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1. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Collaborators, GBD 2019 Stroke, Feigin, Valery L, Stark, Benjamin A, Johnson, Catherine Owens, Roth, Gregory A, Bisignano, Catherine, Abady, Gdiom Gebreheat, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abedi, Vida, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Agarwal, Gina, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Sohail, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Salih, Yusra Ahmed, Aji, Budi, Akbarpour, Samaneh, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Hamad, Hanadi Al, Alahdab, Fares, Alif, Mohammad, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almustanyir, Sami, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A, Ansar, Adnan, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Arabloo, Jalal, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artanti, Kurnia Dwi, Aryan, Zahra, Asgari, Samaneh, Ashraf, Tahira, Athar, Mohammad, Atreya, Alok, Ausloos, Marcel, Baig, Atif Amin, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Banach, Maciej, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara, Basu, Sanjay, Bazmandegan, Gholamreza, Beghi, Ettore, Beheshti, Mahya, Béjot, Yannick, Bell, Arielle Wilder, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint, Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Birhanu, Mulugeta M, Boloor, Archith, Bonny, Aime, Brauer, Michael, Brenner, Hermann, Bryazka, Dana, Butt, Zahid A, dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Caetano, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cantu-Brito, Carlos, Carrero, Juan J, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Catapano, Alberico L, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Charan, Jaykaran, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chowdhury, Enayet Karim, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Colozza, David, Costa, Vera Marisa, Costanzo, Simona, Criqui, Michael H, Dadras, Omid, Dagnew, Baye, Dai, Xiaochen, Dalal, Koustuv, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, D'Amico, Emanuele, Dandona, Lalit, and Dandona, Rakhi

Subjects
Brain Disorders, Aging, Prevention, Stroke, Clinical Research, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Mass Index, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Humans, Incidence, Income, Ischemic Stroke, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Risk Factors, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

BackgroundRegularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels.MethodsWe applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level.FindingsIn 2019, there were 12·2 million (95% UI 11·0-13·6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93·2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6·55 million (6·00-7·02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11·6% [10·8-12·2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5·7% [5·1-6·2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70·0% (67·0-73·0), prevalent strokes increased by 85·0% (83·0-88·0), deaths from stroke increased by 43·0% (31·0-55·0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32·0% (22·0-42·0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17·0% (15·0-18·0), mortality decreased by 36·0% (31·0-42·0), prevalence decreased by 6·0% (5·0-7·0), and DALYs decreased by 36·0% (31·0-42·0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22·0% (21·0-24·0) and incidence rates increased by 15·0% (12·0-18·0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3·6 (3·5-3·8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3·7 (3·5-3·9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62·4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7·63 million [6·57-8·96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27·9% (3·41 million [2·97-3·91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9·7% (1·18 million [1·01-1·39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79·6 million [67·7-90·8] DALYs or 55·5% [48·2-62·0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34·9 million [22·3-48·6] DALYs or 24·3% [15·7-33·2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28·9 million [19·8-41·5] DALYs or 20·2% [13·8-29·1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28·7 million [23·4-33·4] DALYs or 20·1% [16·6-23·0]), and smoking (25·3 million [22·6-28·2] DALYs or 17·6% [16·4-19·0]).InterpretationThe annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2021

3. Associations of renal function with cerebral small vessel disease and functional outcome in acute intracerebral haemorrhage: A hospital-based prospective cohort study

Author

Nash, Philip S., Best, Jonathan G., Ambler, Gareth, Wilson, Duncan, Banerjee, Gargi, Hostettler, Isabel C., Seiffge, David, Cohen, Hannah, Yousry, Tarek A., Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Lip, Gregory Y.H., Brown, Martin M., Muir, Keith W., Houlden, Henry, Jäger, Hans Rolf, and Werring, David J.

Published
2023
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5. Quantifying the carbon footprint of academic clinical trials: building the evidence base and hotspot identification

Author

Griffiths, Jessica, primary, Adshead, Fiona, additional, Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, additional, Anderson, Craig, additional, Bedson, Emma, additional, Bliss, Judith, additional, Boshoff, Ana, additional, Chen, Xiaoying, additional, Cranley, Denise, additional, Doran, Peter, additional, Dunne, Fidelma, additional, Gamble, Carrol, additional, Gillies, Katie, additional, Hood, Kerenza, additional, Kavanagh, Columb, additional, Malone, Julia, additional, McGregor, Naomi, additional, McNamara, Carolyn, additional, Midha, Elis, additional, Moore, Keith, additional, Murphy, Lucy, additional, Newman, Christine, additional, O’Reilly, Seamus, additional, Perkins, Alexis M, additional, Pett, Sarah, additional, Sydes, Matthew R, additional, Whitty, Laura, additional, You, Frank, additional, Fox, Lisa, additional, and Williamson, Paula, additional

