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1. 'Fluidity in Communication Order': Participatory Culture in Social Media during Kerala Floods

Author

AMEER SALMAN OM

Subjects
Digimodernism, Malabar Floor Relief Collective, Kerala Floods, Social Media, Participatory Culture
Abstract

Recent studies have noted, Remediation of Postmodernism in a digital space thrives to participatory culture, as the margin between creator/user authority/public has blurred. This project discusses the glimpses of the Kerala floods in 2018 and 2019, showing how social media is facilitating the diminishing hierarchical communication structure of government authorities during a natural disaster. Although studies have been done on the increasing participation of the public during disaster communication in a digital space, some have also critiqued how public participation caters to eroding communication authority. This article brings out solid examples of how volunteers of Malabar Flood Collective deconstruct the preexisted communication structure and form an alternate effective participatory working model of disaster communication using Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram. This research will be a case analysis of Malabar Flood Relief Collective within the context of Kerala Floods, deploying the potential of collaborative communication that digital immigrant forces redesignate the communication authority and power to the public who assume Opinion Leader’s positions. However, this study refutes the claims that the prevalence of this alternate model of disaster communication as it is highly subjective in nature henceforth is from assuming the equal authorial role. The study postulates the authority of communication as limited and de-centred in a postmodernist communication order in digital space, which encourage further studies on how and why conventional communication order fear that digitization has created empowered masses.

Published
2020
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2. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Abbafati, C, Machado, DB, Cislaghi, B, Salman, OM, Karanikolos, M, McKee, M, Abbas, KM, Brady, OJ, Larson, HJ, Trias-Llimós, S, Cummins, S, Langan, SM, Sartorius, B, Hafiz, A, Jenabi, E, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Borzouei, S, Azarian, G, Khazaei, S, Abbasi, M, Asghari, B, Masoumi, S, Komaki, H, Taherkhani, A, Adabi, M, Abbasifard, M, Bazmandegan, G, Kamiab, Z, Vakilian, A, Anjomshoa, M, Mokari, A, Sabour, S, Shahbaz, M, Saeedi, R, Ahmadieh, H, Yousefinezhadi, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Nikbakhsh, R, Safi, S, Asgari, S, Irvani, SN, Jahanmehr, N, Ramezanzadeh, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Abbastabar, H, Shirkoohi, R, Fazlzadeh, M, Janjani, H, Hosseini, M, Mansournia, M, Tohidinik, H, Bakhtiari, A, Fazaeli, A, Mousavi, S, Hasanzadeh, A, Nabavizadeh, B, Malekzadeh, R, Hashemian, M, Pourshams, A, Salimzadeh, H, Sepanlou, SG, Afarideh, M, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Ghajar, A, Heidari, B, Rezaei, N, Mohamadi, E, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahim, F, Eskandarieh, S, Sahraian, M, Mohebi, F, Aminorroaya, A, Ebrahimi, H, Farzadfar, F, Mohajer, B, Pishgar, F, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Shabani, M, Zarafshan, H, Abolhassani, H, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Abdollahi, M, Farahmand, M, Salamati, P, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Tajdini, M, Aghamir, S, Mirzaei, R, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Khater, MM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abualhasan, A, El-Jaafary, SI, Hassan, A, Elsharkawy, A, Peden, Amy ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-1511, Jha, Vivekanand ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-9470, Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-6323, Pesudovs, Konrad ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-9369, Mitchell, Philip ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-5235, Degenhardt, Louisa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8513-2218, Ivers, Rebecca ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-662X, Schutte, Alta ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937, Leung, Janni ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-2959, Godinho, Myron ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2506, Maulik, Pallab Kumar ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-6175, Resnikoff, Serge ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-4446, Xu, Luna ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-6547, Abbafati, C, Machado, DB, Cislaghi, B, Salman, OM, Karanikolos, M, McKee, M, Abbas, KM, Brady, OJ, Larson, HJ, Trias-Llimós, S, Cummins, S, Langan, SM, Sartorius, B, Hafiz, A, Jenabi, E, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Borzouei, S, Azarian, G, Khazaei, S, Abbasi, M, Asghari, B, Masoumi, S, Komaki, H, Taherkhani, A, Adabi, M, Abbasifard, M, Bazmandegan, G, Kamiab, Z, Vakilian, A, Anjomshoa, M, Mokari, A, Sabour, S, Shahbaz, M, Saeedi, R, Ahmadieh, H, Yousefinezhadi, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Nikbakhsh, R, Safi, S, Asgari, S, Irvani, SN, Jahanmehr, N, Ramezanzadeh, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Abbastabar, H, Shirkoohi, R, Fazlzadeh, M, Janjani, H, Hosseini, M, Mansournia, M, Tohidinik, H, Bakhtiari, A, Fazaeli, A, Mousavi, S, Hasanzadeh, A, Nabavizadeh, B, Malekzadeh, R, Hashemian, M, Pourshams, A, Salimzadeh, H, Sepanlou, SG, Afarideh, M, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Ghajar, A, Heidari, B, Rezaei, N, Mohamadi, E, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahim, F, Eskandarieh, S, Sahraian, M, Mohebi, F, Aminorroaya, A, Ebrahimi, H, Farzadfar, F, Mohajer, B, Pishgar, F, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Shabani, M, Zarafshan, H, Abolhassani, H, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Abdollahi, M, Farahmand, M, Salamati, P, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Tajdini, M, Aghamir, S, Mirzaei, R, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Khater, MM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abualhasan, A, El-Jaafary, SI, Hassan, A, Elsharkawy, A, Peden, Amy ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-1511, Jha, Vivekanand ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-9470, Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-6323, Pesudovs, Konrad ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-9369, Mitchell, Philip ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-5235, Degenhardt, Louisa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8513-2218, Ivers, Rebecca ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-662X, Schutte, Alta ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937, Leung, Janni ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-2959, Godinho, Myron ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2506, Maulik, Pallab Kumar ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-6175, Resnikoff, Serge ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-4446, and Xu, Luna ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-6547

