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Quark and gluon jets provide one of the best ways to probe the matter produced in ultrarelativistic high-energy collisions, from cold nuclear matter to hot quark-gluon plasma. In this work, we propose a unified framework for efficient quantum simulation of many-body dynamics using the (3+1)-dimensional QCD Hamiltonian on the light front, particularly suited for studying the scattering of quark and gluon jets on nuclear matter in heavy-ion collisions. We describe scalable methods for mapping physical degrees of freedom onto qubits and for simulating in-medium jet evolution. We then validate our framework by implementing an algorithm that directly maps second-quantized Fock states onto qubits and uses Trotterized simulation for simulating time dynamics. Using a classical emulator, we investigate the evolution of quark and gluon jets with up to three particles in Fock states, extending prior studies. These calculations enable the study of key observables, including jet momentum broadening, particle production, and parton distribution functions.

We study the production of a quark-antiquark antenna in the presence of a dense and anisotropic QCD medium. We assume the antenna to originate from an unpolarized gluon state, and consider both massless and massive final states. The medium anisotropy is captured by allowing the jet quenching coefficient to take different magnitudes in orthogonal directions with respect to the jet axis. We find that the final particle distribution is sensitive to the medium anisotropy, and more importantly, that this effect couples directly to the helicity/spin of the final states. We propose to look into these effects by performing a Fourier decomposition of the particle distribution inside the jet. In our medium model, we find that the spin independent terms contribute to the even harmonics of the cosine series. The helicity/spin dependence enters only through the sine Fourier series. We further explore the spin dependence by examining the degree of polarization of the final states in different directions. Our results indicate that the anisotropies present in the QCD matter produced in heavy ion collisions can be probed by studying azimuthal and spin observables inside jets., Comment: 33 pages, 7 figures

We first assemble a full set of the Boltzmann Equation in Diffusion Approximation (BEDA) for studying thermalization/hydrodynamization and quark production in out of equilibrium systems. We then discuss thermalization and the production of three flavors of massless quarks in spatially homogeneous systems initially filled only with gluons. A complete parametric understanding for thermalization and quark production is obtained for both initially very dense or dilute systems, which are complemented by detailed numerical simulations. For initial distributions more relevant for heavy-ion collisions, the complete thermal equilibration is found to be significantly delayed by considering quark production., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Ultra-relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (Quark Matter 2023)

We first assemble a full set of the Boltzmann Equation in Diffusion Approximation (BEDA) for studying thermalization/hydrodynamization as well as the production of massless quarks and antiquarks in out of equilibrium systems. In the BEDA, the time evolution of a generic system is characterized by the following space-time dependent quantities: the jet quenching parameter, the effective temperature, and two more for each quark flavor that describe the conversion between gluons and quarks/antiquarks via the $2\leftrightarrow2$ processes. Out of the latter two quantities, an effective net quark chemical potential is defined, which equals the net quark chemical potential after thermal equilibration. We then study thermalization and the production of three flavors of massless quarks and antiquarks in spatially homogeneous systems initially filled only with gluons. A parametric understanding of thermalization and quark production is obtained for either initially very dense or dilute systems, which are complemented by detailed numerical simulations for intermediate values of initial gluon occupancy $f_0$. For a wide range of $f_0$, the final equilibration time is determined to be about one order of magnitude longer than that in the corresponding pure gluon systems. Moreover, during the final stage of the thermalization process for $f_0\geq 10^{-4}$, gluons are found to thermalize earlier than quarks and antiquarks, undergoing the top-down thermalization., Comment: 49 pages, 17 figures

We have developed a non-perturbative light-front Hamiltonian formalism to simulate the real-time evolution of a quark state in a SU(3) colored medium, with a series of works. In this proceeding article, we focus on the transverse momentum broadening of an in-medium quark jet. We perform the numerical simulation of the quark jet evolution in the $\ket{q}+\ket{qg}$ Fock space at various medium densities. By analyzing the resulting jet light-front wavefunction, we extract the gluon emission rate and the non-eikonal quenching parameter. Additionally, we provide the analytical derivation of the eikonal expectation value of the quark-gluon state's transverse momentum for any color configuration and arbitrary spatial distribution. This study can help understand jet momentum broadening beyond the eikonal limit., Comment: Proceeding of Hard Probes 2023