Published
2024
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6. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Collaborators, GBD 2016 Neurology, Feigin, Valery L, Nichols, Emma, Alam, Tahiya, Bannick, Marlena S, Beghi, Ettore, Blake, Natacha, Culpepper, William J, Dorsey, E Ray, Elbaz, Alexis, Ellenbogen, Richard G, Fisher, James L, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Giussani, Giorgia, Glennie, Linda, James, Spencer L, Johnson, Catherine Owens, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Marin, Benoît, Mountjoy-Venning, W Cliff, Nguyen, Minh, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Patel, Anoop P, Piccininni, Marco, Roth, Gregory A, Steiner, Timothy J, Stovner, Lars Jacob, Szoeke, Cassandra EI, Theadom, Alice, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Wright, Claire, Zunt, Joseph Raymond, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Acharya, Dilaram, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Alahdab, Fares, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayuk, Tambe B, Badawi, Alaa, Banach, Maciej, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Baune, Bernhard T, Bedi, Neeraj, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Beuran, Mircea, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Blazes, Christopher Kynrint, Brayne, Carol, Butt, Zahid A, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, and Cantu-Brito, Carlos

Subjects
Neurosciences, Headaches, Pain Research, Aging, Brain Disorders, Prevention, Neurodegenerative, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cause of Death, Dementia, Disability Evaluation, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Nervous System Diseases, Prevalence, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, Clinical Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

BackgroundNeurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.MethodsWe estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach.FindingsGlobally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247-308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8-9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34-44] and DALYs by 15% [9-21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26-30] and DALYs by 27% [24-31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6-46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7-20·8]), Alzheimer's and other dementias (10·4% [9·0-12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6-10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05-1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5-90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8-35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8-17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable).InterpretationGlobally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2019

7. Vascular dysfunction—The disregarded partner of Alzheimer's disease

Author

Sweeney, Melanie D, Montagne, Axel, Sagare, Abhay P, Nation, Daniel A, Schneider, Lon S, Chui, Helena C, Harrington, Michael G, Pa, Judy, Law, Meng, Wang, Danny JJ, Jacobs, Russell E, Doubal, Fergus N, Ramirez, Joel, Black, Sandra E, Nedergaard, Maiken, Benveniste, Helene, Dichgans, Martin, Iadecola, Costantino, Love, Seth, Bath, Philip M, Markus, Hugh S, Salman, Rustam Al‐Shahi, Allan, Stuart M, Quinn, Terence J, Kalaria, Rajesh N, Werring, David J, Carare, Roxana O, Touyz, Rhian M, Williams, Steve CR, Moskowitz, Michael A, Katusic, Zvonimir S, Lutz, Sarah E, Lazarov, Orly, Minshall, Richard D, Rehman, Jalees, Davis, Thomas P, Wellington, Cheryl L, González, Hector M, Yuan, Chun, Lockhart, Samuel N, Hughes, Timothy M, Chen, Christopher LH, Sachdev, Perminder, O'Brien, John T, Skoog, Ingmar, Pantoni, Leonardo, Gustafson, Deborah R, Biessels, Geert Jan, Wallin, Anders, Smith, Eric E, Mok, Vincent, Wong, Adrian, Passmore, Peter, Barkof, Frederick, Muller, Majon, Breteler, Monique MB, Román, Gustavo C, Hamel, Edith, Seshadri, Sudha, Gottesman, Rebecca F, van Buchem, Mark A, Arvanitakis, Zoe, Schneider, Julie A, Drewes, Lester R, Hachinski, Vladimir, Finch, Caleb E, Toga, Arthur W, Wardlaw, Joanna M, and Zlokovic, Berislav V

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Psychology, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Psychology, Aging, Alzheimer's Disease, Neurodegenerative, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Brain Disorders, Vascular Cognitive Impairment/Dementia, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Neurological, Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Biomarkers, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Humans, National Institute on Aging (U.S.), United States, Vascular Diseases, White Matter, Alzheimer's disease, Vascular, Blood-brain barrier, Cerebral blood flow, MRI, Geriatrics, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology
Abstract

Increasing evidence recognizes Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease with multiple contributors to its pathophysiology, including vascular dysfunction. The recently updated AD Research Framework put forth by the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association describes a biomarker-based pathologic definition of AD focused on amyloid, tau, and neuronal injury. In response to this article, here we first discussed evidence that vascular dysfunction is an important early event in AD pathophysiology. Next, we examined various imaging sequences that could be easily implemented to evaluate different types of vascular dysfunction associated with, and/or contributing to, AD pathophysiology, including changes in blood-brain barrier integrity and cerebral blood flow. Vascular imaging biomarkers of small vessel disease of the brain, which is responsible for >50% of dementia worldwide, including AD, are already established, well characterized, and easy to recognize. We suggest that these vascular biomarkers should be incorporated into the AD Research Framework to gain a better understanding of AD pathophysiology and aid in treatment efforts.

