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2. Genomics of adaptation to host-plants in herbivorous insects.

Author

Simon, Jean-Christophe, d'Alençon, Emmanuelle, Guy, Endrick, Jacquin-Joly, Emmanuelle, Jaquiéry, Julie, Nouhaud, Pierre, Peccoud, Jean, Sugio, Akiko, and Streiff, Réjane

Subjects
*HOST plants, *INSECT-plant relationships, *HERBIVORES, *HEMIPTERA, *LEPIDOPTERA
Abstract

Herbivorous insects represent the most species-rich lineages of metazoans. The high rate of diversification in herbivorous insects is thought to result from their specialization to distinct host-plants, which creates conditions favorable for the build-up of reproductive isolation and speciation. These conditions rely on constraints against the optimal use of a wide range of plant species, as each must constitute a viable food resource, oviposition site and mating site for an insect. Utilization of plants involves many essential traits of herbivorous insects, as they locate and select their hosts, overcome their defenses and acquire nutrients while avoiding intoxication. Although advances in understanding insect-plant molecular interactions have been limited by the complexity of insect traits involved in host use and the lack of genomic resources and functional tools, recent studies at the molecular level, combined with large-scale genomics studies at population and species levels, are revealing the genetic underpinning of plant specialization and adaptive divergence in non-model insect herbivores. Here, we review the recent advances in the genomics of plant adaptation in hemipterans and lepidopterans, two major insect orders, each of which includes a large number of crop pests. We focus on how genomics and post-genomics have improved our understanding of the mechanisms involved in insect-plant interactions by reviewing recent molecular discoveries in sensing, feeding, digesting and detoxifying strategies. We also present the outcomes of large-scale genomics approaches aimed at identifying loci potentially involved in plant adaptation in these insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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3. Genomics of adaptation to host-plants in herbivorous insects

Author

Jean Peccoud, Pierre Nouhaud, Endrick Guy, Réjane Streiff, Jean-Christophe Simon, Emmanuelle d'Alençon, Akiko Sugio, Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly, Julie Jaquiéry, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Diversité, Génomes et Interactions Microorganismes-Insectes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Origine, structure et évolution de la biodiversité (OSEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Télécom ParisTech-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This work received supports from ANR Speciaphid (ANR-11-BSV7-005-01) to JCS, ANR Ada-Spodo (ANR-12-BSV7-0004-01) to EA, ANR Bugspit (ANR-13-JSV7-0012-01) to AS and ANR Adapt-Ome (ANR-13-BSV7-0012-01) to RS., ANR-11-BSV7-0005,SPECIAPHID,Génétique de l'adaptation trophique et mécanismes d'isolement reproducteur chez les pucerons(2011), ANR-12-BSV7-0004,ADA-SPODO,Déterminisme moléculaire de l’adaptation écologique et de la spéciation chez deux variants du lépidoptère Spodoptera frugiperda(2012), ANR-13-JSV7-0012,Bugspit,Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la spécialisation des pucerons à leurs hôtes(2013), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ANR-12-BSV7-0004,ADA-SPODO,Déterminisme moléculaire de l'adaptation écologique et de la spéciation chez deux variants du lépidoptère Spodoptera frugiperda(2012), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST

Subjects
Insecta, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Genomics, Insect, salivary genes, Biology, Biochemistry, Host-Parasite Interactions, Hemiptera, Genetics, Animals, Herbivory, Mating, detoxification, education, Molecular Biology, chemosensory genes, media_common, education.field_of_study, Herbivore, mechanisms, plant cues, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Host (biology), Ecology, fungi, food and beverages, plant–insect interactions, General Medicine, Reproductive isolation, 15. Life on land, Plants, Adaptation, Physiological, Lepidoptera, Adaptation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Herbivorous insects represent the most species-rich lineages of metazoans. The high rate of diversification in herbivorous insects is thought to result from their specialization to distinct host-plants, which creates conditions favorable for the build-up of reproductive isolation and speciation. These conditions rely on constraints against the optimal use of a wide range of plant species, as each must constitute a viable food resource, oviposition site and mating site for an insect. Utilization of plants involves many essential traits of herbivorous insects, as they locate and select their hosts, overcome their defenses and acquire nutrients while avoiding intoxication. Although advances in understanding insect-plant molecular interactions have been limited by the complexity of insect traits involved in host use and the lack of genomic resources and functional tools, recent studies at the molecular level, combined with large-scale genomics studies at population and species levels, are revealing the genetic underpinning of plant specialization and adaptive divergence in non-model insect herbivores. Here, we review the recent advances in the genomics of plant adaptation in hemipterans and lepidopterans, two major insect orders, each of which includes a large number of crop pests. We focus on how genomics and post-genomics have improved our understanding of the mechanisms involved in insect-plant interactions by reviewing recent molecular discoveries in sensing, feeding, digesting and detoxifying strategies. We also present the outcomes of large-scale genomics approaches aimed at identifying loci potentially involved in plant adaptation in these insects.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Positive selection drives accelerated evolution of mosquito salivary genes associated with blood-feeding

Author

Arcà, B., Struchiner, C. J., Pham, V. M., Sferra, G, Lombardo, F., Pombi, M., and Ribeiro, J. M.

Subjects
Expressed Sequence Tags, anopheles gambiae, neutral theory, adaptive evolution, molecular evolution, Gene Expression Profiling, salivary glands, phylogenetic analysis, haematophagy, salivary gland, natural selection, salivary genes, Article, Evolution, Molecular, immune system, malaria vector, Anopheles, evolution, Animals, Insect Proteins, maximum-likelihood, Amino Acid Sequence, Salivary Proteins and Peptides, Selection, Genetic
Abstract

The saliva of bloodsucking animals contains dozens to hundreds of proteins that counteract their hosts' haemostasis, inflammation and immunity. It was previously observed that salivary proteins involved in haematophagy are much more divergent in their primary sequence than those of housekeeping function, when comparisons were made between closely related organisms. While this pattern of evolution could result from relaxed selection or drift, it could alternatively be the result of positive selection driven by the intense pressure of the host immune system. We investigated the polymorphism of five different genes associated with blood-feeding in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae and obtained evidence in four genes for sites with signatures of positive selection. These results add salivary gland genes from bloodsucking arthropods to the small list of genes driven by positive selection.

Published
2014

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