20,440 results on '"Salient"'
Search Results
2. Enhancing Deep Edge Detection through Normalized Hadamard-Product Fusion.
- Author
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Hu, Gang and Saeli, Conner
- Subjects
NOISE - Abstract
Deep edge detection is challenging, especially with the existing methods, like HED (holistic edge detection). These methods combine multiple feature side outputs (SOs) to create the final edge map, but they neglect diverse edge importance within one output. This creates a problem: to include desired edges, unwanted noise must also be accepted. As a result, the output often has increased noise or thick edges, ignoring important boundaries. To address this, we propose a new approach called the normalized Hadamard-product (NHP) operation-based deep network for edge detection. By multiplying the side outputs from the backbone network, the Hadamard-product operation encourages agreement among features across different scales while suppressing disagreed weak signals. This method produces additional Mutually Agreed Salient Edge (MASE) maps to enrich the hierarchical level of side outputs without adding complexity. Our experiments demonstrate that the NHP operation significantly improves performance, e.g., an ODS score reaching 0.818 on BSDS500, outperforming human performance (0.803), achieving state-of-the-art results in deep edge detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. An empirical study on the development of metaphorical comprehension of Chinese children.
- Author
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Lulu Cheng, Yingming Guan, Ting Zhang, Linlin Zhan, Yanqin Liu, Peng Wang, Shanshan Yu, and Yule Peng
- Subjects
CHINESE people ,COMPREHENSION in children ,CHILDREN with disabilities ,AUTISM spectrum disorders ,CHILDREN'S language ,EMPIRICAL research - Abstract
Metaphor affects how people focus, remember, and process information and significantly influences children's language development. The study explored metaphorical comprehension by Chinese children of different ages (5-8 years). We collected response times and accuracy rates when they processed metaphorical and literal sentences with the graded salience. Linear mixed-effects modeling showed that Chinese children's metaphorical ability improved with age. Subsequent analysis found that the perception period of metaphorical knowledge was at age 5, the development stage of metaphorical knowledge was at age 6 and 7, and the rational decision period of metaphorical ability was at age 8. After 8-year-old, children can invoke the knowledge of the intention schema while activating the source domain, and this knowledge can be automatically and quickly mapped to the target domain. Meanwhile, language development and cognitive processing influenced the metaphorical comprehension of Chinese children, especially children of 8 years of age who had the highest correct rate and the shortest reaction time to process low-saliency metaphorical sentences, while 5-year-old children had the highest accuracy in high-saliency metaphorical sentence and 6-year-old children got the longest reaction time to process sentence in high-saliency metaphor. This study may provide evidence for improving and training metaphor comprehension in children with special needs such as those with an autism spectrum disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Climate-Driven Wave Analysis Reveals Changes in Alongshore Sediment Transport: The Case of the Coastal Zone of a Harbor in Thermaikos Bay (NW Aegean Sea)
- Author
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Christos Ntafloukas and Yiannis Savvidis
- Subjects
alongshore sediment transport ,salient ,Neoi Epivates ,Thermaikos bay ,coastal engineering projects ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
The sediment transport along a coastal zone of Thermaikos Bay and the interaction with the coastline were studied in the present research. This study concerns the greater basin of an existing breakwater, for which the sand transport during the time periods 1950–1968 and 2009–2017, before and after the construction of the breakwater, were examined. The breakwater led to sand accumulation behind it, causing the well-known phenomenon of salient. It was revealed that climate change, in terms of wind conditions, significantly affected sediment transport; more specifically, the sand transport during 2009–2017 not only decreased significantly, but also changed its direction, in relation to 1950–1968. Based on the information obtained, technical interventions are proposed for the interception of sediment transport and the consequent accumulation of sand behind the breakwater.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Morphological Changes of a Sandy Beach Under Influence of a Breakwater
- Author
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Leont’yev, I. O., Akivis, T. M., Litvin, Yuri, Series Editor, Jiménez-Franco, Abigail, Series Editor, and Chaplina, Tatiana, Series Editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Trade-off independent image watermarking using enhanced structured matrix decomposition
- Author
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Khan, Ahmed, Wong, KokSheik, and Baskaran, Vishnu Monn
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Enhancing Deep Edge Detection through Normalized Hadamard-Product Fusion
- Author
-
Gang Hu and Conner Saeli
- Subjects
edge detection ,Hadamard product ,mutual agreement ,salient ,fusion ,deep network ,Photography ,TR1-1050 ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
Deep edge detection is challenging, especially with the existing methods, like HED (holistic edge detection). These methods combine multiple feature side outputs (SOs) to create the final edge map, but they neglect diverse edge importance within one output. This creates a problem: to include desired edges, unwanted noise must also be accepted. As a result, the output often has increased noise or thick edges, ignoring important boundaries. To address this, we propose a new approach called the normalized Hadamard-product (NHP) operation-based deep network for edge detection. By multiplying the side outputs from the backbone network, the Hadamard-product operation encourages agreement among features across different scales while suppressing disagreed weak signals. This method produces additional Mutually Agreed Salient Edge (MASE) maps to enrich the hierarchical level of side outputs without adding complexity. Our experiments demonstrate that the NHP operation significantly improves performance, e.g., an ODS score reaching 0.818 on BSDS500, outperforming human performance (0.803), achieving state-of-the-art results in deep edge detection.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A Multi Moving Target Recognition Algorithm Based on Remote Sensing Video.
- Author
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Huanhuan Zheng, Yuxiu Bai, and Yurun Tian
- Subjects
REMOTE sensing ,CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,ALGORITHMS ,INFORMATION networks ,MARKOV random fields - Abstract
The Earth observation remote sensing images can display ground activities and status intuitively, which plays an important role in civil and military fields. However, the information obtained from the research only from the perspective of images is limited, so in this paper we conduct research from the perspective of video. At present, the main problems faced when using a computer to identify remote sensing images are: They are difficult to build a fixed regular model of the target due to their weak moving regularity. Additionally, the number of pixels occupied by the target is not enough for accurate detection. However, the number of moving targets is large at the same time. In this case, the main targets cannot be recognized completely. This paper studies from the perspective of Gestalt vision, transforms the problem of moving target detection into the problem of salient region probability, and forms a Saliency map algorithm to extract moving targets. On this basis, a convolutional neural network with global information is constructed to identify and label the target. And the experimental results show that the algorithm can extract moving targets and realize moving target recognition under many complex conditions such as target's long-term stay and small-amplitude movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. 'Silent Wars' Between Migrants’ Children and Teachers, Teachers and Migrant Parents: Gendered 'War'
- Author
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Matsa, Winniefridah and Matsa, Winniefridah
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The Role of Sea State to the Morphological Changes of Prasonisi Tombolo, Rhodes Island, Greece.
