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In Table 2, the typical values of the mentioned PbBr2 and PbI2 stock solution densities were given for 100 μL instead of 1 mL. Thus, the stated densities need to be shifted by one decimal place. The new Table 2, therefore, reads as follows, where 0.141 becomes 1.410 g/mL and 0.151 becomes 1.510 g/mL: In the equation to calculate the molarity of the stock solution, an error during formatting occurred. The correct equation is presented below. (Formula Presented).

We report the excellent scintillation properties of MAPbBr3, an organic–inorganic trihalide perovskite (OTP). The characteristic scintillation time constants were determined using pulsed monochromatic 14 keV X-rays from a synchrotron. We find that between 50 and 130 K the MAPbBr3 crystal exhibits a very fast and intense scintillation response, with the fast (τf) and slow (τs) decay components reaching 0.1 and 1 ns, respectively. The light yield of MAPbBr3 is estimated to be 90 000 ± 18 000 ph MeV−1 at 77 K and 116 000 ± 23 000 ph MeV−1 at 8 K.

With a certain amount of serendipity, research on dye sensitized solar cells led to the discovery of metal halide perovskite semiconductors as a solar energy conversion material1,2 that has inspired world wide research activities leading to efficiency increases from about 10 in 20123,4 to now 22 .5 8 Apart from their use as a single junction solar cell technology, metal halide perovskites can be processed as an add on layer onto other solar cells to realize efficient and low cost tandem architectures. The perovskite band gap can be tuned continuously from 1.1 to 3.0 eV by chemical engineering which makes them particularly relevant for multi junction devices.9 12 Experimental demonstrations of efficient tandem devices comprising metal halide perovskites as one13 15 or both10,16 components in a tandem stack highlight the potential for scalable and low cost multi junction devices17 with efficiencies approaching 30 is considered feasible.18,12,19,20 To reach this performance in a perovskite silicon tandem, the ideal band gap of the absorber material in top device should be about 1.7 eV18,12,21 sine silicon has a band gap of 1.1 eV .11,22,23 In this review, we dedicate section I to the discussion of the chemical tunability of metal halide perovskite with a particular focus on absorber materials with absorption onsets around 1.6 eV. Section II reflects on the benefit and role of including cesium Cs highlighting the work by Saliba et al.5,6 as this approach demonstrates a reliable pathway to obtain efficient solution processed metal halide perovskite absorbers with high reproducibility and extended operational device stability. Section III focuses on the state of the art of perovskite photovoltaics as a function of the absorption onset of the absorber layer highlighting materials with band gaps between 1.6 eV 1.75 eV as these are of great importance to the development of efficient tandem solar cells.12,18 20 In the conclusion section IV, we reflect on more general trends in metal halide alloys partially iscussed elsewhere23 highlighting cation alloying as an approach to obtain highly efficient devices in the band gap range between 1.6 and 1.7 eV. The data shown and discussed here is dominantly based on three of our recent publications and the interested reader is kindly referred to Unger et al.23 and Saliba et al.5,6 for more in depth discussions and experimental details.

The aim of this thesis is to develop a deeper understanding and the technology in the nascent field of solid-state organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. In recent years, perovskite materials have emerged as a low-cost, thin-film technology with efficiencies exceeding 16% challenging the quasi-paradigm that high efficiency photovoltaics must come at high costs. This thesis investigates perovskite solar cells in more detail with a focus on incorporating plasmonic nanostructures and perovskite film formation. Chapter 1 motivates the present work further followed by Chapter 2 which offers a brief background for solar cell fabrication and characterisation, perovskites in general, perovskite solar cells in specific, and plasmonics. Chapter 3 presents the field of plasmonics including simulation methods for various core-shell nanostructures such as gold-silica and silver-titania nanoparticles. The following Chapters 4 and 5 analyze plasmonic core-shell metal-dielectric nanoparticles embedded in perovskite solar cells. It is shown that using gold@silica or silver@titania NPs results in enhanced photocurrent and thus increased efficiency. After photoluminescence studies, this effect was attributed to an unexpected phenomenon in solar cells in which a lowered exciton binding energy generates a higher fraction of free charge. Embedding thermally unstable silver NPs required a low-temperature fabrication method which would not melt the Ag NPs. This work offers a new general direction for temperature sensitive elements. In Chapters 6 and 7, perovskite film formation is studied. Chapter 6 shows the existence of a previously unknown crystalline precursor state and an improved surface coverage by introducing a ramped annealing procedure. Based on this, Chapter 7 investigates different perovskite annealing protocols. The main finding was that an additional 130°C flash annealing step changed the film crystallinity dramatically and yielded a higher orientation of the perovskite crystals. The according solar cells showed an increased photocurrent attributed to a decrease in charge carrier recombination at the grain boundaries. Chapter 8 presents on-going work showing noteworthy first results for silica scaffolds, and layered, 2D perovskite structures for application in solar cells.