Abstract

Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bay

Published
2020

3. Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Abbafati, C, Machado, DB, Cislaghi, B, Salman, OM, Karanikolos, M, McKee, M, Abbas, KM, Brady, OJ, Larson, HJ, Trias-Llimós, S, Cummins, S, Langan, SM, Sartorius, B, Hafiz, A, Jenabi, E, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Borzouei, S, Azarian, G, Khazaei, S, Abbasi, M, Asghari, B, Masoumi, S, Komaki, H, Taherkhani, A, Adabi, M, Abbasifard, M, Bazmandegan, G, Kamiab, Z, Vakilian, A, Anjomshoa, M, Mokari, A, Sabour, S, Shahbaz, M, Saeedi, R, Ahmadieh, H, Yousefinezhadi, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Nikbakhsh, R, Safi, S, Asgari, S, Irvani, SN, Jahanmehr, N, Ramezanzadeh, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Abbastabar, H, Shirkoohi, R, Fazlzadeh, M, Janjani, H, Hosseini, M, Mansournia, M, Tohidinik, H, Bakhtiari, A, Fazaeli, A, Mousavi, S, Hasanzadeh, A, Nabavizadeh, B, Malekzadeh, R, Hashemian, M, Pourshams, A, Salimzadeh, H, Sepanlou, SG, Afarideh, M, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Ghajar, A, Heidari, B, Rezaei, N, Mohamadi, E, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahim, F, Eskandarieh, S, Sahraian, M, Mohebi, F, Aminorroaya, A, Ebrahimi, H, Farzadfar, F, Mohajer, B, Pishgar, F, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Shabani, M, Zarafshan, H, Abolhassani, H, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Abdollahi, M, Farahmand, M, Salamati, P, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Tajdini, M, Aghamir, S, Mirzaei, R, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Khater, MM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abualhasan, A, El-Jaafary, SI, Hassan, A, Elsharkawy, A, Godinho, Myron ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2506, Sachdev, Perminder ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-3220, Leung, Janni ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-2959, Akombi-Inyang, Blessing ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Peden, Amy ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-1511, Jha, Vivekanand ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-9470, Boufous, Soufiane ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-1729, Maulik, Pallab Kumar ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-6175, Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-6323, Schutte, Alta ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937, Pesudovs, Konrad ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-9369, Mitchell, Philip ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-5235, Degenhardt, Louisa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8513-2218, Ivers, Rebecca ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-662X, Resnikoff, Serge ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-4446, John, Oommen ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-1726, Iqbal, Usman ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0614-123X, Abbafati, C, Machado, DB, Cislaghi, B, Salman, OM, Karanikolos, M, McKee, M, Abbas, KM, Brady, OJ, Larson, HJ, Trias-Llimós, S, Cummins, S, Langan, SM, Sartorius, B, Hafiz, A, Jenabi, E, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Borzouei, S, Azarian, G, Khazaei, S, Abbasi, M, Asghari, B, Masoumi, S, Komaki, H, Taherkhani, A, Adabi, M, Abbasifard, M, Bazmandegan, G, Kamiab, Z, Vakilian, A, Anjomshoa, M, Mokari, A, Sabour, S, Shahbaz, M, Saeedi, R, Ahmadieh, H, Yousefinezhadi, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Nikbakhsh, R, Safi, S, Asgari, S, Irvani, SN, Jahanmehr, N, Ramezanzadeh, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Abbastabar, H, Shirkoohi, R, Fazlzadeh, M, Janjani, H, Hosseini, M, Mansournia, M, Tohidinik, H, Bakhtiari, A, Fazaeli, A, Mousavi, S, Hasanzadeh, A, Nabavizadeh, B, Malekzadeh, R, Hashemian, M, Pourshams, A, Salimzadeh, H, Sepanlou, SG, Afarideh, M, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Ghajar, A, Heidari, B, Rezaei, N, Mohamadi, E, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahim, F, Eskandarieh, S, Sahraian, M, Mohebi, F, Aminorroaya, A, Ebrahimi, H, Farzadfar, F, Mohajer, B, Pishgar, F, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Shabani, M, Zarafshan, H, Abolhassani, H, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Abdollahi, M, Farahmand, M, Salamati, P, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Tajdini, M, Aghamir, S, Mirzaei, R, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Khater, MM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abualhasan, A, El-Jaafary, SI, Hassan, A, Elsharkawy, A, Godinho, Myron ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2506, Sachdev, Perminder ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-3220, Leung, Janni ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-2959, Akombi-Inyang, Blessing ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Peden, Amy ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-1511, Jha, Vivekanand ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-9470, Boufous, Soufiane ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-1729, Maulik, Pallab Kumar ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-6175, Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-6323, Schutte, Alta ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937, Pesudovs, Konrad ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-9369, Mitchell, Philip ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-5235, Degenhardt, Louisa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8513-2218, Ivers, Rebecca ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-662X, Resnikoff, Serge ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-4446, John, Oommen ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-1726, and Iqbal, Usman ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0614-123X

Abstract

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3·5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.