- Author
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Malliouri, Dimitra I., Petrakis, Stelios, Vandarakis, Dimitris, Kikaki, Katerina, Hatiris, Georgios-Angelos, Gad, Fragkiska-Karmela, Panagiotopoulos, Ioannis P., and Kapsimalis, Vasilios
- Subjects
COASTAL engineering ,WATER waves ,IMAGE analysis ,REMOTE-sensing images ,NUMERICAL analysis ,OCEAN waves - Abstract
Wave-induced morphodynamic processes that cause formation, preservation, and destruction of the Prasonisi tombolo in Rhodes Island are investigated, based on satellite image analysis and numerical modeling. A new method is developed for extracting wave events that consist of successive wave data of similar characteristics. The wave events refer either to wind seas or swell seas. This process combined with the satellite image analysis is then utilized for the derivation of the most representative wave scenarios that affect tombolo and salient formation. In particular, the main factors that play a significant role in tombolo and salient evolution are the offshore wave conditions, the location and width of the surf zone, the maximum value of the wave breaking index in the study area, and the initial bottom bathymetry before the study area is exposed to a new sea state. In general, the proposed method provides a realistic insight into tombolo morphodynamics and can be used to provide a cost-effective approach and a wave data-reduction technique for coastal engineering studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Initial morphological responses of coastal beaches to a mega offshore artificial island.
- Author
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Liu, Gen, Qi, Hongshuai, Cai, Feng, Zhu, Jun, Zhao, Shaohua, Liu, Jianhui, Lei, Gang, Cao, Chao, He, Yanyu, and Xiao, Zheyu
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL islands ,SHORELINES ,BEACHES ,SHORELINE monitoring ,COASTAL sediments ,COASTAL zone management ,SEDIMENT transport - Abstract
Mega offshore artificial islands (MOAIs) can lead to large‐scale and significant coastal responses, which have been poorly documented. In this study, coastal changes of an 8 km‐long beach along Haikou Bay, China, were analysed to advance the understanding of the potential morphological responses to a MOAI with a diameter of 2.3 km. Field surveys of beach profiles and shorelines in different years were used to reveal the initial coastal changes after the construction of the MOAI. The results showed that the beach in the leeside of the MOAI accreted seaward, whereas the adjacent beaches retreated, which was revealed to be closely related to the alteration in longshore sediment transport patterns induced by the presence of the MOAI. As predicted by empirical equations, a large salient (hundreds of metres of amplitude) rather than a tombolo would be formed on the leeside of the MOAI if there is sufficient sediment supply. From the initial morphological observation, it was indicated that the final total beach length affected by this MOAI will be larger than 6200 m. However, based on predictive equations derived from small‐scale offshore obstacles (SCOOs), this value was less than 6200 m. It is likely that the geometric properties induced by MOAIs may not be estimated by these empirical equations derived from SCOOs. Moreover, a great difference in salient equilibrium time was highlighted between them. The timescale of salient equilibrium for this MOAI was likely on an order of hundred years of magnitude, while that for SCOOs were generally less than 10 years, which was related to the water depth of the obstacle position. This study provides new insights into the differences in coastal change between the MOAI and SCOOs and will help local governments adopt appropriate coastal sediment management strategies from a regional scale and a longer timescale in the face of increasing human activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Human Attribute Classification for Re-identification Across Non-overlapping Cameras
- Author
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Gao, Wen Jun Calvin, Keong, Poh Say, Shen, Bingquan, Guo, Huaqun, editor, Ren, Hongliang, editor, and Bandla, Aishwarya, editor
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Synchronous Machine Model Including Damper
- Author
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Skala, Bohumil, Kindl, Vladimir, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory editor, Březina, Tomáš, editor, and Jabłoński, Ryszard, editor
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Dynamics of beach scarp formation behind detached breakwaters.
- Author
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Nakamura, Ryota, Ohizumi, Kota, Ishibashi, Kunihiko, Katayama, Daichi, and Aoki, Yudai
- Subjects
- *
BEACHES , *BREAKWATERS , *SHORELINE monitoring , *WATER waves , *AERIAL photogrammetry , *BEACH nourishment , *DRONE aircraft , *WATER levels - Abstract
Detached (offshore) breakwaters are widely used as beach stabilization measures. However, there is potential for erosion at the openings between detached breakwaters, which may result in the formation of beach scarps. This study evaluated the formation of beach scarps around breakwaters using field surveys and numerical simulations. The evaluation was conducted using a combination of a recent advanced field survey method and a numerical modelling system combining GPV-MSM, SWAN, and XBeach. The unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry results revealed the height of the beach scarp generated behind the detached breakwaters to be approximately 3.0 m at Aoyama beach, Niigata coast, Japan, although sand deposition occurred below sea level towards the detached breakwaters. The numerical simulation using the results of the field survey showed that a combination of high waves and increased water level owing to radiation stress between the shoreline and breakwaters resulted in a steeper slope in the beach morphology. Second, avalanching occurred on the beach, leading to the formation of beach scarps. This study showed that detached breakwaters may lead to high water levels, resulting in the generation of beach scarps behind the breakwaters. This study implied that large beach scarps can be generated even when detached breakwaters are constructed. • Evaluation of formation of beach scarps around detached breakwaters. • Study conducted based on field surveys and numerical simulations. • Unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry to determine height of generated beach scarp. • High waves and increased water level increased slope on beach morphology. • Avalanches on beach resulted in beach scarp formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The Role of Sea State to the Morphological Changes of Prasonisi Tombolo, Rhodes Island, Greece
- Author
-
Dimitra I. Malliouri, Stelios Petrakis, Dimitris Vandarakis, Katerina Kikaki, Georgios-Angelos Hatiris, Fragkiska-Karmela Gad, Ioannis P. Panagiotopoulos, and Vasilios Kapsimalis
- Subjects
tombolo ,salient ,wind-wave events ,swell events ,sea bottom evolution ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
Wave-induced morphodynamic processes that cause formation, preservation, and destruction of the Prasonisi tombolo in Rhodes Island are investigated, based on satellite image analysis and numerical modeling. A new method is developed for extracting wave events that consist of successive wave data of similar characteristics. The wave events refer either to wind seas or swell seas. This process combined with the satellite image analysis is then utilized for the derivation of the most representative wave scenarios that affect tombolo and salient formation. In particular, the main factors that play a significant role in tombolo and salient evolution are the offshore wave conditions, the location and width of the surf zone, the maximum value of the wave breaking index in the study area, and the initial bottom bathymetry before the study area is exposed to a new sea state. In general, the proposed method provides a realistic insight into tombolo morphodynamics and can be used to provide a cost-effective approach and a wave data-reduction technique for coastal engineering studies.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Early voting experiences and habit formation
- Author
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Mark N. Franklin, Elias Dinas, Vicente Valentim, and Nikolaj Broberg
- Subjects
Early voting ,Presidential system ,Sociology and Political Science ,Salient ,Voting ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political Science and International Relations ,Voting behavior ,Turnout ,Psychology ,Affect (psychology) ,Social psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Research has shown that first-time voting experiences affect subsequent voting behavior, with salient elections boosting subsequent turnout and non-salient ones suppressing it. We challenge this view. Following research on the context-dependent nature of habit formation, we argue that all elections should affect subsequent turnout in elections of the same type. Comparing individuals that differ only in how salient their first eligible election was (Presidential or Midterm), we find support for this expectation. Individuals are more likely to vote for, and be interested in, elections of the same type as their first voting experience. Leveraging voting age laws in the US, we also show that such laws affect subsequent participation by changing the type of election individuals are first eligible for.
