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Breastfeeding is the best practice to ensure proper nutrition, correct growth of the craniofacial complex and overall health of the baby with optimal breathing, feeding and sleeping functions. Many mothers face breastfeeding problems due to the baby's difficulty in latching, especially if the lingual frenum is restricted. Early detection and understanding of some of the root causes of those difficulties will lead to an early intervention, thus getting the babies on the right tract of their full potential of growth and development.

Background and aim of the work: To reflect on content, trends and quality of scientific publishing on COVID-19. In particular, to report on the systematic screening, quantitative assessment and critical appraisal of the first 10,000 scientific papers published on COVID-19 and to compare how scientific outputs matched identified research priorities and public health needs. Methods: A comprehensive research strategy was developed to systematically retrieve on a daily basis all studies published on COVID-19. From included studies we extracted: bibliometric parameters, country of studies’ implementation and study design. We assigned papers to 25 a priori defined COVID-19-related topics and we described scientific outputs in relation to countries’ academic publishing ranking, as well as COVID-19 burden. Results: 10,000 scientific articles were published on COVID-19 between 20th January and 7th May 2020, accounting for 2.3% of total scientific production over the study period. One third (33%) focused on COVID-19 clinical management, with little adherence to identified research priorities. Over sixty per cent of papers were opinion pieces not reporting original data. Papers were published on 1881 different journals but with half of scientific production included in 8% of journals. The US accounted for one fourth of total scientific production, followed by China (22.2%) and Italy (9%). Conclusions: Never before in the history of academic publishing such a great volume of research focused on a single topic, this being likely to introduce major changes in the way science is produced and communicated, at the risk of bringing it far from its ultimate aim: informing clinical and public health practice and decision making. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA, Churg-Strauss syndrome) is a rare anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) characterised by respiratory manifestations and systemic organ involvement [1]. Particularly, cardiac manifestations occur in 40–60% of patients, representing the leading cause of mortality [2]. Recent reports suggest that venous thromboembolic events might also represent a consistent burden of disease [3, 4], as already known for the other AAVs [5–7], possibly due to eosinophil-mediated vascular inflammation [5]. Nevertheless, the occurrence of arterial and venous thrombotic events (AVTE) has never been systematically explored in EGPA. Footnotes This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal . It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article. Conflict of interest: Alessandra Bettiol Conflict of interest: Renato Alberto Sinico Conflict of interest: Franco Schiavon Conflict of interest: Sara Monti Conflict of interest: Enrica Paola Bozzolo Conflict of interest: Franco Franceschini Conflict of interest: Marcello Govoni Conflict of interest: Claudio Lunardi Conflict of interest: Giuseppe Guida Conflict of interest: Giuseppe Lopalco Conflict of interest: Giuseppe Paolazzi Conflict of interest: Angelo Vacca Conflict of interest: Gina Gregorini Conflict of interest: Pietro Leccese Conflict of interest: Matteo Piga Conflict of interest: Fabrizio Conti Conflict of interest: Paolo Fraticelli Conflict of interest: Luca Quartuccio Conflict of interest: Federico Alberici Conflict of interest: Carlo Salvarani Conflict of interest: Silvano Bettio Conflict of interest: Simone Negrini Conflict of interest: Carlo Selmi Conflict of interest: Savino Sciascia Conflict of interest: Gabriella Moroni Conflict of interest: Loredana Colla Conflict of interest: Carlo Manno Conflict of interest: Maria Letizia Urban Conflict of interest: Alfredo Vannacci Conflict of interest: Maria Rosa Pozzi Conflict of interest: Paolo Fabbrini Conflict of interest: Stefano Polti Conflict of interest: Mara Felicetti Conflict of interest: Maria Rita Marchi Conflict of interest: Roberto Padoan Conflict of interest: Paolo Delvino Conflict of interest: Roberto Caporali Conflict of interest: Carlomaurizio Montecucco Conflict of interest: Lorenzo Dagna Conflict of interest: Adriana Cariddi Conflict of interest: Paola Toniati Conflict of interest: Dr. Tamanini reports other from Glaxo Smith Kline, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: Federica Furini Conflict of interest: Alessandra Bortoluzzi Conflict of interest: Elisa Tinazzi Conflict of interest: Lorenzo Delfino Conflict of interest: Iuliana Badiu Conflict of interest: Giovanni Rolla Conflict of interest: Vincenzo Venerito Conflict of interest: Florenzo Iannone Conflict of interest: Alvise Berti Conflict of interest: Roberto Bortolotti Conflict of interest: Vito Racanelli Conflict of interest: Guido Jeannin Conflict of interest: Angela Padula Conflict of interest: Alberto Cauli Conflict of interest: Roberta Priori Conflict of interest: Armando Gabrielli Conflict of interest: Milena Bond Conflict of interest: Martina Tedesco Conflict of interest: Giulia Pazzola Conflict of interest: Paola Tomietto Conflict of interest: Marco Pellecchio Conflict of interest: Chiara Marvisi Conflict of interest: Federica Maritati Conflict of interest: Alessandra Palmisano Conflict of interest: Christian Dejaco Conflict of interest: Johann Willeit Conflict of interest: Stefan Kiechl Conflict of interest: Iacopo Olivotto Conflict of interest: Peter Willeit Conflict of interest: Domenico Prisco Conflict of interest: Augusto Vaglio Conflict of interest: Giacomo Emmi

International audience; In simply typed \lam-calculus with one ground type the following theorem due to Loader holds. $(i)$ Given the full model $\cF$ over a finite set, %with at least seven elements, the question whether some element $f\in\cF$ is \lam-definable is undecidable. In the \lam-calculus with intersection types based on countably many atoms, the following is proved by Urzyczyn. $(ii)$ It is undecidable whether a type is inhabited. Both statements are major results presented in \cite{Bare2}. We show that $(i)$ and $(ii)$ follow from each other in a natural way, by interpreting intersection types as continuous functions logically related to elements of $\cF$. From this, and a result by Joly on \lam-definability, we get that \Urz's theorem already holds for intersection types with at most two atoms.

Transmission electron microscopy was performed on specimens of the thymus of rats induced for acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). The ultrastructural alterations of the thymus were progressive and correlated with EAE development. The thymic disorganization was due to a progressive degeneration of both epithelial cells and thymocytes. These data suggest a direct involvement of the epithelial thymic cells and thymocytes in EAE pathogenesis and may suggest the intriguing therapeutic concept of thymectomy in the management of multiple sclerosis.