Published
2019

10. Synopsis of Guidelines for the Clinical Management of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: Consensus Recommendations Based on Systematic Literature Review by the Angioma Alliance Scientific Advisory Board Clinical Experts Panel

Author

Akers, Amy, Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Awad, Issam A, Dahlem, Kristen, Flemming, Kelly, Hart, Blaine, Kim, Helen, Jusue-Torres, Ignacio, Kondziolka, Douglas, Lee, Cornelia, Morrison, Leslie, Rigamonti, Daniele, Rebeiz, Tania, Tournier-Lasserve, Elisabeth, Waggoner, Darrel, and Whitehead, Kevin

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Brain Disorders, Advisory Committees, Central Nervous System Neoplasms, Consensus, Disease Management, Expert Testimony, Hemangioma, Cavernous, Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System, Humans, Physical Therapy Modalities, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Stroke, United States, Cavernous, Angioma, Malformation, Guidelines, Recommendations, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology
Abstract

BackgroundDespite many publications about cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), controversy remains regarding diagnostic and management strategies.ObjectiveTo develop guidelines for CCM management.MethodsThe Angioma Alliance ( www.angioma.org ), the patient support group in the United States advocating on behalf of patients and research in CCM, convened a multidisciplinary writing group comprising expert CCM clinicians to help summarize the existing literature related to the clinical care of CCM, focusing on 5 topics: (1) epidemiology and natural history, (2) genetic testing and counseling, (3) diagnostic criteria and radiology standards, (4) neurosurgical considerations, and (5) neurological considerations. The group reviewed literature, rated evidence, developed recommendations, and established consensus, controversies, and knowledge gaps according to a prespecified protocol.ResultsOf 1270 publications published between January 1, 1983 and September 31, 2014, we selected 98 based on methodological criteria, and identified 38 additional recent or relevant publications. Topic authors used these publications to summarize current knowledge and arrive at 23 consensus management recommendations, which we rated by class (size of effect) and level (estimate of certainty) according to the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association criteria. No recommendation was level A (because of the absence of randomized controlled trials), 11 (48%) were level B, and 12 (52%) were level C. Recommendations were class I in 8 (35%), class II in 10 (43%), and class III in 5 (22%).ConclusionCurrent evidence supports recommendations for the management of CCM, but their generally low levels and classes mandate further research to better inform clinical practice and update these recommendations. The complete recommendations document, including the criteria for selecting reference citations, a more detailed justification of the respective recommendations, and a summary of controversies and knowledge gaps, was similarly peer reviewed and is available on line www.angioma.org/CCMGuidelines .

Published
2017

11. Genome-wide association study of sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations

Author

Weinsheimer, Shantel, Bendjilali, Nasrine, Nelson, Jeffrey, Guo, Diana E, Zaroff, Jonathan G, Sidney, Stephen, McCulloch, Charles E, Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Berg, Jonathan N, Koeleman, Bobby PC, Simon, Matthias, Bostroem, Azize, Fontanella, Marco, Sturiale, Carmelo L, Pola, Roberto, Puca, Alfredo, Lawton, Michael T, Young, William L, Pawlikowska, Ludmila, Klijn, Catharina JM, and Kim, Helen

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences, Human Genome, Genetics, Pediatric, Congenital Structural Anomalies, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Adult, Cohort Studies, Female, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations, Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, GEN-AVM Consortium, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) remains unknown, but studies suggest a genetic component. We estimated the heritability of sporadic BAVM and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to investigate association of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with risk of sporadic BAVM in the international, multicentre Genetics of Arteriovenous Malformation (GEN-AVM) consortium.MethodsThe Caucasian discovery cohort included 515 BAVM cases and 1191 controls genotyped using Affymetrix genome-wide SNP arrays. Genotype data were imputed to 1000 Genomes Project data, and well-imputed SNPs (>0.01 minor allele frequency) were analysed for association with BAVM. 57 top BAVM-associated SNPs (51 SNPs with p

Published
2016

12. Inhibiting CSF1R alleviates cerebrovascular white matter disease and cognitive impairment

Author

Askew, Katharine E., primary, Beverley, Joshua, additional, Sigfridsson, Emma, additional, Szymkowiak, Stefan, additional, Emelianova, Katherine, additional, Dando, Owen, additional, Hardingham, Giles E., additional, Duncombe, Jessica, additional, Hennessy, Edel, additional, Koudelka, Juraj, additional, Samarasekera, Neshika, additional, Salman, Rustam Al‐Shahi, additional, Smith, Colin, additional, Tavares, Adriana A. S., additional, Gomez‐Nicola, Diego, additional, Kalaria, Raj N., additional, McColl, Barry W., additional, and Horsburgh, Karen, additional

Published
2023
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13. Inhibiting CSF1R alleviates cerebrovascular white matter disease and cognitive impairment.

Author

Askew, Katharine E., Beverley, Joshua, Sigfridsson, Emma, Szymkowiak, Stefan, Emelianova, Katherine, Dando, Owen, Hardingham, Giles E., Duncombe, Jessica, Hennessy, Edel, Koudelka, Juraj, Samarasekera, Neshika, Salman, Rustam Al‐Shahi, Smith, Colin, Tavares, Adriana A. S., Gomez‐Nicola, Diego, Kalaria, Raj N., McColl, Barry W., and Horsburgh, Karen

Published
2024
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15. Recommendations for Clinical Trials in ICH: The Second Hemorrhagic Stroke Academia Industry Roundtable

Author

Selim, Magdy, Hanley, Daniel, Steiner, Thorsten, Christensen, Hanne Krarup, Lafuente, Jesus, Rodriguez, David, Selim, Magdy, Keep, Richard, Steiner, Thorsten, Anderson, Craig, Hanley, Daniel, Keep, Richard, Parry-Jones, Adrian, Nilsson, Michael, Sunnerhagen, Katharina Stibrant, Novick, Elizabeth, Aronowski, Jaroslaw, Lawson, Brooke, Chaudhary, Neeraj, Zhou-Ping, Tang, Steiner, Thorsten, Christensen, Hanne Krarup, Zuccarello, Mario, Woo, Daniel, Shoamanesh, Ashkan, Qureshi, Adnan I., Cordonnier, Charlotte, Anderson, Craig, Klijn, Karin, Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Sprigg, Nikola, Gregson, Barbara, Mendelow, David, Gaudin, Christophe, Pandey, Aditya, Ziai, Wendy, Alcázar-Romero, Pedro Pablo, Montaner, Joan, Marti-Fabregas, Joan, Nilsson, Sara, Schenk, Bettina, Riess, Hanno, You, Chao, Gaist, David, and Broderick, Joseph

Published
2020
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19. Association between the Edinburgh CT and genetic diagnostic criteria for lobar intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy and the risk of recurrent ICH: outline protocol for a population-based analysis, and external validation in a hospital-based cohort

Author

Rodrigues, Mark, Seiffge, David, Werring, David, and Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi

Subjects
Medicine and Dentistry::Clinical Medicine, intracerebral haemorrhage, cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Abstract

This is an outline protocol for a study assessing the association between the Edinburgh CT and genetic diagnostic criteria for lobar intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy and the risk of recurrent ICH.

Published
2023
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20. Impact of Cerebral Microbleeds in Stroke Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Author

Soo, Yannie, Zietz, Annaelle, Yiu, Brian, Mok, Vincent C T, Polymeris, Alexandros A, Seiffge, David, Ambler, Gareth, Wilson, Duncan, Leung, Thomas Wai Hong, Tsang, Suk Fung, Chu, Winnie, Abrigo, Jill, Cheng, Cyrus, Lee, Keon-Joo, Lim, Jae-Sung, Shiozawa, Masayuki, Koga, Masatoshi, Chabriat, Hugues, Hennerici, Michael, Wong, Yuen Kwun, Mak, Henry, Collet, Roger, Inamura, Shigeru, Yoshifuji, Kazuhisa, Arsava, Ethem Murat, Horstmann, Solveig, Purrucker, Jan, Lam, Bonnie Y K, Wong, Adrian, Kim, Young Dae, Song, Tae-Jin, Lemmens, Robin, Eppinger, Sebastian, Gattringer, Thomas, Uysal, Ender, Demirelli, Derya Selçuk, Bornstein, Natan M, Assayag, Einor Ben, Hallevi, Hen, Molad, Jeremy, Nishihara, Masashi, Tanaka, Jun, Coutts, Shelagh B, Kappelle, L Jaap, Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Jager, Rolf, Lip, Gregory Y. H., Goeldlin, Martina B, Panos, Leonidas D, Mas, Jean-Louis, Legrand, Laurence, Karayiannis, Chris, Phan, Thanh, Bellut, Maximilian, Chappell, Francesca, Makin, Stephen, Hayden, Derek, Williams, David, van Dam-Nolen, Dianne H K, Nederkoorn, Paul J, Barbato, Carmen, Browning, Simone, Wiegertjes, Kim, Tuladhar, Anil Man, Mendyk, Anne-Marie, Köhler, Sebastian, van Oostenburgge, Robert, Zhou, Ying, Xu, Chao, Hilal, Saima, Gyanwali, Bibek, Chen, Christopher, Lou, Min, Staals, Julie, Bordet, Regis, Kandiah, Nagaendran, de Leeuw, Frank-Erik, Simister, Robert, Hendrikse, Jeroen, Wardlaw, Joanna, Kelly, Peter, Fluri, Felix, Srikanth, Velandai, Calvet, David, Jung, Simon, Kwa, Vincent I H, Smith, Eric E, Hara, Hideo, Yakushiji, Yusuke, Orken, Dilek Necioglu, Fazekas, Franz, Thijs, Vincent, Heo, Ji-Hoe, Veltkamp, Roland, Ay, Hakan, Imaizumi, Toshio, Lau, Kui Kai, Jouvent, Eric, Toyoda, Kazunori, Yoshimura, Sohei, Bae, Hee-Joon, Martí-Fàbregas, Joan, Prats-Sánchez, Luis, Lyrer, Philippe, Best, Jonathan, Werring, David, Engelter, Stefan T, Peters, Nils, Neurology, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, and ANS - Neurovascular Disorders

Subjects
All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Neurology, Neurology (clinical), Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3]
Abstract

Objectives: Cerebral microbleeds are associated with the risks of ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage, causing clinical dilemmas for antithrombotic treatment decisions. We aimed to evaluate the risks of intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic stroke associated with microbleeds in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with vitamin K antagonists, direct oral anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and combination therapy (i.e. concurrent oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet).Methods: We included patients with documented atrial fibrillation from the pooled individual patient data analysis by the Microbleeds International Collaborative Network. Risks of subsequent intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic stroke were compared between patients with and without microbleeds, stratified by antithrombotic use.Results: A total of 7,839 patients were included. The presence of microbleeds was associated with an increased relative risk of intracranial hemorrhage (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.74, 95% confidence interval = 1.76-4.26) and ischemic stroke (aHR = 1.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.04-1.59). For the entire cohort, the absolute incidence of ischemic stroke was higher than intracranial hemorrhage regardless of microbleed burden. However, for the subgroup of patients taking combination of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy, the absolute risk of intracranial hemorrhage exceeded that of ischemic stroke in those with 2 to 4 microbleeds (25 vs 12 per 1,000 patient-years) and ≥ 11 microbleeds (94 vs 48 per 1,000 patient-years).Interpretation: Patients with atrial fibrillation and high burden of microbleeds receiving combination therapy have a tendency of higher rate of intracranial hemorrhage than ischemic stroke, with potential for net harm. Further studies are needed to help optimize stroke preventive strategies in this high-risk group. ANN NEUROL 2023. Objectives: Cerebral microbleeds are associated with the risks of ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage, causing clinical dilemmas for antithrombotic treatment decisions. We aimed to evaluate the risks of intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic stroke associated with microbleeds in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with vitamin K antagonists, direct oral anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and combination therapy (i.e. concurrent oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet).Methods: We included patients with documented atrial fibrillation from the pooled individual patient data analysis by the Microbleeds International Collaborative Network. Risks of subsequent intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic stroke were compared between patients with and without microbleeds, stratified by antithrombotic use.Results: A total of 7,839 patients were included. The presence of microbleeds was associated with an increased relative risk of intracranial hemorrhage (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.74, 95% confidence interval = 1.76-4.26) and ischemic stroke (aHR = 1.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.04-1.59). For the entire cohort, the absolute incidence of ischemic stroke was higher than intracranial hemorrhage regardless of microbleed burden. However, for the subgroup of patients taking combination of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy, the absolute risk of intracranial hemorrhage exceeded that of ischemic stroke in those with 2 to 4 microbleeds (25 vs 12 per 1,000 patient-years) and ≥ 11 microbleeds (94 vs 48 per 1,000 patient-years).Interpretation: Patients with atrial fibrillation and high burden of microbleeds receiving combination therapy have a tendency of higher rate of intracranial hemorrhage than ischemic stroke, with potential for net harm. Further studies are needed to help optimize stroke preventive strategies in this high-risk group. ANN NEUROL 2023.

Published
2023

21. Early-start antiplatelet therapy after operation in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and high risk of ischemic events (E-start): Protocol for a multi-centered, prospective, open-label, blinded endpoint randomized controlled trial

Author

Wang, Kaiwen, primary, Mo, Shaohua, additional, Liu, Qingyuan, additional, Pu, Jun, additional, Huang, Xiaobin, additional, Kang, Dezhi, additional, Lin, Fixin, additional, Zou, Dewei, additional, Sun, Xinguo, additional, Ren, Jinrui, additional, Tong, Xianzeng, additional, Li, Jiangan, additional, Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, additional, Wang, Nuochuan, additional, Guo, Shuaiwei, additional, Liu, Yang, additional, Zhang, Yanan, additional, Li, Xiong, additional, Wu, Jun, additional, and Wang, Shuo, additional

Published
2022
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22. External validation of e-ASPECTS software for interpreting brain CT in stroke

Author

Mair, Grant, White, Philip, Muir, Keith W., Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Martin, Chloe, Dye, David, Chappell, Francesca M., Vacek, Adam, Macleod, Malcolm, Sprigg, Nikola, Wardlaw, Joanna M., and Bath, Philip M.