- Published
- 2023
17. Detection and Segmentation of Nodules in Chest Radiographs Based on Lifetime Approach
- Author
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Ture, Hayati, Kayikcioglu, Temel, Magjarevic, Ratko, Editor-in-chief, Ładyżyński, Piotr, Series editor, Ibrahim, Fatimah, Series editor, Lacković, Igor, Series editor, Rock, Emilio Sacristan, Series editor, and Badnjevic, Almir, editor
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. The closing educational gap in e-privacy management in European perspective
- Author
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Peter Achterberg, Angelica Maineri, Ruud Luijkx, and Sociology
- Subjects
Knowledge management ,Sociology and Political Science ,INFORMATION ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Control (management) ,050801 communication & media studies ,educational gaps ,Diffusion of innovations ,DIVIDE ,INTERNET SKILLS ,DIGITAL INEQUALITIES ,0508 media and communications ,AGE ,digital divide ,diffusion of innovations ,Reflexivity ,050602 political science & public administration ,Sociology ,ATTITUDES ,Digital divide ,media_common ,business.industry ,Self ,05 social sciences ,Perspective (graphical) ,Closing (real estate) ,reflexivity ,0506 political science ,Salient ,FACEBOOK ,business ,BEHAVIOR ,e-privacy - Abstract
Educational gaps are increasingly salient as skills and knowledge gain prominence in digital societies. E-privacy management, namely, the ability to control the flow of information about the self, is an important asset nowadays, since a skillful use of digital technologies enables full participation in social life and limits the exposure to unwarranted algorithmic processes. We investigate whether and why education affects e-privacy management, and whether the educational gaps vary following a country’s degree of digitalization. We empirically test two sets of mechanisms, one derived from the digital divide and diffusion of innovations theories and the other from the reflexive modernization theory. The study employs Eurobarometer 87.1 data ( N = 21,177), collected in 2017 among representative samples from 28 European countries, and uses multilevel linear regression model. Findings suggest that the years spent in education positively affect e-privacy management, and that this effect is largely mediated by digital skills and Internet use, and to a lesser extent by a reflexive mind-set. The educational gap in e-privacy management narrows in more digitalized countries.
- Published
- 2023
19. PANet: Patch-Aware Network for Light Field Salient Object Detection
- Author
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Yongri Piao, Jian Wang, Yongyao Jiang, Huchuan Lu, and Miao Zhang
- Subjects
Computer science ,business.industry ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Process (computing) ,Boundary (topology) ,Computer Science Applications ,Human-Computer Interaction ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Salient ,Feature (computer vision) ,Position (vector) ,Benchmark (computing) ,Code (cryptography) ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Software ,Light field ,Information Systems - Abstract
Most existing light field saliency detection methods have achieved great success by exploiting unique light field data-focus information in focal slices. However, they process light field data in a slicewise way, leading to suboptimal results because the relative contribution of different regions in focal slices is ignored. How we can comprehensively explore and integrate focused saliency regions that would positively contribute to accurate saliency detection. Answering this question inspires us to develop a new insight. In this article, we propose a patch-aware network to explore light field data in a regionwise way. First, we excavate focused salient regions with a proposed multisource learning module (MSLM), which generates a filtering strategy for integration followed by three guidances based on saliency, boundary, and position. Second, we design a sharpness recognition module (SRM) to refine and update this strategy and perform feature integration. With our proposed MSLM and SRM, we can obtain more accurate and complete saliency maps. Comprehensive experiments on three benchmark datasets prove that our proposed method achieves competitive performance over 2-D, 3-D, and 4-D salient object detection methods. The code and results of our method are available at https://github.com/OIPLab-DUT/IEEE-TCYB-PANet.
- Published
- 2023
20. Robust Video-Based Person Re-Identification by Hierarchical Mining
- Author
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Jiashi Feng, Xiaoguang Tu, Zhikang Wang, Jian Zhao, Xinbo Gao, Lihuo He, and Sheng Mei Shen
- Subjects
Cover (telecommunications) ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Process (computing) ,Pattern recognition ,Pedestrian ,Benchmarking ,Viewpoints ,Salient ,Component (UML) ,Media Technology ,Generalizability theory ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business - Abstract
Video-based person re-identification (Re-ID) aims at retrieving the person through the video sequences across non-overlapping cameras. Some characteristics of pedestrians are not consecutive across frames due to the variations of viewpoints, postures, and occlusions over time. However, existing methods ignore such data peculiarity and the networks tend to only learn those salient consecutive characteristics among frames in video sequences. As a result, the learned representations fail to cover all the characteristics of pedestrians, thus lacking integrity and discrimination. To tackle this problem, we present a novel deep architecture termed Hierarchical Mining Network (HMN), which mines as many pedestrians’ characteristics by referring to the temporal and intra-class knowledge. It consists of a novel Attentive Temporal Module (ATM) and a Dynamic Supervising Branch (DSB), with a Balancing Triplet Loss (BTL) assisting the training. The proposed ATM, with pedestrian perceiving capacity, is capable of evaluating each activation of features through temporal analysis, so that the temporally scattered characteristics of pedestrians can be better aggregated and the contaminated ones can be eliminated. Then, the DSB along with the BTL further enhances the integrity of representations by multiple supervision. Specifically, the DSB perceives the diversities of intra-class samples in each mini-batch and generates targeted supervising signals for them, in which process the BTL guarantees the signals with smaller intra-class variations and larger inter-class variations. Comprehensive experiments on two video-based datasets, i.e., MARS, and DukeMTMC-VideoReID, demonstrate the contribution of each component and the superiority of the proposed HMN over the state-of-the-arts. Benchmarking our model on three popular image-based datasets, i.e., Market1501, DukeMTMC-Reid, and MSMT17 additionally verifies the promising generalizability of the proposed DSB and BTL.
