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This article examines datafication of the reproductive body in India through use of femtech mobile phone applications (henceforth, apps). Femtech apps quantify reproductive processes such as periods, conception, pregnancy and hormonal health and promise their users greater 'self-awareness' and 'control' through 'self-management'. Most studies on femtech refer to users in the Global North, while there are few studies on femtech adoption in the developing countries. This article, based on qualitative and quantitative data, and informed by a feminist technoscience framework, illustrates how femtech's promise of empowerment through datafication of reproduction is fraught with contradictions and tensions, and has exclusionary and risky consequences for Indian users. It examines the gendered technological landscape's bearing on concrete practices of design and innovation, and shows how femtech reinforces gendered social hierarchies rather than dismantling them and liberating users. Under datafication, health standards become extremely narrowly defined, marginalising those whose reproductive health trajectories may not conform to normative standards. Femtech's proliferation in India has also failed to recognise the structural inequalities and socio-economic disadvantages that characterise healthcare access. Finally, the legal grey areas and ill-defined data privacy policies in India allow for easy commercialisation of users' bodies and personal data possible. This further undermines the liberational rhetoric of femtech, as data privacy breaches are embodied forms of violence with consequences for users' bodily autonomy and dignity. Femtech's pursuit of maximising commercial gain is thus at odds with the feminist technoscience project of minimising women's exploitation and oppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: La atención preconcepcional tiene la finalidad de aumentar las posibilidades de un resultado perinatal favorable, se conoce poco de ella en países de bajos y medianos ingresos en América Latina. Objetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento y prácticas de la APC y su relación con características sociodemográficas y obstétricas en mujeres en edad fértil en el sureste de México. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 138 mujeres que asistieron a centros de atención. Se utilizó un muestreo consecutivo y los datos se recogieron con un cuestionario estructurado. El análisis de datos implicó el cálculo de frecuencias, porcentajes y pruebas inferenciales. Resultados: La puntuación de las mujeres sobre conocimiento de APC obtuvo una media de 13,3 ± 3,24 y para prácticas una media de 8,13 ± 3,44 puntuaciones consideradas como bajas para ambas. El conocimiento de APC obtuvo una relación con la escolaridad (rs.460, p < ,05), el ingreso económico mensual (rs =,334, p < ,05). Además, se obtuvo una relación positiva y significativa entre conocimiento y práctica de la APC (rs=,267, p < ,05). Discusión: Estos hallazgos coinciden con los resultados reportados en estudios realizados en países de bajos y medianos ingresos. Conclusiones: Hay un nivel relativamente bajo de conocimiento y adopción de prácticas de APC en mujeres en edad fértil en el sur de México, y se relaciona con la educación y el ingreso socioeconómico, lo que las coloca en un grupo poblacional de alto riesgo de problemas de salud materno- infantil.

Objective. To analyze the evolution of the sexual and reproductive health indicators of the National Strategy for the Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancy (Enapea, in Spanish) in 2018-19 and 2021-23, and to contrast progress against 2030 targets. Materials and methods. We used the National Health and Nutrition Surveys (Ensanut, in Spanish) 2018-19 (n=14 117) and Ensanut Continua 2021-23 (n=7 505) to estimate the eleven Enapea indicators. Using the difference in proportions test, we analyzed these indicators' progress, regression, or stagnation between 2018-19 and 2021-23. Results. Of the eleven indicators examined, three related to pregnancy and condom knowledge improved, and two related to consistent use of modern contraception and use in the last intercourse worsened. Conclusions. Given that Covid-19 may have slowed the progress of Enapea, it is essential to continue strengthening comprehensive sexuality education; training and sensitizing health personnel; and increasing the coverage and provision of adolescent-friendly services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Derecho is the property of Revista Chilena de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Foundation: infertility is a health problem that affects both sexes with increasing incidence. Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological conditions and one of the main causes of female infertility. Objective: determine the knowledge about chronic endometritis that women in the canton of Ambato, Ecuador, have. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in women with chronic endometritis, belonging to the canton of Ambato, during the period from July to December 2022. The sample was 30 patients selected through non-probabilistic snowball sampling. A thematic content analysis was carried out and the Fuzzy Cognitive Maps method was used. To collect the information, a semi-structured interview was carried out. Results: there was a predominance of patients between 26 and 30 years of age. 76,7 % of the patients reported not having knowledge on the subject, 86,7 % had not received formal sexual and reproductive education and 70 % had been stigmatized. 83,3 % of the women reported not periodically visiting a reproductive health professional and 76,7 % had not accessed information on the subject. 100 % of the patients considered it necessary to hold workshops, talks and carry out community interventions to raise awareness about the impact of chronic endometritis on female fertility. Conclusions: chronic endometritis was present in women of reproductive age, so it is necessary to develop health prevention strategies to minimize its incidence.

