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Abstract The TGFβ signaling pathway is known for its pleiotropic functions in a plethora of biological processes. In melanoma, TGFβ signaling promotes invasiveness and metastasis formation. However, its involvement in the response to therapy is controversial. While several studies have linked TGFβ signaling to elevated resistance to targeted therapy in melanoma, separate findings have indicated a favorable treatment response through TGFβ-mediated increase of cell death. We now found that the outcome of TGFβ signaling in the context of targeted therapy is dose dependent. Unlike low doses, high levels of TGFβ signal activation induce apoptosis upon simultaneous MAPK pathway inhibition, even in targeted therapy resistant melanoma cell lines. Using transcriptomic analyses, combined with genomic target identification of the critical TGFβ signaling effector SMAD4, we demonstrate that parallel activation of TGFβ signaling and MAPK pathway inhibition causes a complete switch of TGFβ target genes from promoting pro-invasive processes to fueling pro-apoptotic pathways. Investigations of underlying mechanisms identified a novel apoptosis-inducing gene signature. Functional validation of signature members highlighted a central role of the pro-apoptotic BCL2 family member BCL2L11 (BIM) in mediating apoptosis in this condition. Using a modified, synthetic version of the TGFB1 mRNA for intra-tumoral injections, we additionally showcase a potential therapeutic application of this treatment combination.

En réunissant la communauté professionnelle de l’eau et de l’agriculture, le colloque « Anticiper pour mieux planifier : quelle demande en eau pour quelle agriculture demain ? » a permis de faire le point sur les méthodes mobilisables et les actions engagées pour améliorer l’anticipation de la demande en eau agricole à l’horizon 2050, tout en soulevant des questions cruciales : sur quelles données de base se fonde la gestion de la ressource en eau ? Quel est le degré de fiabilité de ces données, et que nous disent-elles sur la situation et les tensions actuelles et à venir ? Cet événement a été organisé le 28 septembre 2023 par la Chaire partenariale Eau, Agriculture et Changement Climatique, le réseau INRAE « Systèmes agricoles et Eau » et le pôle Aqua-Valley. L'adaptation au changement climatique et la promotion de pratiques agricoles durables, minimisant les besoins en eau d'irrigation, ont été au cœur des échanges et constituent le cœur de ce numéro spécial.

Abstract We implemented research-based learning (RBL) as an alternative to traditional frontal classroom lectures and laboratory sessions to impart knowledge on the emerging topic of microplastics in soil to students. The RBL module aimed at studying how microplastics (MPs) affect soil processes. We designed low-cost, small-scale and simple experiments for master’s students in Environmental Engineering at the Hamburg University of Technology. Students reported a clear understanding of concepts underlined by their presentation of the results and enthusiasm towards future exploration for their master’s or doctoral projects evidenced by a number of students carrying out research projects in the same field after finishing the module. The experiments were consequently published as an online learning module with the Hamburg Open Online University, to make them accessible for other students. The recent push in the education sector to include innovative teaching and learning methodologies offers new opportunities for RBL that are practical and replicable learning experiences that foster students’ research and problem-solving skills in areas of chemical, soil physics and environmental engineering fields.

Background:. Mastectomy is the first single surgery that transgender men and nonbinary people frequently undergo. We present a prospective series of 155 cases of double incision mastectomy (DIM) with nipple-areolar complex (NAC) graft. Methods:. From January 2019 to December 2022, 165 outpatients were operated on, and 155 are included in the study. We analyzed age, resection weight, blood loss, duration of the procedure, complications, and follow-up. The Student t test combined with the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. If the P value was less than 0.05, the test was considered significant. Results:. A total of 111 (72.6%) patients experienced no complications. Complications (27.4%) were minor: 4 seromas, 8 hematomas, 10 partial necrosis of the NAC, and 8 depigmentation of the NAC. Thirteen patients presented axillary dog ears requiring secondary excision. Two patients had hypertrophic scars. No case of infection was observed. We find a statistically significant correlation between hematoma and perioperative blood loss (P < 0.05), and between dog ears requiring secondary procedure and body mass index (P

Enquadramento: da longevidade, emergem desafios em diversos domínios, como a saúde e a prestação de cuidados. Com o envelhecimento muitas são as morbilidades e comorbilidades que surgem, conduzindo a um maior índice de dependência e uma maior necessidade de cuidados formais ou informais. Objetivo: avaliar a perceção de um grupo de enfermeiros especialistas sobre o papel do prestador de cuidados. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo exploratório e descritivo. Como técnica de recolha de dados recorreu-se a grupo focal através de uma amostra intencional constituída por 13 enfermeiros especialistas em enfermagem médico-cirúrgica (EEEMC). Os dados foram categorizados por consenso com base na técnica de análise de conteúdo e pressupostos de Bardin. Resultados: com análise de conteúdo, criaram-se seis categorias e duas subcategorias. Em todas foram obtidas validações concordantes, revelando valorização por parte dos enfermeiros dos referidos domínios. Papel de prestador de cuidados, stress de prestador de cuidados e potencial do cuidador para tomar conta foram referidos como domínios chave no processo de tomada de decisão. Já os domínios processo familiar, suporte e continuidade de cuidados foram entendidos como secundários, mas, essenciais para a continuidade dos cuidados. Conclusão: os resultados revelam que os EEEMC são unânimes na valorização e capacitação dos prestadores de cuidados em contexto de internamento hospitalar.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the experiences of people with acquired physical disabilities regarding accessibility and social conditions; to identify nurse-led rehabilitation interventions for accessibility and social conditions; to determine nursing-sensitive indicators to improve accessibility and social conditions. Methods: a descriptive-exploratory qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with people with acquired physical disabilities through purposive snowball sampling to address all objectives. Data analysis followed Bardin’s content analysis principles. Furthermore, objectives 2 and 3 were achieved through a reflective theoretical approach. Results: the 27 participants reported accessibility challenges, impacting activities of living and social conditions. This influences rehabilitation nursing, leading to three intervention fields: Assess the ability to perform activities of living and influencing factors; Develop and implement training to perform activities of living; Promote mobility, accessibility, and social participation. Final Considerations: based on participants experiences, we identified nurse-led rehabilitation interventions to promote accessibility and social conditions.

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a valuable tool for studying human development and diseases. iPSCs can be generated by reprogramming from any somatic cells, however establishing primary cell cultures can involve invasive procedures (e.g., skin biopsy) and be labor-intensive. In this paper, we describe an efficient, reliable, and non-invasive method for cultivating primary urine-derived cells (UDCs) and efficiently reprogram them into iPSCs using a feeder-free and non-integrative system. This approach has several advantages: (i) UDCs collection and culture are non-invasive, straightforward, and do not require medical personnel; (ii) reprogramming UDCs using commercially available Sendai viruses is highly efficient and reliable; and (iii) iPSCs generated from UDCs demonstrate strong differentiation potential. To showcase the effectiveness of this method, we generated iPSC lines from UDCs of three control individuals and three patients with Fragile X syndrome.

Abstract Background Recent meta-analyses and randomized studies have shown that among patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy, general anesthesia with mechanical ventilation is associated with better functional status compared to local anesthesia and sedation, and they recommend its use. But once the procedure is completed, when is the optimal moment for extubation? Currently, there are no guidelines recommending the optimal moment for extubation. Prolonged mechanical ventilation time could potentially be linked to increased complications such as pneumonia or disturbances in cerebral blood flow due to the vasodilatation produced by most anesthetic drugs. However, premature extubation in a patient who has suffered a stroke could led to complications such as agitation, disorientation, abolished reflexes, sudden fluctuations in blood pressure, alterations in cerebral blood flow, respiratory distress, bronchial aspiration, and the need for reintubation. We therefore designed a randomized study hypothesizing that early compared with delayed extubation is associated with a better functional outcome 3 months after endovascular thrombectomy treatment under general anesthesia for acute ischemic stroke. Methods This investigator-initiated, single-center, prospective, parallel, evaluated blinded, superiority, randomized controlled trial will include 178 patients with a proximal occlusion of the anterior circulation treated with successful endovascular thrombectomy (TICI 2b-3) under general anesthesia. Patients will be randomly allocated to receive early (

Objective: High rates of negative sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in clinically node-negative (cN0) breast cancer (BC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) have been described. These results are associated with triple-negative (TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2+) subtypes achieving pathologic complete response (pCR). This study evaluates predictive variables and survival in order to assess the possible omission of SLNB after NAC. Materials and Methods: Prospective study of women with cN0 BC treated with NAC and subsequent surgery, between April 2010 and May 2021. SLNB technique included, performing axillary lymphadenectomy in the absence of detection or SLNB-positivity. Multivariable logistic regression was used for analysis of NAC-response and SLNB-results in molecular subtypes: HR-/HER2+, TNBC, HR+/HER2- and HR+/HER2+. Kaplan-Meyer and log-rank were used for survival analysis. Results: A total of 179 patients (50.5±10.1 years) were included. Of these, 39.7% achieved pCR (ypT0/Tis). HR-negative subtypes had higher pCR rates (HR-/HER2+: 59.4%; TNBC: 53.4%), with no cases of SLNB-positive. With residual disease, HR-/HER2+ and TNBC showed low rates of SLNB-positivity (6.7% and 10.3%) versus HR+ (HR+/HER2+: 20%; HR+/HER2-: 44%; p

Background: Ireland’s Smoking Ban reduced health inequalities known to be associated with smoking but some groups may not have benefitted. Mental ill-health and smoking are known to be associated with health inequalities. Whether similar patterns exist for e-cigarette use is less clear, as few data exist. Objectives: To examine: (1) self-reported doctor-diagnosed mental ill-health in Irish 20-year-olds; (2) smoking, e-cigarette, and dual use in those with and without mental ill-health; and (3) protective and risk factors for smoking and e-cigarette use in these groups. Methods: We use cross-sectional data from 20 year-olds in Wave 4 of Growing Up in Ireland Child Cohort. They were asked to self-report mental ill-health which had been diagnosed by a clinician, and their smoking and e-cigarette use. All analyses were performed using SPSS v27. Results: 19.4% (n = 1008) of the total sample (n = 4729) reported a mental ill-health diagnosis. Comparing those with and without, those with mental ill-health had significantly higher prevalence of current smoking (47%, n = 419 vs 36%, n = 1361; OR 1.57, CI: 1.36, 1.82), e-cigarette use (17%, n = 152 vs 13%, n = 485; OR 1.40, CI:1.15, 1.70), and dual use (12%, n = 109 vs 9%, n = 328; OR 1.46, CI:1.16, 1.84). Risk factors for smoking and e-cigarette use were, earlier smoking initiation, peers or primary caregivers who smoked, being in paid employment, one-parent family background, and social media use. Being female was protective. Most risk factors were significantly higher in young adults with mental ill-health but, after adjusting for these variables, respondents with mental ill-health still have significantly higher adjusted higher odds of smoking (aOR 1.28, CI:1.05, 1.56). Conclusions: Inequalities in smoking and e-cigarette use in young adults with mental ill-health are evident 20 years after Ireland’s National Smoking Ban. Despite extensive Tobacco Control interventions in the past 20 years, there is still need in Ireland for new targeted interventions to reduce health inequalities for left-behind young smokers with mental ill-health.

Introduction: The serrated pathway contributes to interval colorectal cancers, highlighting the need for new biomarkers to assess lesion progression risk. The β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycans expression in CRC cells was associated with an invasive phenotype and with immune evasion. Therefore, this study aims to identify potential risk factors for progression of serrated lesions (SLs) to malignancy, analyzing the N-glycosylation profile of epithelial/infiltrating immune cells. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed with data from 53 colonoscopies (48 patients). Sixty-three serrated pathway lesions (SPLs) were characterized based on N-glycosylation profile (lectin histochemistry/flow cytometry) and MGAT5 expression. Statistical analysis was performed to search for associations between the glycoprofile and clinical variables from each patient. Results: Increased β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycans expression in epithelial cells is found associated with age (p = 0.007 in SPL), smoking (p = 0.038 in SL), increased BMI (p = 0.036 in sessile serrated lesions [SSL]), and polyp dimensions ≥10 mm (p = 0.001 in SL), while increased expression of these structures on immune cells is associated with synchronous CA number (CD4+T cells: p = 0.016; CD8+T cells: p = 0.044 in SL) and female gender (p = 0.026 in SL). Moreover, a lower high-mannose N-glycans expression in immune cells is associated with smoking (p = 0.010 in SPL) and synchronous CA presence (p = 0.010 in SPL). Higher expression of these glycans is associated with female (p = 0.016 in SL) and male (p = 0.044 in SL) gender, left colon location (p = 0.028), dysplasia (p = 0.028), and adenocarcinoma (p = 0.010). Conclusions: We identified an association between an abnormal glycoprofile and several clinical risk factors, proposing the N-glycosylation profile as a potential biomarker of tumor progression in the serrated pathway. The N-glycosylation anatomopathological profile analysis could be further used to decide shorter interval follow-up in patients with SPL.