- Published
- 2022
21. Efficient Modeling of Complex Sandy Coastal Evolution at Monthly to Century Time Scales
- Author
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Dano Roelvink, Bas Huisman, Ahmed Elghandour, Mohamed Ghonim, and Johan Reyns
- Subjects
coastal evolution ,coastline model ,spit ,barrier ,salient ,tombolo ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
With large-scale human interventions and climate change unfolding as they are now, coastal changes at decadal timescales are not limited to incremental modifications of systems that are fixed in their general geometry, but often show significant changes in layout that may be catastrophic for populations living in previously safe areas. This poses severe challenges that are difficult to meet for existing models. A new free-form coastline model, ShorelineS, is presented that is able to describe large coastal transformations based on relatively simple principles of alongshore transport gradient driven changes as a result of coastline curvature, including under highly obliquely incident waves, and consideration of splitting and merging of coastlines, and longshore transport disturbance by hard structures. An arbitrary number of coast sections is supported, which can be open or closed and can interact with each other through relatively straightforward merging and splitting mechanisms. Rocky parts or structures may block wave energy and/or longshore sediment transport. These features allow for a rich behavior including shoreline undulations and formation of spits, migrating islands, merging of coastal shapes, salients and tombolos. The main formulations of the (open-source) model, which is freely available at www.shorelines.nl, are presented. Test cases show the capabilities of the flexible, vector-based model approach, while field validation cases for a large-scale sand nourishment (the Sand Engine; 21 million m3) and an accreting groin scheme at Al-Gamil (Egypt) show the model’s capability of computing realistic rates of coastline change as well as a good representation of the shoreline shape for real situations.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Salient Object Detection in Noisy Images
- Author
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Kumar, Nitin, Singh, Maheep, Govil, M. C., Pilli, E. S., Jaiswal, Ajay, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Khoury, Richard, editor, and Drummond, Christopher, editor
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA): A quantitative evaluation of key provisions
- Author
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Teegawende H. Zeida
- Subjects
Entrepreneurship ,Economics and Econometrics ,Labour economics ,Inequality ,Short run ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Tax reform ,Human capital ,Incentive ,Margin (finance) ,Economic inequality ,Salient ,Key (cryptography) ,Economics ,media_common - Abstract
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) significantly altered how business income is taxed in the US. This paper provides a quantitative assessment of the distributional and macroeconomic effects of the TCJA, both in the short run and in the long run, using a life-cycle model with occupational choice and accumulation of entrepreneurial human capital. When salient provisions of the TCJA are implemented, the economy experiences an increase of 0.20 and 0.5 percentage points in annual GDP and capital stock growth for the first decade 2018-2027, respectively. However, economic inequality increases across and within occupations under the TCJA. The provisions affect the incentives for individuals to save, making the occupational choice extensive margin critically important in analyzing the potential impacts of the new tax reform.
- Published
- 2022
24. STEG-Net: Spatiotemporal Edge Guidance Network for Video Salient Object Detection
- Author
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Jianguo Jiang, Di Lu, Hongbo Bi, Lina Yang, and Hui-Hui Zhu
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,Pattern recognition ,Salient object detection ,Texture (music) ,Net (mathematics) ,Object (computer science) ,Global information ,Artificial Intelligence ,Salient ,Artificial intelligence ,Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution ,business ,Software - Abstract
Over the past decades, video salient object detection has achieved rapid development. However, the effect of edge information on spatial and temporal features extraction has not been explored. The method STEG-Net is proposed to solve the problem, we use the extracted edge information to guide the extrction of spatial and temporal features simultaneously. We combine deep texture information with shallow edge information, which can not only retain the edge of the object but also enhance the global information, leading to the more accurate location of the object. At the same time, the shallow edge information and the deep texture information are complementary. As a result, edge information and salient features could advance each other while extracting features. Finally, we evaluate the 16 state-of-the-art VSOD methods on ViSal and FBMS datasets. At the same time we also evaluate the 13 state-of-the-art VSOD methods on UVSD and MCL datasets. The experiment results indicate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.
- Published
- 2022
25. Massive-Scale Aerial Photo Categorization by Cross-Resolution Visual Perception Enhancement
- Author
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Xiaoqin Zhang, Ling Shao, Zhang Luming, and Mingliang Xu
- Subjects
Visual perception ,Computer Networks and Communications ,business.industry ,Computer science ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Context (language use) ,Reflectivity ,Computer Science Applications ,Aerial photography ,Artificial Intelligence ,Salient ,Feature (computer vision) ,Visual Perception ,Humans ,Computer vision ,Neural Networks, Computer ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Algorithms ,Vision, Ocular ,Software ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS - Abstract
Categorizing aerial photographs with varied weather/lighting conditions and sophisticated geomorphic factors is a key module in autonomous navigation, environmental evaluation, and so on. Previous image recognizers cannot fulfill this task due to three challenges: 1) localizing visually/semantically salient regions within each aerial photograph in a weakly annotated context due to the unaffordable human resources required for pixel-level annotation; 2) aerial photographs are generally with multiple informative attributes (e.g., clarity and reflectivity), and we have to encode them for better aerial photograph modeling; and 3) designing a cross-domain knowledge transferal module to enhance aerial photograph perception since multiresolution aerial photographs are taken asynchronistically and are mutually complementary. To handle the above problems, we propose to optimize aerial photograph's feature learning by leveraging the low-resolution spatial composition to enhance the deep learning of perceptual features with a high resolution. More specifically, we first extract many BING-based object patches (Cheng et al., 2014) from each aerial photograph. A weakly supervised ranking algorithm selects a few semantically salient ones by seamlessly incorporating multiple aerial photograph attributes. Toward an interpretable aerial photograph recognizer indicative to human visual perception, we construct a gaze shifting path (GSP) by linking the top-ranking object patches and, subsequently, derive the deep GSP feature. Finally, a cross-domain multilabel SVM is formulated to categorize each aerial photograph. It leverages the global feature from low-resolution counterparts to optimize the deep GSP feature from a high-resolution aerial photograph. Comparative results on our compiled million-scale aerial photograph set have demonstrated the competitiveness of our approach. Besides, the eye-tracking experiment has shown that our ranking-based GSPs are over 92% consistent with the real human gaze shifting sequences.
- Published
- 2022
26. Happisburgh to Winterton sea defences : effects of shore-parallel breakwaters on beach morphology
- Author
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Thomalla, Frank
- Subjects
551.46 ,Sediment ,Salient ,Sand ,Currents ,Waves - Published
- 1999
27. Constructing academic hierarchies
- Author
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Vally Lytra
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Opposition (planets) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Identity (social science) ,Peer group ,Language and Linguistics ,Philosophy ,Negotiation ,Salient ,Multiculturalism ,Situated ,Sociology ,Construct (philosophy) ,Social psychology ,media_common - Abstract
In this paper I look at how through the use of teasing as a socially recurrent activity the members of a multilingual, multicultural and multiethnic peer group (comprised of majority Greek and minority Turkish-speaking children of Roma heritage) make particular identity ascriptions and displays salient and position themselves and others in particular ways in peer talk during break-time in an Athens primary school. Taking as a point of departure that identities are produced relationally, through systems of opposition (Barth 1969), the paper deals with how members of this school-based peer group exploit teasing as a versatile discursive device to construct one particular peer as a “poor” pupil and themselves by extension as “good” pupils in talk-in-interaction. The focus on the situated and relational construction of identity makes visible how children position themselves with regard to others in order to construct academic hierarchies. At the same time, it brings to the fore how through such positionings children may reproduce but also challenge powerful institutional discourses of academic success and failure in circulation in the classroom by negotiating identity options closer to their peer concerns. These processes of identity construction demonstrate how social selves are produced in interaction through contestation and collaboration and how identities may be simultaneously chosen and imposed through language use.