The family size in Ghana is increasingly changing from large to small family sizes due to modernization. As societies become modernized, couples begin to limit their family size despite the high value society places on children in marriage and the family. In this study, we explore the factors influencing reproductive behaviour among Ghanaian dual-earner couples by highlighting the subjective views on factors that influence the number of children they have or hope to have as a couple. A qualitative approach was used to collect and analyse data. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 47 dual-earner couples from rural and urban communities selected from five regions in Ghana. Twenty key informant interviews were held with community leaders to provide the social context of the study areas. The data were analysed thematically. The study observed that there were no differences in the factors influencing family size in rural and urban communities in Ghana. Also, the findings are consistent with previous studies that identified factors such as the cost of raising children and women's participation in the labour force although the meanings and interpretations that couples attribute to these factors have changed slightly. Couples' family size was influenced by the need to ensure a comfortable life for their children. Access to modern contraceptives and infertility also came up as influencing family size. Overall, the changing family size among dual earner couples can be attributed to a combination of factors that are interrelated and interdependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to characterize sexual initiation and sexual risk behaviors that accompany the exercise of sexuality among young people between 15 and 29 years of age in Chile. Methodology: with the results of the Tenth National Youth Survey in Chile, through an inferential statistical analysis and the application of logistic regression models, the main descriptors of sexual initiation are profiled, with emphasis on precocity, formality, and preventive behaviour. Results: according to the data, young men and women initiate sexually at early ages, however, they privilege the formality of the bond and there is a greater presence of preventive behaviour compared to the last decade. Conclusions: the importance of developing socio-educational interventions aimed at modifying risky sexual behaviors, intervening mainly on young people's attitudes towards prevention, is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Reproductive autonomy enables a person to freely decide their life plan, including sexual and reproductive health. However, its exercise can be constrained by health determinants and other structural conditions. Knowing the background of women who undergo a Legal Interruption of Pregnancy (LIP) helps identify patterns of inequality and their impact on the exercise of reproductive autonomy. Objective. To analyze the profile of women who legally terminate a pregnancy in Mexico City. Method. Latent class analysis, with the participation of 274 women who terminated a first trimester pregnancy at a public facility. Results. Model of two latent classes: adult (68.34%) and young women (31.65%). Stigma was the predictor variable for class; the higher the score, the lower the probability of belonging to the adult group (p = .019). Adult women were characterized by having lower educational attainment, engaging in unpaid activities, having at least one child, and having had previous abortions, having experienced intimate partner violence in the past twelve months and reporting that their partners did not agree with the interruption of their pregnancy. Young women were students, partnered and reported that their partners had agreed with them to request an abortion. Discussion and conclusion. Despite the legal changes effected, stigma is still present in the abortion demand and access, particularly for women with certain characteristics. It would be useful to include interventions to reduce stigma in counseling, using an approach based on previous experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Welfare Policies & Social Work Journal / Revista Internacional de Políticas de Bienestar y Trabajo Social is the property of Asociacion Internacional de Ciencias Sociales & Trabajo Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El embarazo ectópico se considera un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Se hizo una investigación con el objetivo de establecer los fundamentos acerca del embarazo ectópico y las políticas de salud que se requieren para su mitigación. Esta revisión bibliográfica integrativa incluyó diversos textos, artículos, materiales impresos y digitales relacionados con el embarazo ectópico, consultando las bases de datos y directorios: SciELO, LILACS, Latindex, Medline; mediante el uso de palabras clave en español, quedando seleccionados 18 artículos publicados entre 1990 y 2023. Desde un enfoque histórico social del embarazo ectópico, se determinó que la toma de decisiones clínicas oportunas depende el diagnóstico temprano de esa patología; así como de la identificación de factores de riesgo y la actuación pertinente en consecuencia.

Objetivos: el aborto es un derecho en salud sexual y reproductiva de la mujer en Colombia, sin embargo no toda la sociedad colombiana reconoce este derecho. Este trabajo busca comprender la transformación de los significados después de haber afrontado una interrupción voluntaria del embarazo tardía, en mujeres residentes en Colombia, y su interacción con familiares, amigos y sistema de salud. Materiales y métodos: investigación hermenéutica desde un paradigma constructivista, el análisis se hizo desde una perspectiva feminista con técnicas de la teoría fundamentada: codificación, categorización y comparación constante. Se realizaron 19 entrevistas semiestructuradas a 18 mujeres residentes en Colombia que se sometieron a interrupción voluntaria del embarazo tardía definida por ser una gestación mayor a 20 semanas, acompañada de feticidio e inducción de parto, en dos ciudades colombianas, entre 2016 y 2020. Además, se realizaron dos grupos focales, uno con algunas de las entrevistadas, y otro con feministas expertas para triangular la información emergente del proceso investigativo y profundizar los hallazgos. Resultados: las mujeres tenían un significado negativo y contrario sobre la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo, pero cuando se encuentran inmersas en una situación que las obliga a terminar con la gestación, contravienen los significados propios y los de su sociedad y buscan justificaciones que les ayuden a mantener la decisión. Esta confrontación las hace reflexionar profunda e íntimamente y las lleva a transformar sus vidas. Conclusiones: los significados sobre el aborto, en las mujeres que se realizan interrupción voluntaria del embarazo tardía, generalmente son contrarios a este derecho en salud sexual y reproductiva. Posterior al evento estos significados se transforman por medio de la reflexión consciente de las mujeres al tener que enfrentar sus propios significados y los de la sociedad.

La situación general de las mujeres se encuentra muy vinculada a la evolución del Feminismo, el cual a lo largo de la historia ha tenido como cometido reivindicar los derechos y las garantías que corresponden a las mujeres como personas y como seres humanos. No obstante, pese a la apremiante necesidad de lograr el acceso a las mujeres a la plenitud de sus derechos, el Estado salvadoreño posee una deuda histórica, misma que hasta la fecha no ha sido subsanada, pues a pesar de todos los avances jurídico-normativos relativos a igualdad de género, en la actualidad, los derechos en materia de salud sexual y reproductiva siguen siendo negados, lo cual ha generado consecuencias graves para las mujeres salvadoreñas.

El objetivo de este trabajo de corte exploratorio consiste en la identificación de la incidencia de situaciones de experiencias negativas o desagradables en los procesos reproductivos de mujeres adultas jóvenes menores de 25 años durante sus consultas gineco-obstetras. Para ello, tras una introducción y planteamiento del problema, se incluye un breve análisis teórico de conceptos relacionados con la salud sexual y reproductiva. A continuación, se trata la metodología de investigación, de carácter cualitativo, estableciéndose una serie de objetivos y categorías de análisis para la posterior realización del instrumento. De esta forma, se han realizado entrevistas semiestructuradas de manera individual y anónima a seis participantes que cumplen con el perfil de no haber pasado por partos ni procesos de embarazo y haber estado bajo tratamientos de métodos anticonceptivos de tipo hormonal en algún momento durante los últimos cinco años. Así pues, se han estudiado una serie de categorías de análisis extraídas en base a los objetivos específicos planteados conforme a la literatura referenciada, referidos al abuso o desequilibrio de poder, el trato deshumanizado y los sesgos de información por parte del sistema sanitario durante los procesos sexuales y reproductivos. Finalmente, se concluye que efectivamente existen experiencias desagradables entre las participantes durante estos procedimientos, a lo que se plantean una serie de conclusiones e implicaciones como apartado final de la investigación.

Objetivo: caracterizar la iniciación sexual y las conductas sexuales de riesgo que acompañan el ejercicio de la sexualidad entre jóvenes de 15 a 29 años en Chile. Metodología: con los resultados de la Décima Encuesta Nacional de Juventudes en Chile, mediante un análisis estadístico inferencial y la aplicación de modelos de regresión logística, se perfilan los principales descriptores de la iniciación sexual, con énfasis en la precocidad, formalidad y conducta preventiva. Resultados: según los datos, los y las jóvenes se inician sexualmente a edades tempranas, no obstante, privilegian la formalidad del vínculo y se observa una mayor presencia de conducta preventiva respecto a la última década. Conclusiones: se destaca la importancia de desarrollar intervenciones socioeducativas tendientes a modificar conductas sexuales de riesgo, interviniendo principalmente sobre el componente actitudinal.

Copyright of FIAR: Forum for Inter-American Research is the property of Forum for Inter-American Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To analyze the use of preventive services for sexual and reproductive health (PSSRH) in adult women and men before and during the Covid-19 pandemic and associated sociodemographic characteristics. Materials and methods. Using the 2018-19, 2021 and 2022 National Health and Nutrition Surveys, we analyzed information on performed Papanicolaou and HPV tests, clinical breast examination, mammography, prostate antigen and digital rectal examination. We adjust multivariate logistic models stratified by sex to explore the association between use of the PSSRH and selected variables. Results. Since before the pandemic, low prevalence of diagnostic procedures has been observed, particularly in men, a situation that worsened during the health emergency. People with the most advantaged characteristics presents greater likelihood of using these services. Likewise, we observed gender inequalities in some characteristics. Conclusion. The pandemic highlighted the need to improve and strengthen the PSSRH to achieve greater efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo. Presentar y analizar la respuesta que el sistema de salud peruano viene dando a las necesidades en salud sexual y reproductiva de las mujeres venezolanas que radican en la ciudad de Lima, Perú e identificar algunas de las razones que nos permite entender esta respuesta. Métodos. La información se recogió mediante entrevistas a profundidad semiestructuradas por vía telefónica a 30 mujeres venezolanas, 10 trabajadores de salud y 2 funcionarios del Ministerio de Salud. Resultados. A partir de las experiencias de mujeres venezolanas que acudieron a estos servicios durante el 2019-2020 y de las perspectivas del personal y autoridades de salud presentamos un análisis de la capacidad y limitaciones que los servicios de salud públicos tienen para atender las necesidades de salud sexual y reproductiva de esta población. Los testimonios de las mujeres migrantes reportan una experiencia positiva con un sistema de salud que, a pesar de las deficiencias, responde a las necesidades de salud sexual y reproductiva más comunes. Estas coinciden con los testimonios del personal de salud y con las de las autoridades quienes enfatizan la existencia de políticas prioritarias para la atención de la Salud Sexual y Reproductiva. Conclusión. Este estudio muestra cómo un marco de prioridad nacional (disminuir la mortalidad materna), acompañado de mecanismos operativos de protección social (como el Seguro Integral de Salud), se convierten en instrumentos complementarios, que repercute de manera positiva y extiende beneficios para las y los migrantes, a pesar de no haber considerado a esta población durante el diseño de estas políticas.