Abstract

Objective To test e-ASPECTS software in patients with stroke. Marketed as a decision-support tool, e-ASPECTS may detect features of ischemia or hemorrhage on computed tomography (CT) imaging and quantify ischemic extent using ASPECTS (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score). Methods Using CT from nine stroke studies, we compared software with masked experts. As per indications for software use, we assessed e-ASPECTS results for patients with/without middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemia but no other cause of stroke. In an analysis outside the intended use of software, we enriched our dataset with non-MCA ischemia, hemorrhage, and mimics to simulate a representative ‘front door’ hospital population. With final diagnosis as the reference standard, we tested the diagnostic accuracy of e-ASPECTS for identifying stroke features (ischemia, hyperattenuated arteries, hemorrhage) in the representative population. Results We included 4100 patients (51% female, median age 78 years, NIHSS 10, onset to scan 2·5 hours). Final diagnosis was ischemia (78%), hemorrhage (14%), or mimic (8%). From 3035 CTs with expert-rated ASPECTS, most (2084/3035, 69%) e-ASPECTS results were within one point of experts. In the representative population, the diagnostic accuracy of e-ASPECTS was 71% (95% confidence interval, 70-72%) for detecting ischemic features, 85% (83-86%) for hemorrhage. Software identified more false positive ischemia (12% vs 2%) and hemorrhage (14% vs

Published
2022

25. Medical management with or without interventional therapy for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA): a multicentre, non-blinded, randomised trial

Author

Mohr, J P, Parides, Michael K, Stapf, Christian, Moquete, Ellen, Moy, Claudia S, Overbey, Jessica R, Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Vicaut, Eric, Young, William L, Houdart, Emmanuel, Cordonnier, Charlotte, Stefani, Marco A, Hartmann, Andreas, von Kummer, Rüdiger, Biondi, Alessandra, Berkefeld, Joachim, Klijn, Catharina J M, Harkness, Kirsty, Libman, Richard, Barreau, Xavier, and Moskowitz, Alan J

Published
2014
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31. sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930211068671 ��� Supplemental material for Triple Therapy Prevention of Recurrent Intracerebral Disease Events Trial: Rationale, design and progress

Author

Anderson, Craig S, Rodgers, Anthony, de Silva, H Asita, Martins, Sheila Ouriques, Klijn, Catharina JM, Senanayake, Bimsara, Freed, Ruth, Billot, Laurent, Arima, Hisatomi, Thang, Nguyen Huy, Zaidi, Wan Asyraf Wan, Kherkheulidze, Tinatin, Wahab, Kolawole, Fischer, Urs, Lee, Tsong-Hai, Chen, Christopher, Pontes-Neto, Octavio, Robinson, Thompson, Wang, Jiguang, Naismith, Sharon, Song, Lili, Schreuder, Floris H, Lindley, Richard I, Woodward, Mark, MacMahon, Stephen, Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Chow, Clara K, and Chalmers, John

Subjects
FOS: Clinical medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930211068671 for Triple Therapy Prevention of Recurrent Intracerebral Disease Events Trial: Rationale, design and progress by Craig S Anderson, Anthony Rodgers, H Asita de Silva, Sheila Ouriques Martins, Catharina JM Klijn, Bimsara Senanayake, Ruth Freed, Laurent Billot, Hisatomi Arima, Nguyen Huy Thang, Wan Asyraf Wan Zaidi, Tinatin Kherkheulidze, Kolawole Wahab, Urs Fisher, Tsong-Hai Lee, Christopher Chen, Octavio Pontes-Neto, Thompson Robinson, Jiguang Wang, Sharon Naismith, Lili Song, Floris H Schreuder, Richard I Lindley, Mark Woodward, Stephen MacMahon, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Clara K Chow and John Chalmers in International Journal of Stroke

Published
2022
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32. sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930211062478 ��� Supplemental material for MRI and CT imaging biomarkers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in lobar intracerebral hemorrhage

Author

Schwarz, Ghil, Banerjee, Gargi, Hostettler, Isabel C, Ambler, Gareth, Seiffge, David J, Ozkan, Hatice, Browning, Simone, Simister, Robert, Wilson, Duncan, Cohen, Hannah, Yousry, Tarek, Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Lip, Gregory Y H, Brown, Martin M, Muir, Keith W, Houlden, Henry, J��ger, Rolf, and Werring, David J

Subjects
FOS: Clinical medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930211062478 for MRI and CT imaging biomarkers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in lobar intracerebral hemorrhage by Ghil Schwarz, Gargi Banerjee, Isabel C Hostettler, Gareth Ambler, David J Seiffge, Hatice Ozkan, Simone Browning, Robert Simister, Duncan Wilson, Hannah Cohen, Tarek Yousry, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Gregory Y H Lip, Martin M Brown, Keith W Muir, Henry Houlden, Rolf J��ger and David J Werring in International Journal of Stroke

Published
2022
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37. Endgames

Author

Josephson, Colin B., Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Phillips, Stephen J., Fletcher, John, Kooiman, Gordon G., and Sidhu, Paul S.

Published
2009

38. Spectrum, risk factors and outcomes of neurological complications of COVID-19

Author

Russell, Amy Ross, Hardwick, Marc, Jeyanantham, Athavan, White, Laura, Deb, Saumitro, Burnside, Girvan, Joy, Harriet, Smith, Craig, Pollak, Thomas, Nicholson, Timothy, Davies, Nicholas, Manji, Hadi, Easton, Ava, Ray, Stephen, Zandi, Michael, Coles, Jonathan, Menon, David, Varatharaj, Aravinthan, Mccausland, Beth, Ellul, Mark, Thomas, Naomi, Breen, Gerome, Keddie, Stephen, Lunn, Michael, Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Carson, Alan, Joyce, Eileen, Turner, Martin, Benjamin, Laura, Solomon, Tom, Kneen, Rachel, Pett, Sarah, Thomas, Rhys, Michael, Benedict, and Galea, Ian

Published
2021
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40. Definition and Prioritization of Data Elements for Cohort Studies and Clinical Trials on Patients with Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Proposal of a Multidisciplinary Research Group

Author

Hackenberg, Katharina A. M., Algra, Ale, Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Frösen, Juhana, Hasan, David, Juvela, Seppo, Langer, David, Meyers, Philip, Morita, Akio, Rinkel, Gabriel, Etminan, Nima, Suarez, Jose I., Macdonald, R. Loch, Amin-Hanjani, Sepideh, Brown, Robert D., de Oliveira Manoel, Airton Leonardo, Derdeyn, Colin P., Keller, Emanuela, LeRoux, Peter D., Mayer, Stephan, Rufennacht, Daniel, Stienen, Martin N., Torner, James, Vergouwen, Mervyn D. I., Wong, George K. C., Bijlenga, Philippe, Ko, Nerissa, McDougall, Cameron G., Mocco, J., Murayama, Yuuichi, Werner, Marieke J. H., Damani, Rahul, Broderick, Joseph, Dhar, Raj, Jauch, Edward C., Kirkpatrick, Peter J., Martin, Renee H., Muehlschlegel, Susanne, Mutoh, Tatsushi, Nyquist, Paul, Olson, Daiwai, Mejia-Mantilla, Jorge H., van der Jagt, Mathieu, Bambakidis, Nicholas, Brophy, Gretchen, Bulsara, Ketan, Claassen, Jan, Connolly, E. Sander, Hoffer, S. Alan, Roos, Y. B., Siddiqui, A., Ala’i, Sherita, Esterlitz, Joy, Sheikh, M., Experimental Vascular Medicine, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurology, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, ANS - Neurovascular Disorders, and University of Helsinki, Department of Neurosciences

Subjects
Morphology, Prioritization, medicine.medical_specialty, Biomedical Research, PREDICTION, Clinical Neurology, MEDLINE, ENLARGEMENT, RUPTURE RISK, FREQUENCY, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Data standardization, Unruptured intracranial aneurysms, Multidisciplinary approach, medicine, Humans, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U.S.), Stroke, SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, Clinical Trials as Topic, Aneurysm morphology, Common Data Elements, National Library of Medicine (U.S.), business.industry, 3112 Neurosciences, Intracranial Aneurysm, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, NATURAL-HISTORY, CEREBRAL ANEURYSMS, 3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology, medicine.disease, United States, 3. Good health, Clinical trial, SIZE, Risk factors, Emergency medicine, RISK-FACTORS, GROWTH, Neurology (clinical), Neurosurgery, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cohort study
Abstract