- Published
- 2022
28. Contexts and meanings of Japanese speech styles
- Author
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Yumiko Enyo
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Honorific ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Identity (social science) ,Context (language use) ,Language and Linguistics ,Linguistics ,Feature (linguistics) ,Philosophy ,Salient ,Club ,Function (engineering) ,Psychology ,Indexicality ,media_common - Abstract
Interactants’ non-reciprocal use of Japanese speech styles, i.e., the addressee honorific masu form and the non-honorific plain form, is frequently treated as the salient feature constituting speakers’ hierarchical identities. The hierarchical identities in question in this study are senpai-koohai ‘senior-junior’relationships among Japanese college students. The paper presents analyses that demonstrate that the construction of these hierarchical relationships depends on context. The data derive from nine hours of audio recordings of dyadic and multiparty interactions among college students at the meetings of an extracurricular club. Conceptualizing on-stage and off-stage as frames of talk that function as context in this data set, the study finds that hierarchical identities are not foregrounded during on-stage talk, but can be foregrounded during off-stage talk when the participants’ club roles are not foregrounded; the use of non-reciprocal speech styles that lead to hierarchical identity construction is observed in this situation. On the other hand, hierarchical identities are backgrounded during on-stage talk when the participants’ club roles are foregrounded. The use of the addressee honorific masu form in this situation indexes that the speaker is engaged in a club role, such as discussion leader or participant.
- Published
- 2022
29. Do hedges always hedge?
- Author
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Magdalena Adamczyk
- Subjects
Register (sociolinguistics) ,Linguistics and Language ,Philosophy ,Computer science ,Corpus linguistics ,Salient ,Discourse analysis ,Reflexivity ,Language and Linguistics ,Linguistics ,Utterance ,Word (computer architecture) ,Focus (linguistics) - Abstract
One of the canonical uses of jakby in Polish is that of the Lakoffian hedge, which modifies the propositional content of an utterance by pointing to its fuzziness, inexactitude or approximation. In conversational speech the word is frequently put to excessive use, which appears to significantly deviate from the prescribed one, and as such deserves closer attention. The aim of the present study, which makes use of corpus linguistics tools to collect naturally-occurring data and discourse analysis framework to manually examine them, is twofold. Initially, it sets out to examine the linguistic contexts of jakby, which are assumed to furnish valuable guidelines for sifting out the prototypical uses of the word from the innovative ones. Next, the focus shifts onto indentifying context-sensitive functions of the latter in highly diversified stretches of discourse. The research findings demonstrate that the cotextual settings of the non-canonical jakby exhibit a number of distinctive characteristics, such as frequent co-occurrence of the word with pragmatic markers, reflexive discourse and unfilled pauses, all indicative of its relatively tenuous link with the neighbouring portions of text. As regards the functions of the unconventional jakby, the word emerges as a pragmatically multifunctional yet no longer hedging device, capable of, among others, facilitating floor-holding/-grabbing, helping to plan discourse, marking register clash and introducing elaboration on prior thought. Rich in pragmatic functions and syntactically more detached from the adjacent textual material than its canonical base, the investigated jakby appears to fit into the category of propositionally empty yet strategically salient pragmatic markers.
- Published
- 2022
30. Complementary stylistic resonance in Japanese play framing
- Author
-
Hiroko Takanashi
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cognition ,Persona ,Language and Linguistics ,Linguistics ,Philosophy ,Framing (social sciences) ,Salient ,Social relationship ,Wife ,Ideology ,Local language ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Building on the theoretical frameworks of frame and stance, this paper aims to demonstrate how play framing is manipulated in culturally meaningful contexts of Japanese conversations among friends and to show the consequences it brings to social life. This study particularly focuses on speech style shifts across speakers as one of the linguistic play-framing devices. The notion of “complementary stylistic resonance” as a special kind of pragmatic resonance is introduced to investigate how speech participants meta-linguistically signal their common stance of constructing a play frame. It was observed that in play they characteristically use the speech style of each imagined persona in a complementary social relationship such as “teacher and student,” “husband and wife,” and “American male and female in the dubbing register.” The ideologies of those dichotomized social roles are spontaneously evoked between the speakers through meta-language practice, resulting in solidifying their ideologies. Furthermore, in play, speech styles of those social roles are exaggerated and maximally contrasted within the pairs so that their identities are easily recognized by the speech partners to successfully co-construct the play at hand and to enhance its humorous effects. Although there may be a gap between ideology and reality, complementary stylistic resonance in play helps speech participants reconstruct their language ideologies of socially salient roles in local language practice, which serves as the concrete and dynamic ground for the process of recreating a larger cognitive and interactive dimension of culture.
- Published
- 2022
31. Speaking like Asian immigrants
- Author
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Elaine W. Chun
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,common ,Immigration ,common.demographic_type ,Opposition (politics) ,Filipino American ,Gender studies ,Social dimension ,Language and Linguistics ,Philosophy ,Salient ,Asian americans ,Ideology ,Sociology ,business ,Social psychology ,Accommodation ,media_common - Abstract
This article explores the relationship between immigrant and non-immigrant Asian American youth identities and the use of language to manage this relationship. Focusing on everyday interactions at a high school in Texas, the analysis examines how fluent English-speaking Korean and Filipino American students draw on linguistic resources associated with Asian immigrants, thus attending to generational identity, an important, though often oversimplified, social dimension in transnational contexts. According to the present analysis, salient generational differences may exist between Asian American youth, yet their linguistic practices complicate simple binaries of opposition. Specifically, this article focuses on how fluent English-speaking students both accommodate toward and mock Asian immigrant speech and notes that these ostensibly divergent practices exhibit linguistic overlap. It is argued that the convergences and divergences of these practices can be productively examined by distinguishing between the levels of frame and ideology, thus explaining how speakers interpret Asian immigrant revoicings as accommodation, mocking, or, in some cases, an ambiguous linguistic act that hovers in between. Keywords: Accommodation; Asian Americans; Identity; Mocking; Stereotypes; Youth.
- Published
- 2022
32. On relative clauses and locative expressions in English existential sentences
- Author
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Leiv Egil Breivik
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Grammar ,media_common.quotation_subject ,American English ,Information flow ,Locative case ,Language and Linguistics ,Existentialism ,Linguistics ,Varieties of English ,Philosophy ,Salient ,Psychology ,media_common ,Relative clause - Abstract
In an influential paper, Fox & Thompson (1990) argue that the grammar of relative clauses in spoken American English is affected by interactive and cognitive factors pertaining to the communication situation. Existential sentences containing a relative clause as well as an overt locative expression figure prominently in their analysis. The present paper examines Fox & Thompson’s analysis of such sentences in the light of a wide range of data. It is shown that the generalizations they make on the basis of their limited corpus (25 tokens) rest on false premises. Their analysis fails to take account of some of the most salient properties inherent in existential sentences in all varieties of English; it also disregards relevant cross-linguistic data. An alternative analysis is offered.