Published
2020

4. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Abbafati, C, Machado, DB, Cislaghi, B, Salman, OM, Karanikolos, M, McKee, M, Abbas, KM, Brady, OJ, Larson, HJ, Trias-Llimós, S, Cummins, S, Langan, SM, Sartorius, B, Hafiz, A, Jenabi, E, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Borzouei, S, Azarian, G, Khazaei, S, Abbasi, M, Asghari, B, Masoumi, S, Komaki, H, Taherkhani, A, Adabi, M, Abbasifard, M, Bazmandegan, G, Kamiab, Z, Vakilian, A, Anjomshoa, M, Mokari, A, Sabour, S, Shahbaz, M, Saeedi, R, Ahmadieh, H, Yousefinezhadi, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Nikbakhsh, R, Safi, S, Asgari, S, Irvani, SN, Jahanmehr, N, Ramezanzadeh, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Abbastabar, H, Shirkoohi, R, Fazlzadeh, M, Janjani, H, Hosseini, M, Mansournia, M, Tohidinik, H, Bakhtiari, A, Fazaeli, A, Mousavi, S, Hasanzadeh, A, Nabavizadeh, B, Malekzadeh, R, Hashemian, M, Pourshams, A, Salimzadeh, H, Sepanlou, SG, Afarideh, M, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Ghajar, A, Heidari, B, Rezaei, N, Mohamadi, E, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahim, F, Eskandarieh, S, Sahraian, M, Mohebi, F, Aminorroaya, A, Ebrahimi, H, Farzadfar, F, Mohajer, B, Pishgar, F, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Shabani, M, Zarafshan, H, Abolhassani, H, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Abdollahi, M, Farahmand, M, Salamati, P, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Tajdini, M, Aghamir, S, Mirzaei, R, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Khater, MM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abualhasan, A, El-Jaafary, SI, Hassan, A, Elsharkawy, A, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Abbafati, C, Machado, DB, Cislaghi, B, Salman, OM, Karanikolos, M, McKee, M, Abbas, KM, Brady, OJ, Larson, HJ, Trias-Llimós, S, Cummins, S, Langan, SM, Sartorius, B, Hafiz, A, Jenabi, E, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Borzouei, S, Azarian, G, Khazaei, S, Abbasi, M, Asghari, B, Masoumi, S, Komaki, H, Taherkhani, A, Adabi, M, Abbasifard, M, Bazmandegan, G, Kamiab, Z, Vakilian, A, Anjomshoa, M, Mokari, A, Sabour, S, Shahbaz, M, Saeedi, R, Ahmadieh, H, Yousefinezhadi, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Nikbakhsh, R, Safi, S, Asgari, S, Irvani, SN, Jahanmehr, N, Ramezanzadeh, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Abbastabar, H, Shirkoohi, R, Fazlzadeh, M, Janjani, H, Hosseini, M, Mansournia, M, Tohidinik, H, Bakhtiari, A, Fazaeli, A, Mousavi, S, Hasanzadeh, A, Nabavizadeh, B, Malekzadeh, R, Hashemian, M, Pourshams, A, Salimzadeh, H, Sepanlou, SG, Afarideh, M, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Ghajar, A, Heidari, B, Rezaei, N, Mohamadi, E, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahim, F, Eskandarieh, S, Sahraian, M, Mohebi, F, Aminorroaya, A, Ebrahimi, H, Farzadfar, F, Mohajer, B, Pishgar, F, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Shabani, M, Zarafshan, H, Abolhassani, H, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Abdollahi, M, Farahmand, M, Salamati, P, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Tajdini, M, Aghamir, S, Mirzaei, R, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Khater, MM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abualhasan, A, El-Jaafary, SI, Hassan, A, Elsharkawy, A, and Shariful Islam, Sheikh