Jets provide one of the primary probes of the quark-gluon plasma produced in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions and the cold nuclear matter explored in deep inelastic scattering experiments. However, despite important developments in the last years, a description of the real-time evolution of QCD jets inside a medium is still far from being complete. In our previous work, we have explored quantum technologies as a promising alternative theoretical laboratory to simulate jet evolution in QCD matter, to overcome inherent technical difficulties in present calculations. Here, we extend our previous investigation from the single particle $|q\rangle$ to the $|q\rangle+|qg\rangle$ Fock space, taking into account gluon production. Based on the light-front Hamiltonian formalism, we construct a digital quantum circuit that tracks the evolution of a multi-particle jet probe in the presence of a medium described as a stochastic color field. Studying the momentum broadening of the jet state, we observe sizable sub-eikonal effects by comparing to eikonal estimates. We also study the medium-induced modifications to the gluon emission probability, which exhibit small corrections compared to the vacuum splitting function. In addition, we study the time evolution of the von-Neumann entropy associated with the quark component; we find that the exponential of the entropy grows linearly in time for the bare quark but super-linearly when taking into account gluon emission., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures

PyPWA is a toolkit designed to optimize parametric models describing data and generate simulated distributions according to a model. Its software has been written within the python ecosystem with the goal of performing Amplitude or Partial Wave Analysis (PWA) in nuclear and particle physics experiments. We briefly describe the general features of amplitude analysis and the PyPWA software design and usage. We provide benchmarks of the scaling and an example of its application.

We calculate the spectrum of gluons sourced by the branching of an energetic quark in the presence of an inhomogeneous QCD medium, focusing on the soft radiation limit. We take into account multiple soft interactions between the partons and matter, treating the transverse variations of its parameters within a gradient expansion. Thus, we derive the general form of the medium induced spectrum up to the first order in gradients, and consider its simplifying limits. In particular, we show that to the leading order in matter gradients and using the harmonic approximation for the scattering potential, the full gluon spectrum can be written in a compact closed form suitable for numerical evaluation. The final gluon transverse momentum tends to align along the anisotropy direction, resulting in a non-trivial azimuthal pattern in the jet substructure., Comment: 28 pages, 3 figures, published version

In this work, we introduce both gluon and quark degrees of freedom for describing the partonic cascades inside the medium. We present numerical solutions for the set of coupled evolution equations with splitting kernels calculated for the static, exponential and Bjorken expanding media to arrive at medium-modified parton spectra for quark and gluon initiated jets respectively. We discuss novel scaling features of the partonic spectra between different types of media. Next, we study the inclusive jet $R_{AA}$ by including phenomenologically driven combinations of quark and gluon fractions inside a jet. In addition, we have also studied the effect of the nPDF as well as vacuum like emissions on the jet $R_{AA}$. Differences among the estimated values of quenching parameter for different types of medium expansions are noted. Next, the impact of the expansion of the medium on the rapidity dependence of the jet $R_{AA}$ as well as jet $v_2$ are studied in detail. Finally, we present qualitative results comparing the sensitivity of the time for the onset of the quenching for the Bjorken profile on these observables. All the quantities calculated are compared with the recent ATLAS data., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figs, Talk at Quark Matter 2022, Krakow; matches accepted version in Acta Physica Polonica B

The recent discovery of the potential of jet quenching observables to constrain the initial stages after a heavy-ion collision makes imperative to have a better understanding of the process of medium-induced radiation before the formation of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and its impact on observables at high-$p_T$. In this work, we generalize the BDMPS-Z framework for medium-induced radiation to account for additional emissions occurring before the creation of the QGP. For simplicity, we assume that during the pre-hydrodynamics phase the hard parton propagates as in vacuum. This set-up, allows us to isolate the contribution from the additional initial radiation by comparing with the usual scenarios in which the emitter is created inside the medium but with different starting points. Using both a numerical implementation of the fully resummed emission spectrum and the usual analytical approximations, we find that replacing an initial slab of the medium by vacuum yields to a significant reduction of the emission spectrum for low radiated gluon energies, while the high-energy tails remain largely unmodified. Finally, we assess the effect of replacing the initial medium by vacuum propagation on the single-inclusive particle suppression $R_{AA}$ and high-$p_T$ azimuthal asymmetry $v_2$. Our findings indicate that considering vacuum propagation prior to hydrodynamization leads to an increase in the $v_2$, thus corroborating the importance of the treatment of jet quenching in the initial stages for the correct description of both observables., Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures. Matches published version in JHEP

QCD jets provide one of the best avenues to extract information about the quark-gluon plasma produced in the aftermath of ultra relativistic heavy ions collisions. The structure of jets is determined by multiparticle quantum interference hard to tackle using perturbative methods. When jets evolve in a QCD medium this interference pattern is modified, adding another layer of complexity. By taking advantage of the recent developments in quantum technologies, such effects might be better understood via direct quantum simulation of jet evolution. In this work, we introduce a precursor to such simulations. Based on the light-front Hamiltonian formalism, we construct a digital quantum circuit that tracks the evolution of a single hard probe in the presence of a stochastic color background. In terms of the jet quenching parameter $\hat q$, the results obtained using classical simulators of ideal quantum computers agree with known analytical results. With this study, we hope to provide a baseline for future in-medium jet physics studies using quantum computers.

In this work, we obtain the leading corrections to the jet momentum broadening distribution in a QCD medium arising from the transverse flow of the matter. We first derive the single-particle propagator of a highly energetic parton resumming its multiple interactions with the homogeneous flowing matter, explicitly keeping the leading subeikonal flow terms. Then, we use this propagator to obtain the jet broadening distribution and its leading moments. We show that this distribution becomes anisotropic in the presence of transverse flow, since its odd moments are generally non-zero and proportional to the transverse velocity of the medium. Finally, we evaluate several odd moments, which we compare to the corresponding results at first order in opacity, showing that accounting for multiple in-medium scatterings is essential to describe some observables in dense nuclear matter., Comment: 29 pages, 2 figures, v2: journal version, references added

We investigate thermalization of gluons in spatially homogeneous systems using the Boltzmann equation in diffusion approximation. A complete picture on thermalization is obtained for both initially under- and over-populated systems. In an initially under-populated system, we find that its soft sector undergoes three stages: overheating, cooling/overcooling and reheating before full thermalization is achieved. In an initially over-populated system, we find that its soft sector only undergoes two stages towards full thermalization: overheating and cooling. The cooling stage is consistently driven by momentum broadening due to multiple elastic collisions, manifest as a non-thermal scaling solution., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, minor changes, version to appear in PLB

In this work, we study the jet momentum broadening in an inhomogeneous dense QCD medium. The transverse profile of this nuclear matter is described within a gradient expansion, and we focus on the leading gradient contributions. The leading parton is allowed to interact multiple times with the background through the soft gluon exchanges. We derive the associated final particle distribution using both the GLV opacity series and the BDMPS-Z formalism. We further discuss the modified factorization of the initial and final state effects and its consequences for phenomenological applications in the context of heavy-ion collisions and deep inelastic scattering. Finally, we present the broadening probability (describing the final state effects) in several limiting regimes, and give its numerical estimates for phenomenologically motivated sets of parameters., Comment: 42 pages, 4 figures, published version

We discuss the recent CMS Collaboration measurement of $W^\pm$ boson production in p+Pb collisions at 8.16 TeV in terms of the constraining power on nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs). The impact of the free-proton PDF uncertainties on the nuclear PDF extraction is quantified by using a theoretical covariance-matrix method and Hessian PDF reweighting. We discuss different ways to mitigate these theoretical uncertainties, including self-normalization, forward-to-backward ratios and nuclear-modification ratios. It is found that none of these methods offer perfect cancellation of the free-proton PDFs but, with the present data uncertainties, the residual free-proton-PDF dependence has, conveniently for the global analyses, little effect on the extraction of the nuclear modifications. Based on a simple estimate of obtainable statistics at the LHC Run 3, we argue that this will change in the near future and it becomes more important to propagate the proton-PDF uncertainties accordingly. Using the obtained information on the correlations of the free-proton uncertainties, we also identify a new charge asymmetry ratio, where the cancellation of the proton-PDF uncertainties is found to be extremely good., Comment: 15 pages, 17 figures

We present an updated global analysis of collinearly factorized nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs) at next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD. In comparison to our previous fit, EPPS16, the present analysis includes more data from proton-lead collisions at the Large Hadron Collider: 5TeV double-differential CMS dijet and LHCb D-meson data, as well as 8TeV CMS W$^\pm$ data. These new data lead to significantly better-constrained gluon distributions at small and intermediate values of the momentum fraction $x$, confirming the presence of shadowing and antishadowing for gluons in large nuclei. In addition, we include Jefferson Lab measurements of deeply inelastic scattering which probe nuclear PDFs at large $x$ and low virtualities. For the first time within the Hessian framework, we now also explore the uncertainties of nuclear PDFs due to the errors in the baseline proton PDFs. We release the results of our analysis as a new public parametrization of nuclear PDFs called EPPS21., Comment: Minor changes to match the published version

In this work we use the all-order resummed solution of the BDMPS-Z spectrum to shed light on the dynamics that controls the in-medium radiation process for each kinematical regime. We find that multiple scatterings are essential to correctly describe the radiation process both in the low and mid-energy regime, while in the high-energy region one single hard scattering is enough. Furthermore, we compute the all-order spectrum when the medium is produced with a time delay with respect to the hard process in which the parent parton was created. The propagation of the hard parton though vacuum before the medium formation induces extra medium-induced radiation which might have an impact on phenomenological analyses., Comment: Proceedings of PANIC2021

The leading order $\alpha_s$ effect in jet quenching corresponds to the broadening of the jet's transverse momentum, due to the multiple interactions with the underlying medium. A complete understanding of momentum broadening is critical for the success of jet quenching phenomenology. In this talk, we introduce a strategy to quantum simulate single particle momentum broadening in a QCD background medium. We argue that it is, in principle, possible to extract the jet quenching parameter $\hat{q}$ from such an algorithm. More importantly, this corresponds to the first step towards simulating full medium induced parton showers, which is far beyond the capabilities of classical computers., Comment: EPS-HEP2021 Proceedings; 9 pages, 4 figures

We report on the progress in updating our global analysis of nuclear PDFs. In particular, we will discuss the inclusion of double differential 5.02 TeV dijet and D-meson measurements, as well as 8.16 TeV W-production data from p-Pb collisions at the LHC. The new EPPS21 analysis will also involve recent JLab data for deep-inelastic scattering. As a novel aspect within our approach, we now also quantify the impact of free-proton PDF uncertainties on our extraction of nuclear PDFs., Comment: v2: Resubmission to SciPost, 8 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings for the XXVIII International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects (DIS2021)

Going beyond the simplified gluonic cascades, we introduce both gluon and quark degrees of freedom for partonic cascades inside the medium. We then solve the set of coupled evolution equations numerically with splitting kernels calculated for static, exponential, and Bjorken expanding media to arrive at medium-modified parton spectra for quark and gluon initiated jets. Using these, we calculate the inclusive jet $R_{AA}$ where the phenomenologically driven combinations of quark and gluon jet fractions are included. Then, the rapidity dependence of the jet $R_{AA}$ is examined. We also study the path-length dependence of jet quenching for different types of expanding media by calculating the jet $v_2$. Additionally, we study the sensitivity of observables on effects from nuclear modification of parton distribution functions, vacuum-like emissions in the plasma, and the time of the onset of the quenching. All calculations are compared with recently measured data., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures

Jet quenching, the modification of the properties of a QCD jet when the parton cascade takes place inside a medium, is an intrinsically quantum process, where color coherence effects play an essential role. Despite a very significant progress in the last years, the simulation of a full quantum medium induced cascade remains inaccessible to classical Monte Carlo parton showers. In this situation, alternative formulations are worth being tried and the fast developments in quantum computing provide a very promising direction. The goal of this paper is to introduce a strategy to quantum simulate single particle momentum broadening, the simplest building block of jet quenching. Momentum broadening is the modification of the quark or gluon transverse momentum due interactions with the underlying medium, modeled as a QCD background field. At the lowest order in $\alpha_s$ that we consider here, momentum broadening does not involve parton splittings and particle number is conserved, greatly simplifying the quantum algorithmic implementation. This quantity is, however, very relevant for the phenomenology of RHIC, LHC or the future EIC., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures

The installation of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) will be essential to promote the acceptance by the users of electric vehicles (EVs). However, if EVCS are exclusively supplied by the grid, negative impacts on its stability together with possible CO2 emission increases could be produced. Introduction of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) for EVCS can cope with both drawbacks by reducing the load on the grid and generating clean electricity. This paper develops a methodology based on a weighted multicriteria process to design the most suitable configuration for HRES in EVCS. This methodology determines the local renewable resources and the EVCS electricity demand. Then, taking into account environmental, economic and technical aspects, it deduces the most adequate HRES design for the EVCS. Besides, an experimental stage to validate the design deduced from the multicriteria process is included. Therefore, the final design for the HRES in EVCS is supported not only by a complete numerical evaluation, but also by an experimental verification of the demand being fully covered. Methodology application to Valencia (Spain) proves that an off-grid HRES with solar PV, wind resources and batteries support would be the most suitable configuration for the system. This solution was also experimentally verified.

Comprehensive understanding of medium-induced radiative energy loss is of a paramount importance in describing observed jet quenching in heavy-ion collisions. In this work, we have calculated the medium-modified gluon splitting rates for different profiles of the expanding partonic medium, namely profiles for static, exponential, and Bjorken expanding medium. Here in this study, we have used the Baier-Dokshitzer-Mueller-Peigne-Schiff-Zakharov (BDMPSZ) formalism for multiple soft scatterings with a time-dependent transport coefficient for characterizing the expanding medium. Using the kinetic rate equation, we have numerically evaluated the distribution of the medium evolved gluon spectra for different medium profiles. We have presented a calculation of the jet $Q_{AA}$ which quantifies a sensitivity of the inclusive jet suppression on the way how the medium expands. Comparisons of predicted jet $Q_{AA}$ with experimental data from the LHC are also presented.

QCD jets produced in heavy-ion collisions at LHC or RHIC energies partially evolve inside the produced hot and dense quark gluon plasma, offering unique opportunities to study QCD splitting processes in different backgrounds. Induced (modified) splittings are expected to be the most relevant mechanism driving the modifications of in-medium jets compared to vacuum jets for a wide sets of observables. Although color coherence among different emitters has been identified as an essential mechanism in studies of the {\it QCD antenna radiation}, it is usually neglected in the multi-gluon medium-induced cascade. This independent gluon emission approximation can be analytically proved to be valid in the limit of very large media, but corrections or modifications to it have not been computed before in the context of the evolution (or rate) equation describing the gluon cascade. We propose a modified evolution equation that includes corrections due to the interference of subsequent emitters. In order to do so, we first compute a modified splitting kernel following the usual procedure of factorizing it from the subsequent Brownian motion. The calculation is performed in the two-gluon configuration with no overlapping formation times, that is expected to provide the first correction to the completely independent picture., Comment: 23 pages, 3 figures; Updated text, same results

We present a study of the impact of the expansion of deconfined medium on single-gluon emission spectra and the jet suppression factor ($Q_{AA}$) within the BDMPS-Z formalism. These quantities are calculated for three types of media (static medium, exponentially decaying medium and Bjorken expanding medium). The distribution of medium-induced gluons and the jet $Q_{AA}$ are calculated using the evaluation of in-medium evolution with splitting kernels derived from the gluon emission spectra. Scaling behavior of splitting kernels is derived for low-x and high-x regimes in the asymptote of large times and its impact on the resulting jet $Q_{AA}$ is discussed. For the full phase space of the radiation, the scaling of jet $Q_{AA}$ with an effective quenching parameter is presented., Comment: 4 pages, 7 figures, 10th International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions (Hard Probes 2020), 1-6 June 2020, Austin, Texas

The evolution of QCD jets under the influence of a dense colored medium leads to the non trivial modification of the gluon emission spectrum. In the multiple soft scattering regime, for sufficiently large media, soft and wide angle emissions can be resummed (in the planar limit of QCD) due to the small formation time of each gluon emission. Similarly to DGLAP evolution, such cascades correspond to pure Markovian processes and interferences between partons are neglected. In this strict limit, color coherence effects are absent. In the vacuum this coherence effect is critical to guarantee that the shower is angular ordered. In the medium, it is known that such color coherence effects might play a role in suppressing radiation at intermediate emission angles. We present a simple procedure to implement color (de)coherence effects into the in-medium evolution equations obtained in the pure Markovian approximation. We verify that the result obtained is in accordance with previous studies regarding the role of in-medium color coherence in the evolution of the QCD antenna. The new evolution equation incorporates a novel emission kernel which enforces color coherence between emitters., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure; 10th International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions

We propose to create a secondary beam of neutral kaons in Hall D at Jefferson Lab to be used with the GlueX experimental setup for strange hadron spectroscopy. The superior CEBAF electron beam will enable a flux on the order of $1\times 10^4~K_L/sec$, which exceeds the flux of that previously attained at SLAC by three orders of magnitude. The use of a deuteron target will provide first measurements ever with neutral kaons on neutrons. The experiment will measure both differential cross sections and self-analyzed polarizations of the produced $\Lambda$, $\Sigma$, $\Xi$, and $\Omega$ hyperons using the GlueX detector at the Jefferson Lab Hall D. The measurements will span CM $\cos\theta$ from $-0.95$ to 0.95 in the range W = 1490 MeV to 2500 MeV. The new data will significantly constrain the partial wave analyses and reduce model-dependent uncertainties in the extraction of the properties and pole positions of the strange hyperon resonances, and establish the orbitally excited multiplets in the spectra of the $\Xi$ and $\Omega$ hyperons. Comparison with the corresponding multiplets in the spectra of the charm and bottom hyperons will provide insight into he accuracy of QCD-based calculations over a large range of masses. The proposed facility will have a defining impact in the strange meson sector through measurements of the final state $K\pi$ system up to 2 GeV invariant mass. This will allow the determination of pole positions and widths of all relevant $K^\ast(K\pi)$ $S$-,$P$-,$D$-,$F$-, and $G$-wave resonances, settle the question of the existence or nonexistence of scalar meson $\kappa/K_0^\ast(700)$ and improve the constrains on their pole parameters. Subsequently improving our knowledge of the low-lying scalar nonet in general., Comment: Final version of the KLF Proposal [C12-19-001] approved by JLab PAC48. The intermediate version of the proposal was posted in arXiv:1707.05284 [hep-ex]. 103 pages, 52 figures, 8 tables, 324 references. Several typos were fixed

The structure of exotic resonances that do not trivially fit the usual quark model expectations has been a matter of intense scientific debate during the last two decades. A possible way of estimating the size of these states is to study their behavior when immersed in QCD matter. Recently, LHCb has measured the relative abundance of the exotic $X(3872)$ over the ordinary $\psi(2S)$. We use the comover interaction model to study the yield of a compact $X(3872)$. To confirm the reliability of the model in high-multiplicity $pp$ collisions, we describe the suppression of excited over ground $\Upsilon$ states. With this at hand, we show that the size of the compact $X(3872)$ would be slightly larger than that of the $\psi(2S)$. If the $X(3872)$ is instead assumed to be a meson molecule of large size, we argue that its evolution in QCD matter should be described via a coalescence model, as suggested by data on deuteron production. We show that the predictions of this model for the $X(3872)$ are in contrast with data., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures. Presentation updated, references added, conclusions unchanged. Version accepted in EPJC

In this work, we present a novel and practical method for generating optical vortices in high-power laser systems. Off-axis spiral phase mirrors are used at oblique angles of incidence in the beam path after amplification and compression allowing for the generation of high-power optical vortices in almost any laser system. An off-axis configuration is possible via modification of the azimuthal gradient of the spiral phase helix and is demonstrated with a simple model using a discrete spiral staircase. This work presents the design, fabrication, and implementation of off-axis spiral phase mirrors in both low and high-power laser systems.

Detailed insight into the interplay between parton energy loss and the way deconfined medium created in heavy-ion collisions expands is of great importance for improving the understanding of the jet quenching phenomenon. In this paper we study the impact of the expansion of deconfined medium on the single-gluon emission spectrum, its resummation and the jet suppression factor ($Q_{AA}$) within the BDMPS-Z formalism. We calculate these quantities for three types of expansion scenarios, namely static, exponentially decaying and Bjorken expanding media. The distribution of medium-induced gluons is calculated using an evolution equation with splitting kernels derived from the gluon emission spectra. A universal behavior of splitting kernels is derived in the regime of soft gluon emissions when evaluated at a common effective evolution time $\tau_{eff}$. Novel scaling features of the resulting gluon distribution and jet $Q_{AA}$ are discussed. For realistic spectra valid beyond the soft-gluon emission limit, where the results are obtained by a numerical solution of the evolution equation, these features are partially replaced by a scaling expected from considering an averaged jet quenching parameter along the trajectory of propagation. Further we show that differences arising from different types of the medium expansion can be to a large extent scaled out by appropriate choice of the quenching parameter. Sizable differences among the values of the quenching parameter for different types of medium expansion point to the importance of the medium expansion for precise modeling of the jet quenching phenomenon., Comment: 26 pages, 9 figures; 1 Table; matches the version accepted for publication in JHEP