in accepting third world green health passport. All governments are making significant efforts to implement the green passport, regardless of the concerns the WHO. The study thus recomended to investigate more newspapers' articles so that the result would be more authentic. It is important to find out the implication of green passport on people and society along with alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present study, the quality of commercially brands of green and black tea available in Pakistan was analyzed on the basis of phenolic contents. Total phenolic content was analyzed through spectrophotometric measurement using the Ferrous Tartrate method. Individual catechins along with gallic acid and caffeine were determined using HPLC-UV. TPC of green tea was found to be higher than black tea. Among green tea brands, Lipton Clear Green showed higher TPC than Tapal Gulbahar. Both green and black tea polyphenols showed higher solubility in the aqueous acetone (50%, v/v) compared to water. (-)-EGCG was detected as the most abundant catechins in all green and black tea samples. Theaflavin content of Lipton Yellow Label and Vital was significantly higher than Tapal Family Mixture and Tetley. Based on catechins and theaflavins content, Lipton Clear Green, Lipton Yellow Label, and Vital Tea were considered to be of higher quality than other brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely recognized that leaders distinctly inspire individuals of an organization to maintain a healthy culture regardless of diverse circumstances. The need of authentic leadership has been recognized to promote positive organizational behaviors in teaching institutions. Moreover, previous research has emphasized the role of organizational citizenship behaviors in facilitating employee retention by increasing their commitment towards organizations. This study explored the role of authentic leadership in promoting organizational citizenship behaviors of teachers from public sector universities of Pakistan. The population of this study comprised permanent faculty members of public sector universities of Pakistan and a sample of 450 teachers were selected. A quantitative research strategy was employed. The cross-sectional time period has been used for the data collection through the survey questionnaire during the pandemic situation. Findings revealed a strong positive association between authentic leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors of teachers. Moreover, the findings support the research findings in other cultural contexts. It revealed that public sector teachers need authentic leadership to motivate teachers to display organizational citizenship behaviors which in turn spread positivity throughout the organization. Because when authentic leaders in teaching organizations play their positive role then teachers tend to reciprocate with beneficial behaviors within the organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research work was to examine the in vitro antioxidant activity of the different aqueous and organic fractions of Lonicera quinquelocularis Hardwicke. The methanol extract was dissolved in distilled water and fractioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, successively. The antioxidant potential of the remaining aqueous and organic fractions was determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, ferric thiocyanate assay and total phenolics method. Among these fractions ethyl acetate fraction displayed the maximum antioxidant activity with IC50 of (11.13±0.12µg/ml). It also exhibited the highest total antioxidant activity (0.595±0.00), FRAP value (128.2±4.54µg/mL) and total phenolic contents (66.89±7.73µg/g) as compared to other organic fractions. Phytochemical investigation of the above mentioned fractions showed the presence of flavanoids, phenolics, terpenoids, sugars, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides in appreciable amounts, which have major contribution towards antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]