Introduction: Variability in usage and definition of data characteristics in previous cohort studies on unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) complicated pooling and proper interpretation of these data. The aim of the National Institute of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke UIA and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) Common Data Elements (CDE) Project was to provide a common structure for data collection in future research on UIA and SAH. Methods: This paper describes the development and summarization of the recommendations of the working groups (WGs) on UIAs, which consisted of an international and multidisciplinary panel of cerebrovascular specialists on research and treatment of UIAs. Consensus recommendations were developed by review of previously published CDEs for other neurological diseases and the literature on UIAs. Recommendations for CDEs were classified by priority into ‘Core,’ ‘Supplemental—Highly Recommended,’ ‘Supplemental,’ and ‘Exploratory.’ Results: Ninety-one CDEs were compiled; 69 were newly created and 22 were existing CDEs. The CDEs were assigned to eight subcategories and were classified as Core (8), Supplemental—Highly Recommended (23), Supplemental (25), and Exploratory (35) elements. Additionally, the WG developed and agreed on a classification for aneurysm morphology. Conclusion: The proposed CDEs have been distilled from a broad pool of characteristics, measures, or outcomes. The usage of these CDEs will facilitate pooling of data from cohort studies or clinical trials on patients with UIAs.

Published
2019

44. Stroke Unit Care Benefits Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author

Langhorne, Peter, Fearon, Patricia, Ronning, Ole M., Kaste, Markku, Palomaki, Heikki, Vemmos, Kostos, Kalra, Lalit, Indredavik, Bent, Blomstrand, Christian, Rodgers, Helen, Dennis, Martin S., Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Blomstrand, C., Indredavik, B., Kalra, L., Kaste, M., Palomaki, H., Rodgers, H., Ronning, M.O., Vemmos, K., Asplund, K., Berman, P., Blomstrand, C., Britton, M., Cabral, N.L., Cavallini, A., Dey, P., Hamrin, E., Hankey, G., Indredavik, B., Kalra, L., Kaste, M., Laursen, S.O., Ma, R.H., Patel, N., Rodgers, H., Ronning, M.O., Sivenius, J., Stevens, R., Sulter, G., Svensson, A., Vemmos, K., Wood-Dauphinee, S., and Yagura, H.

Published
2013
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46. RESTART Data Sharing

Author

Stephen, Jacqueline and Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi

Subjects
anonymisation, Medicine and Dentistry::Clinical Medicine, clinical trial, clinical data, stroke
Abstract

Documentation addressing the following aspects of data sharing in relation to the RESTART clinical trial results: * overview and data sharing agreement; * process; * anonymisation; * risk of reidentification; * composition of the study data pack; * release.

Published
2020
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47. RESTART data request form

Author

Stephen, Jacqueline and Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi

Subjects
Medicine and Dentistry::Clinical Medicine, clinical trial, clinical data, stroke
Abstract

To request access to the RESTART dataset, please fill out the data request form. Associated documentation is available in the other datasets belonging to this collection, see https://datashare.is.ed.ac.uk/handle/10283/3265 . RESTART recruited 537 participants between 22 May 2013 and 31 May 2018. The main results, based on follow-up of these participants until 30 November 2018, are available and were published on 22 May 2019. A plain English summary is available at:www.RESTARTtrial.org.The main results of the trial were published in The Lancet https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30840-2. The results of the imaging sub-group analyses of the trial were published in The Lancet Neurology https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30184-X). Please read this document about planned secondary analyses: Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi. (2019). RESTART | planned secondary analyses, 2013-2018 [text]. University of Edinburgh. https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/2551 A fully anonymised version of the dataset used for analysis with individual participant data and a data dictionary will be available for other researchers to apply to use 1 year after publication, from 22 May 2020. Written proposals will be assessed by members of the RESTART trial steering committee and a decision made about the appropriateness of the use of data. A data sharing agreement will be put in place before any data are shared. Please read this document about planned data sharing: Stephen, Jacqueline; Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi. (2020). RESTART Data Sharing, [text]. University of Edinburgh https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/2806 .

Published
2020
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48. sj-pdf-1-eso-10.1177_2396987320975724 - Supplemental material for Prescription of blood pressure lowering treatment after intracerebral haemorrhage: Prospective, population-based cohort study

Author

Bonello, Karl, Nelson, Amy PK, Moullaali, Tom J, and Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi

Subjects
FOS: Clinical medicine, education, Cardiology, Medicine, 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-eso-10.1177_2396987320975724 for Prescription of blood pressure lowering treatment after intracerebral haemorrhage: Prospective, population-based cohort study by Karl Bonello, Amy PK Nelson, Tom J Moullaali, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman and for the Lothian Audit of the Treatment of Cerebral Haemorrhage Collaborators in European Stroke Journal

Published
2020
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49. Stroke due to a cardiac myxoma

Author

Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Northridge, David, Graham, Alastair N.J., and Grant, Robin

Subjects
Stroke (Disease) -- Risk factors, Stroke (Disease) -- Case studies, Stroke (Disease) -- Physiological aspects, Myxoma -- Case studies, Myxoma -- Health aspects, Myxoma -- Development and progression, Myxoma -- Diagnosis, Neurology -- Practice, Health, Psychology and mental health
Published
2007

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