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Hematologic malignancies are more common among older patients. This age group has historically had worse outcomes when compared with younger counterparts. Despite the success of reduced intensity conditioning (RIC), the number of older patients that undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) after remission is low due to concerns with toxicity and transplant-related mortality (TRM). In this analysis, we aimed to investigate the toxicity and outcome expectations in older patients with hematological malignancies who underwent HSCT at our institution. We retrospectively analyzed 93 consecutive patients with hematological malignancies aged ≥60 who underwent HSCT in complete remission (CR) between 2009 and 2013. Median age was 63 (range, 60-75) and of 93 patients, 35 (37.6%) were older than age ≥ 65. Most patients had AML (n=81, 87%) followed by CLL (n=6, 6%), ALL (n=5, 5%) and other hematological malignancies (n=1, 1%). Disease status at HSCT was first CR (CR1) in 79 (85%) patients. Hematopoietic cell transplant-comorbidity index (HCT-CI) was 0 in 25 (27%), 1-2 in 25 (27%), 3-4 in 26 (28%) and ≥5 in 13 (14%) patients respectively. Donors were matched related (MRD) in 33 (35%), matched unrelated in 48 (52%), haploidentical in 6 and cord blood (CB) in 6 (6%) patients. Conditioning intensity was myeloablative (MAC) in 68 (73%) and reduced intensity (RIC) in 25 (27%). Graft versus host disease prophylaxis was tacrolimus and methotrexate in 70 (75%) patients. Toxicity after HSCT was monitored real-time and coded per National Cancer Institute (NCI) criteria. The median follow-up of 54 survivors was 11 months. The median duration of hospital stay was 31 days (interquartile range (IQR, 23-42). Of 93, 12 patients (12.9%) required intensive care unit admission with a median duration of 5.5 days (IQR, 2-9 days). Organ-specific toxicity by day 100 was minimal as presented in [Figure 1][1]. Of 93, 4 (4%) patients had definite culture positive fungal pneumonia, 39 (41.9%) had CMV reactivation and 38 (40.8) had at least one episode of documented bacterial infection rather than neutropenic fever by day 100. Transplant related mortality (TRM) at day 100 and 1-year was 4% and 18% as presented in Table 1. The primary cause of TRM at day 100 was infection in 2 and acute GVHD in 1 patients. Similarly at 1-year, the most common causes of TRM were infection in 5, aGVHD in 3, chronic GVHD in 3 and cardiac failure in 1 patients. The 1-year cumulative incidence of progression and progression-free survival (PFS) were 31% and 51% respectively. In univariate analyses, age ≥ 65 increased TRM with a hazard ratio (HR) 2.1 (p=0.2). The rate of TRM was similar between MUD and MRD recipients with a HR of 1.6 (p=0.5). Haploidentical and CB recipients were not analyzed separately due to their small sample size. Age ≥ 65 also increased the incidence of progression with a HR of 2.1 but that did not reach statistical significance (p=0.1). For PFS, older age was a poor prognostic factor with a HR of 2.1 (p=0.08). Among AML patients, cytogenetics consistent with monosomal karyotype (MK+) increased incidence of progression compared with core binding factor (CBF) and normal cytogenetics (CN) (CBF/CN) patients with a HR of 3.8 (p=0.01). For PFS, older age (HR of 2.1, p=0.04), and MK+ (HR of 3.8,p=0.01) were poor prognostic factors among AML patients. As presented in [Figure 2][2], 39 patients age