Objetivo: sintetizar la evidencia disponible relacionada con el acceso y las prácticas de higiene menstrual en América Latina y el Caribe. Método: revisión de alcance de la literatura con protocolo de investigación registrado en el Open Science Framework, realizada en las bases de datos bibliográficas: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva simple y análisis temático. Resultados: se incluyeron 15 publicaciones, la mayoría de las cuales trataban sobre adolescentes en Brasil: 12 artículos, dos informes técnicos y una monografía de trabajo de conclusión de curso. Como temas recurrentes en las publicaciones se destacan: acceso a condiciones dignas para el manejo de la higiene menstrual; necesidad de acceso a información sobre el manejo de la higiene menstrual; y prácticas para el manejo de la higiene menstrual. Conclusión: adolescentes informan dificultades para acceder a baños, agua y materiales absorbentes, y falta de información sobre la salud menstrual, incluso en las escuelas, lo que lleva al ausentismo escolar. De esta manera, las lagunas en la literatura científica latinoamericana revelan desigualdades y diversidad en las experiencias menstruales interseccionadas por categorías como género, clase social y etnia.

Soy drinks are an increasingly consumed option within the western diet. However, there are concerns about potential endocrine disruptor effects and possible impact on women's reproductive health. This review evaluates scientific documents in gynecology and obstetrics under an evidence-based medicine approach. All methods adhered to PRISMA 2020 declaration guidelines. The evaluated studies do not support a positive association between soy intake and early puberty or breast cancer; instead, a protective effect against such neoplasm was observed. Transplacental passage of soy isoflavones and their presence in breast milk has been reported without any maternal-fetal complications nor congenital malformations. Exposure to soy-derived products appears to have a neutral effect on body weight and bone health. Studies performed in adults indicate that soy may promote a minimal increase in thyrotropin (TSH) in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism. The impact of soy-based foods on gut microbiota appears favorable, especially when consuming fermented products. Many of the human studies have been conducted with isoflavones supplements, isolated or textured soy proteins. Therefore, the results and conclusions should be interpreted cautiously, as these are not entirely applicable to commercial soy beverages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: As part of sexual and reproductive health, abortion is a woman's right in Colombia. However, not all the members of Colombian society recognize this right. The aim of this work is to understand the transformation of meanings after having to cope with voluntary termination of late pregnancy in women living in Colombia, as well as their interaction with family and friends and the health system. Material and methods: Hermeneutic research undertaken within a constructivist paradigm and analyzed from a feminist perspective using grounded theory techniques: coding, categorization and constant comparison. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted among 18 women living in Colombia who underwent voluntary termination of late pregnancy defined as more than 20 weeks of gestation, accompanied by feticide and labor induction, in two Colombian cities between 2016 and 2020. Besides, two focus groups were conducted, one with some of the interviewees and another with feminist experts in order to cross-reference the information derived from the research process and delve deeper into the findings. Results: Women attached a negative and opposite meaning to voluntary termination of pregnancy, but once they found themselves in a situation that forced them to put an end to gestation, they transgressed their own meanings and those of society to find justifications to help them uphold their decision. This confrontation brought them to a place of profound and intimate reflection and led them to transform their lives. Conclusions: Meanings regarding abortion in women who undergo late pregnancy termination are usually contrary to this right in sexual and reproductive health. After the event, these meanings become transformed through a process of conscious reflection as women come face-to-face with their own meanings and those of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud reproductiva en adolescentes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental, tipo antes-después sin grupo control mediante una intervención educativa en adolescentes del consultorio médico Guaguí de Mandinga del policlínico docente Modesto Grimón Cardoza del municipio Baracoa durante el periodo de marzo 2019 a febrero 2020. El universo de estudio se conformó por los 84 adolescentes dispensarizados del consultorio, seleccionándose una muestra no probabilística intencionada de 70 adolescentes. La información recopilada a través del cuestionario aplicado en la etapa diagnóstica y de evaluación fue procesada en forma computarizada presentándose los resultados en tablas de contingencia de 2×2. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo de los datos a través de frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Para el análisis comparativo (antes y después) se aplicó el test de McNemar, considerándose un nivel de significación p