Published
2020

5. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Abbafati, C, Machado, DB, Cislaghi, B, Salman, OM, Karanikolos, M, McKee, M, Abbas, KM, Brady, OJ, Larson, HJ, Trias-Llimós, S, Cummins, S, Langan, SM, Sartorius, B, Hafiz, A, Jenabi, E, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Borzouei, S, Azarian, G, Khazaei, S, Abbasi, M, Asghari, B, Masoumi, S, Komaki, H, Taherkhani, A, Adabi, M, Abbasifard, M, Bazmandegan, G, Kamiab, Z, Vakilian, A, Anjomshoa, M, Mokari, A, Sabour, S, Shahbaz, M, Saeedi, R, Ahmadieh, H, Yousefinezhadi, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Nikbakhsh, R, Safi, S, Asgari, S, Irvani, SN, Jahanmehr, N, Ramezanzadeh, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Abbastabar, H, Shirkoohi, R, Fazlzadeh, M, Janjani, H, Hosseini, M, Mansournia, M, Tohidinik, H, Bakhtiari, A, Fazaeli, A, Mousavi, S, Hasanzadeh, A, Nabavizadeh, B, Malekzadeh, R, Hashemian, M, Pourshams, A, Salimzadeh, H, Sepanlou, SG, Afarideh, M, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Ghajar, A, Heidari, B, Rezaei, N, Mohamadi, E, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahim, F, Eskandarieh, S, Sahraian, M, Mohebi, F, Aminorroaya, A, Ebrahimi, H, Farzadfar, F, Mohajer, B, Pishgar, F, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Shabani, M, Zarafshan, H, Abolhassani, H, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Abdollahi, M, Farahmand, M, Salamati, P, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Tajdini, M, Aghamir, S, Mirzaei, R, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Khater, MM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abualhasan, A, El-Jaafary, SI, Hassan, A, Elsharkawy, A, Islam, Shariful, Abbafati, C, Machado, DB, Cislaghi, B, Salman, OM, Karanikolos, M, McKee, M, Abbas, KM, Brady, OJ, Larson, HJ, Trias-Llimós, S, Cummins, S, Langan, SM, Sartorius, B, Hafiz, A, Jenabi, E, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Borzouei, S, Azarian, G, Khazaei, S, Abbasi, M, Asghari, B, Masoumi, S, Komaki, H, Taherkhani, A, Adabi, M, Abbasifard, M, Bazmandegan, G, Kamiab, Z, Vakilian, A, Anjomshoa, M, Mokari, A, Sabour, S, Shahbaz, M, Saeedi, R, Ahmadieh, H, Yousefinezhadi, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Nikbakhsh, R, Safi, S, Asgari, S, Irvani, SN, Jahanmehr, N, Ramezanzadeh, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Abbastabar, H, Shirkoohi, R, Fazlzadeh, M, Janjani, H, Hosseini, M, Mansournia, M, Tohidinik, H, Bakhtiari, A, Fazaeli, A, Mousavi, S, Hasanzadeh, A, Nabavizadeh, B, Malekzadeh, R, Hashemian, M, Pourshams, A, Salimzadeh, H, Sepanlou, SG, Afarideh, M, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Ghajar, A, Heidari, B, Rezaei, N, Mohamadi, E, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahim, F, Eskandarieh, S, Sahraian, M, Mohebi, F, Aminorroaya, A, Ebrahimi, H, Farzadfar, F, Mohajer, B, Pishgar, F, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Shabani, M, Zarafshan, H, Abolhassani, H, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Abdollahi, M, Farahmand, M, Salamati, P, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Tajdini, M, Aghamir, S, Mirzaei, R, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Khater, MM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abualhasan, A, El-Jaafary, SI, Hassan, A, Elsharkawy, A, and Islam, Shariful

Published
2020

6. Health sector spending and spending on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and development assistance for health: progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3