- Published
- 2022
33. Echo answers in native/non-native interaction
- Author
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Jan Svennevig
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Philosophy ,Index (publishing) ,Computer science ,Salient ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Echo (computing) ,Epistemic authority ,Echo answer ,Language and Linguistics ,Agreement ,Linguistics ,media_common - Abstract
An echo answer is an answer that repeats elements of the question. This response form occurs after yes/noquestions and “statements about B-events”. The current study is based on data from native/non-native institutional interaction, and echo answers are shown to play an important role in certain types of repair that are characteristic of such interaction. Echo answers have two main usages. The first is to appropriate a candidate formulation and integrate it into one’s own turn in progress. This often happens when native speakers attempt to assist non-native interlocutors in expressing themselves. The other is to claim a strengthened commitment to the answer. This is especially salient in cases where a minimal agreement might project a potential dispreferred response. Echo answers may occur alone or with an initial or final response word, and these different response formats are shown to index the relative epistemic authority of the interlocutors.
- Published
- 2022
34. From caused-motion to spatial configuration
- Author
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Jui-ching Chang and Meichun Liu
- Subjects
050101 languages & linguistics ,Linguistics and Language ,Computer science ,Lexicalization ,05 social sciences ,Perspective (graphical) ,Class (philosophy) ,Mandarin Chinese ,050105 experimental psychology ,Language and Linguistics ,Motion (physics) ,Linguistics ,language.human_language ,Salient ,Causal chain ,language ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Event (probability theory) - Abstract
This study re-examines Mandarin Placement verbs from a lexical-constructional perspective and redefines the class with semantic-to-syntactic properties pertaining to lexicalization patterns in Mandarin. It aims to show that Placement verbs lexicalize a cognitively salient causal chain that extends from an agentive motion to locational change and to resultant spatial configuration. The event chain serves as the conceptual basis for linking motion-triggered events and states that are syntactically distinct in profiling the three contingent stages: caused to move → caused to be → spatially grounded. Although English Placement verbs (put, hang, etc.) are typically taken to be exemplars of the caused-motion construction, this study shows that Placement verbs may be distinguished syntactically and semantically from pure Caused-Motion verbs and posture-based Spatial Configuration verbs. While the three classes of verbs may be viewed as demonstrating respectively the individuated stages of the proposed event chain, Placement verbs are the only class that encompasses all three event types in their meanings and are associated with a wide range of semantically compatible constructions. The three stages are discussed with graphical representations and collocational distinctions. Further sub-classifications of the Mandarin Placement verbs are provided with different semantic profiles for each subclass. Crucial to the analysis is the fact that location-profiled uses of Placement verbs outnumber path-profiled uses in Mandarin, indicating a categorical shift from motional to locational predication. By teasing out the language-specific and class-specific lexicalization patterns that are collo-constructionally definable, the study demonstrates the usefulness of a lexical-constructional approach in fine-tuning verbal semantic distinctions for cross-linguistic and cross-categorial comparisons.
- Published
- 2022
35. Nationalism and gender in the representation of non-Japanese characters’ speech in contemporary Japanese novels
- Author
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Satoko Suzuki
- Subjects
060201 languages & linguistics ,Linguistics and Language ,060101 anthropology ,History ,Kanji ,media_common.quotation_subject ,06 humanities and the arts ,Representation (arts) ,Femininity ,Language and Linguistics ,Linguistics ,Nationalism ,Philosophy ,Exclusivism ,Salient ,Masculinity ,0602 languages and literature ,0601 history and archaeology ,Ideology ,media_common - Abstract
This study demonstrates that two types of language ideologies (linguistic nationalism and feminine language normativity) influence how Japanese contemporary novels represent non-Japanese characters’ speech. It investigates the role of gender and observes that novelists only infrequently assign highly gendered utterance-final forms to non-Japanese characters when they speak in Japanese. This tendency is more salient among the representations of male non-Japanese characters. Masculine expressions seem to belong to a set of linguistic resources that are considered available only to the Japanese. This exclusivism, i.e., linguistic nationalism, might explain the lack of highly masculine forms among non-Japanese characters in novels. As for the relatively frequent assignment of gendered language for female characters, the normativity of feminine language makes it part of the basic language of all female speakers including non-Japanese individuals. In addition, feminine expressions are not as strongly associated with authenticity as masculine expressions.
- Published
- 2022
36. Incorporating Public Values Through Multiple Accountability
- Author
-
Antoinette de Bont, Jolien van de Sande, Diana M. J. Delnoij, Bert de Graaff, and Health Care Governance (HCG)
- Subjects
Marketing ,Public Administration ,Sociology and Political Science ,Salient ,Public accountability ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Accountability ,Quality (business) ,Business ,Regulatory agency ,Public administration ,media_common - Abstract
In this paper, we explore how multiple accountability (MA) can enable an independent regulatory agency to deal with multiple conflicting public values in a complex and politically salient decision-making process. We examined the decision-making process of the Dutch National Health Care Institute on quality regulation of emergency care in the Netherlands. Using insights derived from ethnography, document analysis, and interviews, we show that MA resulted from strategic interactions between the Institute’s vertical and horizontal accountability forums. We argue that MA impeded efficiency but also enabled the Institute to deal with multiple conflicting public values.
- Published
- 2022
37. Facial Expression Recognition with Active Local Shape Pattern and Learned-Size Block Representations
- Author
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Farkhod Makhmudkhujaev, Adin Ramirez Rivera, Tauhid Bin Iqbal, Oksam Chae, Sung-Ho Bae, and Byungyong Ryu
- Subjects
Facial expression ,Pixel ,Computer science ,business.industry ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Pattern recognition ,Expression (mathematics) ,Human-Computer Interaction ,Discriminative model ,Salient ,Face (geometry) ,Noise (video) ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Software ,Block (data storage) - Abstract
Facial expression recognition has been studied broadly, and several works using local micro-pattern descriptors have obtained significant results. There are, however, open questions: how to design a discriminative and robust feature descriptor?, how to select expression-related most influential features?, and how to represent the face descriptor exploiting the most salient parts of the face? In this paper, we address these three issues to achieve better performance in recognizing facial expressions. First, we propose a new feature descriptor, namely Local Shape Pattern (LSP), that describes the local shape structure of a pixel's neighborhood based on the prominent directional information by analyzing the statistics of the neighborhood gradient, which allows it to be robust against subtle local noise and distortion. Furthermore, we propose a selection strategy for learning the influential codes being active in the expression affiliated changes by selecting them exhibiting statistical dominance and high spatial variance. Lastly, we learn the size of the salient facial blocks to represent the facial description with the notion that changes in expressions vary in size and location. We conduct person-independent experiments in existing datasets after combining above three proposals, and obtain an improved performance for the facial expression recognition task.