Objective. To characterize the state of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in the adolescent (10-19) and adult (20-49) population. Materials and methods. Using the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022, we estimated prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for SRH indicators. Results. Regarding adolescents, 73.2% have heard of contraceptives, 88.1% know that the condom is used only once and 60.4% that it prevents pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Also, 22.8% have initiated sexual life and 73.2% used a condom in the first intercourse. Regarding adult population, 42.7 and 38.0% did not use contraception in the first and last sexual relationship and 53.4 and 40.7% used a condom in the first and last sexual relationship. We found differences in maternal health care between adolescents and adults. Conclusion. Having updated information on SRH allows us to focus attention on people's needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento de enfermeiros sobre o dispositivo intrauterino no contexto das Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Método: Estudo observacional realizado com enfermeiros da atenção básica. O instrumento de coleta foi elaborado por revisão de literatura e validado por especialistas da área da saúde da mulher. Os dados foram coletados de forma remota entre outubro de 2021 e janeiro de 2022. Respeitaram-se as considerações éticas para pesquisas com seres humanos. Resultados: Participaram 66 enfermeiros. A maioria dos enfermeiros teve seu conhecimento classificado como satisfatório (75,8%). Observou-se que a maioria respondeu corretamente acerca da classificação do DIU com cobre (69,7%), seus efeitos colaterais (89,4%), que o mesmo não interfere na amamentação (97%), não protege contra IST's (92,4%), não desenvolve câncer de colo uterino (92,4%). Sabiam que nulíparas (69,7%), diabéticas (97%) e hipertensas (97%) podem fazer o uso do DIU com cobre. No entanto, desconheciam o uso do DIU como contracepção de emergência (87,8%) e por mulheres com AIDS (66,7%), consideraram a necessidade de exames prévios como critério de elegibilidade (86,4%) e que a perfuração uterina é o risco mais frequente da inserção (63,6%). Conclusão: A falta de conhecimento dos enfermeiros, no âmbito da atenção primária de saúde, sobre o dispositivo intrauterino, torna-se uma barreira que limita o acesso ao método contraceptivo. Deve-se, portanto, fortalecer as habilidades dos enfermeiros por meio da educação continuada para a qualificação da atenção primária à saúde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción y Objetivos. La atención al parto en el medio hospitalario y la violencia institucional que en su interior se ejerce, en algunos casos, constituía ya un tema de interés antes de la Pandemia. No obstante, la irrupción de la pandemia de Covid-19 ha constituido un factor fundamental de vulnerabilidad para las personas, dando un nuevo sentido bioético a la atención al embarazo, parto y nacimiento, el objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar una propuesta formativa piloto sobre bioética en la atención al nacimiento tras la pandemia COVID-19. Material y Métodos. Tras la realización de un grupo focal con expertos y entrevistas semiestructuradas a matronas y mujeres en el periodo comprendido entre marzo y diciembre de 2020 se analizaron las necesidades formativas y se diseñó una propuesta piloto de programa formativo. En este trabajo se presentan los objetivos, metodología, contenidos y evaluación de dicha actividad formativa, dirigida profesionales sanitarios, que se llevó a cabo en mayo de 2022. Resultados. Los resultados de la evaluación de la actividad muestran altas cifras de satisfacción con la formación procurada, e informan favorablemente de su repetición. Asimismo, los datos recogidos apuntan la necesidad que tienen los profesionales sanitarios de más actividades de aplicación de contenidos y ampliación de la formación en bioética en la atención al nacimiento y en atención a la procreación. Discusión y Conclusiones. La implementación de la formación en bioética a profesionales sanitarios y el análisis de los resultados de la formación piloto concluye que promover acciones formativas en dicha temática y someterlas a evaluación es una de las vías para promover la bioética y el respeto al derecho a la salud sexual y reproductiva de los usuarios/as del sistema de salud. Asimismo, el análisis de los resultados muestra que los profesionales reclaman necesidades formativas en materia de bioética.