Abstract 4157 Background: We previously reported promising results with nonmyeloablative (NMA) allogeneic transplantation for indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) (Khouri et al, Blood 2012; 119:6373). This strategy is however less effective in aggressive, bulky, chemoresistant, or heavily pre-treated lymphomas. The BEAM-rituximab is a commonly used regimen in transplantation for NHL. Bortezomib has synergistic activity with rituximab, is effective against many NHL subtypes with moderate non-hematologic toxicity; in addition, animal models suggest that pre-transplant bortezomib may reduce the risk of GVHD. We hypothesized that the addition of bortezomib to the conditioning would enhance initial disease control and that remission could be later sustained via the GVL effect of the graft, with lesser GVHD. Methods: We included pts up to 70 yrs, with relapsed/refractory NHL, acceptable organ function, having a matched donor, and who were not eligible for NMA transplantation. Bortezomib was designed to be given iv in an escalated dose of 1.0, 1.3, and 1.6 mg/m2 days-13, -6, - 1 and + 2. Rituximab was given at a dose of 375 mg/m2 on day -13 and 1000 mg/m2 on days -6, +1, and +8, as previously described. BEAM consisted of carmustine 300 mg/m2day-6, cytarabine 100 mg/m2 and etoposide 100 mg/m2 twice/day, days -5 to -2, and melphalan100 mg/m2 on day-1. Tacrolimus and methotrexate was used for GVHD prophylaxis. In addition, thymoglobulin of 1 mg/kg was given on days -2, and -1 in pts receiving an unrelated donor. Results: The study included 35 pts [Aggressive DLBCL=20, Indolent (CLL/FL with aggressive features =15)]. All pts had relapsed disease after the best conventional therapy (-ies) available. Median age was 53 (range, 22–65) years. Median prior treatments were 3 (range, 1–7). At transplant, 14 pts (51%) had refractory disease and 23 (66%) were PET+. Twenty-two pts (63%) received their transplants from HLA-compatible siblings (Sibs) and 13 (37%) from unrelated donors (MUDs). Bortezomib could not be escalated beyond the initial 1.0 mg/m2 per dose due to toxicity (2 of 3 pts treated at 1.3 mg/m2 died of sepsis related to C.Difficile; since then all pts received flagyl prophylaxis till engraftment). Blood was the source of donor graft in 97% of pts. All pts engrafted donor cells. Median donor T cells at day 30 were 100%. With a median follow-up time of 24.5 months (range, 5–49), the OS for the aggressive and indolent histologies were 58% and 44%, respectively (p=0.5); PFS rates were 32% in both. Determinants of outcomes were related to donor type, and age. In pts 50 yrs, the 2-years OS and PFS for sibs were 62% and 45%, respectively, vs 0% for the MUDs (Fig 1). There was no difference in pts and disease characteristics, or histology distribution between the 4 groups. In pts < 50 yrs, 2-year treatment-related mortality in Sibs and MUDs was 22% and 17% (p=0.9); whereas the incidence was significantly higher in >50 yrs pts receiving MUDs (62% vs 37%, p=0.03). This difference may be related to a higher incidence in acute 2–4 GVHD in >50 yrs pts receiving MUDs transplants (62% vs 33% in pts >50yrs receiving Sibs transplants). In Conclusions: Our results suggest that in pts with high-risk NHL and who were not eligible for NMA allogeneic transplantation, the bortezomib-BEAM-rituximab conditioning has promising PFS rates of 40% at 2-years in pts younger than 50 yrs. Alternative strategies are needed for pts >50 yrs, receiving an unrelated donor transplant. Results warrant further study and refinement. Disclosures: Khouri: Millenium Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding.