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140 results on '"Salmenlinna, Saara"'

1. Clonal dissemination of successful emerging clone mecA-MRSA t304/ST6 among humans and hedgehogs in the Helsinki metropolitan area in Finland

Author

Johansson Venla, Al-Mustapha Ahmad, Heljanko Viivi, Lindholm Laura, Salmenlinna Saara, Sainmaa Sanna, and Heikinheimo Annamari

Subjects
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Wild animals, Antimicrobial resistance, Human–wildlife interface, t304, Hedgehog, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carrying mecC gene (mecC-MRSA) is frequently reported among European hedgehogs (Europeaus erineaus) due to co-evolutionary adaptation to dermatophyte infection in European hedgehogs. The occurrence of MRSA in European hedgehogs in Finland is unknown. Consequently, we investigated the occurrence of MRSA in wild hedgehogs from urban Helsinki metropolitan area in 2020–2021 and applied whole genome sequencing (WGS) to further characterize the studied isolates and compared them with human clinical MRSA isolates. Altogether 115 dead hedgehogs were screened for MRSA using selective cultivation methods. Presumptive MRSA isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and confirmed MRSA isolates were further characterized by spa-typing and WGS. Hedgehog derived MRSA isolates were compared with clinical human MRSA isolates using core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). In total MRSA was recovered from 11 out of 115 (10%) hedgehogs. Among these four different spa types (t304; n = 4, t8835; n = 4, t5133; n = 2 and t622; n = 1) and three different sequence types (STs) (ST6; n = 6, ST7663; n = 4 and ST2840; n = 1) were identified. From the studied MRSA isolates seven harboured the mecA gene (mecA-MRSA) and four were identified as mecC-MRSA. All mecA-MRSA isolates carried immune evasion cluster genes, and one isolate was positive for Panton-Valentine leukocidin. cgMLST comparison revealed close genetic relatedness among three hedgehog and two human mecA-MRSA isolates all belonging to t304/ST6. Our results suggest a clonal dissemination of a successful MRSA clone among humans and hedgehogs. Further studies are warranted to investigate the sources and dissemination of such clone in urban environments. We observed a relatively low occurrence of mecC-MRSA in Finnish hedgehogs.

Published
2023
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4. Hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in children: incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcome

Author

Ylinen, Elisa, Salmenlinna, Saara, Halkilahti, Jani, Jahnukainen, Timo, Korhonen, Linda, Virkkala, Tiia, and Rimhanen-Finne, Ruska

Subjects
Children -- Diseases, Hemolytic-uremic syndrome -- Diagnosis -- Risk factors -- Patient outcomes, Health
Abstract

Background Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a multisystemic disease. In a nationwide study, we characterized the incidence, clinical course, and prognosis of HUS caused by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains with emphasis on risk factors, disease severity, and long-term outcome. Methods The data on pediatric HUS patients from 2000 to 2016 were collected from the medical records. STEC isolates from fecal cultures of HUS and non-HUS patients were collected from the same time period and characterized by whole genome sequencing analysis. Results Fifty-eight out of 262 culture-positive cases developed verified (n = 58, 22%) STEC-HUS. Another 29 cases had probable STEC-HUS, the annual incidence of STEC-HUS being 0.5 per 100,000 children. Eleven different serogroups were detected, O157 being the most common (n = 37, 66%). Age under 3 years (OR 2.4), stx2 (OR 9.7), and stx2a (OR 16.6) were found to be risk factors for HUS. Fifty-five patients (63%) needed dialysis. Twenty-nine patients (33%) developed major neurological symptoms. Complete renal recovery was observed in 57 patients after a median 4.0 years of follow-up. Age under 3 years, leukocyte count over 20 x 10.sup.9/L, and need for dialysis were predictive factors for poor renal outcome. Conclusions Age under 3 years, stx2, and stx2a were risk factors for HUS in STEC-positive children. However, serogroup or stx types did not predict the renal outcome or major CNS symptoms., Author(s): Elisa Ylinen [sup.1] , Saara Salmenlinna [sup.2] , Jani Halkilahti [sup.2] , Timo Jahnukainen [sup.1] , Linda Korhonen [sup.3] [sup.4] , Tiia Virkkala [sup.1] , Ruska Rimhanen-Finne [sup.2] , [...]

Published
2020
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5. An international outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis linked to eggs from Poland: a microbiological and epidemiological study

Author

Bertrand, Sophie, Brennan, Martine, Browning, Lynda, Bruce, Ryan, Cantaert, Vera, Chattaway, Marie, Coia, John, Couper, Sarah, Žohar Čretnik, Tjaša, Daniel, Ondřej, Dionisi, Anna Maria, Fabre, Laetitia, Fitz-James, Ife, Florek, Karolina, Florianová, Martina, Fox, Eithne, Frelih, Tatjana, Grilc, Eva, Katalinic Jankovic, Vera, Jourdan, Nathalie, Karpíšková, Renata, van den Kerkhof, Hans, Kuiling, Sjoerd, Kurečić Filipović, Sanja, Laisnez, Valeska, Lange, Heidi, deLappes, Niall, Leblanc, Judith, Luzzi, Ida, Mandilara, Georgia, Mather, Henry, Mattheus, Wesley, Mellou, Kassiani, Morgan, Deborah, Pászti, Judit, de Pinna, Elizabeth, Ragimbeau, Catherine, Røed, Margrethe Hovda, Salmenlinna, Saara, Smith, Robert, Smith-Palmer, Alison, Špačková, Michaela, Torpdahl, Mia, Trkov, Marija, Trönnberg, Linda, Tzani, Myrsini, Utsi, Lara, Wasyl, Dariusz, Weicherding, Pierre, Pijnacker, Roan, Dallman, Timothy J, Tijsma, Aloys S L, Hawkins, Gillian, Larkin, Lesley, Kotila, Saara M, Amore, Giusi, Amato, Ettore, Suzuki, Pamina M, Denayer, Sarah, Klamer, Sofieke, McCormick, Jacquelyn, Hartman, Hassan, Hughes, Gareth J, Brandal, Lin C T, Brown, Derek, Mossong, Joël, Jernberg, Cecilia, Müller, Luise, Palm, Daniel, Severi, Ettore, Gołębiowska, Joannna, Hunjak, Blaženka, Owczarek, Slawomir, Le Hello, Simon, Garvey, Patricia, Mooijman, Kirsten, Friesema, Ingrid H M, van der Weijden, Coen, van der Voort, Menno, Rizzi, Valentina, and Franz, Eelco

Published
2019
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10. Heat wave-associated vibriosis, Sweden and Finland, 2014

Author

Baker-Austin, Craig, Trinanes, Joaquin A., Salmenlinna, Saara, Lofdahl, Margareta, Siitonen, Anja, Taylor, Nick G.H., and Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime

Subjects
United Kingdom. Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Cholera toxin -- Health aspects, Infection -- Health aspects, Cholera -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Vibrio species are among the most common gram-negative bacteria that inhabit surface waters throughout the world and are responsible for several severe infections in humans and animals (1). Infection usually [...]

Published
2016
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11. Epidemiological and microbiological investigation of a large increase in vibriosis, northern Europe, 2018

Author

Amato, Ettore, primary, Riess, Maximilian, additional, Thomas-Lopez, Daniel, additional, Linkevicius, Marius, additional, Pitkänen, Tarja, additional, Wołkowicz, Tomasz, additional, Rjabinina, Jelena, additional, Jernberg, Cecilia, additional, Hjertqvist, Marika, additional, MacDonald, Emily, additional, Antony-Samy, Jeevan Karloss, additional, Dalsgaard Bjerre, Karsten, additional, Salmenlinna, Saara, additional, Fuursted, Kurt, additional, Hansen, Anette, additional, and Naseer, Umaer, additional

Published
2022
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12. Comparative Genomics of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Pediatric Patients with and without Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome from 2000 to 2016 in Finland

Author

Bai, Xiangning, Ylinen, Elisa, Zhang, Ji, Salmenlinna, Saara, Halkilahti, Jani, Saxen, Harri, Narayanan, Aswathy, Jahnukainen, Timo, Matussek, Andreas, Bai, Xiangning, Ylinen, Elisa, Zhang, Ji, Salmenlinna, Saara, Halkilahti, Jani, Saxen, Harri, Narayanan, Aswathy, Jahnukainen, Timo, and Matussek, Andreas

Abstract

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a serious public health burden worldwide which causes outbreaks of gastrointestinal diseases and the fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) characterized by the triad of mechanical hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. Understanding the mechanism underlying the disease severity and patient outcome is of high importance. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection can cause mild to severe illness, such as nonbloody or bloody diarrhea, and the fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The molecular mechanism underlying the variable pathogenicity of STEC infection is not fully defined so far. Here, we performed a comparative genomics study on a large collection of clinical STEC strains collected from STEC-infected pediatric patients with and without HUS in Finland over a 16-year period, aiming to identify the bacterial genetic factors that can predict the risk to cause HUS and poor renal outcome. Of 240 STEC strains included in this study, 52 (21.7%) were from pediatric patients with HUS. Serotype O157:H7 was the main cause of HUS, and Shiga toxin gene subtype stx2a was significantly associated with HUS. Comparative genomics and pangenome-wide association studies identified a number of virulence and accessory genes overrepresented in HUS-associated STEC compared to non-HUS STEC strains, including genes encoding cytolethal distending toxins, type III secretion system effectors, adherence factors, etc. No virulence or accessory gene was significantly associated with risk factors for poor renal outcome among HUS patients assessed in this study, including need for and duration of dialysis, presence and duration of anuria, and leukocyte counts. Whole-genome phylogeny and multiple-correspondence analysis of pangenomes could not separate HUS STEC from non-HUS STEC strains, suggesting that STEC strains with diverse genetic backgrounds may independently acquire genetic elements that determine their, Funding Agencies|Scandinavian Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Foundation [SLS884041]; Paivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation; Pediatric Research Center

Published
2022
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13. Epidemiological and microbiological investigation of the large increase of vibriosis in northern Europe in 2018

Author

Amato, Ettore, primary, Riess, Maximilian, additional, Thomas-Lopez, Daniel, additional, Linkevicius, Marius, additional, Pitkanen, Tarja, additional, Wolcowicz, Tomasz, additional, Rjabinina, Jelena, additional, Jernberg, Cecilia, additional, Hjertqvist, Marika, additional, MacDonald, Emily, additional, Antony-Samy, Jeevan Karloss, additional, Bjerre, Karsten Dalsgaard, additional, Salmenlinna, Saara, additional, Fuursted, Kurt, additional, Hansen, Anette, additional, and Naseer, Umaer, additional

Published
2021
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16. Human cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 infection, Finland

Author

Salmenlinna, Saara, Lyytikainen, Outi, Vainio, Anni, Myllyniemi, Anna-Liisa, Raulo, Saara, Kanerva, Mari, Rantala, Merja, Thomson, Katariina, Seppanen, Jaana, and Vuopio, Jaana

Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus -- Health aspects -- Research, Staphylococcus aureus infections -- Research -- Risk factors, Disease transmission -- Research -- Risk factors, Health
Abstract

Animals may serve as a reservoir for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The MRSA lineage clonal complex (CC) 398 has been reported to be common among pigs (1-3) and has also [...]

Published
2010
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17. Automated digital reporting of clinical laboratory information to national public health surveillance systems, results of a EU/EEA survey, 2018

Author

Leitmeyer, Katrin, Espinosa, Laura, Broberg, Eeva K., Struelens, Marc J., Allerberger, Franz, Dupont, Yves, Van Gucht, Steven, Quoilin, Sophie, Christova, Iva, Hunjak, Blaženka, Karagiannis, Christos, Křížová, Pavla, Částková, Jitka, Nielsen, Eva Møller, Kähler, Jonas, Peetso, Rita, Salmenlinna, Saara, Möttönen, Teemu, Coignard, Bruno, Diercke, Michaela, Vatopoulos, Alkiviadis, Tóth, Ákos, Kristinsson, Karl Gustaf, McNamara, Eleanor, Pantosi, Annalisa, Mavcutko, Violeta, Griškevičius, Algirdas, Mossong, Joël, Barbara, Christopher, Kortbeek, Titia, Caugant, Dominique A, Dahle, Ulf R, Vold, Line, Skoczyńska, Anna, Machado, Jorge, Ionescu, Gabriel, Madarova, Lucia, Avdičová, Mária, Paragi, Metka, Vazquez, Julio Moreno, Wisell, Karin Tegmark, and Zambon, Maria

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Surveillance Methods, communicable diseases, automated data reporting, early-warning, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Public health surveillance, Virology, medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Electronic Health Records, Humans, antimicrobial resistance, European Union, European union, Data reporting, Disease Notification, media_common, Communicable disease, Surveillance, business.industry, electronic laboratory reporting, Information Dissemination, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Information technology, Clinical Laboratory Services, medicine.disease, public health surveillance, digital surveillance, Europe, Management information systems, Epidemiological Monitoring, clinical microbiology testing, Business, Medical emergency, Public Health
Abstract

Background Timely reporting of microbiology test results is essential for infection management. Automated, machine-to-machine (M2M) reporting of diagnostic and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data from laboratory information management systems (LIMS) to public health agencies improves timeliness and completeness of communicable disease surveillance. Aim We surveyed microbiology data reporting practices for national surveillance of EU-notifiable diseases in European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries in 2018. Methods European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) National Microbiology and Surveillance Focal Points completed a questionnaire on the modalities and scope of clinical microbiology laboratory data reporting. Results Complete data were provided for all 30 EU/EEA countries. Clinical laboratories used a LIMS in 28 countries. LIMS data on EU-notifiable diseases and AMR were M2M-reported to the national level in 14 and nine countries, respectively. In the 14 countries, associated demographic data reported allowed the de-duplication of patient reports. In 13 countries, M2M-reported data were used for cluster detection at the national level. M2M laboratory data reporting had been validated against conventional surveillance methods in six countries, and replaced those in five. Barriers to M2M reporting included lack of information technology support and financial incentives. Conclusion M2M-reported laboratory data were used for national public health surveillance and alert purposes in nearly half of the EU/EEA countries in 2018. Reported data on infectious diseases and AMR varied in extent and disease coverage across countries and laboratories. Improving automated laboratory-based surveillance will depend on financial and regulatory incentives, and harmonisation of health information and communication systems.

Published
2020

19. Elimination of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a University Hospital and District Institutions, Finland. (Research)

Author

Kotilainen, Pirkko, Routamaa, Marianne, Peltonen, Reijo, Oksi, Jarmo, Rintala, Esa, Meurman, Olli, Lehtonen, Olli-Pekka, Eerola, Erkki, Salmenlinna, Saara, Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana, and Rossi, Tuire

Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus -- Physiological aspects, Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Research, Methicillin -- Physiological aspects, Hospitals -- Health aspects, Hospitals -- Quality management, Cross infection -- Research, Cross infection -- Prevention, Nosocomial infections, Hospitals -- Finland
Abstract

From August 1991 to October 1992, two successive outbreaks of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) occurred at a hospital in Finland. During and after these outbreaks, MRSA was diagnosed in 202 [...]

Published
2003

20. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Finland. (Research)

Author

Salmenlinna, Saara, Lyytikainen, Outi, and Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana

Subjects
Communicable diseases -- Research, Staphylococcus aureus -- Research, Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Research
Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is no longer only hospital acquired. MRSA is defined as community acquired if the MRSA-positive specimen was obtained outside hospital settings or within 2 days of [...]

Published
2002

22. Outbreak of multiple strains of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli associated with rocket salad, Finland, autumn 2016

Author

Kinnula, Sohvi, Hemminki, Kaisa, Kotilainen, Hannele, Ruotsalainen, Eeva, Tarkka, Eveliina, Salmenlinna, Saara, Hallanvuo, Saija, Leinonen, Elina, Jukka, Ollgren, Rimhanen-Finne, Ruska, Infektiosairauksien yksikkö, Clinicum, HUSLAB, Department of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, and HUS Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation

Subjects
SAMPLES, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, BACTERIA, bacteria, SEROTYPES, 3111 Biomedicine, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, DIARRHEA
Abstract

In August 2016, an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) with 237 cases occurred in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. Gastroenteritis cases were reported at 11 events served by one catering company. Microbiological and epidemiological investigations suggested rocket salad as the cause of the outbreak. STEC ONT:H-11 and EPEC O-111:H8 strains isolated from food samples containing rocket were identical to the patient isolates. In this outbreak, the reported symptoms were milder than considered before for STEC infection, and the guidelines for STEC control measures need to be updated based on the severity of the illness. Based on our experience in this outbreak, national surveillance criteria for STEC have been updated to meet the practice in reporting laboratories covering both PCR-positive and culture-confirmed findings. We suggest that EPEC could be added to the national surveillance since diagnostics for EPEC are routinely done in clinical laboratories.

Published
2018

23. Shopping Detail Information and Home Freezer Sampling Confirmed the Role of Commercial, Modified-Atmosphere Packaged Meatballs as a Vehicle for Listeriosis in Finland

Author

Keto-Timonen, Riikka, primary, Markkula, Annukka, additional, Halkilahti, Jani, additional, Huttunen, Reetta, additional, Räsänen, Sirpa, additional, Salmenlinna, Saara, additional, Heikkilä, Anne, additional, Puisto, Mia, additional, Närhinen, Maria, additional, Hakkinen, Marjaana, additional, Korkeala, Hannu, additional, and Jalava, Katri, additional

Published
2019
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24. An international outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis linked to eggs from Poland: a microbiological and epidemiological study

Author

Pijnacker, Roan, primary, Dallman, Timothy J, additional, Tijsma, Aloys S L, additional, Hawkins, Gillian, additional, Larkin, Lesley, additional, Kotila, Saara M, additional, Amore, Giusi, additional, Amato, Ettore, additional, Suzuki, Pamina M, additional, Denayer, Sarah, additional, Klamer, Sofieke, additional, Pászti, Judit, additional, McCormick, Jacquelyn, additional, Hartman, Hassan, additional, Hughes, Gareth J, additional, Brandal, Lin C T, additional, Brown, Derek, additional, Mossong, Joël, additional, Jernberg, Cecilia, additional, Müller, Luise, additional, Palm, Daniel, additional, Severi, Ettore, additional, Gołębiowska, Joannna, additional, Hunjak, Blaženka, additional, Owczarek, Slawomir, additional, Le Hello, Simon, additional, Garvey, Patricia, additional, Mooijman, Kirsten, additional, Friesema, Ingrid H M, additional, van der Weijden, Coen, additional, van der Voort, Menno, additional, Rizzi, Valentina, additional, Franz, Eelco, additional, Bertrand, Sophie, additional, Brennan, Martine, additional, Browning, Lynda, additional, Bruce, Ryan, additional, Cantaert, Vera, additional, Chattaway, Marie, additional, Coia, John, additional, Couper, Sarah, additional, Žohar Čretnik, Tjaša, additional, Daniel, Ondřej, additional, Dionisi, Anna Maria, additional, Fabre, Laetitia, additional, Fitz-James, Ife, additional, Florek, Karolina, additional, Florianová, Martina, additional, Fox, Eithne, additional, Frelih, Tatjana, additional, Grilc, Eva, additional, Katalinic Jankovic, Vera, additional, Jourdan, Nathalie, additional, Karpíšková, Renata, additional, van den Kerkhof, Hans, additional, Kuiling, Sjoerd, additional, Kurečić Filipović, Sanja, additional, Laisnez, Valeska, additional, Lange, Heidi, additional, deLappes, Niall, additional, Leblanc, Judith, additional, Luzzi, Ida, additional, Mandilara, Georgia, additional, Mather, Henry, additional, Mattheus, Wesley, additional, Mellou, Kassiani, additional, Morgan, Deborah, additional, de Pinna, Elizabeth, additional, Ragimbeau, Catherine, additional, Røed, Margrethe Hovda, additional, Salmenlinna, Saara, additional, Smith, Robert, additional, Smith-Palmer, Alison, additional, Špačková, Michaela, additional, Torpdahl, Mia, additional, Trkov, Marija, additional, Trönnberg, Linda, additional, Tzani, Myrsini, additional, Utsi, Lara, additional, Wasyl, Dariusz, additional, and Weicherding, Pierre, additional

Published
2019
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25. INNUENDO: A cross‐sectoral platform for the integration of genomics in the surveillance of food‐borne pathogens

Author

Llarena, Ann‐Katrin, primary, Ribeiro‐Gonçalves, Bruno Filipe, additional, Nuno Silva, Diogo, additional, Halkilahti, Jani, additional, Machado, Miguel Paulo, additional, Da Silva, Mickael Santos, additional, Jaakkonen, Anniina, additional, Isidro, Joana, additional, Hämäläinen, Crista, additional, Joenperä, Jasmin, additional, Borges, Vítor, additional, Viera, Luìs, additional, Gomes, João Paulo, additional, Correia, Cristina, additional, Lunden, Janne, additional, Laukkanen‐Ninios, Riikka, additional, Fredriksson‐Ahomaa, Maria, additional, Bikandi, Joseba, additional, Millan, Rosario San, additional, Martinez‐Ballesteros, Ilargi, additional, Laorden, Lorena, additional, Mäesaar, Mihael, additional, Grantina‐Ievina, Lelde, additional, Hilbert, Friederike, additional, Garaizar, Javier, additional, Oleastro, Mónica, additional, Nevas, Mari, additional, Salmenlinna, Saara, additional, Hakkinen, Marjaana, additional, Carriço, João André, additional, and Rossi, Mirko, additional

Published
2018
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26. Nationwide trends in molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Finland, 1997–2004

Author

Kerttula Anne-Marie, Lyytikäinen Outi, Kardén-Lilja Minna, Ibrahem Salha, Salmenlinna Saara, Virolainen Anni, and Vuopio-Varkila Jaana

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background In Finland, the annual number of MRSA notifications to the National Infectious Disease Register (NIDR) has constantly increased since 1995, and molecular typing has revealed numerous outbreak isolates of MRSA. We analyzed the data on MRSA notifications of the NIDR, and MRSA isolates were identified mainly by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) at the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) in Finland during 1997–2004. One isolate representative of each major PFGE type was further characterized by multilocus sequence (MLST)-, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec)-, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-typing. Results The annual number of MRSA notifications to the NIDR rose over ten-fold, from 120 in 1997 to 1458 in 2004, and the proportion of MRSA among S. aureus blood isolates tripled, from mec IV or V. Conclusion The predominant MRSA strains seem to change over time, which encourages us to continue implementing active control measures with each new MRSA case.

Published
2007
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28. Outbreak of multiple strains of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli associated with rocket salad, Finland, autumn 2016

Author

Kinnula, Sohvi, primary, Hemminki, Kaisa, additional, Kotilainen, Hannele, additional, Ruotsalainen, Eeva, additional, Tarkka, Eveliina, additional, Salmenlinna, Saara, additional, Hallanvuo, Saija, additional, Leinonen, Elina, additional, Jukka, Ollgren, additional, and Rimhanen-Finne, Ruska, additional

Published
2018
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29. Characterization of Shigella sonnei isolate carrying Shiga toxin 2-producing gene

Author

Nyholm, Outi, Lienemann, Taru, Halkilahti, Jani, Mero, Sointu, Rimhanen-Finne, Ruska, Lehtinen, Ville, Salmenlinna, Saara, and Siitonen, Anja

Subjects
Health
Abstract

To the Editor: Shigella sonnei causes a bacillary dysentery called shigellosis. Shiga toxins 1 (Stxl) and 2 (Stx2) are mainly produced by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), but Stx1 can [...]

Published
2015

30. High genetic diversity among community-associated Staphylococcus aureus in Europe

Author

Rolo, Joana, Miragaia, Maria, Turlej-Rogacka, Agata, Empel, Joanna, Bouchami, Ons, Faria, Nuno Alexandre, Tavares , Ana, Hryniewicz, Waleria, Fluit, Adriaan C., de Lencastre, Hermínia, Nashev, Dimitar, Melter, Oto, Zemlickova, Helena, Fridrichová, Marta, Westh, Henrik T., Salmenlinna, Saara, Lina, Gerard, Spiliopoulou, Iris, Drougka, Eleanna, Kristóf, Katalin, Rozgonyi, Ferenc, Raponi, Giammarco, Ghezzi, Maria Cristina, Wulf, Mireille W.H., Codita, Irina, Ionescu, G., Nica, Maria, Lísková, Anna, Ruíz-Garbajosa, Patricia, Cantón, Rafael, Domínguez Luzón, M. A., Petersson, Ann Cathrine, Walker, Rebecca, Anderson, Rich, Andrews, Jennifer M., Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), and Molecular, Structural and Cellular Microbiology (MOSTMICRO)

Subjects
respiratory system, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Several studies have addressed the epidemiology of community-associated Staphylococcus aureus (CA-SA) in Europe; nonetheless, a comprehensive perspective remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to describe the population structure of CA-SA and to shed light on the origin of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in this continent. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A total of 568 colonization and infection isolates, comprising both MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), were recovered in 16 European countries, from community and community-onset infections. The genetic background of isolates was characterized by molecular typing techniques (spa typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing) and the presence of PVL and ACME was tested by PCR. MRSA were further characterized by SCCmec typing. We found that 59% of all isolates were associated with community-associated clones. Most MRSA were related with USA300 (ST8-IVa and variants) (40%), followed by the European clone (ST80-IVc and derivatives) (28%) and the Taiwan clone (ST59-IVa and related clonal types) (15%). A total of 83% of MRSA carried Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and 14% carried the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME). Surprisingly, we found a high genetic diversity among MRSA clonal types (ST-SCCmec), Simpson's index of diversity = 0.852 (0.788-0.916). Specifically, about half of the isolates carried novel associations between genetic background and SCCmec. Analysis by BURP showed that some CA-MSSA and CA-MRSA isolates were highly related, suggesting a probable local acquisition/loss of SCCmec. CONCLUSIONS: Our results imply that CA-MRSA origin, epidemiology and population structure in Europe is very dissimilar from that of USA. publishersversion published

Published
2012

33. Rapid differentiation between livestock-associated and livestock- independent staphylococcus aureus CC398 clades

Author

Stegger, Marc, Liu, Cindy Meng Hsin, Larsen, Jesper, Soldanova, Katerina, Aziz, Maliha, Contente-Cuomo, Tania, Petersen, Andreas, Vandendriessche, Stien, Jiménez, Judy J.N., Mammina, Caterina, Van Belkum, Alex, Salmenlinna, Saara, Laurent, Frederic, Skov, Robert, Larsen, Anders A.R., Andersen, Paal P.S., Price, Lance L.B., Stegger, Marc, Liu, Cindy Meng Hsin, Larsen, Jesper, Soldanova, Katerina, Aziz, Maliha, Contente-Cuomo, Tania, Petersen, Andreas, Vandendriessche, Stien, Jiménez, Judy J.N., Mammina, Caterina, Van Belkum, Alex, Salmenlinna, Saara, Laurent, Frederic, Skov, Robert, Larsen, Anders A.R., Andersen, Paal P.S., and Price, Lance L.B.

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 398 (CC398) isolates cluster into two distinct phylogenetic clades based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealing a basal human clade and a more derived livestock clade. The scn and tet(M) genes are strongly associated with the human and the livestock clade, respectively, due to loss and acquisition of mobile genetic elements. We present canonical single-nucleotide polymorphism (canSNP) assays that differentiate the two major host-associated S. aureus CC398 clades and a duplex PCR assay for detection of scn and tet (M). The canSNP assays correctly placed 88 S. aureus CC398 isolates from a reference collection into the human and livestock clades and the duplex PCR assay correctly identified scn and tet(M). The assays were successfully applied to a geographically diverse collection of 272 human S. aureus CC398 isolates. The simple assays described here generate signals comparable to a whole-genome phylogeny for major clade assignment and are easily integrated into S. aureus CC398 surveillance programs and epidemiological studies. © 2013 Stegger et al., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2013

34. Rapid Differentiation between Livestock-Associated and Livestock-Independent Staphylococcus aureus CC398 Clades

Author

Stegger, Marc, primary, Liu, Cindy M., additional, Larsen, Jesper, additional, Soldanova, Katerina, additional, Aziz, Maliha, additional, Contente-Cuomo, Tania, additional, Petersen, Andreas, additional, Vandendriessche, Stien, additional, Jiménez, Judy N., additional, Mammina, Caterina, additional, van Belkum, Alex, additional, Salmenlinna, Saara, additional, Laurent, Frederic, additional, Skov, Robert L., additional, Larsen, Anders R., additional, Andersen, Paal S., additional, and Price, Lance B., additional

Published
2013
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37. Evaluation of molecular typing methods in characterizing a European collection of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: The HARMONY collection

Author

Cookson, Barry, Robinson, Daniel Ashley, Monk, Alastair, Murchan, Stephen, Deplano, Ariane, De Ryck, Rafael, Struelens, Marc, Scheel, Christina, Fussing, Vivian, Salmenlinna, Saara, Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana, Cuny, Christina, Witte, Wolfgang, Tassios, Panayotis, Legakis, Nikolas, Van Leeuwen, Willem, Van Belkum, Alex, Vindel, Anna, Garaizar, Javier, Haeggman, Sara, Olsson-Liljequist, Barbro, Ransjo, Ulrika, Muller-Premru, Manica, Hryniewicz, Waleria, Rossney, Angela, O'Connell, Brian, Short, Benjamin, Thomas, Jonathan, O'Hanlon, Simon, Enright, Mark, Cookson, Barry, Robinson, Daniel Ashley, Monk, Alastair, Murchan, Stephen, Deplano, Ariane, De Ryck, Rafael, Struelens, Marc, Scheel, Christina, Fussing, Vivian, Salmenlinna, Saara, Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana, Cuny, Christina, Witte, Wolfgang, Tassios, Panayotis, Legakis, Nikolas, Van Leeuwen, Willem, Van Belkum, Alex, Vindel, Anna, Garaizar, Javier, Haeggman, Sara, Olsson-Liljequist, Barbro, Ransjo, Ulrika, Muller-Premru, Manica, Hryniewicz, Waleria, Rossney, Angela, O'Connell, Brian, Short, Benjamin, Thomas, Jonathan, O'Hanlon, Simon, and Enright, Mark

Abstract

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2007

39. Bordetella pertussiksen rokoteantigeenituotannon optimointi fermentorikasvatuksilla

Author

Salmenlinna, Saara, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science, Department of Biosciences, Helsingin yliopisto, Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, Biotieteiden laitos, and Helsingfors universitet, Matematisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Biovetenskapliga institutionen

Subjects
CIV-kasvatusalusta, Yleinen mikrobiologia, Allmän mikrobiologi, PT- ja FHA-tuotto, General microbiology, fermentointiolosuhteet, Bordetella pertussis
Published
1995

40. Harmonization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for epidemiological typing of strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A single approach developed by consensus in 10 European laboratories and its application for tracing the spread of related strains

Author

Murchan, Stephen, Kaufmann, Mary Elizabeth, Deplano, Ariane, De Ryck, Rafael, Struelens, Marc, Zinn, Christina Elsberg, Fussing, Vivian, Salmenlinna, Saara, Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana, El Solh, Névine, Cuny, Christina, Witte, Wolfgang, Tassios, Panayotis, Legakis, Nikolas, Van Leeuwen, Willem, Van Belkum, Alex, Vindel, Anna, Laconcha, Idoia, Garaizar, Javier, Haeggman, Sara, Olsson-Liljequist, Barbro, Ransjo, Ulrika, Coombes, Geoffrey, Cookson, Barry, Murchan, Stephen, Kaufmann, Mary Elizabeth, Deplano, Ariane, De Ryck, Rafael, Struelens, Marc, Zinn, Christina Elsberg, Fussing, Vivian, Salmenlinna, Saara, Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana, El Solh, Névine, Cuny, Christina, Witte, Wolfgang, Tassios, Panayotis, Legakis, Nikolas, Van Leeuwen, Willem, Van Belkum, Alex, Vindel, Anna, Laconcha, Idoia, Garaizar, Javier, Haeggman, Sara, Olsson-Liljequist, Barbro, Ransjo, Ulrika, Coombes, Geoffrey, and Cookson, Barry