Objetivo. Identificar las acciones y experiencias de salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR) de mujeres migrantes latinoamericanas en la atención primaria de salud. Método. Se realiza revisión narrativa con búsqueda en las bases de datos Dialnet, Pubmed, CUIDEN, Redalyc, Scielo y BVS. Las palabras claves utilizadas fueron «Mujeres», «Migrantes», «Atención Primaria de Salud», «Salud Reproductiva» y «Salud Sexual», con los operadores boleanos «AND» y «OR». Se incluyen estudios que refieren la atención de mujeres migrantes latinoamericanas en el contexto de salud sexual y reproductiva, excluyendo estudios enfocados a la población pediátrica, adulto mayor y masculina. Resultados. Se incluyeron un total de 16 artículos. Del análisis se desprendieron cuatro categorías: acceso a la atención de salud; estrategias de salud pública en salud sexual y reproductiva; experiencias en salud sexual y reproductiva; percepciones de salud. Conclusiones. La salud sexual y reproductiva de las mujeres migrantes se encuentra influenciada por diversas variables, entre los que destacan factores socioculturales y factores asociados al acceso en atención de salud. Se observa un déficit de información sobre la salud sexual y reproductiva, por lo que existe el desafío de aumentar las investigaciones en este ámbito con tal de generar políticas y protocolos de cuidado que permitan mejorar y adaptar la atención en salud sexual y reproductiva.

La mutilación genital femenina (MGF) es una práctica tradicional muy arraigada y que cuenta con una profunda carga simbólica para las comunidades que la llevan a cabo. Ha sido calificada como un tipo de violencia ejercida contra las mujeres y contra los derechos humanos. El presente trabajo tiene un doble objetivo. Por un lado, analizar el marco normativo existente sobre MGF, partiendo desde tratados internacionales de Naciones Unidas hasta la normativa existente a nivel local en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco (CAPV), y teniendo en consideración también declaraciones, cartas y protocolos de especial relevancia. Por otro lado, estudiar el enfoque de la ciudad de Bilbao, que puede ser considerado una buena práctica para la prevención de la MGF. Recibido: 01 marzo 2023 Aceptado: 06 junio 2023

Background: reducing the number of pregnant women with pregnancy risks and complications are subject to change from preconception. Objective: to characterize the preconceptional risk in females from the 16 Medical office of "Manuel Fajardo Rivero" University Polyclinic health area during 2022. Methods: an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the medical office and time period declared. From a universe of 150 women of childbearing age, chosen by intentional sampling, 43 women with preconceptional risk factors, aged between 13 and 37, were selected. The variables evaluated were age, personal and maternal pathological history, social risk factors, obstetric risk history and contraceptive method. Descriptive statistics was used in the data treatment. Results: ages 20 to 34 (55.81 %) predominated for pregnancy, although extreme ages together accounted for 44.19 %. Bronchial asthma (23.26 %), COVID-19 (18.60 %) and vaginal flow syndrome (16.28 %) were the most frequent personal pathological history; maternal hypertension (25.58 %). Early debut sex (41.86 %), prevailed as social risk, 46.51 % had two or more risks. Nullity (44.19 %) was the most common obstetric history risk. The most commonly used contraceptive method was the condom (32.55 %) while 51.17 % used none. Conclusions: patients with preconception risk included in the study were characterized.

