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Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning describe a broad range of algorithm types that can be trained based on datasets to make predictions. The increasing sophistication of AI has created new opportunities to apply these algorithms within within trauma care. Our paper overviews the current uses of AI along the continuum of trauma care, including injury prediction, triage, emergency department volume, assessment, and outcomes. Starting at the point of injury, algorithms are being used to predict severity of motor vehicle crashes, which can help inform emergency responses. Once on the scene, AI can be used to help emergency services triage patients remotely in order to inform transfer location and urgency. For the receiving hospital, these tools can be used to predict trauma volumes in the emergency department to help allocate appropriate staffing. After patient arrival to hospital, these algorithms not only can help to predict injury severity, which can inform decision-making, but also predict patient outcomes to help trauma teams anticipate patient trajectory. Overall, these tools have the capability to transform trauma care. AI is still nascent within the trauma surgery sphere, but this body of the literature shows that this technology has vast potential. AI-based predictive tools in trauma need to be explored further through prospective trials and clinical validation of algorithms.

Objective: Cancer is the third leading cause of death in Iran following cardiovascular diseases, accidents, and other phenomena. The current research aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy on mental pain, distress tolerance, and psychological hardiness in patients with breast cancer. Methods and Materials: The present study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and a one-month follow-up, along with a control group. The population consisted of all female patients who visited clinics in the city of Babol in 2022 and were diagnosed with breast cancer. Out of this population, 30 patients with breast cancer were selected through non-random convenience sampling and randomly assigned into two groups: an experimental group (mindfulness therapy) and a control group (15 individuals in each group). Mindfulness therapy was then administered in 8 sessions of 90 minutes each for the experimental group. Data were collected using the Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire by Lang and Goulet (2003), the Distress Tolerance Scale by Simons and Gaher (2005), and the Mental Pain Questionnaire by Orbach and Mikulincer (2003). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS software version 22. Findings: The results demonstrated that mindfulness therapy effectively reduced mental pain (P < 0.001), increased distress tolerance (P < 0.001), and enhanced psychological hardiness (P < 0.001) in patients with breast cancer. Conclusion: It can be concluded that mindfulness therapy was effective in reducing mental pain, increasing distress tolerance, and enhancing psychological hardiness in patients with breast cancer, and can be utilized to mitigate the adverse effects of the disease on patients' lives and for supportive interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study has been done with the aim of analyzing the participation of university students and academic staffs in the Arbaeen walking pilgrimage and providing strategic suggestions its quality. The basis of the design of this study was the need to identify the needs and issues of university pilgrims along with their attitudes towards walking and their motiva- tions in the form of a qualitative study. For this, a qualitative methodological framework was developed with the method of content analysis obtained from semi-structured interviews. Three types of interviews were designed and conducted with three different groups of students, professors and experts and researchers of Arbaeen. The findings of the research show that students and professors who come to this field with different spiritual motivations, the curiosity of the perception of attending Arbaeen and gaining rewards, are sometimes associated with the motivations of Shia identityism or the political motivation of expressing Shia power. They are sometimes active in the processions of the walking route in accommodation, nutrition, welfare, medical services, as well as supervision, coordination and counseling for the processions. Academicians, while approving the facilities provided by universities to reduce students' concerns about educational issues, absenteeism, and thesis defense, criti- cized the media's excessive publicity and assessed the nationalization of Arbaeen as incorrect and with negative consequences. At the same time, they emphasized the duties of the government in providing communication infrastructure, transportation, accommodation, feeding and facilitating consular affairs. Finally strategic suggestions were provided [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Addiction, a chronic and recurrent disorder, is associated with lasting changes in the brain and can significantly affect the quality of life of people. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) along with modern medical treatments can improve the quality of life of individuals. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) and quality of life in narcotics anonymous patients. Methods. This cross-sectional study was performed on 189 narcotics anonymous patients in southeastern Iran. Using questionnaires such as the demographic information, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), CAM, and satisfaction with the use of CAM, the researcher was able to compile a comprehensive picture of the population. Results. The mean score of overall quality of life and general health was 64.02 ± 23.32. Overall, 66.1 percent (n = 125) of the participants reported using at least one type of CAM in the previous year. Last year, 25.9% of participants used at least one kind of CAM, 22.8% used two types of CAM, 7.9% used three types of CAM, and 4.8% used four to five types of CAM. Thirty-nine point seven percent of them reported using prayer, 36.5% reported using medicinal herbs, 15.3% of participants reported using massage, 14.3% of participants reported using dietary supplements, 12.2% reported using wet cupping, and 8.5% reported using meditation. There were no significant differences in physical, psychological, environmental, and overall quality of life between CAM users and non-CAM users. The prayer users had significantly higher scores in terms of social relationships, environment, and overall quality of life than nonprayer users. Employed participants and opium users had significantly higher overall quality of life than others. Conclusion. Although