Living with spinal cord injury (SCI) is a challenge that begins in the acute phase, when the disease, the limitations, and the treatments fill the days at the hospital. This study aims to understand the healthcare experience of the person with SCI in the acute phase, based on the Activities of Living Nursing Model (ALNM). It is a qualitative and phenomenological study based on the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was performed using the ATLAS.ti software and Bardin’s methodology. The article was written following the COREQ guidelines. The categories were defined using the Roper–Logan–Tierney Model for Nursing. The sample included 16 people with incomplete SCI, different etiology, and neurological levels. Eleven of the twelve ALNM emerged from the interviews. The activities of mobilizing, eliminating, maintaining a safe environment, and communicating were emphasized the most. Controlling body temperature was not relevant. Mobility deficits and pain increased dependence. Feelings of motivation, encouragement, and frustration were highlighted. Professional expertise, rehabilitation resources, and support equipment promoted independence. The results in this sample revealed that people with SCI in the acute phase have complex challenges related to dependence awareness and treatments, but they always keep recovery expectations in mind.

Abstract We analyse parental smoking and cessation (quitting) associations with teenager e-cigarette, alcohol, tobacco smoking and other drug use, and explore parental smoking as a mechanism for social reproduction. We use data from Waves 1–3 of Growing Up in Ireland (Cohort ’98). Our analytic sample consisted of n = 6,039 participants reporting in all 3 Waves. Data were collected in Waves 1 and 2 when the children were 9 and 13 years old and in Wave 3 at age 17/18 years. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models were used to analyse teenage substance use at Wave 3. Parental smoking was associated with significantly increased risk of all teenage substance use, adjusted odds ratios were aOR2.13 (ever e-cigarette use); aOR1.92 (ever alcohol use); aOR1.88 (current alcohol use); aOR1.90 (ever use of other drugs); aOR2.10 (ever-smoking); and aOR1.91 (current smoking). Primary caregiver smoking cessation (quitting) was associated with a lower risk for teenager current smoking aOR0.62, ever e-cigarette use aOR 0.65 and other drug use aOR 0.57. Primary caregiver smoking behaviour had greater associations than secondary, and age13 exposure more than age 9. Habitus seems to play a role and wealth was protective for teenage smoking. The findings suggest that prevention interventions should target both caregivers and their children.

Abstract Mandibular retrognathia (C2Rm) is one of the most common oral pathologies. Acquiring a better understanding of the points of impact of C2Rm on the entire skull is of major interest in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of this dysmorphism, but also permits us to contribute to the debate on the changes undergone by the shape of the skull during human evolution. However, conventional methods have some limits in meeting these challenges, insofar as they require defining in advance the structures to be studied, and identifying them using landmarks. In this context, our work aims to answer these questions using AI tools and, in particular, machine learning, with the objective of relaying these treatments automatically. We propose an innovative methodology coupling convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and interpretability algorithms. Applied to a set of radiographs classified into physiological versus pathological categories, our methodology made it possible to: discuss the structures impacted by retrognathia and already identified in literature; identify new structures of potential interest in medical terms; highlight the dynamic evolution of impacted structures according to the level of gravity of C2Rm; provide for insights into the evolution of human anatomy. Results were discussed in terms of the major interest of this approach in the field of orthodontics and, more generally, in the field of automated processing of medical images.

ABSTRACTInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology of IBD remains elusive, but the disease is suggested to arise from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors that trigger inadequate immune responses and inflammation in the intestine. The gut microbiome majorly contributes to disease as an environmental variable, and although some causative bacteria are identified, little is known about which specific members of the microbiome aid in the intestinal epithelial barrier function to protect from disease. While chemically inducing colitis in mice from two distinct animal facilities, we serendipitously found that mice in one facility showed remarkable resistance to disease development, which was associated with increased markers of epithelial barrier integrity. Importantly, we show that Akkermansia muciniphila and Parabacteroides distasonis were significantly increased in the microbiota of resistant mice. To causally connect these microbes to protection against disease, we colonized susceptible mice with the two bacterial species. Our results demonstrate that A. muciniphila and P. distasonis synergistically drive a protective effect in both acute and chronic models of colitis by boosting the frequency of type 3 innate lymphoid cells in the colon and by improving gut epithelial integrity. Altogether, our work reveals a combined effort of commensal microbes in offering protection against severe intestinal inflammation by shaping gut immunity and by enhancing intestinal epithelial barrier stability. Our study highlights the beneficial role of gut bacteria in dictating intestinal homeostasis, which is an important step toward employing microbiome-driven therapeutic approaches for IBD clinical management.IMPORTANCEThe contribution of the gut microbiome to the balance between homeostasis and inflammation is widely known. Nevertheless, the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease, which is known to be influenced by genetics, immune response, and environmental cues, remains unclear. Unlocking novel players involved in the dictation of a protective gut, namely, in the microbiota component, is therefore crucial to develop novel strategies to tackle IBD. Herein, we revealed a synergistic interaction between two commensal bacterial strains, Akkermansia muciniphila and Parabacteroides distasonis, which induce protection against both acute and chronic models of colitis induction, by enhancing epithelial barrier integrity and promoting group 3 innate lymphoid cells in the colonic mucosa. This study provides a novel insight on how commensal bacteria can beneficially act to promote intestinal homeostasis, which may open new avenues toward the use of microbiome-derived strategies to tackle IBD.

Introdução: O internamento hospitalar está associado a baixos níveis de mobilidade, com impacto na capacidade para andar, sobretudo nas populações mais idosas. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar a relação entre as intervenções de enfermagem no domínio da marcha em contexto hospitalar e o autocuidado andar. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, retrospetivo, descritivo e correlacional com dados dos registos clínicos dos enfermeiros relativos a pessoas internadas com diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem no domínio do andar. Resultados: A amostra é predominantemente idosa (média 65,99 anos, Desvio Padrão 16,73) e dependente no andar (69,7%). De 6546 participantes, 1142 (17,4%) apresentavam como diagnóstico de admissão patologias do foro musculoesquelético, 916 (14%) lesões de causa externa e 903 (13,8%) doenças do sistema circulatório. As intervenções de enfermagem no domínio da marcha realizaram-se em serviços de Medicina Interna (22,9%), Ortopedia (17,9%) e Neurocirurgia (13,1%). Durante o tempo de internamento hospitalar, cada participante recebeu em média 24 intervenções de enfermagem (DP 50,37), sendo o “assistir no andar”, a mais frequente (47%). Sob as intervenções no domínio da marcha, 92,15% dos participantes mantiveram ou melhoraram a sua capacidade para andar (p

When individuals are exposed to two pure tones with close frequencies presented separately in each ear, they perceive a third sound known as binaural beats (BB), characterized by a frequency equal to the difference between the two tones. Previous research has suggested that BB may influence brain activity, potentially benefiting attention and relaxation. In this study, we hypothesized that the impact of BB on cognition and EEG is linked to the spatial characteristics of the sound. Participants listened to various types of spatially moving sounds (BB, panning and alternate beeps) at 6Hz and 40Hz frequencies. EEG measurements were conducted throughout the auditory stimulation, and participants completed questionnaires on relaxation, affect, and a sustained attention task. The results indicated that binaural, panning sounds and alternate beeps had a more pronounced effect on electrical brain activity than the control condition. Additionally, an improvement in relaxation was observed with these sounds at both 6Hz and 40Hz. Overall, these findings support our hypothesis that the impact of auditory stimulation lies in the spatial attributes rather than the sensation of beating itself.