Author

Micah, AE, Su, Y, Bachmeier, SD, Chapin, A, Cogswell, IE, Crosby, SW, Cunningham, B, Harle, AC, Maddison, ER, Moitra, M, Sahu, M, Schneider, MT, Simpson, KE, Stutzman, HN, Tsakalos, G, Zende, RR, Zlavog, BS, Abbafati, C, Abebo, ZH, Abolhassani, H, Abrigo, MRM, Ahmed, MB, Akinyemi, RO, Alam, K, Ali, S, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almasi, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, T, Andrei, CL, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Atnafu, DD, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayanore, MA, Azari, S, Babalola, TK, Bagherzadeh, M, Baig, AA, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, SK, Barnighausen, TW, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Berman, AE, Bhageerathy, R, Bhardwaj, P, Bohluli, M, Busse, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, LLAA, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Catala-Lopez, F, Cevik, M, Chattu, VK, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dianatinasab, M, Hoa, TD, Doshmangir, L, El Tantawi, M, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Faraj, A, Farzadfar, F, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Fullman, N, Gad, MM, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Goharinezhad, S, Grada, A, Bidgoli, HH, Hamidi, S, Harb, HL, Hasanpoor, E, Hay, SI, Hendrie, D, Henry, NJ, Herteliu, C, Hole, MK, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Huda, TM, Humayun, A, Hwang, B-F, Ilesanmi, OS, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SS, Islam, SMS, Islam, MM, Jahani, MA, Jakovljevic, M, James, SL, Javaheri, Z, Jonas, JB, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kalhor, R, Matin, BK, Karimi, SE, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kohler, S, Komaki, H, Kosen, S, Kotlo, A, Koyanagi, A, Kumar, GA, Kusuma, D, Lansingh, VC, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lee, SWH, Lim, L-L, Lozano, R, Abd El Razek, HM, Mahdavi, MM, Maleki, S, Malekzadeh, R, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Martinez, G, Masoumi, SZ, Massenburg, BB, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Meretoja, TJ, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Kostova, NM, Miller, TR, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohajer, B, Mohamadi, E, Darwesh, AM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, AH, Morrison, SD, Mosser, JF, Mousavi, SM, Muriithi, MK, Muthupandian, S, Myint, C-Y, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Nonvignon, J, Noubiap, JJ, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, JO, Olusanya, BO, Bali, AO, Onwujekwe, OE, Otstavnov, SS, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, MO, Padubidri, JR, Palladino, R, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Postma, MJ, Prada, SI, Pribadi, DRA, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rahim, F, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezapour, A, Sabour, S, Sahraian, MA, Salman, OM, Salomon, JA, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santos, JV, Milicevic, MMS, Jose, BPS, Savic, M, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Servan-Mori, E, Setayesh, H, Shaikh, MA, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shrime, MG, Simonetti, B, Singh, JA, Singh, P, Skryabin, VY, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Stefan, SC, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Travillian, R, Undurraga, EA, Valdez, PR, van Boven, JFM, Vasankari, TJ, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Wolfe, CDA, Wu, J, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Bin