This article examines the scope and limitations of the precision medicine paradigm and its relationship with the collective health approach. To that end, it takes preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) as a paradigmatic example of technologies aimed at the "individualization" of health processes. In this regard, we review the characteristics and scientific and regulatory foundations of PGT technologies in Argentina, and discuss the next steps for their bioethical analysis. More specifically, we shed light on some of the conditions for their implementation from a north-south perspective. We propose three themes or problematic aspects as a synthesis of our analysis, related to biases in the production of knowledge, the values and interests underlying its uses, and the underlying epistemological assumptions of these technologies. Throughout the article, we review these dilemmas and suggest some issues that should be taken into account in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To present and analyze the Peruvian health system's response to the sexual and reproductive health needs of Venezuelan women living in the city of Lima, Peru, and to identify some of the reasons underlying this response. Methods. Information was collected through semi-structured, in-depth telephone interviews with 30 Venezuelan women, 10 healthcare workers, and two Ministry of Health officials. Results. Based on the experiences of Venezuelan women who sought care through these services during 2019-2020 and the perspectives of healthcare personnel and health authorities, we present an analysis of the public health services' capacity and limitations in meeting the sexual and reproductive health needs of this population. Migrant women's testimonies reported a positive experience with a health system that, despite shortcomings, responds to the most common sexual and reproductive health needs. These perspectives parallel the testimonies of healthcare personnel and authorities who emphasized the existence of priority policies for sexual and reproductive health care. Conclusion. This study shows how a national priority framework (reducing maternal mortality), accompanied by operational mechanisms for social protection (such as the Comprehensive Health Insurance program), represent complementary instruments that have a positive impact on and extend benefits to migrants, even though this population was not considered when designing these policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To describe the perspectives of health practitioners on the barriers, gaps, and opportunities that Venezuelan migrant women experienced to accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services during the COVID-19 pandemic and how SRH services were affected in Quito, Ecuador. Methods. Health practitioners involved in SRH services at nine public health care facilities in three zones of Quito were surveyed. The Minimum Initial Service Package readiness assessment tool survey, available from the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Crisis, was adapted for use and data collection in Ecuador. Results. Of 297 respondents, 227 were included in the analysis. Only 16% of the health practitioners agreed that discrimination against migrant Venezuelans women occurred in the health care system. Of those, only 2.3% described specific conditions associated with discrimination, including requiring identification documents (7.5%) and lack of empathy or responsiveness (6.6%). Most (65.2%) respondents reported that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the use of SRH services by women in the general population and by Venezuelan migrant women more so (56.3%) because of more limited access to SRH services, poverty, and vulnerability. There were no differences between perceptions by levels of health care facility, except with regard to the lack of supplies, awareness of discrimination, and the belief that Venezuelan migrant women were affected more negatively than the local population. Conclusion. The perception among health practitioners in Quito was that discrimination occurred infrequently during the COVID-19 pandemic despite affecting the health care system. However, some level of discrimination toward migrant Venezuelan migrant women seeking SRH services was acknowledged and may be underrepresented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To identify sexual risk behaviors and barriers to sexual and reproductive health care (SRH) among Venezuelan female sex workers living in the Dominican Republic. Methods. This was a mixed-methods study using four focus group discussions (FGDs) and a cross-sectional quantitative survey with Venezuelan migrant female sex workers. The study was conducted from September through October 2021 in two urban areas (Santo Domingo and Puerto Plata) in the Dominican Republic. Information collected from the FGDs was analyzed using thematic content analysis, and quantitative data were analyzed using univariate descriptive statistics. Data analysis was conducted from 30 November 2021 to 20 February 2022. Results. In all, 40 Venezuelan migrant female sex workers with a median (range) age of 33 (19-49) years participated in the FGDs and survey. The FDGs identified barriers to SRH services, including immigration status and its implications for formal employment and health access, mental wellbeing, quality-of-life in the Dominican Republic, navigating sex work, perceptions of sex work, SRH knowledge, and limited social support. Findings of the quantitative analysis indicated that most participants reported feeling depressed (78%), lonely/ isolated (75%), and having difficulty sleeping (88%). Participants reported an average of 10 sexual partners in the past 30 days; 55% had engaged in sexual practices while under the influence of alcohol; and only 39% had used a condom when performing oral sex in the past 30 days. Regarding AIDS/HIV, 79% had taken an HIV test in the past 6 months, and 74% knew where to seek HIV services. Conclusions. This mixed-methods study found that nationality and social exclusion have a multilayered influence on migrant female sex workers, sexual risk behaviors, and access to health care. Recommendations for effective evidence-based interventions to address sexual health knowledge need to be implemented to address risky sexual behaviors, improve access to SRH, and reduce affordability barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To understand the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) experiences of migrant women and girls of reproductive age (15--49 years) from the Northern Triangle of Central America (El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras) during their journey to the United States. Methods. A descriptive, qualitative research design included 39 in-depth interviews with migrant women and unaccompanied migrant girls from El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras from January to June 2022. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling. Interviews were transcribed, coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results. Migrant women and girls lack information and resources to manage their SRH during migration. The SRH of those traveling with smugglers is compromised due to their limited access to menstrual pads, water and sanitation services; the risks of transactional sex and sexual violence; the high risk of sexually transmitted infections; the inability to report sexual violence; the lack of access to SRH and prenatal services; and limited knowledge about their sexual and reproductive rights. Conclusions. There is a significant need for improved interventions during the predeparture phase of migration to inform migrant women and girls about the SRH risks they may encounter and to provide information and resources to support their SRH throughout their journey. Special attention should be directed towards trying to reach girls and women who will travel with smugglers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To integrate and analyze empirical studies on the knowledge produced about the sexuality and motherhood experiences of women with disabilities. Method: An Integrative Literature Review carried out with 17 articles collected in the Literature and Retrieval System on Line, Directory of Open Access Journals, Scopus and CINAHL databases, using thematic content analysis. Results: Feelings of exclusion and stigma towards sexuality and motherhood were identified; as well as lack of sexual and reproductive education for women with disabilities, resulting from their social image; and scarcity of health professionals duly trained to guide and welcome women in the face of motherhood, both during and after the pregnancy-puerperal process. Conclusions: The sexuality and motherhood of women with disabilities are influenced by their social and professional recognition as productive people, capable of exercising their autonomy, in addition to the importance of health professionals duly trained to deal with individual differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goals. investigate the circumstances that intervened in the choice of female sterilization as a planning method for women in social vulnerability in the city of Bogotá. Methodology. A qualitative approach was made to 12 women who had been sterilized in the last 10 years, through indepth interviews, recorded, transcribed and with information analyzed by generating categories from the discourse. Results and conclusions. In the interviews, the lack of knowledge about sexual and reproductive rights is reiterated, there is a relationship between the void in the counseling for the initiation of fertility regulation methods and, above all, a loss of autonomy in decision-making, permeated by the system of health, which includes the lack of information regarding the performance of the procedure, situations that create consequences at the physical, reproductive and mental health levels of women, who, even for gender reasons, are mostly vulnerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La histerectomía en la India ha generado sospechas por su aumento inusual en mujeres jóvenes, analfabetas y pobres de zonas rurales. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la relación entre violencia obstétrica, explotación laboral agrícola, prácticas médicas no éticas y tabúes relativos al útero y la menstruación. La metodología estuvo basada en una revisión bibliográfica sistemática mediante motores de búsquedas académicos que posibilitaron localizar las publicaciones más actuales y significativas sobre la problemática tratada. Los resultados indican que la práctica de la histerectomía está normalizada en la India y que resulta funcional al sistema capitalista, al sistema sanitario y a las pacientes para conseguir o conservar el empleo. Se concluye con la necesidad de activar auditorias médicas, destinar esfuerzos para lograr una mayor transparencia de los servicios sanitarios y centrar la atención sanitaria en una perspectiva de derechos humanos, con un enfoque de género que, especialmente empodere a las mujeres de bajo recursos para tomar decisiones que afectan a su propio cuerpo.