- Published
- 2022
38. TMFNet: Three-Input Multilevel Fusion Network for Detecting Salient Objects in RGB-D Images
- Author
-
Pan Sijia, Lu Yu, Wujie Zhou, and Jingsheng Lei
- Subjects
Fusion ,Control and Optimization ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Deep learning ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Pattern recognition ,Computer Science Applications ,Image (mathematics) ,Computational Mathematics ,Artificial Intelligence ,Salient ,Depth map ,Benchmark (computing) ,RGB color model ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Representation (mathematics) - Abstract
The use of depth information, acquired by depth sensors, for salient object detection (SOD) is being explored. Despite the remarkable results from recent deep learning approaches for RGB-D SOD, they fail to fully incorporate original and accurate information to express details of RGB-D images in salient objects. Here, we propose an RGB-D SOD model using a three-input multilevel fusion network (TMFNet), which differs from existing methods based on double-stream networks. In addition to RGB input (first input) and depth input (second input), the RGB image and depth map are combined into a four-channel representation (RGBD input) that constitutes the third input to the TMFNet. The RGBD input generates multilevel features that reflect details of the RGB-D image. In addition, the proposed TMFNet aggregates diverse region-based contextual information without discarding RGB and depth features. Thus, we introduce a cross-fusion module, and benefiting from rich low- and high-level information from salient features, feature fusion enables the improvement of localization of salient objects. The proposed TMFNet achieves state-of-the-art performance on six benchmark datasets for SOD.
- Published
- 2022
39. Slow feature analysis-aided detection and diagnosis of incipient faults for running gear systems of high-speed trains
- Author
-
Yang Zhou, Chao Cheng, Hongtian Chen, Pu Xie, and Ming Liu
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Computer science ,Applied Mathematics ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Fault (power engineering) ,Fault detection and isolation ,Computer Science Applications ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Robustness (computer science) ,Salient ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Test statistic ,Train ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Hellinger distance ,Hidden Markov model ,Instrumentation ,Algorithm - Abstract
Incipient faults in running gear systems corrupt the overall performance of high-speed trains, increasing the necessity of fault detection and diagnosis whose purpose is to maintain the safe and stable operation of high-speed trains. For this purpose, a novel data-driven method, that utilizes Hellinger distance and slow feature analysis, is proposed in this study. By integrating Hellinger distance into slow feature analysis, a new test statistic is defined for detecting incipient faults in running gear systems. Furthermore, the hidden Markov method is developed for performing reliable fault diagnosis tasks. The salient strengths of the proposed method lie in its satisfactory fault detectability on the one hand and the considerable robustness against high-level noises on the other hand. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through a numerical example and a running gear system of high-speed trains under actual working conditions.
- Published
- 2022
40. CGFNet: Cross-Guided Fusion Network for RGB-T Salient Object Detection
- Author
-
Yunhui Yan, Kechen Song, Yanqi Bao, Jie Wang, and Liming Huang
- Subjects
Source code ,Computer science ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Context (language use) ,Image (mathematics) ,Modal ,Salient ,Media Technology ,RGB color model ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Decoding methods ,media_common ,Block (data storage) - Abstract
RGB salient object detection (SOD) has made great progress. However, the performance of this single-modal salient object detection will be significantly decreased when encountering some challenging scenes, such as low light or darkness. To deal with the above challenges, thermal infrared (T) image is introduced into the salient object detection. This fused modal is called RGB-T salient object detection. To achieve deep mining of the unique characteristics of single modal and the full integration of cross-modality information, a novel Cross-Guided Fusion Network (CGFNet) for RGB-T salient object detection is proposed. Specifically, a Cross-Scale Alternate Guiding Fusion (CSAGF) module is proposed to mine the high-level semantic information and provide global context support. Subsequently, we design a Guidance Fusion Module (GFM) to achieve sufficient cross-modality fusion by using single modal as the main guidance and the other modal as auxiliary. Finally, the Cross-Guided Fusion Module (CGFM) is presented and serves as the main decoding block. And each decoding block is consists of two parts with two modalities information of each being the main guidance, i.e., cross-shared Cross-Level Enhancement (CLE) and Global Auxiliary Enhancement (GAE). The main difference between the two parts is that the GFM using different modalities as the main guide. The comprehensive experimental results prove that our method achieves better performance than the state-of-the-art salient detection methods. The source code has released at: https://github.com/wangjie 0825/CGFNet.git.
- Published
- 2022
41. Code Review Knowledge Perception: Fusing Multi-Features for Salient-Class Location
- Author
-
Nan Jia, Zibin Zheng, Kai Hong, Xiangping Chen, and Yuan Huang
- Subjects
Class (computer programming) ,Identification (information) ,Information retrieval ,Code review ,Computer science ,Salient ,Knowledge engineering ,Code (cryptography) ,Commit ,computer.software_genre ,computer ,Software ,Field (computer science) - Abstract
Code review is a common software engineering practice of practical importance to reduce software defects. Review today is often with the help of specialized tools, such as Gerrit. However, even in a tool-supported code review involves a significant amount of human effort to understand the code change, because the information required to inspect code changes may distribute across multiple files that reviewers are not familiar with. Code changes are often organized as commits for review. In this paper, we found that most of the commits contain a salient class(es), which is saliently modified and causes the modification of the rest classes in a commit. Our user studies confirmed that identifying the salient class in a commit can facilitate reviewers in understanding code change. Inspired by the effectiveness of machine learning techniques in the classification field, we model the salient class identification as a binary classification problem and extract a number of discriminative features from commit to characterize the salience of a class. The experiment results show that our approach achieves an accuracy of 88%. A user study with industrial developers shows that our approach can really improve the efficiency of reviewers understanding code changes in a reviewing scenario without using comment.
- Published
- 2022
42. An empirical study on the development of metaphorical comprehension of Chinese children.
- Author
-
Cheng L, Guan Y, Zhang T, Zhan L, Liu Y, Wang P, Yu S, and Peng Y
- Abstract
Metaphor affects how people focus, remember, and process information and significantly influences children's language development. The study explored metaphorical comprehension by Chinese children of different ages (5-8 years). We collected response times and accuracy rates when they processed metaphorical and literal sentences with the graded salience. Linear mixed-effects modeling showed that Chinese children's metaphorical ability improved with age. Subsequent analysis found that the perception period of metaphorical knowledge was at age 5, the development stage of metaphorical knowledge was at age 6 and 7, and the rational decision period of metaphorical ability was at age 8. After 8-year-old, children can invoke the knowledge of the intention schema while activating the source domain, and this knowledge can be automatically and quickly mapped to the target domain. Meanwhile, language development and cognitive processing influenced the metaphorical comprehension of Chinese children, especially children of 8 years of age who had the highest correct rate and the shortest reaction time to process low-saliency metaphorical sentences, while 5-year-old children had the highest accuracy in high-saliency metaphorical sentence and 6-year-old children got the longest reaction time to process sentence in high-saliency metaphor. This study may provide evidence for improving and training metaphor comprehension in children with special needs such as those with an autism spectrum disorder., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Cheng, Guan, Zhang, Zhan, Liu, Wang, Yu and Peng.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Gender Issues in Intergroup Communication
- Author
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Wingate, V. Skye and Palomares, Nicholas A.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. THE IMPLICIT ANALYST: QUALITIES OF SALIENCE.