Zaman, S, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, Y, Murray, CJL, Dieleman, JL, Micah, AE, Su, Y, Bachmeier, SD, Chapin, A, Cogswell, IE, Crosby, SW, Cunningham, B, Harle, AC, Maddison, ER, Moitra, M, Sahu, M, Schneider, MT, Simpson, KE, Stutzman, HN, Tsakalos, G, Zende, RR, Zlavog, BS, Abbafati, C, Abebo, ZH, Abolhassani, H, Abrigo, MRM, Ahmed, MB, Akinyemi, RO, Alam, K, Ali, S, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almasi, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, T, Andrei, CL, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Atnafu, DD, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayanore, MA, Azari, S, Babalola, TK, Bagherzadeh, M, Baig, AA, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, SK, Barnighausen, TW, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Berman, AE, Bhageerathy, R, Bhardwaj, P, Bohluli, M, Busse, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, LLAA, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Catala-Lopez, F, Cevik, M, Chattu, VK, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dianatinasab, M, Hoa, TD, Doshmangir, L, El Tantawi, M, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Faraj, A, Farzadfar, F, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Fullman, N, Gad, MM, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Goharinezhad, S, Grada, A, Bidgoli, HH, Hamidi, S, Harb, HL, Hasanpoor, E, Hay, SI, Hendrie, D, Henry, NJ, Herteliu, C, Hole, MK, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Huda, TM, Humayun, A, Hwang, B-F, Ilesanmi, OS, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SS, Islam, SMS, Islam, MM, Jahani, MA, Jakovljevic, M, James, SL, Javaheri, Z, Jonas, JB, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kalhor, R, Matin, BK, Karimi, SE, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kohler, S, Komaki, H, Kosen, S, Kotlo, A, Koyanagi, A, Kumar, GA, Kusuma, D, Lansingh, VC, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lee, SWH, Lim, L-L, Lozano, R, Abd El Razek, HM, Mahdavi, MM, Maleki, S, Malekzadeh, R, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Martinez, G, Masoumi, SZ, Massenburg, BB, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Meretoja, TJ, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Kostova, NM, Miller, TR, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohajer, B, Mohamadi, E, Darwesh, AM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, AH, Morrison, SD, Mosser, JF, Mousavi, SM, Muriithi, MK, Muthupandian, S, Myint, C-Y, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Nonvignon, J, Noubiap, JJ, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, JO, Olusanya, BO, Bali, AO, Onwujekwe, OE, Otstavnov, SS, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, MO, Padubidri, JR, Palladino, R, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Postma, MJ, Prada, SI, Pribadi, DRA, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rahim, F, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezapour, A, Sabour, S, Sahraian, MA, Salman, OM, Salomon, JA, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santos, JV, Milicevic, MMS, Jose, BPS, Savic, M, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Servan-Mori, E, Setayesh, H, Shaikh, MA, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shrime, MG, Simonetti, B, Singh, JA, Singh, P, Skryabin, VY, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Stefan, SC, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Travillian, R, Undurraga, EA, Valdez, PR, van Boven, JFM, Vasankari, TJ, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Wolfe, CDA, Wu, J, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Bin Zaman, S, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, Y, Murray, CJL, and Dieleman, JL