Objetivos: explorar la salud sexual y reproductiva, en interfaz con la salud mental, en las mujeres supervivientes de la masacre de Bojayá, considerando los aspectos físicos y psicológicos involucrados en el pleno ejercicio de la sexualidad y en la reproducción a partir del análisis de registros de valoraciones clínicas recolectados en 2018. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo mixto, cuantitativo tipo serie de casos y cualitativo tipo narrativo de tópicos. En el componente cuantitativo participaron 44 mujeres supervivientes directas de un artefacto explosivo; en el componente cualitativo participaron 10 de ellas, que presentaban disfunción sexual. El muestreo fue por conveniencia. Las fuentes de información fueron los registros de atención. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes, ginecobstétricos, síntomas, signos y diagnósticos de disfunción sexual y de salud mental a partir del CIE X. Análisis epidemiológico descriptivo y análisis narrativo cualitativo, en los que se identificaron temáticas emergentes sobre problemáticas vivenciadas y priorizadas, así como eventos significativos relacionados. Resultados: la edad promedio fue 45 años; 54% presentaba sintomatología ginecológica; 32% dificultades para acceder a planificación familiar; 23% disfunciones sexuales; 13,63% antecedente de violencia sexual; y 34% violencia intrafamiliar; 61,36% con trastorno de estrés postraumático; el componente cualitativo evidenció frecuentes vivencias de violencia de pareja, problemas familiares, y sufrimiento por sintomatología no tratada. Conclusiones: en mujeres supervivientes del conflicto armado, deben evaluarse rutinariamente posibles disfunciones sexuales, trastornos postraumáticos, y antecedentes de poli victimización. Son necesarios nuevos estudios descriptivos y analíticos, explorando estos aspectos y sus relaciones.

El libro ofrece una revisión de las tendencias de la fecundidad en países en desarrollo y los debates teóricos alrededor de ellas. A partir de información de la División de Población de Naciones Unidas y encuestas nacionales de salud o demográficas, los autores proponen una visión global de los cambios en las últimas décadas, así como una sistematización de los retos y oportunidades que ellos significan. La obra presenta una revisión de las tendencias globales de la fecundidad a partir de 1950 y los factores y políticas públicas vinculados a ellos; discute alrededor de la relación entre el desarrollo y los cambios en la fecundidad (principalmente el descenso) y ofrece una revisión de las alteraciones en los niveles de la fecundidad que se han observado en los países en desarrollo en el siglo XXI.

Objetivo: Medir la capacidad de discriminación de ítems, fiabilidad y validez de constructo de una escala que mide el nivel de Alfabetización en Salud Sexual y Reproductiva. Métodos: Mediante prueba piloto en muestra de 375 estudiantes universitarios, se mide capacidad de discriminación de ítems, mediante prueba U de Mann-Whitney, su coeficiente de correlación biserial, efectos suelo y techo y correlación ítem total. Se eliminan ítems de menor discriminación. Se mide fiabilidad y se evalúa modelo mediante Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) y prueba de convergencia con percepción del estado de salud. Resultados: La versión final es de 24 ítems, 6 por cada una de las 4 subescalas. Su fiabilidad es de 0,96. AFC valida el modelo propuesto de 4 factores equivalentes a las subescalas: Chi2/gl=2,15, RMSEA=0,056, SRMR=0,037, CFI=0,961, TLI=0,957, NFI=0,931, RFI=0,922, IFI=0,962. Se evidencia validez de convergencia. Conclusiones: La escala presenta validez y confiabilidad, es breve y fácil de aplicar. Recomendable para diagnósticos de salud comunitaria.