Abstract

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2003

45. Evaluation of Molecular Typing Methods in Characterizing a European Collection of Epidemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains: the HARMONY Collection

Author

Cookson, Barry D., primary, Robinson, D. Ashley, additional, Monk, Alastair B., additional, Murchan, Stephen, additional, Deplano, Ariane, additional, de Ryck, Rafaël, additional, Struelens, Marc J., additional, Scheel, Christina, additional, Fussing, Vivian, additional, Salmenlinna, Saara, additional, Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana, additional, Cuny, Christina, additional, Witte, Wolfgang, additional, Tassios, Panayotis T., additional, Legakis, Nikolas J., additional, van Leeuwen, Willem, additional, van Belkum, Alex, additional, Vindel, Anna, additional, Garaizar, Javier, additional, Haeggman, Sara, additional, Olsson-Liljequist, Barbro, additional, Ransjo, Ulrika, additional, Muller-Premru, Manica, additional, Hryniewicz, Waleria, additional, Rossney, Angela, additional, O'Connell, Brian, additional, Short, Benjamin D., additional, Thomas, Jonathan, additional, O'Hanlon, Simon, additional, and Enright, Mark C., additional

Published
2007
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47. Assessment of resolution and intercenter reproducibility of results of genotyping Staphylococcus aureus by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of SmaI macrorestriction fragments: A multicenter study

Author

Van Belkum, Alex, Van Leeuwen, Willem, Kaufmann, Mary Elizabeth, Cookson, Barry, Forey, Françoise, Etienne, J. C., Goering, Richard, Tenover, Fred, Steward, Christine, O'Brien, Frances, Grubb, Warren, Tassios, Panayotis, Legakis, Nikolas, Morvan, Anne, El Solh, Névine, De Ryck, Rafael, Struelens, Marc, Salmenlinna, Saara, Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana, Kooistra, Mirjam, Talens, Adriaan, Witte, Wolfgang, Verbrugh, Henri, Van Belkum, Alex, Van Leeuwen, Willem, Kaufmann, Mary Elizabeth, Cookson, Barry, Forey, Françoise, Etienne, J. C., Goering, Richard, Tenover, Fred, Steward, Christine, O'Brien, Frances, Grubb, Warren, Tassios, Panayotis, Legakis, Nikolas, Morvan, Anne, El Solh, Névine, De Ryck, Rafael, Struelens, Marc, Salmenlinna, Saara, Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana, Kooistra, Mirjam, Talens, Adriaan, Witte, Wolfgang, and Verbrugh, Henri

Abstract

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
1998

48. Harmonization of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Protocols for Epidemiological Typing of Strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus : a Single Approach Developed by Consensus in 10 European Laboratories and Its Application for Tracing the Spread of Related Strains

Author

Murchan, Stephen, primary, Kaufmann, Mary Elizabeth, additional, Deplano, Ariane, additional, de Ryck, Raf, additional, Struelens, Marc, additional, Zinn, Christina Elsberg, additional, Fussing, Vivian, additional, Salmenlinna, Saara, additional, Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana, additional, El Solh, Névine, additional, Cuny, Christina, additional, Witte, Wolfgang, additional, Tassios, Panayotis T., additional, Legakis, Nikolas, additional, van Leeuwen, Willem, additional, van Belkum, Alex, additional, Vindel, Anna, additional, Laconcha, Idoia, additional, Garaizar, Javier, additional, Haeggman, Saara, additional, Olsson-Liljequist, Barbro, additional, Ransjo, Ulrika, additional, Coombes, Geoffrey, additional, and Cookson, Barry, additional

Published
2003
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50. Elimination of Epidemic Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusfrom a University Hospital and District Institutions, Finland

Author

Kotilainen, Pirkko, primary, Routamaa, Marianne, additional, Peltonen, Reijo, additional, Oksi, Jarmo, additional, Rintala, Esa, additional, Meurman, Olli, additional, Lehtonen, Olli-Pekka, additional, Eerola, Erkki, additional, Salmenlinna, Saara, additional, Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana, additional, and Rossi, Tuire, additional

Published
2003
Full Text
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