The sooty bark disease (SBD) is an emerging disease affecting sycamore maple trees (Acer pseudoplatanus) in Europe. Cryptostroma corticale, the causal agent, putatively native to eastern North America, can be also pathogenic for humans causing pneumonitis. It was first detected in 1945 in Europe, with markedly increasing reports since 2000. Pathogen development appears to be linked to heat waves and drought episodes. Here, we analyse the conditions of the SBD emergence in Europe based on a three-decadal time-series data set. We also assess the suitability of aerobiological samples using a species-specific quantitative PCR assay to inform the epidemiology of C. corticale, through a regional study in France comparing two-year aerobiological and epidemiological data, and a continental study including 12 air samplers from six countries (Czechia, France, Italy, Portugal, Sweden and Switzerland). We found that an accumulated water deficit in spring and summer lower than -132 mm correlates with SBD outbreaks. Our results suggest that C. corticale is an efficient airborne pathogen which can disperse its conidia as far as 310 km from the site of the closest disease outbreak. Aerobiology of C. corticale followed the SBD distribution in Europe. Pathogen detection was high in countries within the host native area and with longer disease presence, such as France, Switzerland and Czech Republic, and sporadic in Italy, where the pathogen was reported just once. The pathogen was absent in samples from Portugal and Sweden, where the disease has not been reported yet. We conclude that aerobiological surveillance can inform the spatial distribution of the SBD, and contribute to early detection in pathogen-free countries.

The number of non-native invasive pests and pathogens has increased dramatically in recent years, with disastrous consequences for the health of forests worldwide. Multiple studies have shown that mixed forests may suffer less damage from insect pests than single species forest. This “associational resistance” can be notably explained by the fact that heterospecific neighbours make it more difficult for herbivores to locate and then exploit their host tree. However, the validity of these findings in the case of non-native, invasive pests and pathogens remains to be demonstrated. In this study, we monitored over two hundred Douglas firs in pure and mixed plots of a tree diversity experiment to assess the damage from the non-native gall midge Contarinia pseudotsugae and the non-native needle cast Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii. The probability of Swiss needle-cast infection was lower in Douglas fir trees surrounded by heterospecific neighbours. Gall midge damage was lower on Douglas firs surrounded by taller neighbours, consistent with the hypothesis of reduced host Apparency. Douglas fir trees that were more damaged by C. pseudotsugae were also more often infected by N. gaeumannii. Our study thus provides partial support of the associational resistance hypothesis of mixed forests against exotic pests and pathogens. Promoting forest species diversity at the stand level could, therefore, offer interesting prospects for reducing the impact of biological invasions, especially those involving both pests and pathogens.

Abstract Background Resveratrol and omega-3 have been shown to prevent atherosclerosis. However, histopathological changes and their comparison have not been studied well. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of resveratrol and omega-3 in experimental atherosclerosis of mice. Methods We divided sixty 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice into six groups and followed for 10 weeks: (1) standard diet, (2) atherogenic diet, (3) atherogenic diet along with resveratrol from the start of the sixth week, (4) atherogenic diet along with omega-3 from the start of the sixth week, (5) standard diet along with resveratrol from the start of the sixth week, (6) standard diet along with omega-3 from the start of the sixth week. Results The mice fed on an atherogenic diet had a larger fat area and a thicker aortic wall thickness than mice fed on a standard diet. The use of omega-3 and resveratrol in the mice with an atherogenic diet resulted in a significantly reduced fat area (p-value = 0.003), and resveratrol had a significantly higher effect. Omega-3 or resveratrol induced a significant reduction in aortic wall thickness in mice on an atherogenic diet, and there was no significant difference between them. Among the mice with a standard diet, this study did not observe any significant changes in the fat area or the aortic wall thickness with the consumption of omega-3 or resveratrol. Conclusions Resveratrol and omega-3 had a regressive and therapeutic role in atherosclerosis, with a more significant effect in favor of resveratrol.