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Limb asymmetry after ACL reconstruction is often cited as a risk factor for ACL reinjury. We assessed ground reaction forces on each limb during a drop vertical jump, and compared kinetic symmetry between limbs in adolescents post-ACL reconstruction versus healthy controls.Forty-four participants who underwent an ACL reconstruction (16 male/28 female, mean age 16.1 ± 1.5, mean 7.3 ± 0.9 months post-ACL reconstruction) and 34 controls (20 male/14 female, mean age 14.9 ± 1.1) completed a drop vertical jump captured on a Vicon system and Bertec force plates. Kinetic variables were calculated individually for each limb. Inter-limb asymmetry was calculated as an index between each limb (involved versus uninvolved for the ACL reconstruction group, and left versus right for controls), and was compared between groups using independent t-tests.Asymmetry was significantly more pronounced in the ACL reconstruction group versus the controls for peak contact ground reaction force (11.6% vs 4.4%, p = 0.009), eccentric impulse (8.8% vs 3.8%, p = 0.009), eccentric mean force (8.0% vs 3.4%, p = 0.006), concentric peak ground reaction force (4.1% vs 0.8%, p = 0.003), concentric impulse (5.1% vs 1.1%, p = 0.001), and peak landing ground reaction force (12.7% vs 1.7%, p 0.001).Limb kinetic asymmetry during a drop vertical jump was more pronounced in adolescents post-ACL reconstruction versus controls for both eccentric- and concentric-phase variables, which may indicate the use of compensatory strategies to offload the post-operative limb. Targeted interventions to produce more symmetric loading and unloading during jumping tasks should be developed, tested, and monitored to determine the impact on rehabilitation programs, return-to-sport evaluations, and injury prevention outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 abruptly halted in-person clinical care and research requiring a shift to virtual assessment and treatment. This unexpected transition of a two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) examining interdisciplinary graded exposure treatment (GET Living) compared to multidisciplinary pain management (MPM) for youth with chronic pain provided an opportunity to implement the first remotely delivered exposure treatment and remotely delivered biomechanical assessment for pediatric chronic pain. Here we describe these new approaches and provide lessons learned to inform future efforts in digital healthcare. METHODS: A total of 68 youth (M=14.2 years; 80.9% female) were enrolled in the RCT (n=31 in-person, n=5 hybrid, n=32 virtual, n = 9 withdrew). Of those withdrawn, n = 3 withdrew due to COVID-19 related reasons. Some RCT elements required slight modification (e.g., e-consent, actigraphy deployment, recruitment and screening) while others were significantly altered (e.g., session format and lab-based biomechanical assessment). Data from Exit Interviews were also examined to assess perspectives on the virtual format transition. RESULTS: Results show increased enrollment rate when virtual care was an option (70.7%) compared to in-person (44.3%). Equivalent rates of completion for daily assessment (in-person, 72.8%; virtual, 73.3) were also observed, and participants described enhanced experience when able to complete exercises and exposures in their home environment during session (vs. a rehabilitation gym) allowing for genuine in-vivo exposures (e.g., household chores, riding bicycles). DISCUSSION: Overall, our data demonstrate acceptability, feasibility, and equivalent patient engagement to virtual treatment. Novel methods implemented in this RCT can inform trial design and measures of clinical endpoints for future digital health interventions.

Background: Tibial bone stress injuries (tib-BSI) are common in adolescent runners. Previous research has examined running mechanics as possible risk factors for tib-BSI’s and implications have been observed for both kinematic and kinetic measures. Combining these measures to examine power absorption and production of the lower extremity can provide context on mechanical differences in individuals with a history of tib-BSI. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine total limb power and percent joint contribution in healthy adolescent runners compared to peers with a history of tib-BSI. It was hypothesized that runners with a history of tib-BSI would have a greater contribution of power production and absorption at the ankle, and less at the hip and knee joints, with no difference in total power. Methods: Twenty-six runners were divided into groups: history of tib-BSI (n=14; male=10, female=4; age=16±2) and healthy controls (n=12; male=5, female=7; age=18±7). Data were collected using 3D motion capture with embedded force plates during overground running at self-selected pace. Total limb power and percent joint contribution were calculated from joint work. Positive and negative joint work was summed from the integrations of the joint power-time curve in each plane. Joint work was divided by step-time to obtain total joint power. Joint powers for the hip, knee, and ankle were summed to determine total limb power and percentage of limb power was calculated for each joint. Variables were grouped by control limb (CON), uninvolved limb (UNI), and involved limb (BSI). Both limbs in the healthy controls were averaged to generate the CON group. A one-way ANOVA was used to compare the variables of limb and joint power. Results: There were no significant differences between BSI and UNI limbs for any variables measured. The CON group exhibited significantly greater hip negative power compared to the BSI group (p=0.047), and significantly less ankle negative power compared to the BSI (p=0.001) and UNI groups (p=0.002). Despite a significant difference in total positive power between groups (p=0.04), there were no differences in joint positive power. Variables are presented in Table 1. Conclusion: This study is preliminary evidence that adolescent runners with a history of tib-BSI can present with adaptations in running mechanics that are not limited to the injured leg. Negative power may be more sensitive to change with the ankle increasing its contribution, comparatively. Clinicians and researchers should be aware of this adaptation after injury as it may influence treatment.