there was no difference in quality of life between CAM and non-CAM users, the present study showed that prayer and medicinal herbs were the most commonly used methods among narcotics anonymous patients. However, prayer and religious beliefs were successful in improving the quality of life of these individuals. Physicians and other healthcare providers must advise patients with addiction to use different CAMs in order to improve their quality of life and quit narcotics. Future in-depth studies could help these patients use CAMs and improve their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the quasi-static compressive behavior and the drop weight impact tests during the crashing of energy-absorbing structures such as aluminum foam-filled tubes. The closed-cell Al and A356 Alloy foams were cast and, after cutting, inserted into the Al thin wall tube as axial fillers of single-, double- and quad-layer structures. Then, the specific energy absorption (SEA), complementary energy (CE), normalized energy (NE), and specific normalized energy (SNE) are calculated based on static and dynamic test results under uniaxial loading. In this new method, values of NE and SNE are always between 0 and 1. Results show that the SEA-strain curves obtained from crashing the foam-filled tubes were linear and overlapping under static and dynamic loading. However, NE curves for dynamic tests were cyclic and in the static tests were asymptotic non-linear, and utterly separable. Results indicated that the SNE for Al, A356 single layer, Al-A356 double-, and Al-A356-Al-A356 quad-layer foam-filled tubes during dynamic tests were 0.25, 0.29, 0.31, and 0.31, while for the static tests, 0.14,0.15, 0.17, and 0.14 were recorded. It was found that CE and NE energies were better than the SEA energy for recognizing plastic deformation and crushing behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exercise-induced oxidative stress, muscle damage, and inflammation represent major contributors to why athletes use ergogenic aids. Turmeric is used as a spice because of its polyphenol ingredient named curcumin. We assessed the effects of curcumin supplementation on inflammatory, oxidative stress markers, muscle damage, and anthropometric indices in women with moderate physical activity. Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 women with moderate physical activity levels (defined as walking or swimming for at least 1 h per day) for 8 weeks. Mean ± SD of age (years) all participants was 21 ± 2. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups: curcumin (500 mg/day) and placebo (500 mg/day cornstarch). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, body composition, and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) were evaluated before and after an intervention. Results: Sixty-five subjects completed the 8-week intervention. Within analysis indicated a significant decrease in CRP, LDH, MDA levels, and a significant increase in VO2 max in the curcumin group after an intervention (P < 0.05). There were significant decreases in CRP (P = 0.002), LDH (P = 0.041), and MDA (P = 0.005), no significant increase in TAC, and significant increase in VO2 max (P = 0.0001) levels in the curcumin group compared with placebo group. There were no significant changes in weight, body mass index, body fat, and lean body mass between two groups. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that 8-week curcumin administration could significantly improve CRP, LDH, MDA, and VO2 max. Curcumin supplementation did not elicit significant changes in anthropometric indices in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respirable crystalline silica (RCS) overexposure can lead to the development of silicosis which is a chronic, irreversible, potentially fatal respiratory disease. The most significant prerequisite for any silica exposure control plan is an accurate occupational exposure assessment. The results of crystalline silica analysis are often affected by other mineral interferences and are influenced by an analyst's knowledge of mineralogy to accurately interpret infrared spectra and correct matrix interferences. Partial least squares (PLS) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are two multivariate calibration methods to overcome the problem of spectral interferences without the need for an analyst intervention. The performance of these two methods in quantitative analysis of quartz in the presence of mineral interferences was evaluated and compared in this study. Fifty mixtures with different crystalline silica content ratios were prepared by mixing quartz with four common mineral interferences including kaolinite, albite, muscovite, and amorphous silica. Fourier-transform infrared spectra of the mixtures were split into training and test datasets. The optimal architecture of the ANN model was achieved using a two-level full factorial design experiment and data were modeled using ANN and PLS regression analysis. Root mean squared error of prediction values of 1.69 and 6.12 µg quartz for ANN and PLS models, respectively, revealed the fact that the both models performed very well in quantitative analysis of quartz in the presence of mineral interferences, with a better relative performance of the ANN model which can be related to the inherent nonlinear predictive ability of ANNs. Given the excellent predictive ability of the ANN model which can deal with a completely overlapped peak without any need of user's intervention, it is recommended that the ANN model be optimized in future studies and utilized for reliable and rapid on-field assessment of RCS exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Glove fitting is an essential factor that affects health-care workers' performance. This study aimed to evaluate health-care workers' opinion about medical gloves fitting. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 525 health-care workers in the hospitals of five cities in Iran (response rate was 95.45%). The Medical Gloves Assessment Tool was used for collecting the required data. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 22 software. Results: The results showed that the health-care workers were not satisfied with the size of medical gloves in different areas of fingertips, between fingers, and the wrist. Accordingly, more than 70% of the participants were <50% satisfied with medical gloves fitting. Conclusion: Due to the importance of medical gloves fitting and the lack of sufficient information in this field, it is necessary to check the compatibility of hand dimensions of the Iranian health-care workers with the existing glove size systems. If necessary, a glove sizing system should be developed based on the anthropometric dimensions of health-care workers in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]