- Author
-
Perlitz, Daniel
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHOTHERAPY , *PERSONALITY , *THRUST , *PHYLOGENY , *PERSUASION (Psychology) - Abstract
More than fifty years ago, in "The Curative Factors in Psycho-Analysis," Sacha Nacht wrote, "It is what the analyst is rather than what he says that matters" (his emphasis). This article focuses on what I believe is the main thrust of Nacht's statement: the analyst's personal attributes, her ways of relating formed by her organizing principles that operate at an implicit, procedural level, manifesting in what we recognize in common parlance as her personality. Eight specific, implicit qualities of the analyst's personality are delineated, which, from my subjective perspective, are salient for psychotherapy and which may, or may not, find common ground with other practitioners as well, regardless of the analyst's theoretical persuasion. Perspectives on salience will be different from analyst to analyst, although I believe not entirely different, given that we are all members of the human phylogeny. This article is not prescriptive; the qualities identified reflect my personal perspective of implicit qualities of the analyst beneficial to psychotherapy. As well, some tenets of psychoanalytic training and theory that may facilitate these qualities are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Can behavioral interventions be too salient? Evidence from traffic safety messages
- Author
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Jonathan D. Hall, Joshua M. Madsen, and Spatial Economics
- Subjects
Automobile Driving ,Public Service Announcements as Topic ,History ,Multidisciplinary ,Polymers and Plastics ,Exploit ,Nudge theory ,Applied psychology ,Accidents, Traffic ,Psychological intervention ,Crash ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Crowding out ,SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities ,Salient ,Humans ,Attention ,Behavioral interventions ,Safety ,Business and International Management ,Psychology ,human activities ,Cognitive load - Abstract
Behavioral interventions are an increasingly popular tool for encouraging socially desirable behavior. While they are expressly designed to seize people's attention, little consideration has been given to the costs of doing so. We estimate the consequences of seizing attention in the context of a widespread highway traffic safety campaign that displays roadside fatality counts on highway dynamic message signs (DMSs). We exploit detailed data on DMS and crash locations, DMS log files, and a unique setting in Texas where fatality messages are displayed only for one week each month. We find that this behavioral intervention significantly increases the number of traffic crashes. This increase is immediate, dissipates over 7 km, and increases with the displayed fatality count. Furthermore, drivers do not habituate to these messages, even after five years, and the effects do not persist beyond the treated weeks. Crashes increase statewide during treated weeks, inconsistent with any benefits. Our results show that behavioral interventions, designed to be salient, can crowd out more important considerations, causing interventions to backfire with costly consequences.
- Published
- 2022
46. Insular Cortex Response to Static Visual Sexual Stimuli
- Author
-
Olivier Boucher, Alain Bouthillier, Franco Lepore, Dang Khoa Nguyen, Manon Robert, Mathieu Brideau-Duquette, and Julie Tremblay
- Subjects
Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Physiology ,Salient ,General Neuroscience ,Emotional stimuli ,Sexual stimuli ,Psychology ,Insular cortex ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Neuroscience ,Insula ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
Abstract. According to previous research, the insula is important for processing salient and emotional stimuli, but its precise role remains elusive. By combining high spatial and temporal resolution, intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) might contribute to filling this gap. Four drug-resistant epileptic patients with intracranial electrodes in the insula were instructed to watch and rate pictures with sexual content and neutral pictures. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were computed separately for both types of stimuli. Ninety-three percent of the anterior insula (AI) and 85% of the posterior insula (PI) contacts showed differences between ERPs. AI-positive deflections tended to have an earlier onset than PI-positive deflections. The results suggest that the AI generates a P300-like response and contributes to the early phase of the late positive potential, both components found enhanced while viewing emotional stimuli in the ERP literature. The present findings are interpreted as congruent with the role of the AI in maintaining attention to salient stimuli.
- Published
- 2022
47. SWNet: A Deep Learning Based Approach for Splashed Water Detection on Road
- Author
-
Jian-Jun Qiao, Wei Li, Jun-Yan He, Qiang Peng, and Xiao Wu
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Deep learning ,Pooling ,Crash ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Computer Science Applications ,Cross entropy ,Salient ,Road surface ,Automotive Engineering ,Segmentation ,Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer - Abstract
Adverse weather conditions seriously threaten the traffic safety, especially for rainy days with the ponding water on the road surface, which potentially result in vehicle crashes, person injuries and crash fatalities. Automatic splashed water detection based on surveillance videos is an attractive way to effectively prevent the traffic accidents. However, surveillance videos exhibit great variations with lighting changes, illumination conditions and complex backgrounds, which pose great difficulties in automatic recognition. In this paper, a novel deep learning based approach is proposed to detect the splashed water. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on this topic based on deep learning. An effective semantic segmentation network, called SWNet, is novelly proposed to extract the potential splashed water regions. An encoder-decoder structure is designed to capture the visual characteristics of splashed water. SWNet achieves high efficiency by reusing pooling indices and adopting the light-weight decoder. With the multi-scale feature fusion structure, SWNet integrates the coarse semantic information and detailed appearance information, which significantly boosts the accuracy and refines the edge segmentation. A weighted cross entropy loss for splashed water is adopted to cope with the unbalanced distribution between splashed water and backgrounds. Moreover, a splashed water attention module is designed to focus on the salient regions of moving vehicles and splashed water, by performing attention mechanism to integrate global contextual information in semantic segmentation. Experiments conducted on a newly collected splashed water dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach, which outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
- Published
- 2022
48. Design and Implementation of the New Sensorless Rotor Position Estimation in Homopolar Salient-Pole Brushless DC Motor
- Author
-
Hassan Moradi CheshmehBeigi
- Subjects
Homopolar motor ,Control theory ,Salient ,Position (vector) ,Computer science ,Rotor (electric) ,law ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,DC motor ,law.invention - Published
- 2022
49. Reconfigurable intelligent surface: design the channel – a new opportunity for future wireless networks
- Author
-
Leonard Piazzi, Miguel Dajer, Guosen Yue, Baoling Sheen, Narayan Prasad, Jin Yang, Xiao-Feng Qi, and Zhengxiang Ma
- Subjects
Signal Processing (eess.SP) ,Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI) ,FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,Wireless network ,business.industry ,Information Theory (cs.IT) ,Computer Science - Information Theory ,Emphasis (telecommunications) ,Physical layer ,Field (computer science) ,Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture ,Hardware and Architecture ,Salient ,FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Systems engineering ,Wireless ,Use case ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing ,business ,Communication channel - Abstract
In this paper, we survey state-of-the-art research outcomes in the burgeoning field of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in view of its potential for significant performance enhancement for next generation wireless communication networks by means of adapting the propagation environment. Emphasis has been placed on several aspects gating the commercially viability of a future network deployment. Comprehensive summaries are provided for practical hardware design considerations and broad implications of artificial intelligence techniques, so are in-depth outlooks on salient aspects of system models, use cases, and physical layer optimization techniques., 22 pages, 18 figures
- Published
- 2022
50. Optimization of Rotor Salient Pole Reluctance for Typical Field Modulated Electric Machines
- Author
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Honghui Wen, Jiawei Zhou, Xiaofeng Zhu, Gan Zhang, and Ming Cheng
- Subjects
Physics ,Field (physics) ,Rotor (electric) ,law ,Salient ,Magnetic reluctance ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Mechanical engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,law.invention - Published
- 2022
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