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 aims to "ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages". While a substantial effort has been made to quantify progress towards SDG3, less research has focused on tracking spending towards this goal. We used spending estimates to measure progress in financing the priority areas of SDG3, examine the association between outcomes and financing, and identify where resource gains are most needed to achieve the SDG3 indicators for which data are available. METHODS: We estimated domestic health spending, disaggregated by source (government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private) from 1995 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. For disease-specific health spending, we estimated spending for HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis for 135 low-income and middle-income countries, and malaria in 106 malaria-endemic countries, from 2000 to 2017. We also estimated development assistance for health (DAH) from 1990 to 2019, by source, disbursing development agency, recipient, and health focus area, including DAH for pandemic preparedness. Finally, we estimated future health spending for 195 countries and territories from 2018 until 2030. We report all spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2019 US$, unless otherwise stated. FINDINGS: Since the development and implementation of the SDGs in 2015, global health spending has increased, reaching $7·9 trillion (95% uncertainty interval 7·8-8·0) in 2017 and is expected to increase to $11·0 trillion (10·7-11·2) by 2030. In 2017, in low-income and middle-income countries spending on HIV/AIDS was $20·2 billion (17·0-25·0) and on tuberculosis it was $10·9 billion (10·3-11·8), and in malaria-endemic countries spending on malaria was $5·1 billion (4·9-5·4). Development assistance for health was $40·6 billion in 2019 and HIV/AIDS has been the health focus area to receive the highest contribution since 2004. In 2019, $374 million of DAH was provided for pandemic preparedness, less than 1% of

Published
2020

8. Lessons from humanitarian clusters to strengthen health system responses to mass displacement in low and middle-income countries: A scoping review.

Author

Durrance-Bagale A, Salman OM, Omar M, Alhaffar M, Ferdaus M, Newaz S, Krishnan S, and Howard N

Abstract

The humanitarian cluster approach was established in 2005 but clarity on how lessons from humanitarian clusters can inform and strengthen health system responses to mass displacement in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) is lacking. We conducted a scoping review to examine the extent and nature of existing research and identify relevant lessons. We used Arksey and O'Malley's scoping framework with Levac's 2010 revisions and Khalil's 2016 refinements, focussing on identifying lessons from discrete humanitarian clusters that could strengthen health system responses to mass population displacement. We summarised thematically by cluster. Of 186 sources included, 56% were peer-reviewed research articles. Most related to health (37%), protection (18%), or nutrition (13%) clusters. Key lessons for health system responses included the necessity of empowering women; ensuring communities are engaged in decision-making processes (e.g. planning and construction of camps and housing) to strengthen trust and bonds between and within communities; and involving potential end-users in technological innovations development (e.g. geographical information systems) to ensure relevance and applicability. Our review provided evidence that non-health clusters can contribute to improving health outcomes using focussed interventions for implementation by government or humanitarian partners to inform LMIC health system responses to mass displacement., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2020 The Authors.)

Published
2020
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