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For the Caatinga vegetation, it has not yet been definitively established which adaptive strategies best define the functional groups of woody plants and which syndromes emerge from the relationships between functional traits to achieve success in a semi-arid tropical region. To fill some of these gaps, we analyzed a specific set of characteristics that make up the LHS scheme of the plant ecological strategy (leaf-heigh-seed). The LHS scheme captures the functional niche of plants regarding the functional traits specific leaf area (SLA), plant height (HE), and seed mass (SM). We associate wood density (WD) to this scheme because this trait is a key feature for the identification of functional strategies in seasonally dry vegetation such as the Caatinga. We measured these characteristics in eight woody species and classified them according to their leaf phenology into deciduous and evergreen. The experiment was carried out between December 2017 and November 2018 in Caatinga areas located in the municipality of Barra de Santana, PB, a semiarid region of Brazil. Using cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation analyses, we found significant relations between SLA and SM, and HE and WD. The SLA was the main predictor of plant strategy in the Caatinga. According to this characteristic, we identified two functional groups: species with a low SLA and species with a high SLA. We also recognized differences between deciduous and evergreen species based on the same trait. The traits measured, which represent the axes of the plant ecological strategy scheme LHS and wood density, are efficient in the discrimination of functional groups in the Brazilian semiarid. These groups relate to leaf phenology of woody species in this vegetation.